chapter12 ppt 10 4 2017 doing

CHAPTER 12 PHARMACY SERVICES *OBJECTS: • Discuss the history and the development of research on the value of pharmacy services • List issues specifically related to critiquing pharmacy service research • Understand the importance of measuring costs and patient outcomes associated with medication therapy management (MTM) services mandated for high-risk Medicare patients • Critique an example of a pharmaco-economic study that evaluates pharmacy services Definition about pharmacy services History of pharmacy services Review of the research CONTENTS Issues in valuing pharmacy services Medicare medication therapy Summary Pharmacy services DEFINITION Identifies, measures, and compares the costs and consequences of pharmaceutical products and services clinical pharmacy services A variety of terms have associated with pharmaceutical or pharmacy services pharmaceutical care services cognitive pharmacy services disease-state management medication therapy management (MTM) Pharmacy services HISTORY OF PHARMACY SERVICES Research articles estimating the value of pharmacy 1970s services have been published 1971 1971 Evaluate the effects of pharmacy services, by the Task Force on the Pharmacist’s Clinical Role 1990 Helper and Strand4 proposed the concept that pharmacist should provide pharmaceutical care 2006 The federal government has recognized the importance of MTM services and included the provision of these services to high-risk patients as part of the Medicare Part D outpatient prescription drug benefit that took effect Pharmacy services REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH How is a value placed on pharmacy services? Using a variety of approaches Contingent valuation (CV) Prospective studies Modeling Combination of these methods Pharmacy services The IMPROVE Study Specific Multipharmacy Projects The Asheville Project The Patient Self-Management Program Pharmacy services ISSUES IN VALUING PHARMACY SERVICES Wide Variation in Services Type of Pharmcoeconomic Study The Asheville Project Costs Associated with Providing Services Benefits Associated with Services Pharmacy Budget Silo Mentality Pharmacy services MEDICARE MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT Medication therapy review A personal medication record MTM A medication action plan Intervention and referral Documentation and follow-up Pharmacy services MEDICARE MEDICATION THERAPY MANAGEMENT 2003 2005 2006 2008 2010 • Etermad and Hav used information from past literature to create a Markov model to predict the cost per life year saved because of MTM services • Oladapo et al conducted a literature search for studies on clinical pharmacy services (including MTM services) with results reported in term of cost-benefit ratios, net benefits/savings, return on investment, cost savings or cost avoided • Touchette et al surveyed MTM programs to determine what had been implemented in the first months of the program • Some updates (Version 2.0) version places an increased emphasis on the patient’s role in medication self-management, care transitioning and collaborative health care team partnerships • A preliminary study by CMS retrospectively investigated how enrollment in a standalone Prescription Drug Plan (PDP) or Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug Plan (MAPD) MTM program with or without receipt of an annual comprehensive medication review (CMR) influenced drug therapy, resource utilization, and cost for a 6-month period Pharmacy services Describing and evaluating the provision of nondispensing clinically based pharmacy services has appeared in the literature since the 1970s SUMMARY The results of three prospective multipharmacy studies-the IMPROVE study, the Asheville Project, and the PSMP program The Medicare Modernization Act (MMA) created an outpatient prescription drug benefit that was implemented in January of 2006 THANKS FOR WATCHING Trần Vân Thy Nguyễn Ngọc Cẩm Tiên Trần Trọng Thức