Study on growth development and yield of feanut genotypes in the auturm winter cropping season 2020 at gia lam ha noi

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TITLE: STUDY ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF PEANUT GENOTYPES IN THE AUTURM WINTER CROPPING SEASON 2020 AT GIA LAM, HANOI Student : NGUYEN THI PHUONG ID Code : 611801 Class : K61-KHCTT Supervisor : PHD DINH THAI HOANG Departmen : INDUSTRIAL - MEDICINAL PLANTS SCIENCE HANOI - 2021 DECLARATION I declare that the undergrateduate thesis is the result of my research The data and result mentioned in this thesis are honest and not used in any published thesis, dissertations, and scientific research project previously I hereby commit that the information cited in the thesis ensuring cited cited as prescribed I bear full responsibility for these reassurance Hanoi, February 24, 2021 Student Nguyen Thi Phuong i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To complete this thesis, I am deeply indebted to people who have been providing me with precious support and advice Firstly, I would like to send my gratitude to my supervisor, PhD Dinh Thai Hoang , Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants , Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, for their enthusiastic support, helpful advice and considerable encouragement in the completion of my thesis I would also like to express sincere thanks to all the lectures from Faculty of Agronomy, who taught and created best conditions for students during learning process and research Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family and my friends who have alwaay beens by my side, give me support and strength to complete this graduattion thesis Hanoi, January 10th , 2021 Student Nguyen Thi Phuong ii CONTENTS DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii CONTENTS iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vi ABSTRACT vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem 1.2 Objective CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Peanut production in the World 2.2 Peanut production in the Vietnam 2.3 Research situation peanuts genotypes 11 2.3.1 Research situation in the world 11 2.3.2 Research situation in Vietnamese 14 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS 18 3.1 Experimental materials 18 3.2 Experimental design 19 3.3 Crop management 19 3.3.1 Land preparation 19 3.3.2 Seed preparation and sowing 20 3.3.3 Fertilize 20 3.3.4 Density, distance 20 3.4 Research content 21 3.4.1 Experiment layout 21 3.4.2 Growth and development indicators 22 iii 3.4.3 Data analysis 25 CHAPTER RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 26 4.1 Morphological characteristics of the peanuts genotypes in aurtum winter season 2020 26 4.1.1 Mophological characteristic of peanuts genotypes 26 4.1.2 Germination rate, growth duration of groundnut genotypes 32 4.1.3 Growth main stem and dynamic of primary branches of groudnuts genotypes 38 4.1.4 Growth dynamics of primary branch length of peanuts genotypes 41 4.1.5 Leaf area (LA) and leaf area index (LAI) of peanut genotypes 43 4.1.6 Nodutation ability 45 4.2 The level of infection with some major diseases of peanut genotypes tested in the Autumn-Winter crop 2020 47 4.3 Yield and yield component of peanuts genotypes in the Autumn-Winter crop 2020 51 4.3.1 Yield component in experimental of peanut genotypes 51 4.3.2 Harvest index and yield of peanut genotypes 56 CHAPER CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 61 5.1 Conclusions 61 5.2 Suggestion 61 REFERENCES1 63 APPENDIX 65 iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS FAO : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAOSTAT : Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database ICRISAT : International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics LA : Leaf area LAI : Leaf area index P100 Seed : Weight of 100 pod P100 Seed : Weight of 100 seed v LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Area, yield & productivity peanuts some number of countries in the world 2018-2019 Table 2.2 Production of peanuts in continents of the world (2017 – 2018) Table 2.3 Productivity Peanuts of Vietnamese(2010-2019) Table 2.4: Area, yield of peanuts in some provinces and cities of Vietnam in 2015 10 Table 3.1: The investigated peanut genotypesnt 18 Table 4.1 Mophological characteristic of peanuts genotypes 27 Table 4.2 Color of mature uncured testa of peanuts genotypes 31 Table 4.3 Germination rate, growth duration of groundnut genotypes 33 Table 4 Dynamic main sterm height of peanuts genotyppes 39 Table 4.5 Growth dynamics of primary branch length of peanuts genotypes 41 Table 4.6 Leaf area, leaf area index of peanuts genotypes 44 Table 4.7 Nodutation of peanut genotypes 46 Table 4.8: Pest and disease infection level of peanut genotypes 48 Table 4.9 Factors constituting the yield of peanuts genotypes 52 Table 4.10 Harvest index and yield of peanut genotypes 56 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Area & productivity of peanuts in the world 2015-2019 Figure 4.1: Maine stem height dynamic of peanut genotypes 40 Figure 4.2 Growth dynamics of primary branch of peanut genotypes 42 vii ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and development of 78 peanuts genotypes with different traits associated with fresh yield and quality of peanuts genotypes in Autumn-Winter 2020, we grew 78 genotypes obtained from the Department of Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Layout in a randomized complete block design with L27 control varieties The goal is to evaluate peanut varieties in the autumn-winter crop of 2020, compare growth and development, yield and yield factors and effects of pests and diseases on peanuts from which it is possible to propose some peanut varieties to be tested In the crop year 2020, we are planting seedlings to monitor the growth and development of the experiment By the time of harvesting the nodes, we measure the indicators of yield and yield, pests and diseases after the evaluation process, we have the following results: genotypes have different growth times (115-120 days) varieties have different factors for productivity and yield The number of fruits/plant with the highest number is G16 (15 fruits/plant), G16 has the highest number of firm fruits/plant, reaching 11 fruits/plant After evaluating all the same lines we get It was found that H1 was a breed that had higher yield, yield and higher than that of the control L27 viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a short-term industrial plant, a food crop of high nutritional and economic value that is increasingly grown in popularity in many countries around the world originating from Central and South America Peanut not only provide food for humans, feed for livestock but also are an important source of raw materials for many processing industries Among the short-day oil crops, peanuts ranked 2nd after soybeans in terms of area and yield, 13th in food crops, 4th in vegetable oil sources and 3rd for crops protein supply Peanut an important role in the life and economy of many countries around the world Peanut contains 40-60% lipids, 26 - 34% protein, types of non-substitute amino acids and many vitamins such as PP, B, E, F, especially vitamins B1, B2 and B3 In addition, the peanut root system also has nodules caused by symbiotic Rhizobium vigna bacteria, which helps peanuts become plants capable of maintaining and improving soil fertility, increasing land use coefficients and economic efficiency per unit area Therefore, peanuts are an important crop in an intercropping system with other crops However, peanut production in Vietnam is currently facing many difficulties, nutritional low quality and yield, not competitive with other markets in the world, especially the Chinese market The reason for the slow development of peanut production in Vietnam is the impact of many factors, one of which is the lack of good seed Therefore, the research on selecting and breeding peanuts with high yield, good quality, adaptability to adverse conditions and resistance to pests and diseases has been and is a top concern So that, scientists and breeders are studying to produce new varieties that has high productivity, quality, adaptability, and pest resistance genotypes G67 G123 P34 G61 GI3 G41 D04 G64 G69 G11 G05 G31 L27 G03 G102 G15 G36 G27 G103 G01 G02 G125 G08 G68 L18 G12 G16 G13H G13 G45 Filled pod seed pod ratio (%) ratio (%) 70.0 63.6 70.0 83.3 87.5 75.0 77.8 63.6 80.0 80.0 72.7 66.7 75.0 75.0 81.8 80.0 60.0 75.0 87.5 75.0 83.3 77.8 85.7 75.0 88.9 87.5 66.7 66.7 72.7 85.7 32.1 17.9 29.9 33.0 24.0 27.5 54.3 21.5 21.0 34.3 46.3 18.3 24.4 25.0 19.5 15.1 16.8 18.5 19.6 20.6 26.0 25.5 21.7 9.0 31.0 23.5 21.8 21.1 15.7 27.0 seed pod rate (%) 6.9 2.1 12.1 _ _ _ 3.3 _ _ 18.6 _ 3.2 _ 2.2 3.3 5.5 _ _ 0.9 _ _ _ _ 13.9 _ _ 7.7 _ _ 9.5 Kernel P100 P100 percentage pod (g) seed (g) (%) 112.6 70.2 62.3 107.6 50.5 46.9 124.4 53.1 42.7 135.5 63.0 46.5 115.0 64.4 56.0 116.8 68.0 58.2 172.5 73.0 42.3 122.8 66.8 54.4 98.2 57.3 58.4 154.6 67.1 43.4 133.5 62.1 46.5 134.8 61.8 45.8 135.3 66.2 48.9 122.5 62.2 50.8 134.9 60.3 44.7 125.6 61.4 48.9 154.7 86.2 55.7 174.9 83.6 47.8 116.2 62.1 53.4 97.7 68.9 70.5 176.0 61.6 35.0 109.2 58.1 53.2 112.5 61.7 54.8 166.7 70.0 42.0 84.7 57.7 68.1 128.6 59.3 46.1 188.2 117.6 62.5 115.0 82.3 71.6 160.3 62.9 39.2 110.3 77.1 69.9 53 genotypes G105 GT9 G128 L14 G40 MD7 D01 G70 G112 D05 G26 G101 GI1 H2 D02 D07 G122 Filled pod seed pod ratio (%) ratio (%) 88.9 80.0 63.6 75.0 87.5 58.3 66.7 77.8 85.7 85.6 82.83 82.8 84.6 90.9 80.0 92.3 72.7 26.7 27.6 32.2 11.7 15.2 21.9 32.6 24.4 18.0 7.2 23.53 23.5 8.6 14.2 20.5 12.8 65.0 seed pod rate (%) 1.0 3.2 _ 5.1 2.6 _ _ 0.9 4.1 _ _ 1.7 10.1 _ 12.8 _ Kernel P100 P100 percentage pod (g) seed (g) (%) 87.3 51.0 58.4 80.6 47.7 59.2 87.1 50.0 57.4 94.7 28.6 30.2 68.3 38.3 56.1 85.2 24.4 28.6 92.7 61.2 66.1 85.2 49.6 58.3 84.6 58.3 69.0 98.7 49.5 50.1 130.56 88.31 67.6 130.6 88.3 46.0 95.8 44.1 59.5 81.7 48.6 53.5 85.0 45.5 50.6 102.5 51.9 65.9 82.9 54.6 51.0 The filled pod/ plant Number of fill pod/plant is an indicator that correlates closely with seed yield Therefore, varieties with a high number of firm fruits/plant are usually high yielding and vice versa The monitoring results showed that the rate of firm fruit/plant had great variation, ranging from 60.0% - 94.1%, of which the lowest was varieties G44 (60.0%), the lines H4 had the highest rate was 94.1% Control variety L27 reached 75% lower than the other variety G14, G126, G23, G121, H4, G66, GT2, CT3, G37, G43, D06, G13L3, G106, G104, G07, TD 207, G69, G15, G11, G103 and higher than the other varieties 54 Ratio seed/pod and seed/pod Factors related to yield, in which the ratio of seed/pod is positively correlated with yield The higher the ratio of seed/pod to the variety, the more seeds and higher yield capacity On the contrary, the ratio of fruit seed/pod is inversely correlated with the yield The variety with a high ratio seed/pod is low From the experimental monitoring table shows that the ratio of seed/pod of different varieties is very different The rate of seed/pod varies from 35.5%; of which 61.4% of variety, the variety has no fruit of seed/pod; the variety with the highest ratio of kernels/plant was G104 (35.5%); control variety L27 reached 0% Research data shows that the rate of fruit seed/pod is highest in G10 (50%), and lowest in G68 (9%), Control variety L27 reached 24.4%, lower than the varieties G38, CT7, G125, L18, G12, and line H5 and higher than the other lines and varieties The monitoring results in Table 4.7 showed that the weight of 100 pod of the varieties ranged from 80.6 to 172.2g, the highest was G02(176.2g), the lowest was GT(80.6g), Control variety L27 reached 135.3g lower than the varieties G27, G36, G38, G68, G13, G16, line H1 and higher than the other lines weight of 100 seeds The weight of 100 seeds is the basis to evaluate the size of the seeds, big or small, heavy or light, is the square result of the dry matter accumulation process The weight of 100 seeds is an indicator to evaluate the quality and yield of peanuts Peanut weight depends on genetic characteristics of the variety and external conditions Through table 4.7 we can see that the weight of 100 seeds of varieties varies from 24.4g - 117.6g; in which the variety with the largest weight of 100 seeds was the line G16 with 117.6g, the lowest was the variety MD7 with 24.4g Control varieties L27 (66.2g) and lower than varieties G01, G26, G14, G66, H5, G22, G127 and higher genotypes other 55 Kernel percentage The ratio of cause-effect is also an important indicator to show the characteristics of each line, breed, related to genetic characteristics According to monitoring, the variety has the lowest multiplication rate D06 (47.9%), the highest is the varieties G104(85.4%) Control line L27 had the lowest kernel rate of 76.9% 4.3.2 Harvest index and yield of peanut genotypes Peanut yield is of greatest concern to producers This is the most important criterion for evaluating varieties and impacting technical measures Under the same farming conditions, the variety with higher yield is the better variety, giving higher economic efficiency Through monitoring individual productivity, theoretical yield as well as harvest index, I found that there are differences between genotypes, breeds and they are shown in the following table: Table 4.10 Harvest index and yield of peanut genotypes No Genotypes Individual yiel (g/plant) 10 11 12 13 14 15 D05 G01 G26 GI3 G62 GI1 G68 G16 G125 G67 CT7 G105 G128 H4 D04 0.6 10.7 9.9 13.1 10.2 9.2 8.6 13.4 9.4 10.1 11.43 10.1 10 5.6 15.3 Theoretical yiel (quintal/ha) 24.25 26.75 24.75 32.75 25.50 23 21.50 33.5 23.50 25.25 28.58 25.25 25 14.00 38.25 Harvest index 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 56 No Genotypes Individual yiel (g/plant) 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 D05 G01 G26 GI3L3 G62 GI1 G68 G16 G125 G67 CT7 G105 G128 H4 D04 G11 G13H G31 G05 G07 D01 G126 GI2 H5 CT3 G129 G66 H1 G61 G123 G122 G38 10.2 8.4 12.6 11.6 8.9 8.6 10 6.33 6.6 7.44 12.1 9.67 10.33 10 10.56 11.75 11.5 9.8 7.86 9.7 10.3 9.19 11.25 8.7 10 10.2 10 8.9 9.2 7.86 10.3 Theoretical yiel (quintal/ha) 25.50 21 31.50 29 22.25 21.50 25 15.83 16.5 18.60 30.25 24.18 25.825 25.00 26.40 29.375 22.50 28.75 24.5 19.65 24.25 25.75 22.98 28.13 21.75 25.00 25.5 25.00 22.25 23.00 19.65 25.75 Harvest index 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 57 No Genotypes Individual yiel (g/plant) Theoretical yiel (quintal/ha) Harvest index 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 G08 G105 GT9 P34 G127 G45 L27 G60 G69 G12 L18 GT2 G03 G14 G43 G112 G121 D07 G23 G103 G64 G02 G41 G22 G106 G66 D02 G44 G13L3 G13 L14 11.1 9.51 6.67 7.67 10.7 8.8 10.4 9.1 7.1 8.1 9.6 9.5 8.14 9.56 11.3 9.2 11.2 12 9.44 11.3 11.9 11.7 10.5 9.38 8.2 10.7 9.3 9.4 14.7 9.1 9.7 27.75 23.78 16.68 19.175 26.75 22 26.00 22.75 17.75 20.25 24.00 23.75 20.35 23.90 28.25 23.00 28 30.00 23.6 28.25 29.75 29.25 26.25 23.45 20.50 26.75 23.25 23.5 36.75 22.75 24.25 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 58 Individual yield Individual yield is the amount of dried fruit obtained per plant during a harvest This is the smallest unit that makes up the yield and also determines the yield of the peanut population It is a direct indicator to calculate theoretical yield and yield prediction for crop populations in the field Individual productivity varies with breed, weather conditions and farming practices The difference in individual yield of the peanut genotypes participating in the experiment was mainly due to fruit size, number of firm fruits per plant, P100 fruit In this experiment, individual yield varied from 7.1 g/plant (GI3) 11.8 g/plant (G01) Control variety L27 reached 10.4g/plant, lower than variety G01, GI3, CT7, G43, G121, G103, G127, G64, G02, G41, G66, G11, G31, H5, G08 and higher than the other varieties Theoretical yiel (quintal/ha) Theoretical yield corresponds to individual yield Based on the theoretical yield, we can apply suitable intensive farming techniques to maximize the potential of the lines and varieties The theoretical yield is calculated from individual yield based on planting density in the field Theoretical yield of experimental peanut lines and cultivars varied from 14.0 to 36.5 quintals/ha In which, the variety G13L3 has the highest theoretical yield and the lowest is the variety H4 Control variety L27 reached 26.0 quintals/ha; lower than the varieties G01, GI3L3, G16, CT7, D04, G26, G08, G127, G43, D07, G103, G64, G02, G41, G66 and higher than other lines and varieties Harvest index Harvest index is the indicator showing the rate of dry matter accumulated in economic agencies such as fruit and peanuts in comparison to the volume of dry matter of the whole tree Therefore, it is an important criterion to determine the yield of the plant, indicating the ability to accumulate dry matter in the fruit 59 and seed The cultivars with high harvest index will have high dry matter reserves in the seeds, resulting in high yield potential Harvest index of experimental peanut lines and cultivars varied from 0.4 to 0.7 In which, the variety G13L3, G43, G121, G64, G66 has the highest harvest index and the lowest is the variety H4, G07, P34, GT9, and G106 Control variety L27 reached 0.5 and other lines and variety have harvest index from 0.5-0.6 60 CHAPER CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions Evaluation of 78 peanut accessions in Auturm - winter season 2020 in Gia Lam district showed that: Genotypes have total total duration include: Varieties of CT2, CT3, H3, GI3 GI1, G125.G10, G62 had the longest growing time(120 day) and had the shortest growing time varieties L18, G05, G08, G16, G26, G37, G44, G61 (117 days) Different varieties have different factors for productivity and yield The number of pod/plant with the highest number is G16 (15 pod/plant Individual yield varied from 7.1 g/plant (GI3) - 11.8 g/plant (G01) Control variety L27 lower than variety G01, GI3, CT7, G43, G121, G103, G127, G64, G02, G41, G66, G11, G31, H5, G08 higher than other lines and varieties Theoretical yield of experimental peanut lines and cultivars varied from 14.0 to 36.5 quintals/ha In which, the variety G13L3 has the highest theoretical yield and the lowest is the variety H4 Control variety L27 lower than the varieties G01, GI3L3, G16, CT7, D04, G26, G08, G127, G43, D07, G103, G64, G02, G41, G66 and higher than other lines and varieties Harvest index of experimental peanut lines and cultivars varied from 0.4 to 0.7 In which, the variety G13L3, G43, G121, G64, G66 has the highest harvest index and the lowest is the variety H4, G07, P34, GT9, and G106 Control variety L27 and lines/variety have harvest index from 0.5-0.6 Weight of 100 seeds of varieties varies from 24.4g - 117.6g; in which the variety with the largest weight of 100 seeds was the line G16 with 117.6g, the lowest was the variety MD7 with 24.4g, control varieties L27 (66.2g) High resistance to pests and diseases in varieties G127, G102, G61 61 5.2 Suggestion Continuing to evaluate and survey the peanuts accession in this experiment in many subsequent crops, thereby making accurate conclusions about their growth , development as well as their tolerance and productivity From there, there are more bases to identify prospective variety for soybean breeding 62 REFERENCES1 Vietnamese references Bộ Nông nghiệp PTNT (2017) Báo cáo tổng kết đề tài cấp Nghiên cứu chọn tạo giống lạc có khả chịu mặn, suất cao, thích hợp cho vùng ven biển miền Trung Cơng Dỗn Sắt, 1994 Hiệu lực phân kali số lương thực thực phẩm miền Đông Nam Bộ đồng sơng Cửu Long Tuyển tập cơng trình nghiên cứu khoa học kỹ thuật nông nghiệp, Nhà xuất nơng nghiệp, Hà Nội Đồn Thị Thanh Nhàn, Nguyễn Văn Bình, Vũ Đình Chính, Nguyễn Thế Cơn, Lê Song Dự & Bùi Xuân Sửu (1996) Cây lạc Giáo trình Cây công nghiệp Nhà xuất Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội Lê Song Dự, Nguyễn Thế Cơn (1979) Giáo trình lạc Nhà xuất Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội 5 Ngô Thế Dân, Nguyễn Xuân Hồng, Đỗ Thị Dung, Nguyễn Thị Chinh, Vũ Thị Đào, Phạm Văn Toàn, Trần Đình Long, C L L Gowda (2000) Kỹ thuật đạt suất lạc cao Việt Nam Nhà xuất Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội Tổng cục thống kê (2020).Sản xuất lạc châu lục giới hai năm 2018-2019 Truy cập từ https://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=717 ngày 21/02/2021 Tổng cục thống kê (2020).Sản xuất lạc số nước giới từ năm 2018-2019 Truy cập từ https://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=717 ngày 21/02/2021 Vũ Công Hậu, Ngô Thế Dân, Trần Thị Dung (1995) Cây lạc Nhà xuất Nông nghiệp 201-225 Vũ Đình Chính (Chủ biên) & Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hải (2011) Kỹ thuật trồng lạc suất cao Nhà xuất Nông nghiệp Hà Nội English reference Mengesha M,H,(1993), Status of germplasm maintained at ICRISAT, Joint ICAR/ ICRISAT Regional training worshop on pland genetic resourses, 420 oct, 1993, India, pp, 1- 63 FAOSTAT (2020) Truy cập từ http://www.fao.org/faostat ngày 15/02/2020 Florkowski V.J.(1994) Peanut production and trade, The peanut crop, (1) London 3-14 Redy P.S (1988) Peanut ICAR, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan Pusa, New Delhi, India Shuren G.,Wang C., Shanlin Y.,(1996), Present Situation and Prospects for Peanut Prodution in China Achieving High Peanut Yields ICRISAT, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India 22 - 24 Singh A.K and S.N Nigam (1998) Chapter 9, Peanut Biodiversity in Trust Eđite by Dominic Fuccilo; Linda Sears, Paul Stapleton Cambridge University Press 114-115-117-119 Sanun Jogloy, Tugsina Sansaya wichai ( 1996) The status ò technologies use to achieve high peanut yield in Thailand, ( In) Achieving high peanut yieldschieving high peanut yields, ICEISAT, Patancheru, Andhaa, Daadesh 502324, Indica, 81-88 USDA-Agricultural statics (2000-2006) Peanut market indicators, National center for Peanut compertitiveness USA 64 APPENDIX SOME FIGURES IN THE RESEARCH PROCEDURE Figure 1: Emergence stage Figure 2: After sowing 20 day 65 Figure 3: Peanuts – leave Figure 4: Flowering stage 66 Figure 6: harvest some peanuts genotypes Figure 7: Some varieties peanut in experiment (TD207 – L27) 67