Study the solid wastes management model in rural area a study in ninh hiep commune, gia lam, ha noi

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PHAM HONG THANH STUDY THE SOLID WASTES MANAGEMENT MODEL IN RURAL AREA: A STUDY IN NINH HIEP COMMUNE, GIA LAM, HA NOI BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Major: Faculty: Batch: Full-time Environmental Science and Management International Training and Development Center 2012- 2016 Thai Nguyen, 15/09/2016 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Pham Hong Thanh Student ID DTN1253180029 Thesis Title Study the solid wastes management model in rural area: a study in Ninh Hiep commune, Gia Lam, Ha Noi Supervisor Nguyen Huu Tho, PhD, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Abstract: One major challenge faced by Ninh Hiep is dealing with the enormous amount of solid waste generation, especialy solid waste from craft village A suitable collection models are considered on important factors in order to reduce the burden on the environment as well as collecting and handling solid waste arisesing efficiency This study was conducted to study on a model for collecting solid wastes in Ninh Hiep commune , which was suitable to its practical conditions The main results were concerned with the volumes and components of solid waste generation in Ninh Hiep as a rural commune in the process of innovation and development, current situations in collecting and manager solid waste generated i Keywords Solid waste, Model, Waste collection, Managerment Number of Pages 50 Date of Submission 15/09/2016 Supervisor’s signature ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis has been greatly conducted from the support as well as assistance of many people whom I wishes to extend her grateful appreciation to the following people for their valuable contribution in order to make this research possible Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor: Msc Nguyen Huu Tho for his enthusiasm, patience, knowledge and immense He provided me his invaluable useful comments, remarks, encouragement and engagement through the learning process of this graduated thesis I would like to express sincere thanks to the school board Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of International Training and Development; Advanced Education Program, thank the teachers that have imparted to me the knowledge and valuable experience during the process of learning and researching here My thanks send to employees, officers in Gia Lam urban environment enterprise for their support and assistance My special thanks to Ms Huynh Thi Thu Hien - vice president of Gia Lam urban environment enterprise for her suggestions, guidance and interested me during my internship My sincere thanks also go to the sanitation wokers of Binh Minh company for their help me to take my observation iii I also want to thank to my university friends for helping me and their friendship I would like to express my deep gratitude and motivation to my parents, my family and for their encouragement throughout my studies Ultimately, in the process of implementing the project, due my time and research levels are limited so this project is inevitable shortcomings So, I would like to receive the attention and feedback from teachers and friends to this thesis is more complete I sincerely thank you! Pham Hong Thanh iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale 1.2 Research question and Hypothesis 1.3 Objectives of the study 1.4 Limitations 1.5 The significance of research PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 2.1.1 Overview of Waste Definitions 2.2 Environmental pollution caused by solid waste 13 2.3 The status of solid waste management in some countries around the world and in Vietnam 17 PART III METHODS 21 v 3.1 Material 21 3.2 Method 21 PART IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24 4.1 The status of solid waste generation 24 4.1.1 Original source of solid waste generation 24 4.1.2 The current status of solid waste in Ninh Hiep commune 25 4.1.3 The status of separation, recycling and reuse solid waste 33 4.2 The status of managemental organization 4.2.6 Waste handle 40 DISCUSSIONS 42 PART V CONCLUSIONS 46 REFERENCES 47 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The change in solid waste volume between 2011 and 2016 27 Figure 2: Woker pick and separate some things that can be sold 34 Figure 3: Solid waste managerment model in Ninh Hiep 35 Figure 4: Sanitation worker pull the trash barrel go to transfer station 37 Figure 5: Solid waste collection in Ninh Hiep 38 Figure 6: Sanitation workers were loading garbage 40 Figure 7: The composition of composting fertilizer from house hold solid waste in 2015 41 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Component table of some basic gas emissions in landfill 14 Table 2: Solid waste samples 23 Table 3: Solid wastes generated from establishment sources 24 Table 4: The volume of solid waste collection in diferent communes in 2012 25 Table 5: The monthly average volume of solid waste in the first month from 2011 to 2016 in Ninh Hiep 26 Table 6: The amount of solid waste collected in Ninh Hiep commune in months of 2016 28 Table 7: The composition percentage of solid waste from household 29 Table 8: The composition percentage of solid waste from market 30 Table Ninh Hiep's solid waste composition in 2015 31 Table 10: Collection and transport systems in Ninh Hiep 39 viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation Meaning BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BOD5 Biochemical oxygen demand ratio COD Chemical oxygen demand CPC Commune people’s committee LEP Law of environmental protection MARD Ministry of agriculture and rural development MONRE Ministry of natural resources and environment MPI Ministry of planning and investment TOC Total organic carbon URENCO Urban environment company WB World Bank ix 4.2.3 Waste collection process - Waste collection in lanes and alleys: From 15pm to 21pm Workers carry away to gather waste in alleys and lanes from the alley go to the street, dividing labor into each locality - Workers push dumpster trolley in order to collect solid waste, ring the bell as a signal to notify people to bring refuse to the dump Each households, Workers stopped to wait minutes, then workers swept and collected garbage in along side of the alley In the collecting process, workers collected the garbage bags on either side of the road, supporting the elderly, children to throw garbage on the truck At the same time collecting the garbage scattered before the move - For the area where put fixed dumpster trolley (got the agreement with CPC and villages) workers rang the bell to notify people bring garbage to the dump - For the trunk road: Workers must carry collection combined with sweep the road, collect garbage dump to ensure environmental sanitation with the frequency of days / times - Every day workers of the limited liability company go to fabric production household and fabric bussiness household to collect rags (only collect rags were packed) and then transfer to processed 4.2.4 Waste collection vehicles and the status of collection Each worker will be given to dumpster trolley and the barrel of electric tricycle dumper rest Because of the large distance from the source to gathering places and the large amount of solid waste arise, so the company had invested 38 barrels of electric 36 tricycle dumper which could pull as trolley but after gathering full of rubbish they were placed at the location had been agreed and consented by CPC Driver of electric tricycle came to return barrels to the gathering places in order to reduce time transfer from source to gathering place Figure 4: Sanitation worker pull the trash barrel go to transfer station Each sanitation workers was invested dumpster trolley and barrel of electric tricycle dumper Barrels of electric tricycle dumper were bring to collecting points in each village by electric tricycle driver, sanitation workers would collect solid waste to fill up barrels and then electric tricycle driver would pull barels to transfer station Dumpster trolley would be pull by sanitation workers and after collected garbage, sanitation worker drag them go to transfer station 37 Figure 5: Solid waste collection in Ninh Hiep The process of gathering was taken place daily With the volume up to 15 tons/day gathering process is taking place constantly Each worker must be picked up from to barels every day Due to the transit distance from the source to the gathering place is quite far as well as the amount of garbage is quite big so the company has invested electric motorcycles to drag the trash barrel have been filled from the collecting point to the transfer station thereby reducing transit time as well as energy-savings for workers 38 Table 10: Collection and transport systems in Ninh Hiep Frequency The volume of solid waste collected per day (tons) Refuse collected vehicles Villages Collected time Distance of waste collection street (km) The transport distance from collecting points to transfer station (km) Type of colected vehicles Quantity Thon Trash barrel and dumpster trolley Everyday ton/day 14pm22pm 2-3km km Thon Trash barrel and dumpster trolley Everyday ton/day 14pm22pm 2-3km km Thon Trash barrel and dumpster trolley Everyday ton/day 14pm22pm 2-3km km Thon Trash barrel and dumpster trolley Everyday tons/day 14pm22pm 2-3km km Thon Trash barrel and dumpster trolley 18 Everyday 4.5 tons/day 14pm22pm 2-3km km Thon Trash barrel and dumpster trolley Everyday tons/day 14pm22pm 2-3km 1.5 km Thon Trash barrel and dumpster trolley 12 Everyday tons/day 14pm22pm 2-3km km Thon Trash barrel and dumpster trolley Everyday ton/day 14pm22pm 2-3km km Thon Trash barrel and dumpster trolley Everyday ton/day 14pm22pm 2-3km 1.5 km 39 4.2.5 Waste loader station Solid waste was picked up and pressed in transfer stations ( School, Phu Dien market, transfer station was invested by Ninh Hiep’s CPC) All these point are placed outside residential areas to ensure no impact to the people Time pressed garbage was around 9pm, and then the garbage truck of Gia Lam urban environment Enterprise transported to Nam Son landfill to handle Figure 6: Sanitation workers were loading garbage 4.2.6 Waste handle Solid waste transported to the Nam Son landfill which would be separated into organic waste and inert waste - Organic waste was put into incubation tank to made up of organic compost that can be used for crops - Inert waste was tranfer to the dump to bury 40 Figure 7: The composition of composting fertilizer from house hold solid waste in 2015 The pie chart describe the composition of composting fertilizer was composted from Ninh Hiep’s solid waste Overall, the fertilizer contains many components beside organic composition Composting fertilizer obtained high quality when it had the largest organic component and little or no other ingredients In this case, the percentage of organic was 76 %, while the propotion of plastic, rags and other were big obtained over 30% Base on graph, solid waste was unsorted thoroughly before put into the composting, causing huge waste of product output as low fertilizer quality 41 - DISCUSSIONS Along with the development of the social economy, the human life in this commune change significantly, follow by the increase demand for morden life Environmental sanitation become big problem in this area The volume of solid waste arising everyday in Ninh Hiep is too large, however, Gia Lam URENCO associated with Ninh Hiep CPC and Binh Minh company in collection and managerment of solid waste arising Solid waste currently collected in the commune with the average of 17 to 25 tones per day Almost of the solid waste was collected by sanitation workers of Binh Minh company But there are still backlog of small amounts of waste in some places cause by human littering In addition, although rags were collected separately, in the volume of domestic waste collected, however, there were always a large volume of rags Gia Lam urban environment enterprise is URENCO structure managed by District People's Committee This company take the responsibility on waste collection, transport and disposal So waste management model in Ninh Hiep commune deployed in sync from the service organization, the gathering organization, sorting, waste disposal and implement the policy on waste management The technical solution proposed is based on the current requirements, economic conditions, existing social and environmental companies to ensure the criteria: simple, easy operation, maximum waste volume collecting Minimize the negative impact to the environment Operational procedures for waste management model occurs smoothly, participatory monitoring and management of 42 the Ninh Hiep’s CPC, Gia Lam URENCO and executed directly by a 3rd Stakeholder which is Binh Minh environmental services join stock company to ensures that the collection and transportation of solid waste takes place properly, efficiently, and achieve maximum performance The rate of solid waste collected daily are achieving high efficiency close to 97% Local environmental sanitation situation was changing significantly, household waste was transported to landfill everyday, Waste from craft villages was collected and treated separately The main roads in the commune were maintained to ensure sanitation, urban beauty, the alleys were no longer backlog of garbage With the participation of the Binh Minh environmental services join stock company along the village's interest which had contributed to improve the consciousness of the majority of the people in keeping the overall sanitation The advantages - The interest and guide of village leaders with experience and enthusiasm of the staff of Binh Minh environmental service join stock company and also the interest of the village leaders so that the environmental sanitation activities on this area reached good results - Environmental sanitation works were responded by the majority of people as well as enhanced responsible awareness in the environmental protection The process of sorting rubbish at source was interested by households, production facilities and people obtained aware of the sort of organic waste and Inert waste However that figure was small, 43 furthermore should be encouraged, as well as advocacy for the people on the benefits of sorting solid waste at the source - Sanitation workers were trained, experienced and really tried to learn to improve the experience, and complete the assigned work The difficulty - Some people were still lack of awareness in paying fees for sanitation charges, Paid not true regulation, especially the production and business households It did big influence to maintain environmental sanitation by not ensuring sufficient funding for the implementation of organizational units - A majority of people still did not have the habit of dumping garbage on time and right place regulations, not participating sanitation fee This was cause of a lot difficulties in the work of gathering of workers and causing loss of urban landscape - Currently Solid waste from craft village in Ninh Hiep commune still was pressing issues in the commune There were no collection and handling instructions thoroughly environmental sanitation Mostly, rags were collected by a facility and burned in incinerators have air filtration systems But the system was still rudimentary, the amount of gas was not yet thoroughly filtered discharged to the environment A part of people, households, manufacturing litter not the right place - Construction waste was not yet put in management led to people dump waste indiscriminately in public place cause to unhygienic environment 44 - The main route on yet have funding to maintain scanning middlemen, held on garbage regularly to ensure environmental hygiene - The volume of larger solid waste generation, causing pressure to the collection due to the limitation on financial sources and manpower Sometimes the amount of garbage generated too large led to not enough trash barrel to collect waste as the cause of the garbage backlog in some places - The work of waste separation at source has not been widely implemented, most people were not aware of their responsibility to classify the garbage at home Recommendation - Encourage people to form the habit of sorting waste at home into separate composition such as organic waste, inert waste Ninh Hiep CPC should coordinate Binh Minh company and Gia Lam URENCO in making plans for regulations on solid waste sorting at source - Continue take the coordination between implementing agencies and Ninh Hiep CPC to propagandize and mobilize local people dumping garbage on time and at the prescribed places - Sorting components thoroughly before putting them into the treatment - Planning to handle agriculture solid waste 45 PART V CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed that rate of domestic solid waste and solid waste from craft village generation in Ninh Hiep village is huge That number is increasing along with the development of the local economy However, the management and garbage collection model here have reduced environmental pollution pressure caused by solid waste Today with the development of socioeconomic, the demand for appliances, living necessities as well as food are increasing more and more As a matter of course, a large amount of waste generation is inevitable People are more difficult to avoid the influence of environmental pollution if having no treatment measures to handle solid waste generation daily This study assess the status of solid waste generation in the Ninh Hiep commune, and the effectiveness of the solid waste collection and management With the involvement of stakeholders in the collection, management and maintenance of environmental sanitation has contributed to reducing the risk of pollution levels in this area Moreover, it requires all people should be aware of community responsibility in sanitation work Finally to take reasonable and comprehensive solution for environmental sanitation, it need to have deeper research and constantly to have the reviews, catch the things to change so that further improve the models of solid waste management in rural areas 46 REFERENCES Binh Minh Company (2015) Environmental Sanitation Report in Ninh Hiep Commune Ha Noi Binh Minh Company (2016) Evaluation of the current State in the first months HaNoi Blacksmith Institute, & Green Cross Switzerland (2013) THE WORLDS TOP TEN TOXIC THREATS IN 2013 Retrieved 17, 2016, from http://www.worstpolluted.org/docs/TopTenThreats2013.pdf Chalmin, P (2012) From waste to resources Paris: Cyclope Institute Chan, E., Gooi, H., & So, P (2012) Strait Ahead Singapore Chi, D K (2011) The situation of rural solid waste and the solutions Institute of Science and Environmental Engineering, Hanoi Polytechnic University, MONRE, HCM Chinh, V., Phu, N., & Cu, L (n.d.) 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DTN1253180029 Thesis Title Study the solid wastes management model in rural area: a study in Ninh Hiep commune, Gia Lam, Ha Noi Supervisor Nguyen Huu Tho, PhD, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and... and hazardous solid waste (MONRE, 2011) Rural solid waste as in solid form discharged from trading activities, manufacturing, services, people living in rural areas Rural solid waste arise mainly