When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to: Define the terms probability distribution and random variable; distinguish between discrete and continuous random variables; calculate the mean, variance, and standard deviation of a discrete probability distribution; describe the characteristics and compute probabilities using the Poisson probability distribution.
Trang 1Discrete Probability Distributions
Trang 2When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to:
Trang 4of possible outcomes
Under this distribution the random variable has an
infinite number
of possible outcomes
C Continuousontinuous
Examples Examples
Trang 5The length of time of an afternoon nap!
Trang 7Let T represent the outcome of
Let H represent the outcome of a Head
Determine the probability distribution Determine the probability distribution
Trang 8Listing the possibilities Listing the possibilitiesHeads Heads Heads Heads Heads Tails
Trang 9Consider a
random experiment in
13318
1/83/83/81/88/8 = 1
What is the
probability of
tossing 2 heads in
3 flips?
Trang 10P robability D istribution
is the longrun average value of
the random variable also referred to as its expected value , E(X) ,
in a probability distribution
is a weighted average
is denoted by the Greek symbol , mu
Trang 11[ xP xP (x x )
Formula Formula
03/83/8
6/8
12/8=1.5
x
0123
P( x )
1/83/83/81/88/8 = 1
Trang 12…the standard deviation is the square
root of 2
Trang 13Let x be the number of heads Let Flip a coin three times. x be the number of heads
)] (
0.252.250.25
( X ) P(2 x )
.28125.09375
0.75
.09375.28125
2.25
Trang 14Computing the Computing the
Determine the Probability distribution and its mean and variance.Determine the Probability distribution and its mean and variance.
# of Painted Houses 10 11 12 13
Weeks
567
220
x
Trang 15# of Painted Houses
11 12 13
5/20 = 0.25
10
Trang 16)]
( )
2
( x )20.091.69
2.890.49
( x ) P(2 x )
.4225.0270
0.91
.1715.2890
x
10 11 12 13
x P( x )
2.53.31.3
Trang 17Binomial Probability Distribution
B i nomial
P robability
D istribution
Trang 21 None are unemployed
At least one is unemployed
Trang 22(120) 2013 or 20.13%
0
) 80 (.
10
) 20 (.
)10 3
80 (.
3 3
10 C ( 20 )
000
0881
Trang 23(1) 1074 or 10.74%
1 – P(0) = 1 .1074 = .8926 or 89.26%
x)
(n
x x
Trang 2410
0.05 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 0.95
0.599 0.349 0.107 0.028 0.006 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.315 0.387 0.268 0.121 0.040 0.010 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.075 0.194 0.302 0.233 0.121 0.044 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.057 0.201 0.267 0.215 0.117 0.042 0.009 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.011 0.088 0.200 0.251 0.205 0.111 0.037 0.006 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.001 0.026 0.103 0.201 0.246 0.201 0.103 0.026 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.037 0.111 0.205 0.251 0.200 0.088 0.011 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.009 0.042 0.117 0.215 0.267 0.201 0.057 0.010 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.011 0.044 0.121 0.233 0.302 0.194 0.075 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.010 0.040 0.121 0.268 0.387 0.315 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.006 0.028 0.107 0.349 0.599
Trang 250.000 0.001 0.026 0.103 0.201 0.246 0.201 0.103 0.026 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.037 0.111 0.205 0.251 0.200 0.088 0.011 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.009 0.042 0.117 0.215 0.267 0.201 0.057 0.010 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.011 0.044 0.121 0.233 0.302 0.194 0.075 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.010 0.040 0.121 0.268 0.387 0.315 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.006 0.028 0.107 0.349 0.599
Represents the ‘ PROBABILITY’ when n = 10
Trang 26Alternate Solution… Alternate Solution…
Using Appendix A Binomial Probability Distribution
Using Appendix A Binomial Probability DistributionDATA: 20% Unemployed & Sample of 10
Exactly three are unemployed
.201 or 20.1%
0.05 0.10 0.20 0.30 …0.80 0.90 0.95 0.599 0.349 0.107 0.028 …0.000 0.000 0.000 0.315 0.387 0.268 0.121 …0.000 0.000 0.000 0.075 0.194 0.302 0.233 …0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.057 0.201 0.267 …0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.011 0.088 0.200 …0.006 0.000 0.000
Trang 27Alternate Solution… Alternate Solution…
At least three are unemployed
Using Appendix A Binomial Probability Distribution
Using Appendix A Binomial Probability DistributionDATA: 20% Unemployed & Sample of 10
Alternate Reasoning:
If ‘at least three are unemployed’
it follows that
‘You can turn this into a problem of at most seven are employed !’
80% employment if you wish
Trang 28Using Appendix A Binomial Probability DistributionDATA: 20% Unemployed & Sample of 10
Alternate Solution…Alternate Solution…
Trang 290.05 0.10 0.20 0.30 …0.80 0.90 0.95 0.599 0.349 0.107 0.028 …0.000 0.000 0.000 0.315 0.387 0.268 0.121 …0.000 0.000 0.000 0.075 0.194 0.302 0.233 …0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.057 0.201 0.267 …0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.011 0.088 0.200 …0.006 0.000 0.000
Using Appendix A Binomial Probability Distribution
Trang 30Copyright © 2004 by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Alternate Solution… Alternate Solution…
DATA: 20% Unemployed & Sample of 10
At least one is unemployed
Using Appendix A Binomial Probability Distribution
Using Appendix A Binomial Probability Distribution
…at most nine
are employed!
…at most nine
are employed!
Trang 31n p
) 1
Mea n and Variance
Therefore, the standard deviation is 1.6 = 1.3
From a sample of 10
workers in this age
group, calculate:
and 2
Trang 33Ske wed
Poisson Probability Distribution
Trang 35where n is the n umber of trials
and p the p robability of a success
Trang 38searchable glossary access to Statistics Canada’s EStat data
…and much more!
Trang 39This completes Chapter 6