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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HA NOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION NGO THI THU HUONG LITERATURE CRITICISM OF HAN THUYEN GROUP Speciality: Literarature theory Code: 9220120 THE SUMMARY OF PH.D THESIS INPHILOSOGY Ha Noi – 2019 The thesis was completed at Ha Noi National University Education Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr BUI VAN BA Assoc Prof Dr HOANG MINH LUONG Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The thesis will be presented at the University Council of Ha Noi National University Education at …….…………………………, 2019 The thesis can be referred at: - National Library, Hanoi - Libraty of Hanoi National University Education INTRODUCTION Necessity of the thesis In the early 40s of the twentieth century, there were three outstanding groups of literary culture in Vietnam's literature Two groups of Tri Tan and Thanh Nghi were assessed relatively and unanimously since the beginning; particularly the Han Thuyen group was critically criticized almost throughout the century However, until the period after renovation Han Thuyen was restored, but gradually till now, there are still many issues to continue to study and solve This is the basic reason for us to choose the topic: Literary criticism of Han Thuyen group Purposes of the research 2.1 In striving for modernization of the literary theory of the country, achievements and shortcomings, successes and failures must be summarized in the theoretical heritage of the nation since the middle ages, especially in twentieth century Particularly about the Han Thuyen group, it is about the problem of acquiring foreign theories including which theory, how their relationship is, especially how to apply those theories to the practice of domestic literature, right or wrong, unanimous opinions must continue to be clarified with an objective assessment, following the Party's reforming ways 2.2 Closely attaching to the purpose of the above-mentioned literary theory is the meaning of historical literature When an assessment is undertaken accurately and objectively, it is necessary to determine the more or less positive role and negative effects of the Han Thuyen group in the process of country's literary consciousness in the stage of 1930-1945 2.3 Finally, the research results of the thesis will be able to apply to the school in teaching the modern literary theory as well as the Vietnamese Literature section at the period of 1941-1945 Subject and scope of the research In addition to general status of Han Thuyen group, in the field of literary criticism in the Han Thuyen group, there are only two characters who are Truong Tuu and Luong Duc Thiep Luong Duc Thiep was lost in 1945 His works are mainly based on the original: Vietnam poetry (1942); Literature and society (1944), Art of poetry (1945); recently, most of them have been re-published by Tri Thuc Publishing House and Publishing House of writers Truong Tuu wrote books since 1931 (The philosophy of Kieu Story) and the works which were written in the new regime such as Kieu story and Nguyen Du era (1956), etc However, we only focused on researching works which are published by the Han Thuyen Publishing House, such as: Vietnam poetry (1940); Nguyen Du and Kieu story (1942); psychology and ideology of Nguyen Cong Tru (1943); Literature of Kieu story (1945); Vietnam's cultural future (1945) These works were reprinted immediately in this new century through the collection and edition of Trinh Ba Dinh and Nguyen Huu Son: Truong Tuu - Collection of research and criticism (2007) which facilitates us to compare Method of the research Based on the object and scope as identified and to complete tasks of the research, the thesis grasped thoroughly common methods in scientific research in general such as: Methods of analysis, synthesis, interpretation, induction, comparison, historical methods, systematic methods, etc to methods at the philosophical level such as dialectical materialism and historical materialism Regarding common methods such as comparison method, it will be applied very much in this thesis as comparison among three groups of Tri Tan, Thanh Nghi and Han Thuyen; comparison among small groups in Han Thuyen such as Trotsky group, Marxist group (but not following Leninism), patriotic group but easy to waver; comparison between two people in a small group likely between Truong Tuu and Luong Duc Thiep, etc Comparison must be stated the same and different points, of course, the ratio between these two sides depending on the specific case will be very different Applying the method of dialectical materialism and historical materialism on this topic is corresponding to the object while the main researching object here is Luong Duc Thiep, especially Truong Tuu, who declared on following Marxism Thus, it is possible to immediately take the dialectical materialism and historical materialism to examine their statements and application that will see that they sincerely learned and gained a relatively deep understanding or not; at the same time, there are manifestation of childish and machinery of Marxism This scientific operation is very objective and impartial and it resists to unreasonable capture and deduction New contributions of the thesis The literary criticism of Han Thuyen group is a very difficult and complicated topic Through the process of trying to study, we found that the thesis has new contributions as follows: 5.1 Clarifying more complicated richness including both positive sides of Han Thuyen group such as: family origin, principles, goals, attitudes to new regime, contribution in the war against France, collaborators and published publications Especially, the professional status in the same field of research, especially about the very different tendencies of key members - main reasons for the complexity towards the negative aspects of Han Thuyen group 5.2 Truong Tuu's literary ideology before the Revolutionary period basically did not follow Trotsky, evenly not follow Leninism Despite sincerely following Marxism but it has a simple, unrelenting tendency, especially in combination with S.Freudism, this combination governed and adjusted the application of H.’s artistic philosophy which he came into contact early at the beginning He did not counter Marxist or fake Marxist while was very close to Western Marxism, specifically Marxism-centralism with characteristics of not following Leninism but tended to be attached to modern ideology of the West 5.3 Nor following Leninism and Trotskyism, Luong Duc Thiep gradually tried to study and apply Marxism, although there were still childish and machinery, there were relatively correct perceptions about the relationship between literature and society, characteristics of the genre and history of Vietnamese poetry Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, recommendation, list of articles of the author, list of references, appendix of Korean Publications List from Han Thuyen publishing house, the thesis consists of chapters: - Chapter 1: Overview of research status - Chapter 2: General information of Han Thuyen group - Chapter 3: Main literary ideology of Truong Tuu - Chapter 4: Literary criticism process of LuongDucThiep CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH STATUS 1.1 The period before renovation in 1986 1.1.1 Completely negative opinions In the article: "The Big Principles of the New Cultural Campaign of Vietnam" at that time, Mr Truong Chinh affirmed that the Han Thuyen group misrepresented Marxism and made mistakes of Trotskyism Vu Duc Phuc in the discussion on ideological fighting in modern Vietnamese literature history of 1930-1945, denied completely the value of Luong Duc Thiep's Poetry Art Phan Cu De said that the Han Thuyen group posed as Marxist Nguyen Van To criticized the authors for misrepresenting history, lowering the national tradition This is the official evaluation of Vietnam's Communist Party at that time Immediately in the Literature Dictionary (the old one in 1983), Han Thuyen section written by Nguyen Hoanh Khung also followed that stance 1.1.2 Opinions has both criticism and confirmation Chu Thien, criticizing the Vietnam's poetry said that Luong Duc Thiep was righteous and fair when he praised and criticized the contemporary poets Kieu Thanh Que and Vu Ngoc Phan said that Truong Tuu was one social novelist The Southern writers such as Nguyen Vy and Nguyen Van Trung all praised Truong Tuu's talent and bravery, but not definitely about Marxist; he brought new things to literature research Despite of talking about defects and weaknesses, it was not too heavy on a standpoint 1.2 The period after renovation in 1986 1.2.1 Evaluations by the main positive tendency Thoroughly grasping the Party's renovation way, literary dictionary (new publication, 2004) has three items of words written by Nguyen Vinh Phuc about Han Thuyen and Van Tam about Truong Tuu and Nguyen Quyet Thang about Luong Duc Thiep No longer reactionary and fake Marxism, despite of talking about mistakes and defects, they always acknowledged the contribution and achievements Since here, many events appeared, especially about Truong Tuu Older researchers such as Nguyen Huu Son and Trinh Ba Dinh continued to publish selection of Truong Tuu accompanying by an opening research on culture, prose and criticism Young doctors such as Nguyen Manh Tien, Doan Anh Duong republished almost works of Luong Duc Thiep This work laid a good foundation for deep research into Han Thuyen, especially on Truong Tuu Then, the writers' conference, Professor Truong Tuu - People and the celebration of 95th birth year (November 18, 1913), towards the 10th anniversary of the death (December 16, 1999) of Truong Tuu by the Department of Literature, Hanoi University of Education in November 2018, there is a large number of attending literary researchers in the North: Phan Ngoc, Ha Minh Duc, Nguyen Dinh Chu, Phuong Luu, Phan Trong Luan, Nguyen Van Hoan, La Nham Thin, Lai Nguyen An, Nguyen Van Long, Tran Dang Suyen, Tran Dinh Su, La Khac Hoa, Nguyen Thi Binh The conference yearbook focused on directions: critical theory, novel writing, memories, posthumous manuscript of Truong Tuu, etc After that, the association of writers restored the association and organized the Celebration of Truong Tuu's 100-year birth anniversary in November 2013 In addition, the conference named "The experiments of my pen", the name of Truong Tuu's work was organized by the Hanoi Writers' Association 1.2.2 Tasks of continuous research We inherited the tendency to re-evaluate Han Thuyen under the spirit of Doi moi during the past few decades However, science is extremely, with our limited ability, we found out that there are some matters that need to be further studied deeply as follows: General about Han Thuyen, in order to see the relationship between the whole and the apart is unified but not uniform, first of all, it is necessary to learn more about Han Thuyen group to see the positive and negative factors that can affect these two people; on the other hand, it should not bring any element of Han Thuyen to assign these two people This issue as mentioned before is necessary, is meaningful as a premise and condition for the private assessment of the field of literary criticism as the title of the thesis as implied - Truong Tuu was passionate in applying the new theory at the end of the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century: Marx, Engels, Lenin, S.Freud, H.Taine, etc Thus, people often evaluated him about his ideology and overview So whether Truong Tuu is influenced or not, how much it is affected, then how to apply, especially how to apply the connection of ideology sources together? - Luong Duc Thiep did not go through an up and down life in the new regime, it was considered as a phenomenon that was soon completed However, there is still an evaluation on him in the prerevolutionary period, although he was also merited, he was mainly towards the criticism under the general spirit of the Han Thuyen group at that time Thus, our thesis will try to contribute re-evaluation on Luong Duc Thiep under the spirit of innovation, especially on his academic path ideology, about how reaching to the Marxist points with the pros and cons? CHAPTER GENERAL INFORMATION OF HAN THUYEN ROUP 2.1 Background of establishment 2.1.1 Socio-cultural and political background The Han Thuyen group was born under the background of socio-politics: when French colonialists and Japanese fascists invaded, suppressed and exploited Vietnamese people; revolts continued to be broken out The birth of the Communist Party and socio-political cultural activities under the leadership of the Party greatly influenced much on writing at this period 2.1.2 Background of literature That is the appearance of Marxism in general and Marxist cultural ideology in particular And this literary ideology entered into a vibrant academic atmosphere in the year 30s at the beginning of century with a deep voice and influence Since then, literary organizations appeared 2.2 Positive expression of Han Thuyen group 2.2.1 Consideration from family origin Han Thuyen publishing house was formed from the patriotic bourgeois family, Nguyen Xuan Tai as Director, the second male Nguyen Xuan Luong in charge of the accountant, the bridegroom - 11 - Nguyen Te My, currently was unknown in history He professionally wrote about history such as Hai Ba Trung's rise up but he was criticized by Truong Chinh comrade for taking the dialectical materialism, the historical materialism to justify the invasion policy of the Dong Han feudalism", the Trotskyist was against Marxist like that This affected for the whole group, but this is a historical specialty, absolutely impossible to assign this mistake to people at other professionals 2.3.3 Marxist literary critics, but not following Leninists were more or less suspected as Trotskyists Despite that main quantity could be reduced; these are two people, Truong Tuu and Luong Duc Thiep Actually, among above four people, there were also people who studied literature but not in Han Thuyen's period, Truong Tuu and Luong Duc Thiep also not only wrote criticism but also about history and society, evenly composed, especially Truong Tuu However, these two people also have different positions, particularly about destiny, then the approach to the matters in next key chapters is impossible different CHAPTER MAIN LITERARY IDEOLOGY OF TRUONG TUU Considering Vietnam poem and literature (1940) to Vietnam’s literature furniture (1945) of Truong Tuu to draw out the following matters: 3.1 Truong Tuu's literary ideology did not have Trotsky characters, but not also following Leninism 3.1.1 Truong Tuu's literary ideology did not have Trotsky characters In the literature and revolution (1923), Trotsky argued that the 12 proletariat rose up revolution not only for demolishing a ruling class, but also abolishing all classes, so it did not build proletarian literary culture but established literary culture for all humanity In contrast, in Vietnamese's cultural future, Truong Tuu advocated in building background for new culture, revolution, socialism, publication and sciences by the proletariat as the "guideline for all actions" 3.1.2 Truong Tuu's literary ideology did not also follow Leninism Lenin advocated that "international culture is not nonnational", but the nationality does not exist in the Vietnam's cultural future Lenin mentioned Party's principles in the art and literature, however Truong Tuu gave out that the New Arts would have a core organization as the New Artists' association, etc which would act without the orders of any party, only at the discretion from the majority of the members" 3.2 The mark of Marxism and S.Freudism in Truong Tuu's literary ideology 3.2.1 The mark of Marxism Not following Leninism, Truong Tuu was devoted to study Marxism In psychology and ideology of Nguyen Cong Tru, after exchanging and learning from domestic and foreign scholars, Truong Tuu concluded: to understand an individual, especially a genius it is necessary to study all social systems in which that individual standing at his scope has been decided by circumstances and fought to counteract that situation From such a documentary survey, it means that the study of dialectical materialism is the highest and most effective scientific method in the modern ideology of human From here, Truong Tuu studied the impact and counter-interaction 13 between the era and class of Nguyen Cong Tru under his psychology and ideology Of course, there were many points which understood Marxism as childish such as the class mainly admitted by him 3.2.2 The mark of S.Freudism and some other psychological theories In the Vietnam's poetry, it proved that Truong Tuu also closely observed the theory of psychoanalysis He did not mention the concept of Freud at the end of the century XIX - the beginning of the century XX while mentioned the change of that concept after 1920; not envisioned by concepts that refer to the state, nature, and scope of psychology, but rather to face directly with people: ego, self, and super-ego He used the concept that artistic writing is just sublimation of sexual memories in forms that cannot criticize morally and legally by thinking of folklore poems such as mat, smoking pipe tobacco, poems of Ho Xuan Huong, etc In unconsciousness, it not only contains the nature of lusting sexuality, but also implicit other grievous dreams and Truong Tuu imagined to Tu Hai's dream of Nguyen Du S.Freud is a massive, complicated ideological system which at the same time, he used many kinds of theories from neuropsychological psychologists such as Morel, Kraplin, Boll, etc then it led to inevitable mistake as inferences about the disease of Nguyen Du and Thuy Kieu 3.2.3 Similarity with Marxism - distraction of attentions, one type of Western Marxism Truong Tuu's cultural and literary ideology before the Revolution did not agree with the party's characters, and underestimated the nationality, obviously it did not follow the Communist Party's Marxism 14 - Leninism, but not against Marxism or fake Marxist Because Marxism-Leninism is just a model, there are other forms, particularly Western Marxism with the characteristic of combining Marxism with modern western ideology Truong Tuu on the basis of sincerely using many views of Marxism, with combination with psychoanalysis, therefore it was very similar to a type of critical theory of Western Marxism, namely Marx-distraction Anyway, not complying with Lenin's principles is still wrong, but Truong Tuu may be the first to show that the critique of Marxist who can still apply appropriately Western modern theory, something has been widely acknowledged until now 3.3 Hypolyte Taine's theory in Truong Tuu's literary ideology 3.3.1 Modifying factors Truong Tuu contacted H.Taine soonest with the three basic concepts: race, milieu, moment but when he was strongly influenced by Marx and Freud, it was impossible not to influence the inherent ones Orginally, race must be translated as race by H.Taine, while Truong Tuu understood as race, then gradually moved to the lineage, bloodline, genetics, etc as analyzing about Nguyen Du, it was likely to add psychoanalysis into that Word for word, moment is the era, H.Taine considered it as "general intellectual and moral situations", but Truong Tuu went deeper into the socio-economic basis, the struggle of forces and social inclination that means complementation and advancement by Marxist methodology 3.3.2 Intact preserved factors Truong Tuu intactly used the principle of analyzing environment 15 (milieu) of H.Taine, through the analysis of the landscape in Nguyen Du's homeland to the comparison of different scene describing ways among The Lu, Lan Khai, Luu Trong Lu, etc 3.4 Quickly overcome mistakes when participating in the revolution and resistance Although not relate to such crimes as had been put, Truong Tuu still had his mistakes and shortcomings During ten years participating in revolution and resistance, it means that Han Thuyen in fact did exist no longer, but actually, it still existed in Truong Tuu by a certain sense Straightly, it is by the action that proved about realization and repairing those mistakes and shortcomings 3.4.1 Actively serve the new regime Truong Tuu was the unique scholar in the Han Thuyen group who was devoted to serving the new regime This allows us to associate that he saw impossible things before the revolution and he had to bring his scientific culture into the general orbit of the revolution under the leadership of Vietnam's Communist party From here, he was determined to devote his efforts to revolution and resistance and was increasingly trusted on two fronts: Culture and Education 3.4.2 From revealing - reflective politics to academics Coming from that basic and overwhelming viewpoint, he was very seriously and honestly to look back on deviant mistakes in works before the revolution Directly using the opinions of Lenin, Le Duan and Truong Chinh, he wrote the work of Kieu story and the era of Nguyen Du, this work was honored national qualities to an unprecedented classic level 16 CHAPTER THE PROCESS OF THEORETICAL LITERATURE REVIEW OF LUONG DUC THIEP Luong Duc Thiep had no other document other than works, so it should be considered by chronological orders to visualize the scholarly pathways of a young scholar who suddenly disappeared in 1945 4.1 Vietnam's poetry (Khue Van publishing house, 1942) 4.1.1 About Vietnam's classical and modern poetry - Luong Duc Thiep ideology that Vietnam's classical poetry was strongly influenced by China's classical poetry, but it was limited to studying poem types of 5-letters and 7-letters He distinguished the difference between the oriental poetry in favor of summarizing Western poetry for analysis; not only pointed out the nature of combining many trends in old poetry, but also showed that the division into poetic trends was only relative, concurrently affirmedthe intimate and deep relationship between poetry and real life with simple, familiar things He pointed out the restrictive causes that prevented the development of Vietnam's poetry in the past He focused on studying a number of typical Vietnam's poem types such as six-eight type He also pointed out the transformation of Vietnam's poetry form from six-eight type to festival songs - In the process of studying Vietnam's modern poetry, Luong Duc Thiep showed the influence of French poetry on Vietnam's poetry First of all, it was the appearance of a team of professional poets such as Tan Da, The Lu, Xuan Dieu, Huy Can, Nguyen Binh, Han Mac Tu, etc These poets all have a deep sense of poet's vocation, the position and mission in the poetry 17 In this period, Vietnam's poetry had made a new progress, developed outstandingly in both quality and quantity On the other hand, he also pointed out the birth of different poetic trends in Vietnam's modern poetry At each trend, he pointed out the advantages and limitations through typical representative poets: The Lu, Xuan Dieu, Huy Can and Vu Hoang Chuong With Luong Duc Thiep, new poetry was not only a new romantic poetry movement, but also this movement also had its limitations Of course, he could not avoid the incorrect evaluation as an unequal review to the poetry of To Huu, and not yet seeing the beauty in the poetry of Nguyen Binh, Luu Trong Lu, etc 4.1.2 Issues related to the general characteristics of the poetry - Luong Duc Thiep determined a quite correct and completed definition of poetry; affirmed the relationship between the emotional source and the expressing material, between the poet's soul and subjects He also distinguished between the content of poetry and the content of other sciences From there, he deduced about the value of poetry, about the meaning of poetry's existence in the time and space - Luong Duc Thiep also focused on expressing his concept of "purely" poetry: "In terms of pure poetry, Tang poetry was still worthy of the model, because it is a complete harmony between the soul and things, completed symmetry of character and poetry” In the extreme sense, he borrowed Nguyen Xuan Sanh's poetry to analyze with all its advantages and disadvantages - Luong Duc Thiep also spent a large capacity for affirming the principles of writing poems such as "Connecting the sympathy between things and the poet's soul"; "Sensorizing or concretizing emotions and ideas"; "Symbolizing things and ideas", etc 18 To love Vietnam's poetry more and more, we cannot stop understanding about Vietnamese society and history Perhaps that is why he took the time to write Vietnam's society and Vietnam's evolutionary history This was relatively qualified to address the relationship between literature and society under Marxist's viewpoints 4.2 Literature and society (Literary society, 1944) 4.2.1 For the social reflection and class nature of the literature Luong Duc Thiep affirmed that literature is a form of human's consciousness which must originate from society: No matter how sublime a work is, it is not the work of an individual's creation The historic evolution cherished, conceived and then developed it, helped it grow up then either pushed it to death under the constant progress of humanity However, the society always has conflicts and class struggle, so literature also imprinted the class inside it 4.2.2 Classification analysis of Vietnam's modern literature Luong Duc Thiep divided Vietnam's modern literature into five trends, but focused on analyzing the bourgeois and subbourgeois trends Regarding the bourgeois trend, he saw that they are the most powerful Vietnamese people in the society, live with fully materials, want to be liberally sentimental, especially about love, but they are bind and oppressed by family and feudal doctrine On the sub-bourgeoisie trend, he wrote: The sub-bourgeoisie status is very unstable This situation often causes them to be complicated state of mind that always suffers from struggling between two intense feelings, on the one hand they want to become bourgeois so they aspire to be wealthy and on the other, they are afraid to fall down to be ruffian and horrified the poverty 19 4.3 Art of poetry (Han Thuyen Publishing House, H 1945) 4.3.1 Dig deeper into the social and class characteristics of the poetry Luong Duc Thiep introduced a relatively new definition on instinctive instincts: Even in the discovery of literature that we often think that it is the most quintessential part of human beings, class instincts still appear intact He is also said that the dominance of class and social living conditions made literature have a limited value in the space and time He opposed many idealists and artists with absolute conceptions of poetry, it means about the artistic value of both time and space, both on the class and in the society 4.3.2 Talk more about the emotional content and language form of poetry In terms of the content of poetry, according to Luong Duc Thiep, it is not only the unity but also the transformation of ideology into affection in the poetry: In the field of poetry, philosophical ideology or something must be experienced through a period of growing up in the subconscious mind to transform into emotion After being sentimental, it means to turn into a feeling; those ideologies can be used in creativity Formally when its aspect is poetic, Luong Duc Thiep discovered that it is closely related to polyphonic or mono-lingual language: The form of poetry cannot go beyond the dominance of polyphonic or mono-lingual characters in language Most of the Western poetry often tends to use a lot of terminal rhyme On the contrary, the mono-lingual language is different Each sound has only one idea, one thing By this way of monotony, forms of Chinese and Vietnamese poetry often not use long sentences by the rule of sonority 20 4.3.3 For the prospects of poetry After mentioning many difficulties, negativity and impasse in writing poetry, he found the way to resolve in the future's change, according to scientific socialism, but understanding is still vague and fantastic CONCLUSION Literary criticism work of Han Thuyen group aimed to understand the role and effects of Han Thuyen in Vietnam's modern literature in the period of 1940-1945, and its advantages and disadvantages to building ethical - modern criticism theory nowadays With a full range of literary criticism works of Han Thuyen under the form of contemporary originals or in current collections; with a serious overview of the most selective research situation which the post-renovation period; with common methods such as comparison, analysis, synthesizing, etc especially with two methods of dialectical materialism and historical materialism that are used thoroughly and flexibly related directly to some main contents of the thesis, we carried out researching deeply into many matters and then gave out a brief summary of results in each chapter Based on the above research, the system of three points has been formed relatively completely at the conclusion as follows: The Han Thuyen group has contributed to the development of the country's culture and science, had a positive attitude towards revolution and resistance This is based on guideline of the mission, which is defined as "Honoring national culture and history, against colonial feudalism", most published publications have good quality 21 such as Ethnic origin of Vietnam, Vietnam's historic literature, conceptual literature, etc in which most authors - collaborators followed the revolution However, Han Thuyen is also a very complicated scholarly group; the main reason is the different ideological tendencies of key people There were some people who had patriotism but easy to move; participated in the resistance against the French, but returned to the enemy area such as Nguyen Duc Quynh and Le Van Sieu Some people truly followed Trotsky such as Ho Huu Tuong, Nguyen Te My, etc Some people tended to follow Marxist but wanted to associate with psychoanalysis and not follow Leninism such as Truong Tuu and Luong Duc Thiep The specific field of study is very different, only Truong Tuu and Luong Duc Thiep specialized deeply in the literary criticism correctly in the Han period It is not possible to take mistakes of someone in another field of study, including criticism at another stage to create a general impression, to attach to these two characters Of course, these two characters also wrote about other fields and maybe wrongly but it should not take these mistakes to attach to their criticism works, even it is impossible to unify advantages and disadvantages of these two characters because although they are the closest, they still different from each other In essence, Truong Tuu's literary ideology basically did not make the same mistake to Trotsky's ideology that it must build a literary culture of all humanity, not a proletarian literature On the contrary, in the Vietnam's artistic future, Truong Tuu advocated to build the new art background including four elements: revolution, 22 socialism, science and mass In the process of developing specific contents of these elements, Truong Tu highlighted the pioneering historical roles of the proletariat class in human history However, Truong Tuu made a mistake that he did not mention the party and nationality similarly to Lenin who was thoroughly grasped in the way and art of Vietnam's Communist Party Not following Leninism, Truong Tuu did not oppose Marxism or fake Marxism Because Leninism, in general, Marxism-Leninism is just one type, in addition, Marxism also has many other types, particularly the western Marxism which brought Marxism to combine with modern Western ideology in many schools such as Marxism-distraction, Marxismexistentialism, Marxist-structuralism Truong Tuu followed seriously Marxism, had a fairly comprehensive understanding and used relatively successfully, such as he assumed that not only the circumstances govern people, but people also counteract the situation Of course, there are many aspects of childish understanding as class issues He also combined with S.Freud, there were some correct points but they were mixed with many other psychological theories, so it also led to many misconceptions Anyway, Truong Tuu's method was largely similar to Marxism-distraction in the West In fact, Truong Tuu's literary ideology did not apply the theory of H.Taine but modified by Marxism and psychoanalysis Truong Tuu contacted H.Taine at the earliest time, in the later time, he exposed to two more powerful and modern sources of new theory, it had the effect of rectifying back to the former The race principle of H.Taine originally means race, adding with the temperament, blood, 23 and genetics of S.Freud The moment principle means the total number of circumstances and events but also included Marx's socioeconomic base Only the Milieu principle still remained the same Despite of not relating to crime put by other people, Truong Tuu beside to the inherent contributions, still had mistaken However, it was precious for the next ten years, he actively served the new regime, attempted to reveal and reflect from politics to academics Nobody living in the life does not have mistake, so judging people at the highest standard is to know how to rectify mistakes Of course, other mistakes still have to be criticized, it should not be prejudiced against the old things that they sincerely overcame, so that it is time to correct mistakes, it is also difficult to open mind and clear completely Unlike Truong Tuu, Luong Duc Thiep's talent is not equal to, his name only appeared mainly in the literature for a period of three to four years with the works: Vietnam 's poetry (1942); Vietnam's society (1943); Vietnam historic revolution (1943); Literature and society (1944); Art of poetry (1945), etc In a short time, the field of research was less than Truong Tuu's ones, so Luong Duc Thiep concentrated more and logically Through his researching works, it can be seen that what Luong Duc Thiep was interested in first was Vietnamese poetry However, he had to understand how society and history of Vietnam had to be before basing on a reality Since then, he solved how the relationship between literature and society to illuminate his viewpoints At the end, he returned to evaluating poetry to improve on the general theory level Of course, this was not a closed logic, but also 24 still unfinished, it was promised a continuation if he was still alive Not like Truong Tuu, Luong Duc Thiep wrote five sociological and historical studies mainly about literature Although his studies were inevitable, he is also a critical author to be studied Talking Luong Duc Thiep as a key character of Han Thuyen but it was not known exactly when he joined, certainly not from the beginning of 1940 Until his first work was born which was Vietnam's poetry (1942), it was published in another publisher By 1943, Han Thuyen published the Vietnam's society, but not yet in the field of literary criticism, until the end of his life, the poetry criticism work was published by Han Thuyen Anyway, this more or less proves that Luong Duc Thiep New Day was closer than Truong Tuu about literary ideology The evidence is that he also criticized Mark and did not mention Lenin and Trotsky He quoted Marx very little and did not particularly relate to S.Freud likely Truong Tu Criticizing him on not following Leninism is completely right, but considering him as Trotskit has not had any concrete evidence at least in the field of literary criticism Talking that he used Marxism mechanically, vulgarly and childishly is true, but saying that he countered Marxist or fake Marxist is not enough to be proved It is said that he increasingly closed to Truong Tuu, of course both in terms of advantages and disadvantages, it also allows us to believe that if he did not die early, there would have possibility that he would reveal and reflect likely Truong Tuu to serve the new regime, to join the revolution and the resistance 25 LIST OF AUTHOR’S PUBLISHED SCIENTIFIC WORKS Ngo Thi Thu Huong (2017), "The academicpath of Luong Duc Thiep", Scientific Journal of Hanoi National University of Education - Social Science, (62), pp.55-62 Ngo Thi Thu Huong (2017), "Tenyears of activelyserving new regime, sincerelyrevealing and reflectingfrompolitics to academiscs", Forum of Vietnam's Art, (271), pp.22-28 Ngo Thi Thu Huong (2017), "Reading Vietnam's Society fromearlyperiod to modern of Luong Duc Thiep (edited by Nguyen Manh Tien), Journal of LiteraryStudies, (No September) ... time Immediately in the Literature Dictionary (the old one in 1983), Han Thuyen section written by Nguyen Hoanh Khung also followed that stance 1.1.2 Opinions has both criticism and confirmation... accompanying by an opening research on culture, prose and criticism Young doctors such as Nguyen Manh Tien, Doan Anh Duong republished almost works of Luong Duc Thiep This work laid a good foundation for... influenced by China''s classical poetry, but it was limited to studying poem types of 5-letters and 7-letters He distinguished the difference between the oriental poetry in favor of summarizing