When you finish this chapter, you should be able to: Discuss the general idea of analysis of variance, discuss the general idea of analysis of variance, conduct a test of hypothesis to determine whether the variances of two populations are equal, organize data into a one-way and a two-way ANOVA table.
Trang 112 1
Trang 21 Discuss the general idea of analysis of variance .
2 List the characteristics of the F distribution.
When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to:
Organize data into a oneway and a twoway ANOVA table.
3 Conduct variances of two populations are equal. a test of hypothesis to determine whether the 4.
Trang 52 1
s
s F
and are the sample variances for the two samples
2
1
s s 2 2
Trang 6Colin, a stockbroker at Critical Securities, reported that the mean rate of return on
a sample of 10 internet stocks was 12.6 percent
with a standard deviation of 3.9 percent.
The mean rate of return on a sample of 8 utility stocks was 10.9 percent with a
standard deviation of 3.5 percent.
At the 05 significance level ,
can Colin conclude that there is
more variation in the internet stocks?
Trang 8Compute the test statistic and make
= 1.2416 = 1.2416
F 2
2
2 1
s
s
2
2 ) 5 3 (
) 9 3 (
Trang 9The F distribution is also used for testing whether two or more sample means came from
the same or equal
populations
ANOVA
Trang 11The Null Hypothesis (H 0 ) is that the population
means are the same The Alternative Hypothesis (H 1 ) is that
at least one of the means is different
ANOVA Procedure ANOVA Procedure
The Test Statistic is the F distribution
The Decision rule is to reject H 0
if
F (computed) is greater than F (table)
with numerator and denominator df
Trang 1212 12
Trang 14SSE SST
F
k n
Trang 17• SSE is the sum of squares error
SST
total SS
SSE
Trang 18Easy Meals Restaurants specialize in meals for senior citizens.
Katy Smith, President, recently developed a new meat loaf dinner. Before making it a part of the regular menu she decides to test it in several of her restaurants.
She would like to know if there is a
difference in the mean number of dinners
sold per day at the Aynor, Loris, and Lander restaurants. Use the .05
significance level.
Trang 19Aynor Loris Lander
13 10 18
12 12 16
14 13 17
12 11 17
17
T c 51 46 85
n 4 4 5
T c 51 46 85
n 4 4 5
…continued
Trang 20…continued
• SS Total (is the total sum of squares)
= 86 13
= 2634
)
( Total
(182) 2
Trang 21( 5
85 4
46 4
Trang 23Compute the test statistic and make
SSE
SST
F
k n
k 1
2
76.25
Trang 25Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled St.Dev
Level N Mean St.Dev + -+ -
Trang 26Analysis of
Variance
in Excel
Trang 27See See
Using
Click on DATA ANALYSIS
Click on DATA ANALYSIS
Click on Tools
Trang 30Using
SS Total
SST SSE
F test
Trang 31Inferences About
Inferences About
Trang 32
When we reject the null hypothesis that the means are equal,
we may want to know which treatment means differ
One of the simplest procedures is
Inferences
About Treatment
Means
Inferences
About Treatment
Means
Confidence Interval
Trang 33Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Means
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Means
Trang 34Develop a
95% confidence interval
for the
difference in the mean number
of meat loaf dinners sold in Lander and Aynor. Can Katy conclude that there is a
difference between the two restaurants?
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Means
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Means
Trang 354 25 1 48 ( 2.77, 5.73)
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Means
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Means
Trang 36Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Means
…continued
Trang 37For the twofactor ANOVA we test whether there is a significant difference between the treatment effect and whether there is a difference in the blocking effect!
…Let B r be the block totals ( r for rows)
Trang 38The Bieber Manufacturing Co. operates 24 hours a day, five days a week.
level , can we conclude there is a difference in the
mean production by shift and in the mean
production by employee ?
ANOVA ANOVA
Trang 40Compute the test statistic and make
1 (
1
b k
Trang 41SS(total) = 139.73 SST = 62.53
SSB = 33.73 SSE = 43.47
results
Using
to get these
results
Trang 42Since 5.754 > 4.46, H 0 is rejected.
1 5
1 3
43.47
1 3
53 62
1 (
1
b k
Trang 43Compute the test statistic and make
1 (
1
b k
Trang 441 (
1
b k
2 43.47
4
33.73
There is no significant difference in the mean
number of units produced by the various employees.
Trang 45Units versus Worker, Shift
Units versus Worker, Shift
Trang 47Since F(test) < F(critical), there is not sufficient evidence to reject H 0
There is no significant difference in the average number of units produced
by the different employees.
There is no significant difference in the average number of units produced
by the different employees.
Trang 48searchable glossary access to Statistics Canada’s EStat data
…and much more!
Trang 49This completes Chapter 12