The effects of waterlogging at germination stage on growth and yield of soybean genotypes in winter cropping season 2020

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TITLE: THE EFFECTS OF WATERLOGGING AT GERMINATION STAGE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN GENOTYPES IN WINTER CROPPING SEASON 2020 Student : Nguyen Thi Hai Yen ID code : 605280 Class : K61KHCTT Instructor : PhD Nguyen Van Loc Department : Food crop HA NOI - 2021 COMMITMENT I hereby declare that this is my own research, the data and research results in this report are truthful and have not been used to defend a degree I hereby certify that all assistance in the implementation of this graduate research project has been thanked and the information cited has been indicated by the origin, name of the author, time of publication Ha Noi, February 25th, 2021 Student Nguyen Thi Hai Yen i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To complete this thesis, I am deeply indebted to people who have been providing me with precious support and advice First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to the Dean of the Faculty and the teachers in the Faculty of Agriculture, especially the teachers in the Food Crops subject for facilitating help and having many valuable ideas to help me complete this graduation thesis Secondly, I would like to send my gratitude to my instructor, Ph.D Nguyen Van Loc, Department of Food Crop, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, for their enthusiastic support, helpful advice and considerable encouragement in the completion of my thesis I would also like to express sincere thanks to M.S Tran Thi Minh Ngoc from Department of Food Crop and all the lectures from Faculty of Agronomy, who taught and created best conditions for students during learning process and research Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family and my friends who have alwaay beens by my side, give me support and strength to complete this graduattion thesis I sincerely thank you! Hanoi, February 25th , 2021 Student Nguyen Thi Hai Yen ii CONTENTS COMMITMENT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii CONTENTS iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF PICTURES, FIGURES viii ABSTRACT ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims and requirements .3 1.2.1 Aims .3 1.2.2 Requirements CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Origin and distribution of soybeans 2.2 Values of soybeans 2.2.1 The nutritional value 2.2.2 Value increase the crop, improve the agricultural environment 2.2.3 The industrial value .7 2.2.4 The medical value 2.3 Soybean production in the world and Vietnam 2.3.1 Soybean production in the world 2.3.2 Soybean production in Vietnam 10 2.4 Physiological requirements of soybean plants .12 2.4.1 Soil requirements 12 2.4.2 Humidity requirements 12 2.4.3 Temperature requirements 13 2.4.4 Light requirements .13 2.5 Soybean growth and development characteristics 14 iii 2.5.1 Vegetative stage 15 2.5.2 Reproductive stage(R) 16 2.6 Overview of research on the effects of inundation on soybean yield in the country and in the world 17 2.6.1 Effects of inundation on soybean production 17 2.6.2 Research situation of the effect of the flood on the development of soybean plants in the world 18 2.6.3 Research situation of the effect of the flood on the development of soybean plants in Viet Nam 20 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS .22 3.1.Plant materials 22 3.2 Experimental design .22 3.3 Cultural practices 23 3.4 Research content .24 3.5 Trait observation .24 3.5.1 Qualitative traits 25 3.5.2 Quantitative traits 25 3.6 Growth and development indicators .25 3.7 Productivity components 26 3.8 Data analysis 26 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 27 4.1 Germination rate of soybean genotypes in winter cropping system 2020 .27 4.2 Vegetative traits of soybean genotypes 28 4.2.1 Plant height dynamic of soybean genotypes .28 4.2.2 The number of trifoliate leaves dynamic of soybean genotypes 31 4.2.3 The number of branches per plant dynamic of soybean genotypes .34 4.2.4 The number of node dynamics of soybean genotypes 36 4.2.5 Some growth characteristics of soybean genotypes 38 4.3 The dry matter of soybean varieties after harvesting .41 4.4 Components of productivity and yield of soybean genotypes 43 iv 4.4.1 Components of productivity of soybean genotypes 43 4.4.2 Yield of soybean genotypes 47 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 54 5.1 Conclusions 54 5.2 Suggestions .55 REFERENCES 56 APPENDIX 59 v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS C : control CV : coefficient of variation LSD : Least significant difference W : waterlogging vi LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Nutritional value per 100g soybean seeds Table 2.2 Soybean production in Vietnam from 2014 to 2018 11 Table 2.3 Humidity and rainy requirements of soybean plant for each of stages 13 Table 2.4 Temperature requirements for each of soybean stages 13 Table 2.5 Impact of flooding stress on different growth stages of a soybean crop 19 Table 3.1 Soybean genotypes used for experiment in winter cropping systems 22 Table 4.1 Germination rate of soybean genotypes 27 Table 4.2 Plant height dynamic of soybean genotypes 29 Table 4.3 The number of trifoliate leaves dynamic of soybean genotypes 31 Table 4.4 The number of branches per plant dynamic of soybean genotypes 34 Table 4.5 The number of node dynamic of soybean genotypes 37 Table 4.6 Some growth characteristics of soybean genotypes 39 Table 4.7 The dry matter of soybean genotypes after harvesting 41 Table 4.8 Components of productivity of soybean genotypes 43 Table 4.9 Components of productivity of soybean genotypes 44 Table 4.10 Yield of soybean genotypes 48 vii LIST OF PICTURES, FIGURES Picture 2.1 World soybean production from 2000-2020 Picture 2.2 Vegetative stage of soybean 15 Picture 2.3 Reproductive stages of soybean 16 Fig 3.1 Waterlogging and control treatment when soybeans were in germination stage 23 Fig 4.1 Variation in the plant height of soybean genotypes under waterlogging Vertical bars indicate SEM 30 Fig 4.2 Variation in the number of trifoliate leaves of soybean genotypes under waterlogging(A) and control condition (B) Vertical bars indicate SEM 33 Picture 4.1 Soybean genotypes under control(A), and waterlogging conditions(B) in the flowering stage 34 Fig 4.3 Variation in the number of branches per plant of soybean genotypes under waterlogging(A), and control conditions(B) Vertical bars indicate SEM 36 Fig 4.4 Variation in the number of node of soybean genotypes under waterlogging Vertical bars indicate SEM 38 Fig 4.5 The dry matter of soybean genotypes after harvesting Bars genotypes are significantly different at P