Study on growth and development of some potential tomato lines in winter spring season in gia lam ha noi

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY ••&•• UNDERGRADUATE THESIS STUDY ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOME POTENTIAL TOMATO LINES IN WINTERSPRING SEASON IN GIA LAM - HANOI Supervisor : PhD.VU QUYNH HOA Department : HORTICULTURE AND LANDSCAPING Student : DO THI TOAN Class : K61KHCTT Student code : 611645 HA NOI - 2021 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the process of completing this graduation thesis, in addition to my own efforts, I also received a lot of attention and help from many teams and individuals First of all, I would like to express my sincere and deep gratitude to PhD Vu Quynh Hoa - teacher of the Department of Horticulture and Lanscaping for direct guidance, enthusiastic guidance and creating all conditions for me to complete report I would like to express my sincere thanks to the teachers in the Department of horticulture and lanscaping Faculty of Agriculture, Vietnam Academy of Agriculture for helping, guide me during my studies at school Finally, I would like to sincerely thank my relatives and friends who have wholeheartedly helped and encouraged me in the learning process as well as completing the report I sincerely thank! Hanoi, February 26th , 2021 Student i DECLARATION I declare that the thesis is the result of my own research The data and results mentioned in this thesis are honest and not used in any published thesis, dissertations, and scientific research projects previously I hereby commit that the information cited in the thesis ensuring cited as prescribed I bear full responsibility for these reassurances Hanoi, February 26th , 2021 Student ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i DECLARATION ii Table iii ABSTRAC iv I INTRODUCTION 1.1 THE IMPERATIVENESS OF THE THESIS 1.2 OBJECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS 1.2.1 Objectives 1.2.2 Requirements II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 ORIGIN, AND CLASSIFICATION OF TOMATO 2.1.1 Origin 2.1.2 Classification 2.2 BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS 2.2.1 Root 2.2.2 Stem 2.2.3 Leaves 2.2.4 Flower 2.2.5 Fruit 2.2.6 Seed 2.3 REQUIREMENTS ON ECOLOGICAL FACTORS FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOMATO PLANTS 2.3.1 Light 2.3.2 Temperature 2.3.3 Water 2.3.4 Soil iii 2.4 NUTRITION, MEDICINE AND ECONOMY 2.4.1 Nutrition 2.4.2 Medicine 2.4.3 Economy 2.5 THE STATUS OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF TOMATO IN THE WORLD AND IN VIETNAM 2.5.1 The status of tomato production and consumption in the world Figure 2.1 Situation of tomato production in the world and in regions 10 2.5.2 The status of tomato production and consumption in Vietnam 12 2.6 SOME STUDIES OF TOMATOES IN THE WORLD AND VIETNAM 13 2.6.1 Some studies of tomatoes in the world 13 2.6.2 Some studies of tomatoes in Vietnam 15 III MATERIALS AND METHODS 18 3.1 Materials 18 3.2 Experimental site and time 18 3.3 Methods 19 3.4 Experiment observation 20 3.4.1 Growth and development stage in the field 20 3.4.2 Evaluating the morphology, plant structure of tomato 20 3.4.3 Flowering characteristics 20 3.4.4 Criterion on fruit morphology and quality 21 3.4.5 Evaluating yield and yield contributes 21 3.4.6 Assessment the level of infection with some pests and diseases in the field 21 3.4.7 Statistical analysis method 22 IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 23 4.1 Time of growth and development 23 iv 4.1.1 Time of growth in the nursery 23 4.1.2 Growth time of tomato cultivars 25 4.2 Morphological and vegetative characteristics of plants 27 4.2.1 Stem 27 4.2.2 Leaf 30 4.2.2.1 Length and width of leaves of tomato plants 32 4.2.2.2 Morphological and vegetative characteristics of the leaf 34 4.2.3 Fruit 36 4.2.4 Fruit quality 38 4.3 Yield and yield components 41 4.4 Diseases 42 V CONCLUSIONS 45 VI SUGGESTION 45 REFERENCE 46 v TABLE OF FIGURE AND TABLE Figure Figure 2.1 Situation of tomato production in the world and in regions 10 Table Table 2.1 The situation of tomato production of some leading countries in the world in 2020 11 Table 2.2: The status of tomato production in Vietnam 12 Table 4.1: Time and percentage of seed germination 23 Table 4.2: Percentage of tomato plant alive 24 Table 4.3: Growth time of tomato cultivars 25 Table 4.4: Height of plant after transplanting 27 Table 4.5: The number of branch of tomato plant 29 Table 4.6: The number real leaves of tomato plant 31 Table 4.7: length of leave tomato plant 32 Table 4.8: Width of leave tomato plant 33 Table 4.9: Morphological and vegetative characteristics of the leaf 35 Table 4.10: Morphological and vegetative characteristics of the fruit of tomato 37 Table 4.11: Fruit quality of tomato plant 39 Table 4.12: Yield and yield components of tomato plant 41 Table 4.13: Diseases incidence of tomato plant 42 iii ABSTRAC The main objective of this study is to evaluate the growth ability and yield of tomato cultivars during winter-spring season 2020–2021 in Gia Lam, Ha Noi A total of eighteen cultivar treatments were used, namely V13, V14, V19, V20, V21, V26, V29, V22, V30, V31, V32, VG8C, VG8N, V10, V11, VA, V14DB, V27 The field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications Ten plants per replication were examined To be able to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of tomato strains, it is necessary to have research methods, that is to observer relevant indicators of growth and development, including: the development stages of the plant, growth dynamics in terms of height, number of leaves, length and width of leaves Yield characteristics such as fruiting rate, and factors constituting yield So can calculate the individual productivity of the tomato cultivars Continue to monitor the morphological characteristics and fruit quality From there, make a table, compare with the lines in the research group to produce the results By monitoring and evaluating the whole process as well as from the results obtained, V19, V22, V30, V32, VG8N have actual yield ranging 4.008 to 2.61 kg/m2 The Brix degree of high fruit quality ranges from 5.8 to 7.5 Bx Therefore, these cultivars can be considered as promising for tomato breeding and cultivation in next crops iv I INTRODUCTION 1.1 THE IMPERATIVENESS OF THE THESIS Vegetables are one of the necessary foods in human daily meals Especially in the current development of science and technology, the market also requires clean products, beautiful designs and good quality The vegetable industry is an important part of agricultural production Currently, tomato is population agricultural product that brings high economic value to our country and is an object to study Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicon Mill) belonging to the Solanaceae family originates in western South America This crop is considered as one of the popular and second most consumed vegetables worldwide after potato In raw red tomatoes, carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals, and other constituents (water, and lycopene) that support human health are found On the other hand, tomato is widely consumed as a raw vegetable or processed products It is usually used to make a salad with other leafy vegetables and in sandwiches It can be fried, stewed, and baked alone or in combination with other vegetables It is an essential ingredient in pasta, hamburgers, pizzas, hot dogs, and other foods In addition to the nutritional value, tomatoes also have medicinal values: the pulp helps digestion, laxative, promotes stimulates gastric secretion and dialysis, intestinal disinfection, ulcers, mouth pain Tomato juice stimulates the liver, keep stomach and intestines in good condition Young leaves of tomatoes, crushed on pimples twice a day will heal Tomatine substance extracted from dried tomato leaves has antimicrobial, anti-fungal, and anti-fungal effects In Vietnam, tomatoes are one of the oldest plants about over 100 years used as either a main fruit or a vegetable crop Until present, it has been a crop prioritized for development in domestic agriculture According to the statistics in 2013, the cultivation area was about 23.91 thousand hectares and mainly spread in the Red River Delta area such as Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Hai Duong, Thai Binh, Hung Yen, Bac Giang, Nam Dinh… In recent years, in our country, tomatoes are not only grown in the winter (main season) but also in the early season (Autumn-Winter), late season (Winter-Spring) and Spring-Summer season This is an important technical and technological step forward in the tomato industry, which is both meaningful in solving off-season vegetables and improve economic efficiency for producers However, in Vietnam, tomato production still has many shortcomings, such as not having enough varieties for production, not having good varieties for each crop and suitable for different ecological regions Following the fact mentioned above, we a research on: “Study on growth and development of some potential tomato lines in winterspring season in Gia Lam – Hanoi.” 1.2 OBJECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS 1.2.1 Objectives - Evaluation the agronomical and morphological features concerning the growth time, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit of tomato varieties - Based on the valuation, select the preeminent lines, high yield, good agricultural-biological characteristics, have disease resistance and adaptation to environmental conditions 1.2.2 Requirements - Measure agronomic characters: plant height, number of nodes from foot to the first flower (node), height from foot to the first flower (cm), plant height (cm), and growth type, leaf (length, width), flower, fruit of tomato - Yield and yield components: number of fruits per plant fruit weight, fruit weight, theoretical yield, actual yield - Measure the level of pests and diseases infestation in the field - Compare some characteristics of growth and development between lines Disease incidence (%) No Name Downy mildew Virus Fusarium Septoria wilt leaf spot Line 6: V26 - 15 55 - Line 7: V29 33.33 - - - Line 8: V22 - - - - Line 9: V30 3.3 - - - 10 Line 10: V31 30 - - - 11 Line 11: V32 43.33 3.3 - - 12 Line 12: VG8C 16.66 10 - - 13 Line 13: VG8N 20 3.3 - - 14 Line 14: V10 - - - - 15 Line 15: V11 - - - - 16 Line 16: VA - 14.28 - 42.85 - - - - 17 Line17:V14DB 18 Line 18: V27 23.33 - - - 19 Line 19: Graft tomato - - - - (-) no diseases Disease is an important factor, significantly reducing the yield and quality of tomatoes Some serious diseases in tomato appeared and their level was recorded (Table 4.13) From the flowering to harvesting stage, the downy mildew occurs with high intensity At the same time, heavy rain and humid air temperature also cause tomatoes downy mildew downy mildew was observed for the lines, from level 3.3% (line 9) to level 43.3% (line 11) In addition, there were also some strains that were unaffected, such as line 4, line 5, line 6, line 8, line 15, line 16, 43 line 17, line 19 graft tomato virus was present in line 6, line 11, line 12, line 13 and line 16 however, due to early control measures, it is not spread to other lines Fusarium wilt was found only in line with serious level 55% and was controlled by spray Validacin Similarly, Septoria leaf spot was detected only in line 16 with a level of 42.85% 44 V CONCLUSIONS The experiment of tomato cultivars was used to evaluate the agronomical and morphological features concerning the growth time, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit The results show that there is a significant difference in all indicators of some cultivars Three tomato cultivars (line 8, line and line 3) show highest actual yield performance compared with the others However, brix of line only 4.63 and taste is sour, need be studied more Line and line have brix degree is 5.8 Bx and 6.1 Bx is two lines sweet From the above result showed line and line are prospective lines suitable for research and production in the next crops Tomatoes grow and develop well in the winter-spring season 9/ 18 lines were downy mildew, but only two lines have serious level disease and the other line has low level, so it didn't affect growth, development and the yield of the strains Experimental results show that early pest control is very important for plants VI SUGGESTION It is necessary to continue to experiment and evaluate more varieties to be able to find many good traits, serving research and in life Bringing experiments at different seasons and different ecological regions to be able to fully assess the growth characteristics of each variety Continue to collect more tomato varieties to enrich the seed set and serve the breeding work 45 REFERENCE According to The Thi Dieu Nguyen & Truong Thi Hong Hai (2017) FIELD EVALUATION OF AGRONOMIC PARAMETERS OF PROMISED- INTRODUCED TOMATO CULTIVARS (Solanum Lycopersicon Mill) IN WINTER-SPRING SEASON 2016–2017 IN THUA THIEN HUE, VIETNAM According to Nguyen Ngoc Thanh Tra (2014) Nghiên cứu trình sinh trưởng, phát triển suất, phẩm chất giống cà chua trái nhỏ điều kiện sinh thái thành phố Đà Nẵng According to Nguyên Thuy Ha (2007) Ảnh hưởng gốc ghép đến suất khả chống bệnh với cà chua vụ đông xuân sớm năm 2007 Thái Nguyên Accordig to Trần Thị Ba Phạm Thanh Phong (2010) Effect of off-season grafted tomato cultivation in Haugiang province According to Tạ Thu Cúc (2004) Kỹ thuật trồng cà chua NXB Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội According to Tạ Thu Cúc, Hồ Hữu An, Nghiêm Thị Bích Hà (2000) Giáo trình rau Nhà xuất nơng nghiệp- Hà Nội According to Tạ Thu Cúc (1985) Khảo sát số mẫu giống cà chua nhập nội trồng vụ xuân hè đất Gia Lâm- Hà Nội Luận án tiến sĩ nông nghiệp According to Jenkin J.A, 1948 “The origin of cultivated tomato”, E Bot.2, pp 379 – 392 According to Pearce BD, Grange RI, Hardwick K 1993a The growth of young tomato fruit I Effects of temperature and irradiance on fruit grown in controlled environments Journal of Horticultural ScienceNo table of figures entries found 10 According to Chu Jin Phing (1994) Processing tomato varietaltral ARC AVRDC Trainning report, p67-68 46 11 According to Morris (1998) Tomatoes vegetable production The Egypitan International Centre for Agriculture (EICA), p42-48 ADDENDUM Analysis data Height of tomato plants 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 LINE$ V13 V14 V19 V20 V21 V26 V29 V22 V30 V31 V32 VG8C VG8N V10 V11 VA V14DB V27 Grafftomato 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 LINE$ V13 V14 V19 V20 V21 V26 V29 V22 V30 V31 V32 VG8C VG8N V10 V11 VA V14DB V27 Grafftomato 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5%LSD 246DF NOS 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 10 10 15 15 SE(N= 14) 5%LSD 246DF SE(N= NOS 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 10 10 15 15 14) VARIATE 10D 20D 30D 40D 50D 60D 70D GRAND MEAN (N= 265) NO OBS 265 32.934 265 56.368 265 73.893 265 114.40 265 132.97 265 142.89 265 155.71 10D 33.7133 34.4533 33.0467 32.5067 31.0600 32.8600 32.0133 34.1800 34.0267 35.5000 33.9733 34.2933 33.4133 33.5900 33.2133 38.4600 35.4400 32.5667 20.3000 20D 52.6467 55.0067 65.2267 62.4000 50.4400 65.9000 42.1133 56.2200 56.1533 62.8667 60.5067 68.3067 56.6000 63.8800 58.1200 51.9700 59.7300 60.1667 28.0667 30D 76.2667 68.5933 80.1333 79.2667 71.5333 78.2000 54.0667 83.2000 67.8000 77.6667 81.1000 85.5333 72.7333 86.9400 81.7333 68.8000 73.7000 81.6000 39.1267 40D 119.733 126.133 129.533 117.267 123.933 114.500 72.8000 120.733 124.067 105.267 120.133 130.267 126.800 136.000 122.133 100.600 136.600 104.267 52.8667 0.674842 1.87955 2.64508 7.36702 3.46305 9.64520 5.16179 14.3765 50D 139.933 145.267 154.267 140.600 137.000 135.900 87.4000 133.267 142.800 125.333 136.933 152.600 144.200 155.600 138.467 125.500 151.500 119.800 72.3333 60D 152.800 158.533 170.333 155.333 148.000 147.300 97.2667 140.600 151.533 136.800 147.067 162.333 151.733 162.200 145.867 132.600 157.000 126.933 79.8000 70D 164.400 171.533 181.000 169.800 156.000 157.800 172.400 150.400 160.533 144.733 155.600 171.200 159.867 168.600 153.200 140.500 162.100 133.467 87.3333 4.88169 4.93935 17.4223 13.5964 13.7570 48.5242 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |LINE$ SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 4.1914 3.9309 11.9 0.0000 13.302 12.936 22.9 0.0000 16.944 16.406 22.2 0.0000 27.913 26.509 23.2 0.0000 27.646 26.718 20.1 0.0000 28.464 27.574 19.3 0.0000 66.159 65.247 41.9 0.1131 |REP | | | 0.0000 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0098 | | | | 47 Total of braches LINE$ V13 V14 V19 V20 V21 V26 V29 V22 V30 V31 V32 VG8C VG8N V10 V11 VA V14DB V27 Grafftomato NOS 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 10 10 15 15 SE(N= 14) 5%LSD 246DF VARIATE 1M 2M 3M GRAND MEAN (N= 265) NO OBS 265 3.2528 265 6.1019 265 8.1849 1M 3.13333 3.53333 5.06667 3.60000 2.80000 3.10000 3.00000 2.46667 3.46667 4.13333 3.20000 2.73333 4.00000 3.10000 4.53333 1.90000 3.60000 3.00000 1.00000 2M 5.86667 7.20000 7.93333 7.66667 6.33333 5.80000 6.00000 3.93333 6.73333 7.66667 5.46667 4.46667 8.26667 6.90000 7.06667 3.00000 7.50000 4.93333 2.80000 3M 8.66667 9.86667 11.3333 8.60000 8.93333 7.40000 8.80000 6.40000 8.06667 9.00000 8.40000 7.46667 10.0000 8.60000 9.60000 3.70000 9.30000 6.53333 3.60000 0.269300 0.750046 0.356864 0.993928 0.386748 1.07716 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |LINE$ SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 1.3230 1.3027 40.0 0.0000 2.0378 2.0368 33.4 0.0000 2.3435 2.3272 28.4 0.0000 |REP | | | 0.0067 0.3284 0.0576 | | | | Number of real leaves LINE$ V13 V14 V19 V20 V21 V26 V29 V22 V30 V31 V32 VG8C VG8N V10 V11 VA V14DB V27 Grafftomato NOS 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 10 10 15 15 SE(N= 14) 5%LSD 246DF LINE$ V13 V14 V19 V20 V21 V26 V29 V22 V30 V31 V32 VG8C VG8N NOS 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 10D 10.7333 8.66667 8.66667 8.66667 9.40000 9.50000 8.80000 34.6667 8.00000 9.93333 9.60000 10.0667 10.1333 9.50000 9.26667 11.2000 8.80000 10.1333 4.46667 20D 24.4000 18.6667 28.2000 33.5333 29.4000 29.8000 24.1333 26.4000 16.2667 28.7333 27.4667 34.6000 23.0000 28.7000 16.8000 17.0000 22.3000 40.8667 7.13333 30D 31.7333 27.9333 34.7333 39.2667 41.0667 35.7000 29.5333 38.3333 21.1333 35.2667 32.9333 41.4667 35.9333 36.0000 23.5333 21.4000 27.0000 49.9333 10.5333 40D 48.6667 43.0000 49.9333 64.6000 57.7333 54.6000 52.8667 50.4000 38.3333 56.9333 59.4667 62.2000 49.0000 51.5000 38.9333 29.1000 46.8000 67.8000 26.6000 2.44700 6.81533 2.34365 6.52748 2.84199 7.91545 2.66472 7.42170 50D 58.9333 60.0000 87.4667 86.4000 77.7333 65.9000 75.4667 63.4667 56.8667 71.5333 84.6000 86.7333 75.3333 60D 61.8000 62.5333 89.4000 88.4667 79.3333 68.5000 77.8667 66.3333 59.6667 73.8667 87.1333 89.3333 78.1333 70D 63.6000 64.7333 89.8667 89.6000 81.0000 70.0000 79.2000 69.0000 62.0000 75.5333 88.7333 91.0000 79.8000 48 V10 V11 VA V14DB V27 Grafftomato 10 15 10 10 15 15 SE(N= 14) 5%LSD 246DF VARIATE 10D 20D 30D 40D 50D 60D 70D GRAND (N= NO OBS 265 265 265 265 265 265 265 64.3000 54.0000 49.7000 82.8000 83.2000 37.7333 67.1000 57.1333 52.5000 85.8000 85.1333 41.0667 69.0000 58.8667 55.2000 87.2000 87.2667 43.7333 3.62915 10.1078 3.57537 9.95804 3.54300 9.86789 MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |LINE$ |REP | 265) SD/MEAN | | | BASED ON BASED ON % | | | TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | 10.596 10.719 10.555 99.6 0.0000 0.0066 25.177 11.454 10.823 43.0 0.0000 0.0000 32.457 13.602 13.146 40.5 0.0000 0.0001 50.253 14.471 13.853 27.6 0.0000 0.0000 69.883 19.273 18.701 26.8 0.0000 0.0002 72.442 18.915 18.356 25.3 0.0000 0.0002 74.238 18.552 18.007 24.3 0.0000 0.0002 Length of leaves LINE$ V13 V14 V19 V20 V21 V26 V29 V22 V30 V31 V32 VG8C VG8N V10 V11 VA V14DB V27 Grafftomato NOS 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 10 10 15 15 SE(N= 14) 5%LSD 246DF LINE$ V13 V14 V19 V20 V21 V26 V29 V22 V30 V31 V32 VG8C VG8N V10 V11 VA V14DB V27 Grafftomato NOS 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 10 10 15 15 SE(N= 14) 5%LSD 246DF VARIATE 10D 20D 30D GRAND MEAN (N= 265) NO OBS 265 6.1328 265 24.155 265 30.610 10D 7.42667 7.04667 6.72000 5.16000 6.82667 5.69000 5.14000 5.30667 5.27333 7.60667 6.51333 6.00667 5.76667 5.95000 6.45333 7.51000 5.65000 4.96667 5.60000 20D 18.2133 28.9467 23.4513 24.6333 21.7467 37.8000 21.5333 24.3933 30.6867 22.1200 21.2600 24.2800 19.6867 28.0100 27.0267 29.7600 32.1800 20.4867 13.1000 30D 27.5867 35.2667 29.9400 29.3067 28.4133 46.9900 26.8800 31.9267 36.4200 29.9533 25.8600 31.9000 27.0467 34.4800 35.0133 36.4400 38.1000 24.3400 16.9133 40D 32.3867 40.4933 34.5333 32.4533 33.0067 52.0700 32.3733 34.5267 41.2400 33.9733 29.7733 34.8600 32.3400 37.9200 39.8467 39.5600 41.6300 28.7000 22.4667 0.186366 0.519063 1.05986 2.95190 1.25637 3.49921 1.24225 3.45988 50D 35.6000 44.8733 37.9067 36.3400 36.0800 56.1800 36.6667 37.0133 45.0267 37.8333 34.3667 37.7933 36.3933 42.4900 44.0733 45.9900 46.3100 33.4067 33.4000 60D 37.3200 46.1000 38.8333 37.8800 38.0533 58.0900 38.6333 38.9733 46.3267 39.1933 35.5733 38.4200 37.5133 43.8600 45.6867 47.1100 47.2800 34.5867 34.3400 70D 38.6733 47.4600 40.7133 39.4867 39.2733 59.3800 39.7467 39.7800 47.2333 40.0533 36.6800 62.8667 60.2067 45.0000 47.1867 48.0300 48.4200 35.5467 35.7333 1.94598 5.41990 1.91721 5.33976 7.96210 22.1758 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |LINE$ SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 1.0779 0.89847 14.7 0.0000 6.5132 6.4795 26.8 0.0000 7.4703 7.4353 24.3 0.0000 |REP | | | 0.0000 0.0929 0.1054 | | | | 49 40D 50D 60D 70D 265 265 265 265 34.930 39.288 40.660 44.407 7.3346 8.8199 8.7677 29.879 7.2777 8.7801 8.7326 29.920 20.8 22.3 21.5 67.4 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.3661 0.0467 0.1105 0.1267 0.5343 Width of leaves LINE$ V13 V14 V19 V20 V21 V26 V29 V22 V30 V31 V32 VG8C VG8N V10 V11 VA V14DB V27 Grafftomato NOS 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 10 10 15 15 SE(N= 14) 5%LSD 246DF LINE$ V13 V14 V19 V20 V21 V26 V29 V22 V30 V31 V32 VG8C VG8N V10 V11 VA V14DB V27 Grafftomato 10D 5.82000 5.88000 5.15333 3.80667 5.34000 4.56000 3.75333 4.16667 3.96000 6.07333 5.10667 4.76667 4.16667 4.79000 5.14000 5.66000 4.45000 3.69333 4.12000 20D 13.0733 19.3667 16.7000 17.6467 17.3000 33.9800 16.7200 20.5933 21.2000 16.0867 16.8333 17.3667 15.1200 21.8800 18.8800 25.6400 24.2100 15.7933 8.69333 30D 20.6800 24.3400 20.8800 20.7600 20.0933 43.1500 20.8133 26.6733 26.3533 22.7800 21.2733 22.7000 18.6467 26.5200 25.5800 30.4200 28.1400 21.1467 11.8667 40D 25.4933 29.0467 28.0733 24.8533 24.0067 47.7700 22.9333 32.2333 32.0200 26.9933 25.7400 26.0933 24.3133 33.0500 31.2333 36.6100 33.7100 24.1800 17.2000 0.184279 0.513249 1.06726 2.97251 1.14644 3.19303 1.45342 4.04804 50D 28.8133 33.2600 32.4800 29.7000 27.3067 52.1000 29.3267 37.1067 36.7400 31.6533 31.8000 30.6133 28.6067 38.3000 36.0867 40.4900 38.1300 29.2867 21.3400 60D 29.9800 34.4867 33.3733 30.4667 28.5267 52.7700 30.0667 38.1200 37.5733 32.9200 32.7467 31.7733 29.7600 39.1200 37.2133 41.6800 39.3200 30.5933 23.1133 70D 31.2400 35.3733 33.9200 31.8467 29.8200 53.7800 31.0533 39.2133 38.2200 33.6333 34.1267 32.8867 31.1467 40.5300 38.2600 42.2800 40.7600 31.4467 24.9580 1.46180 4.07136 1.40895 3.92417 1.38293 3.85170 NOS 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 10 10 15 15 SE(N= 14) 5%LSD 246DF VARIATE 10D 20D 30D 40D 50D 60D 70D GRAND MEAN (N= 265) NO OBS 265 4.7502 265 18.218 265 23.212 265 28.029 265 32.649 265 33.734 265 34.833 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |LINE$ SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 1.0141 0.86942 18.3 0.0000 6.1173 5.9068 32.4 0.0000 6.9291 6.8370 29.5 0.0000 7.8760 7.7749 27.7 0.0000 7.8998 7.8001 23.9 0.0000 7.6710 7.5708 22.4 0.0000 7.5134 7.4353 21.3 0.0000 |REP | | | 0.0000 0.0001 0.0111 0.0125 0.0132 0.0118 0.0234 | | | | Data of fruit tomato LINE$ V13 V14 V19 V20 V21 V26 V29 V22 V30 V31 NOS 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 15 15 15 SHAPEF 1.72567 1.52629 0.919653 0.994293 0.978909 0.718740 0.952523 1.21094 1.43614 0.987811 LENGTH 4.22000 3.87333 3.29333 3.04000 2.95333 5.29000 3.41333 4.90000 4.00667 3.54000 DIAMETER 2.44667 2.54667 3.58000 3.06000 3.03333 7.37000 3.58667 4.06000 2.79333 3.61333 PULPTH 0.340000 0.400000 0.440000 0.360000 0.360000 0.700000 0.446667 0.560000 0.426667 0.453333 50 V32 VG8C VG8N V10 V11 VA V14DB V27 15 15 15 10 15 10 10 15 SE(N= 14) 5%LSD 232DF LINE$ V13 V14 V19 V20 V21 V26 V29 V22 V30 V31 V32 VG8C VG8N V10 V11 VA V14DB V27 SHAPEF LENGTH DIAMETER PULPTH NOS NOSEED BRIX WEIGH 3.21333 3.06000 3.08000 4.18000 3.89333 6.26000 3.69000 3.18667 3.40000 3.26667 3.28000 2.84000 2.64667 5.07000 2.56000 3.59333 0.400000 0.293333 0.306667 0.500000 0.400000 0.900000 0.400000 0.400000 0.233321E-01 0.740302E-01 0.637061E-01 0.149163E-01 0.650035E-01 0.206249 0.177486 0.415569E-01 NOS 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 10 15 10 10 15 SE(N= 14) 5%LSD 232DF VARIATE 0.945053 0.936532 0.939670 1.47330 1.47573 1.23480 1.44333 0.889251 GRAND MEAN (N= 250) NO OBS 250 1.1499 250 3.7572 250 3.4080 250 0.43520 250 2.7120 250 74.120 250 5.9960 250 33.161 NOS 2.06667 2.00000 2.00000 2.00000 2.00000 15.4000 2.00000 2.26667 2.00000 2.00000 3.00000 2.33333 2.20000 2.00000 2.00000 2.00000 2.00000 3.06667 NOSEED 58.7333 56.5333 70.4000 76.9333 73.1333 57.0000 114.867 75.5333 28.7333 89.9333 67.6667 114.333 120.800 48.2000 30.0000 54.5000 47.4000 119.667 BRIX 5.93333 7.30000 6.10000 6.53333 5.86667 3.60000 4.63333 5.80000 7.50000 5.66667 6.03333 5.53333 5.96667 7.25000 7.40000 4.15000 6.20000 5.53333 WEIGH 13.9060 13.9320 24.2120 15.6293 15.2847 308.158 22.9633 36.4187 16.1073 23.4287 20.3920 17.2867 17.8093 17.4090 14.9533 78.9520 13.5420 21.6540 0.100696 0.280540 4.34571 12.1072 0.163711 0.456099 9.51227 26.5013 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |LINE$ SD/MEAN | BASED ON BASED ON % | TOTAL SS RESID SS | 0.29145 0.29244 25.4 0.0000 0.84214 0.83372 22.2 0.0000 1.0228 1.0201 29.9 0.0000 0.13899 0.13589 31.2 0.0000 2.6414 2.6336 97.1 0.0000 32.806 32.830 44.3 0.0000 1.1425 1.1429 19.1 0.0000 67.167 66.794 201.4 0.0000 |REP | | | 0.8514 0.0302 0.1911 0.0016 0.1755 0.4476 0.4076 0.0909 | | | | 51 Figure Tomato plants after 30 days in the nursery Flowering and fruiting of tomato plants 52 Flower of line 13 Flower of line Flower of line 53 Fruit of line 13 Fruit of line 11 54 Fruit of line 55 Line Virus in tomato plants line 15 Downy mildew 56 Downy Mildew of tomato plants RidomilGoild used to prevent Downy Mildew Validacin 5SL used to prevent Fusarium wilt in tomato plants 57