Bài viết trình bày thực hiện giám sát và phản biện, phản biện của dân vị vua trách phạt, từ phản biện đến phản ứng xã hội, đình thần dâng sớ ngăn vua Tự Đức giảm bớt chơi bời để dân đỡ khổ, sửa lại thói quan của nhân sĩ, Trương Quốc Dụng tâu về yêu cầu chỉnh đốn chính sự...
^ TO CHUt VA THl/C HIEN NHIEM VU • • • • "GIAM SAT VA PHAN BIEN XA HOI" CUA NHA NU'dC VIET NAM TRONG LICH SlT (Tiep theo vd het) VAN TAO* Thiic h i e n g i a m sat v a p h a n bien Trieu Nguyin, nhiem vu giam sat, phan bien dUdc thi hanh nghiem ngdt nhUng hieu qua khdng cao Thiem sU Bo Le id Nguyin Ddng Tuan dang sd tau dieu ve xay diing td chQc giam sat, phan bien: "1 Dat Vien Ngii sii: Xin chon vdn vo thfin kiem chQc dai Hien sQ, h tbi dan hdc siia chQa tram quan de khien gfing sQc sieng nang, ngodi thi cvl sat cac chau huyen de rdn sQ gian tham nhung lam Ddt Thdi phong sd: Xin chgn quan Kinh, ngUdi ndo Hem, trung triic, dQng dfin, sach thi sai di khfip eac chau quan, xdt chien tfch, xem tinh dan de nghiem xem cae thii thfin gidi hay khdng, vd de thau sud't ldi, benh cua tieu dan (day la chQc quan mdi md cae trieu dai trUde chua dat ra-VT) Bdt nhQng viin chdc thiia di: Ndi rdng can than chon be toi nho hoc lam tri huyen, ma ehi giao eho lam viec gifiy td kien tung, eon viec tien thdc binh lUdng van iiy thae ta't ca cho cai huyen, ky huyen Neu mot ngUdi khdng lam ndi thi ddt hai ngUdi de cho ho phat trien nhieu sd hoc rdi mdi trach dUde viec phue vu nhan dan • GS Vien Sd hoc Ddt nhd hoc d dinh trdn, chdu huyen: Xin chon nhQng biie lao sU tue nho ldm trd giao Pham hoe trd trUde het phai de'n chau huyen hoc tap, trd giao phai xet tai ndng khf dp md day Khi da hdi thong kinh sach vd biet lam vdn thi eho den dinh trfin de dd'c hoe ddy ThUdng khao xdt ngUdi nao trung each thi cii len Thai hoc eho Giam ddc hoe khao duyet bdi lai ma tau len NgUdi nao kinh thudt rong khfip, hoc hanh thufin du cho ldm sinh vien, cfip cho lUdng an ma hoc tap, de ddi luc dung Md khoa dn thi: Ndi rdng hien dang cii hdnh an chfnh, thien deu dUdc nhd dn Xin sang ndm md an khoa nhU dien le nUdc dai Thanh Cit hdnh dn tii: TrUdc The To Cao Hodng de dfip vang, md dudng sa, nhQng phfin mo hoang phe deu de y thUdng xdt Hdng ndm mot Ifin hoi td Nay nha vua la ehu bach thfin, thfin ky ldn nhd deu dUde nhd dn, nhQng ed hdn khdng ngUdi thd cung thi chUa kip thUdng de'n Ddi xUa cd ndi rdng: "Ma quy khdng cd cho nUdng tua thi ldm dich le" Xin dinh lam le te Vua sai dinh thfin bdn de Ifin l\i(}t thi hdnh" (65) Tdchurc va ttuic h i ^ nhi^m vu 15 phdn deu chieu theo phfim, cap theo gfip bdi sd tien vd gao Bfit dfiu dat Thdng chfnh sQ Chufin eho dinh thfin ban dinh ve quan chQc, thuoc chQe vd chQc vu, rdi eho thi hanh: Thanh tra cdng viec lUdng va dong ludng b cac dia phUdng 3.1 Thiic hien theo ldi tdu trinh, biin ki tren "1 Ve quan va thuoc vien: Thong chfnh sQ, thd'ng chfnh phd sQ, vien ngoai lang, ehu sii, tU vu, bat, cvtu pham thu lai mdi thQ ngUdi, vi nhap lUu thU lai 15 ngUdi ChQc vu: Tiep nhan cac tau sd, sd sach cac ndi de trinh Moi cii vien thuoc ty den eung vdi phai vien eua Ty Tam phap phai den Qng triic cl cdng dUdng He cd danh trdng Ddng v a n keu viec gi, ddn kien thi Ty Tam phap nhdn xdt, nhUng thuoc vien Qng tnic eung ddng ky nhQng ddn fiy de trinh Cdng chanh dUde lUu chieu Neu Tam phap ty im di hay de chdm tre khong xdt ddn thi tham hdc Ve viec vao Qng triic, thi cac dan thong chanh xQ cung theo le cac dUdng quan d bo va vien ma Ifin lUdt vao trUe Cac thuoc vien nhU: Vien Ngoai lang, chu sU, tU vu, mdi hang mdi ngdy ngUdi luan lUu theo ban va Qng triie, cung phai theo le dan the bdi nhU cac nha mdn Trong eac hoi nghi eua dinh than, vien thdng chfnh sQ eung dUde dii Tien edng nhu, cung theo nhU Thai thUdng tu vd Quang lap tU moi ndm cfip 50 quan An tri§n, fin quan phdng, the bai, dinh thii, phdng, trai deu ty tiep tue Qng ldm" (66) 3.2 Quy dinh to chdc vd nhiem vu tra Qua nhQng ldi tau ve td chQc giam sat, phan bien: Dinh lai le thudng tra: NhQnc nhan vien dUde xung ldm tra, Thanh tra cdng viec kiem ke vd dac d cae dia phUdng Ve chQc tra eac dia phUdng, thUdng phai that, bat phfim di lam, nen chufin (hnh: TQ de'n khda tra ndm thi phai quan Kinh Tam pham hodc Bd chinh, An sat hat khac; khda tra ndm thi phai quan Kinh TQ pham hodc cac bien khoa dao Tfit ca deu bo tau xin trUde ky han de chia di ldm viec (67) Vua ndi: "Vien dd sdt giQ chQc dai hien, ed quan h? den phong hda ky eUdng, trim nghe khoa dao Bfic trieu (Trung Qude) deu ed chQc TrUdng An, mdi khoa, dao deu ed 5, ngUdi, chufin cho trUdc het ddt them mdi khoa deu chQc TrUdng An cfip sii chung de lam cfip bac thdng chuyen Cfip mu ngu phfim eho quan khoa dao vi^n Dd sat; NgU sQ cae dao 17 ngUdi Vua Uu dai chQc ngdn quan, ddc each cap cho nhu tren Lai chufin cho mu chfiu cua vien trUdng va trUdng fin d khoa deu them mieng sQng bit bac d tren cfiu mu, goi la mu giai trai, de hdp vdi y nghia giai trai ehi hue ke gian td (68) 3.3 Ky luat dot vdi viic de cit, tien cit sai ldm Chuan dinh tQ nay, pham cae nha chon ngUdi xung ldm ehu thii phu Noi vu, gian hodc cd ldi nho tfim thUdng, thi ngUdi tien cii dUde mien nghi; neu cd lUdi bieng chdi bdi va kdm coi, bi vien giam lam xdt hdc thi vien tien cit bi xii toi sd sufit, phat lUdng thang; cQ mdi ngUdi lai toi mot bdc, neu ngudi a'y pham toi bdt xdn, trom cfip vien tien cit phai xii theo luat nSng "bfit Ung vi" (khdng nen lam ma lam) (69) 16 Rghien curu Lich siSr 56 4.2009 3.4 Phan Thanh Gian ddng sd len Tii Ddc phdn biin ve tdchitc bo mdy 3.6 Sd tdu ve viic cdc quan lai che ddu giac ciidp, ciidng hdo chiem ddt " Chung toi thiet nghi: Mudii cho nUdc khoi sdi rao, khdng gi bfing nit bdt cui ra; mudn cQu chQa md'i te, khdng gi bfing bdt viec; lam nen tri binh cdt phai thiie te, mud'n lam dUde viec cdt phai cd ngUdi gioi Chi mong hodng thUdng tdm giQ dai eUdng, giQ viec chf yeu, ken chon ngUdi tai ndng, bd lam quan chQc, tai liia dung Viec eat nhfie tfit phai khoan rong ve tU each, ma lay ngUdi cd tai can kham ndi dUdc viec; viec trQng phat phai nghiem khfic vdi ke IQa dd'i xao trd, ma khoan tha eho sii sd suat nhfim ldn, viec tra xdt de to cung rang buoe ldn nhau, nhUng khdng nen qua ve cau ne bd buoe NhU vay, se thay thdi khf dieu hda vui ve, vat thinh nhieu, nam dUde mua, dan dfin rdi sU dau khd mfit di, ngUdi dUde tUdi tinh lai ma ke sach ciia nude den gifiu manh " Nam 1842, Nguyin Cu Si dang sd tau: "Cac quan thudng che gia'u giSc cUdp, tri phii Doan Hung, Pham Khfic Tuy lai nuoi gidc cUdp de Ifim md't an di" Ndm 1849, Trfin Vdn Y tau: "Quan lai Nghe An dau cUdp va nhung nhiiu; Tong Vo Liet, mot thang cudi he, cd dam cUdp, cd ddt pha giet ngUdi Ndm 1852, Hinh bo ThUdng thu Dang v a n Thiem di tra tinh Binh Dinh ve tau: 'TrUdc dinh le quan dien, cQ 10 mfiu thi mau lam cdng, ndm mfiu lam tu NhUng rudng cdng mau md thi cudng hao chiem, cdn thQa chd nao thi hUdng ly chiem, dan ehi dUde phfin xUdng xfiu" (72) Td sd dang len, vua phe bao rdng: "Dd deu ndi tdm tfit ve dao ly ldn, nhUng ehUa ed thuc khoan de thi hdnh " (70) 3.5 Td Pho dd Ngii sii Viin D6 sdt la Hd Huy Phiin tdu ve viec tri an 'TrUdc kia, Nguyen Cdng TrQ dang sd kin tau xin: "Pham tdng xa nao cd ke chQa chap gidc trd'n, bfit ngUdi ddi chuoe ma cae tdng trUdng, ly trUdng va hUdng trUdng biet rd, nhUng khdng to' giac thi deu phai xii tit Viec dd da dUdc bdn xet va chufin eho thQ lam d tinh Nam Dinh ndm Den bay gid da nam rdi, the ma quan sd tai va quan Bo Hinh vfin khdng phue tau, cdn cQ theo the xQ doan, thiie e qua ndng" Vua du noi cae rdng: 'DUdng ldi ldm chfnh tri cdt phai khoan hda nhan hau ehfing nen dung nghiem khfic; cd viec rdn ke gian, phat ke ac thi buoe phai lay hinh phat de giup chfnh sQ khoan nhan" (71) 3.7 Dinh diin sit Nguyen Cong Trit ddng sd tdu ve tri an vd khdn hoang - Lap phdp nghiem cfim de trQ dQt bon trom eUdp - Minh viec thudng phat de khuyen khich quan lai - V6 rudng hoang cho dan ngheo (73) Xin trQ cai te cUdng hdo ve chiem doat rudng dat tQ trUdc de'n nhQng ngUdi bdn viec deu dd ldi cho quan lai ma khong biet phfin nhieu la tai cUdng hao Nd lam ngUdi ta bd cdi, vd ngudi ta gda bua, gie't ca tfnh mang cua ngUdi ta, het ea gia tai cua ngUdi ta, md vi^c khong Id, cho nen cQ cdng nhien khdng kieng sd gi Tham chi chung cdn fin Idu dinh dien, rudng den nghin mfiu khdng nop thue, dinh den trdm sua't khdng dkng sd chi phue rieng cho bon cUdng hao Nay xin trich la'y mot vai ngUdi dUa phap ludt, vk bai le thue mUdn ruong dfit cdng (74) 3.8 Bo Cdng tdu vi sit dung ngdn ngQ Hdn, Viet Tdchurcvattn/c hito nhi&n vu "Dd vat de dung, khdng goi ten thi khdng rd Nudc ta viec kien tnic dien dUdng, tdu thuydn, vat kien khdilg chi 1, thQ, tQ trUdc de'n vfin goi bfing tieng Ndm Vang hoang thUdng ta nhan viec ddt ten chQ Han, thf du: LUdng tam (long rUdng), thQa liiu (mfing nUdc), long tu (rau rdng) Theo y ddt ten du cho dUdng thdi thdng hdnh, sau noi theo Nay xin tdm la'y dai lUdc, rong tim chQ cii phu Ifiy y thudng Hodc dung 161 hoi y, hodc dung ldi hdi thanh, phdm ten cu eac dd vdt cd que mua thi ddi di (nhU trinh ddi ldm lUcfng, xuyin doi lam chdn, chdu mai ddi ldm bdc mdn, dQdng giang ddi lam hodnh giang)" Vua y ldi tau (NhU vay, vua quan nha Nguyin coi nh? chQ Ndm, thfeh dung chQ Han - VT) (75) 3.9 Nhdn ddn ddnh trdng Ddng Vdn kiu len nhQng bi vua trach phat Dan ThQa Thien ed ngUdi bi quan Kinh Doan danh ddn, bdn danh trdng Ddng Vdn de keu Vua nghe biet, bao thi thfin rdng: "Dat trdng Ddng Vdn cdt d^ nhQng ngUdi khdng cd cho keu de than oan, the md tQ trQdc den nhQng ke de'n keu chi la nhQng viec nho nhdt lang xdm Nay ke ndy tQc gian vi bi trach phat, dam danh trdng de keu nham, thi cai thdi gian ngoan t$ bae lai cang qua ifim! Cd le vi dan tue ngdy mot kieu bac ma de'n the ehdng; ben sai Tam Phap ty tra xdt, x^ Phii doan Trfin Tii Dinh bi each lUu vi da danh gia re san vdt cua dan de di den dan di kien nham, Phii thQa Nguyin VSn Cfin cd y benh viic cho ldm thi bi giang cfip, lUu NgUdi dan danh trdng de keu bi phat 100 trUdng (76) 3.10 Cdc quan lai tdu hdc ldn Cac Ngii sii Nguyin Xuan Canh, Nguyin Qudc Hoan lai tau hfic rfing L i bo ThUdng thu Phan Huy Thiie liia cii quan trUdng Hd Noi, phfin nhieu Id cho thuoc 17 lieu (ngUdi ldm quan dUdi quyen minh), chau ho la Phan Huy San dUdc Tu tdi, chau goi bang cdu la Hodng Dinh Ta dUdc Cii nhan, tUa hd cd y giii gfim thien tU Vua lenh eho bon Thiic cu thiie tau len Khi td tau de len rdi, vua cho Id khdng biet xa trfinh hiem nghi, ben giam Thiie xudng cfip, phat thang lUdng (77) 3.11 Chi du ve viic tdu bdy cdn phdi chinh xac Vua chi du: Dan ta vdn du lUdng tri lUdng ndng, nen sdng yen dn, dQng nen ngd sd Neu ed mudn den Kinh lUdc dai thfin td cao oan udng thi phai la sU vi$c thiic cfin thiet, ldi hai mdi eho phdp dUde tii trinh bdy Neu ke nao dam dem trinh nhQng vi^c nho nhat khdng cfin thiet, vd vi vu khdng hiem thu thi cung se tri toi nang (78) 3.12 Triiu dinh coi viic chip sQ la mot hinh thQc gidm sdt, phdn biin Vua bao cac thi thfin rfing: Qudc the khdng ed gi bfing sQ, md tai ldm sd, chdp sQ, thiic khd cd ngUdi ldm td't dUdc SQ de chdp viec hay, viec dd ciia vua, de ldm gUdng rdn bao ddi sau NhQng vi^c dQ nho nhU: "NgUdi nUde khae den nUdc ta hodc tha'y ngUdi di efiy nhUdng bd, ngUdi di dUdng nhUdng dudng, chfnh sU cdng bfing, kien tung thda ma khen ngdi, cd nhien nen chon Ifiy de ghi sii xanh " (79) 3.13 Ca quan chuyen gidm sdt phdn bien cung dQdc dQa xet xQ vi khdng ldm trdn nhiem vu Vien Dd sat, cd nhi^m vu Id Dai ngii sii, kinh tra viec an, vi?c kien, da lau vfin khdng tim sii thiic, eung Id bfit liic Giao ca cho Bo Lai nghi sii (80) Tau trinh ve tri toi tham nhung - Vi?n Cd mat tau ndi: Sau loan lac, tuyen bd cfin ngUdi, cd khdng khoa muc xufit than, ed phfin nhieu tU each khdng hdp, Rghien ciiru Ljch sit s6 4.2009 IS nhQng bon tao bao canh tranh dUde tien, md te tham nhung sinh ra, nen gfin day d phu huyen cac hat, dd nhieu ngUdi sach nhieu de dan khong dUde yen; vdy cac tinh tQ Thanh Hda trd vdo Nam xin quan tinh xet ro vien phu huyen, ngUdi ndo tham nhung, tQc thdi phai hdc tri va ngUdi tu each khdng hdp, tU len Bo Lai xet xvt (81) 3.14 TrQdng Qud'c Dung tdu vi yiu cdu chinh ddn chinh sQ Phong thu dan kfn trinh bay viec: "1 Xen tiiu dung: Bd xa xi theo kiem Ude, pham dd chau ngoc khdng phai dung Chi cfin ben chfic moc mac khdng trang sQc long Ifiy thi ddi so'ng cua dan dUde ddi dao md coi gd'c eua nUde se ben vQng Thiidng viic hinh nguc: Trieu dinh diing phdp ngdn ke gian, ran ke ac, xa ldi tha toi Chgn Igc ngg.ch quan lai: Trieu dinh diing ddt da dfiy dii, ddt quan dfin dfin nhieu them, md gfin day nhQng ngUdi hieu sU hodc cd xin phan chia phu huyen, ddt them quan lai, vien chQc so' len da nhieu, khdng khdi sinh ton nhieu dn hai Nay xin giam bdt Bdt vdn thQ: Gifiy td cfin ed the 1$ cdt yeu Neu gifiy td nhieu ma khdng them lai vien thi khdng dii ngUdi lam viec Nen pham cac gifiy td cham trUde ma giam bdt, bo phien ddm md dung cdt yeu SQa lai thdi quen cua nhdn si: Nhan si hoc tap ta't phai say me ve nhan nghia dao dQc rdi sau mdi phat ldm van chUdng, ldn thi cd the sQa nUdc giup dan, nho thi ed the siia minh chQa tue, mdi la thiic dung Nhan si phai gdm vdn va hanh Xin sfic ehi xud'ng: chdm theo nghia ly, s^a lai cho hdn hau, tri cho nhan tam phong tue cae ndi dUdc td't" (82) 3.15 TrQdng Ddng Que, Nguyen Tri PhQdng, Ldm Duy Thiep, Nguyin Ddng Giai, Phan Thanh Gian ddng sd tit qud trdch vi viic khdng ldm trdn trach nhiim (nhUng noi dung cd an y phan bien vdi nha vua) "Nay bpn chiing tdi lai nfim giQ then chd't chfnh tri NgUdi giQ viec cfit nhfie thi khdng hay ehpn Ipc eho quan trUdng dUde sach ma ke hay ngUdi dd chUa ph§n biet dUdc, ngUdi giQ tdi chfnh thue khda, khdng hay tuyen dUdng ldi trach ma bon vd vdt, due khoet chUa trQ het Quy thfin hudng d long thanh, ma ngUdi coi viec te le ciia nha nUde, khdng hay giQ het long kfnh Nhan tinh khdng la khdng mudn nghi ngdi, ma ngUdi coi viec binh khdng biet thUdng dan khd nhpe; ngUdi coi vifc hinh phap, khdng hay giQ long thfing, udng lam cdn nhieu; ngUdi coi cdng viec lam, diing ldm trai le, ehUa hay khoan nhe sQc ngUdi Tim ed, sd di trai pham khf hda cua trdi, Id bdi nhQng thQ dd Bpn chung tdi chUa biet ldm the nao, cui mong chufin eho dem bpn chung toi hoi ve toi khdng ldm trdn chQc vu, ngd hfiu hdi lai long trdi sdm cho mUa xudng de eho thoa thiep long mong ciia dan Vua xem ldi tau cung tu nhdn loi, nhan du dai thfin Ifiy y vua tdi cung kinh sd, khuyen rdn Ifin rdi kinh sU lai dUdc mUa to, cae tinh cung tiep tue bao tin dUde mUa" (83) 3.16 Dinh thdn ddng sd ngdn vua TQ DQc gidm bdt chdi bdi de ddn dd kho (Sd mang tfnh chfit ddn hdc) Vua (Tu DQc) di chdi nhd nghi mfit cl sdng Huong ngdy Khi trd ve khoa dao dang sd can: (Dai lUdc ndi: Thanh chii sdm, tdi c6 thUdng sd chdi, vui cd thUdng ky; (be ha) di chdi lau den ngdy, thdnh rdo che mdn vay vai each cung cd khong d u ^ nhu ndi vang ao ndng; ben song l6 chijrc va thxfc hi&i nhi^m vu thdng tudng, dUdng di nhieu nga, sQ nghiem mdt khae hfin ndi them cao cung thfim, lai them dem ke den ngdy, quan Hnh hoc lp chd sUdng nfing, tudng long thUdng cung bfit nhfin TQ be bfit thfin cd ngii chdi dau, xin thi trd ve Vua bao rfing; Ndng qua phai di hdng mat (84) Vua Tii Due hay di chdi hdnh cung Thuan Triie sdn bfin chim Hoang Ta Viem dang sd can: " Xa gia vua di den dau, dfing trUde, dfing sau phai trdn tranh, da hai vi$c budn, lai hai vi^c lam rupng, quan si theo hfiu, hodc phai ddi phai ren, hodc rdt sinh dm, ldm luy den dQc tdt, ehfing ciing nhieu U? Vua bao rfing: " Ta bi benh ufit khdng vui da lau, ehi cd each tieu khien nhU the mdi ldm dUdc viec, cho nen khdng biet toi loi" (85) 3.17 Phdn biin cda ddn bi vua trdch phat Thdi Nguyen cd ngQdi Ngh? An la Le Diim ddn gia vua dang ndi dieu: Cfim cung hp khdng Ifiy dUdc nhau; Cfim ta dao; Ldp thi vo; Ban phdp thi vdn; Dinh viec danh thue cQa quan va ben; Doi y phuc Vua xem ndi: "TQ trUde de'n md rpng dUdng ndi thdt mud'n biet het noi khd hUdng thdn, neu ke dan mpn khdng danh vi, ed biet dich thfiy ro viec gi, cho dUdc cQ vi?e tau thfing, gian hodc niia tning niia sai, eung khdng nd vdi qud trach Den nhU vi^e ldn cua nUde khdng phai Id thUdng dan dUde dii biet Id sd lam hdn hao le phai cua nude Nay Le Diem dam dem vi$c phan phong vd qudn vu la vi§e tm trpng dai md ndi bay ban can, neu khoan hdng ma tha thi eho nghiem dUde hinh phap? Vdy giao xudng Bp Hinh nghiem nghi" Rdi Diim bi toi tram giam hdu (86) 19 3.18 TQphdn bien din phdn Qngxd hdi Thdng dd'c Hoang Ta Viem tau ndi: "Cao, Lang, Thfii, Tuyen mfiy ndm bi giac tan pha, toan quan lai d bien gidi khdng kheo vo ve md Ngay nhU bpn giac ndi len da cd cau: "Gie't het bpn quan lai tham 6" (87) Hinh thQc cao nhfit la "phan bien bfing vu khf ehdng doi lai trieu dinh", khien cd nhieu eupe ndng dan khdi nghia Cae cdng trinh nghien cQu ve khdi nghia ndng ddn thdi can dai, tfnh tdng sd tQ Gia Long de'n Tu DQc ed tdi hdn 400 cupe khdi nghia eiia ndng dan chd'ng lai trieu dinh Nhin chung lai, nhQng tau sd dang len cac vua chua thdi phong kien, nhQng ldi ddn hae cac hdn quan, gian thfin, ninh thfin, nhQng ldi len an chi trich cac thdi hU tat xfiu ciia vua va trieu dinh ma cac tri thQc phong kien yeu nUde thupc cac td chQc nha nUdc cung nhU eua nhan dan da ndi d tren, deu la ket qua ciia sU giam sat, kiem soat lau ddi ciia nhieu quan lai vd nhan dan NhQng nhd tri thQc tieu bieu da tap hdp lai de phan bien len vua vd trieu dinh rV, Tong k e t lai Cd nhQng dd'i tUdng vd muc tieu giam sat, phan bien nhU sau.1 Gidm sdt, phdn bien vi hdnh vi, trdch nhiem cda nhd vua, dd'i tUdng Id cae vi vua khdng anh minh nhU vdi Trfin Du Tdng, Le Thai Tdng, Le TUdng Due, Mae Mdu Hdp, Tu DQc Gidm sdt, phdn biin vi qudn sQ nhQ ciia Tran Thu Dp, Trfin HUng Dao vdi eac vua Trfin khang chien ehdng Nguyen; ciia Le Tich, TrUdng Dd phan Qng vdi vua Trfin Due Tdng vua quyet di danh Chiem Thdnh bi tii trdn Gidm sdt, phdn biin vi kinh te, vdn hda, xd hdi nhU ciia Ly Cdng Ufin ve vi?c ddi dd, cua TrUdng Han Sieu ve bien dao 20 Phat me tin di doan, ciia sQ gia Le Nghia ve viec chdp Thiic luc nhu mpt thQ phan bien mong vua Le Thanh Tdng xem sii de tu siia minh; cua Bp Cong trieu Nguyin tau ve sii dung ngdn ngQ Han Viet; eua Dinh dien sQ Nguyen Cdng trQ tau ve tri an vd khan hoang Gidm sdt, phan biin vi cd chi to chQc vd diiu hdnh bo mdy nhd niidc nhU eua Ly Dao Thanh, Td Hien Thanh thdi Ly, eua Ngd Chf Hoa va Le Bat TQ thdi Le Thfin Tdng; cua TrUdng Ddng Que, Nguyin Tri PhUdng, Lam Duy Thiep, Nguyen Dang Giai, Phan Thanh Gian ve ehi'nh sU cd chd dd nat cfin chinh siia Gidm sdt, phdn bien vi trdt tQ, tri an nhu cua TrUdng Qud'c Dung, Nguyen Cdng TrQ cung nhieu quan lai cap tinh, huyen dang len trieu Nguyen ve viec cac quan lai che dfiu gidc eUdp, cUdng hao chiem doat rupng da't, cua Nguyen Duy Thi ddi Le The Tdng, LUdng Dfic Bfing ddi vua Le TUdng Due Tfit ca deu Id khuyen can nha vua tU siia minh va stta sang chfnh sU Gidm sdt, phdn biin ddi vdi cdc doi tQdng long quyin, tham nhung nhU cua Chu v a n An thdi Trfin Du Tdng, eua Nguyin Binh Khiem, Giap Hai thdi Mac Mau Hdp, cua Vien Cd mat thdi Nguyin Cdc quan lg,i gidm sdt, phdn biin, ddn hdc ldn tdu lin vua nhU ciia eac NgU sii Nguyin Xuan Canh, Nguyin Qud'c Hoan ve nhQng hanh vi sai trai ciia mpt so' quan lai khae Quyin gidm sdt, phdn bien cua ddn khdng dQdc tdn trpng nhU mpt ngUdi dan cl ThQa Thien danh trd'ng Dang Van keu oan, vua qud trach, phat danh 100 trUdng, quan Phii doan ThQa Thien bi each chQc, hay ciia Le Diim d Nghe An dUa y kien ed tfnh chfit phan bien len vua, bi vua xii an tram giam hdu Rghien cijru Ljch stir, sg 4.2009 TQ gidm sdt, phdn bien khdng dat hiiu qud, ddn de'n phdn Qng xd hdi Nhu ldi tau eua Hoang Ta Viem ve ndng dan ndi ddy cho'ng trieu dinh d Thai Nguyen Hay nhU nhieu cupe khdi nghia nong dan ehdng trieu dinh cl Thai Binh, Hai DUdng ma vua phai sai Nguyen Cdng TrQ, Le Hoan, Hoang Cao Khai di ddn dp Nhu vay, cac vi vua anh minh eua cac trieu dai xUa, sau nhdn dUde cac ldi khai, cac sd tau, ldi tau trinh, ddn hdc da dUa xud'ng bach quan bdn luan, xem xdt, de ehinh siia chfnh sach, che dp cua trieu finh va de dieu hanh cac edng viec vi ldi fch qudc gia vd eua nhan ddn Nhd vdy, ma da cd nhQng thdi thai binh, thinh tri, day dQdc xa hpi tien len Cdn nhQng vua chua khong anh minh thi ehdng nhQng khdng thiic hien nhQng yeu cfiu dUdc neu eac ldi phan bien md cdn cd phan bac lai hodc tra thu, len an, tri tdi ddi vdi nhQng ldi le thfing thfin eua qufin thfin hodc eiia thUdng dan V Ke thvfa di s a n lich aii ve giam sat, p h a n b i e n Qua thiic te lich sii ke tren chung ta cd the tii hao rfing truyen thdng diing nUdc va giQ nUdc, dng cha ta da quan tam xay diing mpt ed che giam sat eiia nha nude vd mud'n nghe tieng ndi phan bien tnic tiep hay gian tiep eua nhan dan de xay diing dat nUde, phat trien xa hpi Trong eac eupe chien tranh giai phdng dan tpc hay bao ve dpc Idp dan tpc, nhQng hanh dpng phan boi dan tpc, nhQdng bp, hodc dau hdng ke thu deu bi phan dm, hi nhan dan len an thdng qua ed che giam sat, phan bi^n, theo the thQc phong kien, nhu tren da trinh bay Nha nUde Cfich mang Vi^t Nam ddi tQ ndm 1945 dUdc xay diing theo nguyen ly Chu nghia Mac-Lenin va Tu tudng Hd Chf Tdchtrcvajhuc h i ^ nhi^m vu Minh, la nha nUdc "cua dan, dan, vi dan" nen coi trpng viec ke thQa vd phat huy truyen thdng yeu nUde, trpng dan Trong truyen thdng dd ed viec xay diing cd che td chQc giam sat, phan bien, nhUng Id lam theo tu tUdng ly ludn va phUdng phap mdi cd tfnh each mang Dd la vQa ed cac ed quan dan cii (Qudc Hpi, Hpi ddng nhan dan eac cfip) vd cac ed quan nha nUde nhU Ban Thanh tra Chinh phu, Bp Tu phap, vien Kiem sat lai Id vQa ifing nghe y kien nhan dan qua nhieu ngudn, nhieu kenh thdng tin tQ cac td cHQc Dang, td chQc qufin chung md bao chum nhfit la Mat tran dan tpc thdng nhfit Dang cd Ban Kiem tra trung Qdng Ddc bipt la cac ky Dai hpi Dang, tfit ca cae dang vien deu thdng qua Dai hpi Dang bp eac cfip ma thao luan, ddng gdp y kien vdi Dai hpi cfic cfip va Dai hpi Dang todn qudc Dieu dd eung bao hdm y nghia giam sat, phan bien vdi cac hoat dpng ciia Nhd nUde va cae nhd lanh dao Dang ve trach nhiem vdi dan, vdi nUdc Ngay sau ngdy Cach mang thang Tam cdng, Chii tich Hd Chf Minh da sdm eho thdnh lap Ban Thanh tra eiia Chi'nh phii Ngay 14-11-1945, Hpi ddng chinh phu da Nghi dinh thdnh Idp Ban tra ddc biet eua Chfnh phu, dQng dfiu la cu Bui Bfing Dodn vd uy vien la ddng ehf Cu Huy c a n Sfic Ipnh lap Ban tra dac biet ban hanh 23-11-1945, gdm dieu: Giam sat tfit ca cac edng vipe va cac nhan vien ciia Uy ban Nhan dan vd cae cd quan ciia Chinh phu Cd todn quyen: - Nhdn cae ddn khieu nai cua nhdn dan - Dieu tra hoi chQng xem xdt cac tai lieu gifiy td ciia Uy ban Nhan dan hoae cac cd quan ciia Chfnh phii cfin thiet eho cdng viec giam sat 21 - Dinh chQc bfit giam bfit cQ nhan vien nao Uy ban Nhan dan hay Chfnh phu da pham ldi trUde mang Hpi ddng Chfnh phu hay toa an ddc bipt xdt xQ - Ban tra cd the truy td tat ca cae viec da xay trUdc ngdy ban bd sfic lenh Nhu vay, nhiem vu giam sat da dUde thiie hien Chfnh phii Viet Nam Dan ehu Cpng hoa mdi ddi (d dieu 1) Cdn nhiem vu phan bien ma lich sit gpi la tau trinh, xet hach, dan hdc thi ban tra nhdn ddn khieu nai eiia nhan dan ddng thdi xem xet cac tai lieu gifiy td cua cae cd quan nha nUde rdi quyet dinh cd nhQng nhdn x6t, sQa ddi (88) Trong sudt cupe khang chie'n trUdng ky ehdng Phap, Ban Thanh tra Chinh phii lien tiep dUdc xay diing mdi, bd sung them vien Thang 5-1950, Ban Thanh tra Chfnh phii mdi dUde thdnh lap mdi cu Hd Tung Mdu la trUdng dodn, ddng chf Trfin Ddng Ninh ldm uy vien Ban da di tra, kiem tra eac lien khu khang chien PhUdng cham lam viec nhU Chu tich Hd Chf Minh da chi dao Id: "NgUdi di kiem tra tra phai nghe bfing hai tai, phai nghe nhieu tieng chudng, ddng thdi phai di sat thuc te "trdm nghe khong bfing mpt mfit thfiy" Mpt sU kipn ndi bat la da dUdc nghe y kien phan bien cua nhdn dan ve vu tham nhung eiia Dai ta - Giam dd'c Nha quan nhu Bp Qudc phdng Trfin Du Chau Mpt dai bieu Qud'c hpi da phat hien va td gidc Trfin Du Chau va ddng bpn pham tdi tham 6, quan phiet quan dpi Chu tich Hd Chf Minh, Chi'nh phu vd Bp Qudc phdng da cha'p nhan ldi phan bien cua Ban Thanh tra Chfnh phu Ngay 5-9-1950, toa an quan sU tdi cao da md phien toa xdt xii vk ket tdi tii 22 Rghien ciJru Ljch siir sg 4.2009 hinh vdi Trfin Du Chau Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phe duyet ban an (89) hdn 17.660 ban tra ed sd vdi tren 367.000 can bp (92) Ban Thanh tra Trung Udng cdn nhdn dupc nhieu thU khieu to' NhQng khieu td deu la nhQng ldi phan bien cua nhan dan, cu the nhu ndm 1957, Ban Thanh tra Trung Udng da nhan dUde 3.998 thU khieu to', ehUa ke 2.037 ngUdi tnic tiep den Ban Thanh tra khieu nai (90) Mpt sd nhQng thU khieu td ndy mang y nghia phan bien eiia dai chung, cung nhU lich sQ, cae trieu dai phong kien da ddt trdng Ddng Van de nghe nhan dan ndi Den thdi ky xay diing ehu nghia xa hpi toan qude tQ 1975 trd di, Ban chfip hanh Trung Udng Dang da coi trpng viec ndy nhU Bao cao chinh tri tai Dai hpi Ifin thQ IV cua Dang da nhfin manh: TQ ndm 1981 cho den ndm 1986, tinh hinh tra dUdc thiic hipn tdt dUa den Nghi quyet dai hpi VI cua Dang coi trpng cdng tac tra theo phUdng cham md Dai hpi de la nhin thfing vao sQ thdt, danh gia diing sQ that, ndi rd sU t h a t TQ sau dai hpi VI, tra nhan dan da nhdn dUdc nhieu y kien phan bien qua cac ddn thu khieu nai, td cao Cu the ndm 1987 da cd 172.291 ddn thU khieu nai, tdcao, dd ed tdi 12 can bp bi td cao la Bp tnidng, ThQ trUdng hodc cap tUdng dUdng, 19 Bf thu, Chu tich tinh, thdnh phd, 78 can bp cfip cue, vu, vien (93) tinh Cd tdi 4.124 xd tren tdng so' 8.147 xa da thdnh lap Ban Thanh tra nhan dan Tong cpng ndm 1981, ca nUde cd tdi Cho den nay, sii nghiep ddi mdi thu dUpc nhieu ket qua mpt phfin Id nhd Dang vk Chfnh phii da phat huy dan chii coi trpng y Nhiem vu giam sat phan bien nhU vdy da dUde thiic hien rpng rai tQ cfip cd sd cho 'To chQc kiem tra chat che va nghiem de'n cfip trung Udng Nhd vay ma vipe thiic tue sU hoat dpng cua cac cd quan nhd nUde hien Nghi quyet Dai hpi VI cua Dang ve sQ la bien phap rfit quan trpng de nang cao nghiep ddi mdi todn dipn trUde het la ddi hipu liic cua nhd nUde Cd cfiu kiem tra bao mdi tu ddc biet la tU kinh te da gdm hp thd'ng tii kiem tra bp may nha dem lai hieu qua to ldn Tiep theo Dai hpi nUde, sU kiem tra cua Dang va eiia cac td VI, Dai hpi VII ciia Dang, ke ca dai bieu dai chQe qufin chung Kiem tra phai mpt hpi giQa nhipm ky khoa VII da gdp phfin to cd che budc tQng td chQc, tQng can \>q, tQng ldn vdo vipe ddi mdi tU nhd thiic hipn ngUdi dan tuan thii hien phap vd phap cae vfin de qua sii giam sat phan bipn luat Nhan dan sQ dung quyen eiia minh Trong vipe xay diing eUdng linh vd chien theo hien phap vd phap luat de dau tranh lUdc ciia Dang vao dau nhQng nkm 90, cdng vdi nhQng hanh dpng sai trai viec tac giam sat va phan bipn da gdp phfin tfch quan ly kinh te, vdn hod, ddi sd'ng, buoe eac ciic vdo viec thiie hien cUdng Hnh va chien cd quan nhd nUde thiie hien dung vd td't lUde Cu the nhu rieng ndm 1992, cac quyen lam chii tap the ciia nhan dan" (91) nganh tra da de xufit 4.480 kien nghi Den thdi ky cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai chfin ehinh cong tac quan ly eua cae cfip, hoa, nha nUdc coi trpng tra nhan cac nganh, cac ddn vi dd ed 78% sd dan TQ ndm 1981 trd di da xay diing cae td kien nghi da dupe tiep thu siia chQa Dang chQc tra nhan dan va tra cong ke la cd 289 kien nghi da dUdc cac bp vk iiy nhan tai cac cd sd Cd nhieu tinh thdnh ban nhan dan cac cfip chfip nhan bd sung ca nUde lap dUde ban tra (94) T6 chuc va ftuc hi&i nhiem vu kien cua nhan dan Tuy vdy, eho den nay, hoat dpng cua Ban Thanh tra cae cfip cung mdi la kiem tra, tra, giam sat va phan bien tdi cae cd quan tQ cap Bp trd xudng ma ehua lam dUde viec kiem tra ngUde len tdi cae cd quan phu trach cao cfip nhu Chu tieh nUdc, Chfnh phu va Trung Udng Dang, tUa nhU trUdc ed nhQng ldi tau trinh, ddn hdc edng khai den ca nhd vua va trieu dinh Hipn nay, cae cupe chfit vfin Qudc hpi cung bUdc dau thiic hipn nhiem vu ndy VI Nhiifng kinh nghiem lich sijf va bai hoc lich aii Trong hdn ntta the ky qua, chung ta da ke thQa vd phat huy dUde nhQng mdt tfch ciic ve giam sat, phan bien eua dng cha, nhUng cung cdn cd nhQng thieu sdt nghiem trpng Dang ke nha't Id sai Ifim ta khuynh, y ehf cai cfich rupng dfit vd chinh ddn td chQe nhU Trung Udng Dang da kiem diem va thQa nhdn, nhUng vipe nghe phan bien ciia cdn bp va nhan dan ve viec ndy dang tien hdnh cdn chUa that thoa dang Cu the so' can bp cao cfip eiia Dang da cd mpt so' ddng ehf qua tiep sue thiic tiin (eung ed y nghia Id giam sat) cd kien nghi phan bien ve chu trUdng cai each rupng dat cua Trung Udng ed yeu to' giao dieu lam theo edng tac phan phong ciia Trung Qudc, tidu bieu nhU ddng ehf Trfin Huy Lipu (xem Tap chf Xu"a vd Nay, so'297, (XII-2007), trang 16-29) NhUng kien nghi dd da khdng dUde chfip nhan Tu chii quan, y chf, cho rfing: Cd the dUa quan hp san xufit tien tien len trUde de kdo theo liic lUdng san xufit (tuy cdn kha lac hau) len sau da dUa den hai sai Ifim: 22 a Chu trUdng tdp the hoa ndng nghiep mpt each nhanh ehdng, quyet dinh sdm dUa hdp tac xa tQ thf diem len bae cao phd bien Viec lam da nhdn dUdc y kien phan bien eua can bp Trung Udng va dia phUdng, thdm ehf ed nhQng phan Qng tfch ciic ehdng hdp tac hoa mpt each d at, nhUng nhQng ldi phan bien dd eung khdng dupe chfip nhan lai eon cd ndi thi hanh sQc ep tQ tnic tiep den gian tiep Sau ndy, sU tan cua nhieu hdp tac xa ndng nghiep, nan thieu ddi diin ra, d i n den sU kien khoan chui nong nghiep Dd la hau qua cu the nhfit cua vipe thieu nghe y kien phan bien ciia can bp va nhan dan b Chu trUdng cai tao xa hpi ehu nghia edng nghiep cung vdi tU mud'n dUa quan he san xufit tien tien len trUde rdi kdo lUc lUdng san xufit lac hau len sau mpt each nhanh ehdng qua each mang khoa hpc - ky thuat, nen da quy nhieu chu tieu thii cdng nghiep Hd Npi vd cac tinh phfa Bfic len tu san de cai tao Rdi sau lai mudn ap dung bien phap d mien Nam sau giai phdng, nhUng nhd nghe phan bien ciia can bp va nhan dan mien Nam nen da ngQng lai kip thdi Mdc dfiu vdy, cupe cai tao tu san d mien Bfic va bUde dfiu d mien Nam cung dd dUa lai sU giam sut dang ke nen edng - thUdng nghiep ciia ca nUde Ddn cQ mfiy viec tieu bieu ke tren chung tdi mud'n ket luan la: Ong cha ta da de lai di san quy bau ve tinh thfin trpng dan, nghe sU giam sat, phan bien ciia nhan dan, nhfit la d eac trieu dai thinh tri Trong Cach mang thang Tam vd hai cupe khang chien, chung ta da biet ke thQa vd phat huy nhQng mat tfch ciic ciia eac di san Cdn nhQng thieu sdt ke tren chung ta cfin tim di san tieu ciic cua che dp phong kien (doe tdi, doe doan) vd kinh te tieu ndng (chii quan, ta khuynh, 24 y chi) dUa den thieu dan ehu, dieu md chung ta ludn ludn dUa Id phai canh giac de phdng Do'i vdi ed che td chQe he thdng chinh tri hipn thi di san lich sii ke tren cd nhQng diem tfch cUc md chung ta da ke thQa va phat huy Ve td chQc xUa gdm cae ed quan nha nude nhu Hien ty, NgU sQ ddi, Vien Do sat, cfic Gian nghi dai phu, thi nhiJng ed quan ke tren dUde thay the bfing ban Thanh tra Chfnh phu, va cae Ban Thanh tra nhan dan, Vien Kiem sat, bp may tU phap vd td chQc luat sU Tuy vdy, ehdng ta nin ke thQa vd phdt triin them d nhQng mat ditdi ddy: Chung ta khdng theo che dp da dang vd cd che ludng vien nhU d nhieu qud'c gia tu ban chii nghia hipn dai, nhUng he thdng chfnh tri hipn cung nen theo truyen tho'ng dng cha xay diing mpt ed quan chuyen giam sat vd phan bien cdng khai, dan chu va cd hieu liic (nhU kieu NgU sii ddi vd Vien Dd sat xUa) vdi ten gpi va cac chQc danh mdi Cd quan dd cd trach nhiem Id: Neu nhQng chii trUdng, chfnh sach Nha nude de va thiie hien pham sai Ifim nghiem trpng de'n mQe dp nhU mfiy sai Ifim da diin ke tren ma khong sdm phat hipn vd phan bipn thi cd quan dd phai chiu trach nhiem Trong ed che giam sdt va phan bien hien nay, ngoai cae td chQc tra, kiem sat, tu phap, nen xay diing mpt cd che cho phdp cac nganh khoa dUdc lam nhiem vu giam sat, phan bien va ed trach nhiem giam sat, phan bien ve nhQng lanh viic ed lien quan den chuyen mdn ciia minh, coi dd nhu mpt nhiem vu khoa hpc Rieng nganh Sii hpc thi dUde tiep can vdi eac hoat dpng ciia Nha nUde, Chinh phii, Qud'c hpi dUde ldm nhipm vu nhU bien chdp ThQc luc thdi R g h i ^ curu Lich sir s6 4.2009 phong kien (cd the vdi mpt ten gpi khac) Tfit nhien ngQdi chdp Thiic luc phai that trung thiic Nha nUdc cd quy che ldm vi$c cho ngUdi chdp ThQc luc phai tuan theo NgUde lai, Nha nUde, cac nha lanh dao cung coi Thiic luc nhu mpt loai hinh giam sat, phan bipn de nghien cQu, chfit Ipc Ifiy nhQng sii kien chfnh xac, nhQng y vd ldi phan bien dung dfin de sii dung vdo vipe ddi mdi td chQe va cd che lanh dao, quan ly vk thiic hien Tdng phong cho mpt sd ngUdi trung thiie dUdc dai chung nhan dan tfn nhipm chQe hdm Gian nghi dai phu nhU xUa Cdn chQc danh vd nhipm vu thi cd the ddi mdi eho phu hdp vdi hien Ddng thdi Id phai tdng cQdng quyen han va nhipm vu giam sat vd phan bien eiia cac td chQc chinh tri va eua nhan dan Mpt vai thf du cu the nhU: "ThQ nhdt, Chi thi sd 30/CT/TU cua Bp Chfnh tri ve xay diing vd thiic hien quy che ddn chii ed sd cfin bd sung quyen h^n giam sat, phan bien eiia nhan dfin Chi thi ghi Id: "Md rpng cae hinh thQc td chQc tii quan de nhan dan, edng nhan, can bp, cdng chQe tii bdn bac thiic hien khudn khd phap luat nhQng edng vipe mang tfnh xa hpi hoa cao, cd sii hd trd eua chinh quyen, cd quan, ddn vi (nhU viec xay diing hUdng ude, quy Ude Idng van hoa, xay diing td hod giai, td an ninh, phong trdo vp sinh mdi trUdng, den dn dap nghia, giup dd ngUdi ngheo " (95) NhU vdy, nhan dan chi phat huy dan ehu thiic hien nhipm vu dan chii cl ed sd tii quan md ehUa cd cd ch^ dan chu ve giam sfit, phan bipn ddi vdi cac cd quan Nha nUdc tQ thfip den cao Cfin bd sung ThQ hai, Cd quan dan nguypn cl Quoc h^i hipn nen cd them chQc ndng giam sat, phan bien 25 Td chirc va thuc hien nhiem vu Q u y e t d i n h t h a n h l a p Ban D a n n g u y e n ciia Uy b a n ThUdng vu Qude hpi 17-32003 quy d i n h ve n h i p m vu, q u y e n h a n cua Ban d a n n g u y e n nhU s a u : - ThQ nhdt: Tiep cong dan, chu yeu la tiep n h a n de xQ ly, theo doi giai quyet cae kien nghi, k h i e u nai, to'cao ciia cdng d a n - ThQ hai: G i u p Uy b a n ThUdng vu Qud'c hpi phdi hdp vdi Uy b a n T r u n g Udng M a t t r a n To Qud'c Viet N a m tdng hdp y kien, kien nghi eiia cQ t r i q u a mdi ky dai bieu Qud'c hpi tiep xuc cQ tri - ThQ ba: Tong hdp t i n h h i n h , giai quyet ddn t h u de bao cao Uy b a n ThUdng vu Quoc CHU hpi (96) N h u vay la B a n D a n nguypn mdi thu dpng tiep t h u y kien ciia n h a n dan vi bQc xuc ma hp p h a i dUa len chQ chua ehu dpng d a t r a mpt dinh che ve quyen giam sat, p h a n bipn cua n h a n d a n do'i vdi cac cd quan Nhd nUdc De t a i n a y la mdi me, vdi k h a n d n g cd h a n , c h u n g tdi xin dUa k e t qua sUu t a m , n g h i e n cQu bUdc d a u va chan t h a n h , thfing thfin t r i n h b a y nhQng suy nghi, k i e n nghi cua m i n h , mong n h a n dUdc nhQng y kien dong gdp cua dpc gia de bd s u n g , sQa chQa THICH (55) Kham dinh Dai Nam Hoi die'n sU le, Noi cac trieu Nguyin bien soan Nxb Thuan Hoa, Hue in va phat hftnh, nam 1993, tap 14, tr 70 - 71 (56), (57), (58), (59), (60), (61), (62), (63), (64) Nhu tren, tr 177, 191-192, 99-100, 120, 109, -115, 117, 121-122, 193-194 (65) Dai Nam Thiic luc (DNTL), tap V (Chinh bien), De nhi Ky 1, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi Ha Noi, 1963, tr 120-121 (66) DNTL tap XV, Chinh bien 1834, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi Ha Noi, 1965, tr 369 (67) DNTL, tap XVIII, Chinh bien 1836, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, tr 68, 69, 70 (68) DNTL, tap 19, Chinh bien 1837, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, Hft Npi, 1968, tr 215 - 216 (69) DNTL, tap 19, Chinh bien 1837, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hpi, Hft Npi, 1968 tr 225 (70) DNTL, tap XXX, Chinh bien 1863 - 1865, tr 127 - 129 (71) DNTL tap XII, Chinh bien, 1833, tr 58-59 (72), Dai Nam ThUc Luc, tap I (Tien bien), Nxb Sd hpc, Hft Npi, 1962, tr 6-8 (73), (74), (75) DNTL, tap IX, Chinh bien, 1828 - 1829, tr 32-33, 104-105, 354 (76) DNTL, tap XV, Chinh bien, 1834, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hpi, Hft Noi 1965, tr 128 (77) DNTL, tap XV, Chinh bien, 1834, Nxb Khoa hpc xft hpi Ha Koi 1965 tr 211 (78) DNTL, tap XVIII, Chinh bien, 1836, \xb Khoa hpc xa hpi, tr 51 (79) DNTL, tap XX, Chinh bien, 1838, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi, tr 76 (80) DNTL tap 26, Chinh bien (IH16-1847), Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi Ha Npi, 1972, tr 31 (81) DNTL, tftp 38, Chinh bien, 1886-1888 Nxb Khoa hpc xft hpi Ha Npi, 1978, tr 29, (82), (83), (84), DNTL tftp 27, Chinh bien, 1848-1853, Nxb, Khoa hpc xa hpi, Ha Noi, 1973, tr 59-62, 113-114,379, (85), DNTL, tap XXXII, 1870-1873, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi Ha Noi, 1975, tr 25-26, (86), DNTL tap IX, Chinh bien (1828 • 1829), tr, 176 - 177, (87), DNTL, tap XXXII ( 1870-1873), Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi Ha Npi, 1975, tr, 75 (88) Lich Si? tra Viet Nam 1945 • 1955 sa thdo Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia Ha Npi, 1998, tr, 15-16, (89), (90), (91), (92), (93), (94) Lich sd tra Viet Nam 1945 - 1955 sa thdo, sdd, tr, 47-49, 67, 155, 178, 243, 293, (95), (96), Tap chi Mat tran, so 50, thang 122007, tr, 31, 11 ... xQ cung theo le cac dUdng quan d bo va vien ma Ifin lUdt vao trUe Cac thuoc vien nhU: Vien Ngoai lang, chu sU, tU vu, mdi hang mdi ngdy ngUdi luan lUu theo ban va Qng triie, cung phai theo le... da dUdc bdn xet va chufin eho thQ lam d tinh Nam Dinh ndm Den bay gid da nam rdi, the ma quan sd tai va quan Bo Hinh vfin khdng phue tau, cdn cQ theo the xQ doan, thiie e qua ndng" Vua du noi... an thdng qua ed che giam sat, phan bi^n, theo the thQc phong kien, nhu tren da trinh bay Nha nUde Cfich mang Vi^t Nam ddi tQ ndm 1945 dUdc xay diing theo nguyen ly Chu nghia Mac-Lenin va Tu tudng