Evalution of agro biological characteristics of local vietnamese hot pepper germplasm in outumn winter season 2020 in gia lam ha noi

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TITLE: EVALUTION OF AGRO - BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL VIETNAMESE HOT PEPPER GERMPLASM IN AUTUMN - WINTER SEASON 2020 IN GIA LAM - HA NOI Student DOAN LINH HUONG Student code 610033 Class K61KHCTT Supervisor Assoc.Prof.PhD TRAN THI MINH HANG Department Horticulture HA NOI - 2021 CONFIRMATION We confirm that this is our own research The data and results shown in report are realistic and have never published in any other reports We affirm that all the helps during research are acknowledged and reference sources are shown clearly Hanoi, March 2021 Thesis author Doan Linh Huong i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS In performing my undergraduate thesis, it is a successful one I had to take the help and guideline of number of respected persons Foremost, I am deeply grateful to my advisor, Assoc.Prof.PhD Tran Thi Minh Hang, Department of Horticulture - Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture for her help throughout my undergraduate thesis at Vietnam National University of Agriculture Her advice, guidance, professionalism, and understanding of the scientific process have greatly contributed to my learning experience My sincere thanks also go to teachers in the Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, whose encouragement, guidance and inspiration supported me during my studying time at higher education Besides that, I am thankful to my dear classmates, K61KHCTT, for all the time we had in the last four years Last but not least, special thanks are given to my parents for all their help, encouragement and love over the years Thank you very much! Hanoi, March 2021 Thesis author Doan Linh Huong ii CONTENTS CONFIRMATION i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS ii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi ABSTRACT .vi PART I: INTRODUCTION .1 1.1 Rationale of the study: 1.2 The purposes and requirements: PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 ORIGIN AND CLASSIFICATION OF HOT PEPPER ACCESSIONS: 2.1.1 Origin 2.1.2 Classification .4 Botanical characteristics of species in the genus Capsicum 2.2 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF HOT PEPPER ACCESSIONS: 2.3 REQUIREMENT OF HOT PEPPER PLANT ON ENVIRONMETAL CONDITION: 2.3.1.Temperature: 2.3.2.Light 2.3.3.Humidity 10 2.3.4 Soil and nutrition 10 2.3.5 Situation of collection and assessment of hot pepper genetic resources in the world and Vietnam: .11 PART III: MATERIALS AND METHODS 26 3.1 MATERIALS .26 3.2 TIME AND SITE: 26 3.3 RESEARCH CONTENT 27 iii 3.4 DATA PROCESSING METHODS 27 3.5 RESEARCH METHODS: 27 3.5.1 Experimental arrangement method: 27 3.5.2 Evaluation parameters and methods: .27 3.5.3 Planting and caring techniques: .28 PART IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 32 4.1 GERMINATION RATE OF HOT PEPPER ACCESSIONS IN AUTUMN WINTER SEASON 2020 IN GIA LAM - HA NOI: 32 4.2 GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT TIME OF HOT PEPPER ACCESSIONS IN AUTUMN - WINTER SEASON 2020 IN GIA LAM - HA NOI 33 4.3 GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF HOT PEPPER ACCESSIONS IN AUTUMN - WINTER 2020 IN GIA LAM - HA NOI .35 PART V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 54 5.1 CONCLUSION 54 5.2 SUGGESTION 54 REFERENCES 55 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Germination rate of hot pepper accessions grown in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - Ha Noi .32 Table Growth and development period of hot pepper accessions grown in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - Ha Noi 33 Table Height growth rate of hot pepper accessions grown in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - Ha Noi .35 Table Leaves growth rate of hot pepper accessions grown in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - Ha Noi .37 Table Growth characteristics of hot pepper accessions grown in Autumn Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - Ha Noi 40 Table Morphological characteristics of leaves of hot pepper accessions grown in Autumn - Winter season in Gia Lam - Ha Noi .42 Table Flowering, fruiting and individual yield of hot pepper accessions grown in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - Ha Noi 44 Table Morphological characteristics of the fruit of hot pepper accessions grown in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - HaNoi 46 Table Fruit structure of hot pepper accessions grown in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - Ha Noi .47 Table 10 Disease of hot pepper accessions in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - Ha Noi 48 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Beds to planting hot pepper accessions in Autumn – Winter 2020 season 2010 in Gia Lam – Ha Noi 29 Figure Seedlings of Chi2 accession in Autumn – Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam – Ha Noi 30 Figure Manh Ho insecticide to kill Red spider mite .31 Figure Leaf morphology of chili pepper accessions .51 Figure Fruit morphology of chilli pepper accessions 52 Figure Hot pepper plant was damaged Red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) 53 vi ABSTRACT Nine Vietnamese local hot pepper accsessions have evaluated agro biological characteristics in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - Ha Noi When I wrote this undergraduate thesis, all of hot pepper accessions have not yet been red ripe but I can give some information Chi2, Chi3 and Chi4 accessions should be used in hot pepper breeding programs in the future because they had beautiful shape, good growth and development and were not damaged by pest and disease Other hot pepper accessions have moderate growth However, Chi11 was damaged seriously by red spider There were clear different among hot pepper accessions in terms of growing period, growth, flowering and fruit characteristics vi PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale of the study: Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of important fruit vegetable belonging to the genus Capsicum of the Solanaceae family This family consists of several high economic - importance vegetables widely grown in the world In particular, hot peppers are very popular in many countries, including Vietnam Hot peppers contain an impressive list of chemical compounds known to have preventive and health-promoting properties In Vietnam, hot pepper is cultivated nationwide and used for a long time In many places, the farmers keep the seeds of hot peppers from year to year by themself Therefore there are many different local varieties existing in Vietnam Although the productivity is low, these local varieties possessed many valuable traits, such as high pungency, disease resistance and adaptation to local cultivation conditions The collection and evaluation of these local varieties are very important works aiming at exploitation of valuable genetic resources for good hot pepper accession breeding and improvement purpose For many years, the Center for Plant Resources has been collecting, storing and conserving a lot of plant genetic resources, including hot pepper Based on the samples of hot pepper accessions provided by the Plant Resources Center, we conduct research on the topic: “Evaluation of agro-biological characteristics of local Vietnamese hot pepper germplasm in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam Hanoi” 1.2 The purposes and requirements: PURPOSES: - Based on the assessment of agro - biological characteristics of local hot pepper accessions in the Autumn - Winter season 2020, good traits could be found or breeding purpose in order to produce the high-quality hot pepper accessions for production in the Red River delta area - Preserving the genetic resources of local hot peppers at the Faculty of Agronomy, VNUA REQUIREMENTS: - Evaluate the ability of growth, development, pest and disease situation, yield components and yield of local hot pepper accessions - Find out the good traits from local hot pepper germplasm - Multiply and keep the seeds of local hot pepper germplasm Table Morphological characteristics of the fruit of hot pepper accessions grown in Autumn-Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - HaNoi No Accession Attitude Chi2 Erect Color before maturity Green Shape in Sinuation Texture Glossiness Shape in Shape of cross of of longitudinal apex section pericarp surface section Circular Week Smooth Medium Narrow Moderately triangular acute Circular Week Smooth Medium Narrow Moderately triangular acute Circular Week Smooth Medium Narrow Moderately acute triangular Chi3 Erect Green Chi4 Dropping Green Chi5 Erect Green Circular Week Smooth Medium Chi6 Erect Green Circular Week Smooth Medium Chi9 Erect Green Circular Week Smooth Medium Chi10 Erect Green Circular Week Smooth Medium Chi11 Dropping Green Circular Medium Smooth Medium Chi12 Dropping Green Circular Medium Smooth Medium Narrow triangular Narrow triangular Narrow triangular Narrow triangular Narrow triangular Narrow triangular Aspect of calyx Capsaicin in placenta Enveloping Present Enveloping Present Enveloping Present Moderately acute Enveloping Present Moderately acute Moderately acute Moderately acute Enveloping Present Enveloping Present Enveloping Present Moderately acute Moderately acute Enveloping Present Enveloping Present 46 From the results in table shows: - Chi2, Chi3, Chi5, Chi6, Chi9, Chi10 have attitude are erect and Chi4, Chi11, Chi12 are dropping - The color before maturity of hot pepper accession are green - Shape in cross section (at level of placenta) of all hot pepper accession are circular - Sinuation of pericarp of Chi11 and Chi12 is medium and the remaining accessions are week - All texture of surface of nine hot pepper accessions have a medium glossiness - All shape in longitudinal section of nine hot pepper accessions are narrow triangular - Shape of apex of nine hot pepper accession are moderately acute - All of hot pepper accession present capsaicin in placenta Table Fruit structure of hot pepper accessions in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - Ha Noi No Accession Fruit length Diameter Thickness Stalk of fruit of flesh length (cm) (mm) Chi2 7.3 10.5 Chi3 6.8 10.0 Chi4 7.7 10.1 Chi5 5.3 10.9 Chi6 2.8 6.6 Chi9 5.8 9.1 Chi10 7.2 11.3 Chi11 5.9 8.9 Chi12 4.2 8.0 Through table shows: (mm) 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.3 (cm) 2.7 4.1 3.8 2.9 4.5 4.9 3.3 2.5 2.7 Fruit weight (g) 3.9 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.2 3.3 2.4 1.3 Number of locules 2 2 2 2 - Chi4 has the largest fruit length of 7.7cm Chi6 has the smallest fruit length of 2.8cm The remaining accession ranged from 4.2cm to 7.3cm 47 - The largest fruit diameter of Chi5 is 10.9mm, the smallest diameter of Chi6 fruit is 6.6mm Diameter of other hot pepper accessions ranged from 8mm to 10.9mm - Chi2 have the largest thickness of flesh is 1.8cm Chi6 has the smallest pulp thickness of 1.1cm Thickness of flesh of other hot pepper accessions ranged from 1.2mm to 1.7mm - All of hot pepper accessions have seed compartments - Chi2 has the heaviest fruit weight is 3.9g Chi6 has the lightest fruit weight is 1g Weight of other hot pepper accession ranged from 1.3g to 3.3g Table 10 Disease of hot pepper accessions in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - Ha Noi Level of damage by pests Percentage of plants damaged by Red spider mite No Accessions Chi2 Chi3 Chi4 Chi5 Chi6 Chi9 Chi10 Chi11 Chi12 From table 10 shows: Tetranychus urticae (%) 40 40 50 20 20 50 50 70 20 - Most of the accession are red spiders immediately attack from the seedling stage until flowering and fruiting The rate of plants in hot pepper accessions ranged from 20% to 70% Chi11 had the highest rate of 70%, Chi5, Chi6 and Chi12 have lowest 20% 48 Table 11 Some citeria for fruit quality of hot pepper accessions in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - Ha Noi No Accession Chi2 Chi3 Chi4 Chi5 Chi6 Chi9 Chi10 Chi11 Chi12 Brix Rate of dry (***) to fresh - - Smell Spicy Color Color of dried of fresh - - fruit - fruit - Note (***): Degrees Brix or °Brix (Brix) is a measure of the total soluble solids (TSS) present in the fruit TSS is mainly made up of sugars but also includes other compounds The total soluble solids are made up of Sugars, which can be monosaccharides, disaccharides, or oligosaccharides, such as sucrose, fructose, etc 49 Besides the ability to growth and development and individual yield, the fruit quality of hot pepper accessions are an important factor to confirm the valua of hot pepper accessions in Autumn - Winter season 2020 in Gia Lam - Ha Noi Note: The data will be add later (All hot pepper accessions are not ready for harvest up to now) 50 Figure of morphological characteristics of hot pepper accessions Figure Leaf morphology of chili pepper accessions 51 Figure Fruit morphology of chilli pepper accessions 52 Figure Hot pepper plant was damaged by Red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) 53 PART V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 CONCLUSION Through monitoring the growth and development and the pest and disease situation of hot pepper accession grown in the Autumn - Winter 2020 in Gia Lam - Hanoi showed: - Chi2, Chi3 grew more vigorously than the others, expressing in highest plant (106cm and 110cm), many branches (7.5 and 8.4 branches) and many leaves (163 leaves and 161 leaves), respectively - Chi3 produced most number of flowers (98 flowers) and had highest percentage of fruit setting (95%), giving the largest number of fruits per plant (30 fruits / plant) - Chi11 were severely damaged by red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) diseases with 70% of damaged plants Other hot pepper accessions were damaged slight - There is a clear difference among nine accessions in morphological characteristics of leaf and fruit 5.2 SUGGESTION - All these hot pepper accessions should be evaluated in other cultivation season or off - season in order to confirm the result of this study and finding more valuable traits - Chi2, Chi3, Chi4 accessions should be used in hot pepper breeding programs in the future 54 REFERENCES Vietnamese Mai Thị Phương Anh, Trần Văn Lài, Trần Khắc Thi (1996), "Rau trồng rau- 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