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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES BIEU QUOC THANG THE ROLE OF THE INTELLECTUALS OF HO CHI MINH CITY IN THE CURRENT PERIOD Major: Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism Major code: 62 22 03 02 DOCTORAL DISSERTATION SUMMARY HANOI - 2017 The doctoral dissertation is completed at: GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Scientific Supervisor: Assoc Prof., DSc Luong Dinh Hai Reviewer 1: Prof.Dr Le Van Quang Reviewer 2: Prof.Dr Nguyễn Ngọc Long Reviewer 3: Prof.Dr Dương Xuân Ngọc The thesis will be defenced in the Commission for doctoral thesis evaluation of the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences At…………… on………… 2017 The thesis can be found at: The National Libary of Vietnam The Library of the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS OF THE AUTHOR I Scientific papers Bieu Quoc Thang (2014) “Ho Chi Minh City brings into play the role of the itellectuals in the period of promoting industrialization and modernization”, The Review of Science, No.2, p 39-45 Bieu Quoc Thang (2015) “The role of the intellectuals of Ho Chi Minh City Union of Science and Technology asscociations in the Renovation period”, The Review of Propaganda, No3, p 42-45 Bieu Quoc Thang (2015) “The scientific research activities in the Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry” The Review of Education Management, No 71, p 56-59 Truong Van Tan, Bieu Quoc Thang (2015) “The requirements for teachers in the Cause of fundamental and comprehensive renovation of tertiary education in Vietnam today” The Political Review, No + 2, p 133-139 Bieu Quoc Thang (2015) “Development of high quality human resources answering the demands of the transformation of the economic model of Ho Chi Minh city in the current period” The Processing of the City level Conference “Development of high quality human resources to meet the demands of the restructuring of the economy of Ho Chi Minh city”, p 219- 226 Bieu Quoc Thang (2015) “To brings into play the role of the itellectuals in the Cause of Renovation and International Integration”, The Political Review, No 7, p 52-56 Bieu Quoc Thang (2015) “To the understanding of the conception of Intelligence”, The Review of Human Resource Development, No 6, p 21-26 Lai Quang Ngoc, Bieu Quoc Thang (2016) “The reality and solutions to promote the quality of the lecturers of the Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry”, The Education Review, No 388, p 21-24 Bieu Quoc Thang (2016) “Ho Chi Minh thougth on the role of the Youth in the Revolution Cause”, The Review of Development of Human Resources, No, 1, p 17-21 10 Bieu Quoc Thang (2016) “Ho Chi Minh City and the development of high quality human resources to meet the demands of renovation of economic model” The Review of Party Building, No 3, p 18-20 and 62 11 Bieu Quoc Thang (2016) “Factors influencing the creative capabilities of the Vietnamese intellectuals today”, The Political Review , No 3, p 33-37 and 42 12 Bieu Quoc Thang (2016) “To identify the present Intellectual”, The Review of Human Studies, No3, 68-77 II Scientific Research Member of the Ministerial level scientific research “Promotion of the effect of private-public cooperation in the building of infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh city” Code B15-20 Evaluated date: May 29, 2016, Result: Average Member of the Ministerial level scientific research “Development of high quality human resources in Vietnam today: requirements and solutions” Code B20132014 Evaluated date: Sept 19, 2016, Result: Good INTRODUCTION The urgency of the research theme The scientific and technological revolution has transferred humanity from an industrial economy to a knowledge economy, from using natural resources, capital, cheap labor workforces to using intelligence, knowledge as the engine and driving force for the quick and sustainable development of each country Therefore, it is of strategic importance for each country to invest into people’s intellect, to build a strong intellectual resource efficiently to integrate the country into the new development trend of the era As for Vietnam, a country who is in a transition period to socialism with a low starting point without passing the phase of capitalist development and with much damage left from the two wars Being aware of the trend of the era and the reality of the country, the Communist Party of Vietnam has clearly stated: it is necessary to make use of different kinds of resources, especially, for a country with limited financial and material resources such as ours Therefore, to avoid not falling behind, and to quickly develop into a modern industrial country, it is required that we promote efficiently the totality of all resources, among those are the intellectuals, which constitute especially important resource Thus, promoting the role of the intellectuals to develop our country, take us to a deserved place in the world stage is one of the most urgent requirement for Vietnam nowadays Concerning Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), from Doi Moi until now, the intellectuals have constantly grown and contributed to the development of the city However, under the demand to be “together with the country, for the country”, “go first, arrive first” in the process of modernization and industrialization and with the goal of building HCMC into a civilized, modern city of high living standard, an economic, financial, commercial, scientific and technological center in the region; the contribution of the intellectuals is not of the same level of other cities in the region Hence, analyzing deeply, objectively, and systematically the role of the intellectuals in the transformation period, based on that analysis, proposing scientific solutions to promote more efficiently the role of the intellectuals, so as to meet the requirements of development and integration of HCMC and the whole country is an urgent mission more than ever All said, I decided to choose the theme: The role of the intellectuals of Ho Chi Minh city in the current period for my PhD dissertation, I hope to clarify and contributes my understanding to some theoretical and practical issues raised today 2 The purpose and tasks of the disseration 2.1 Purpose: Based on reasoning to clarify the role of HCMC’s intellectuals in the transformation period, the dissertation will propose some solutions in order to promote the role of the intellectuals in the future 2.2 Tasks: Aside from literature review, the dissertation focuses on accomplishing the following basic tasks: First, to clarify some theoretical issues on the intellect and the role of Vietnamese intellectuals in the transformation period Second, to analyze to point out the accomplishment, limitations and the problems toward fulfilling the role of HCMC’s intellectuals Third, to propose some basic solutions in order to promote the role of HCMC’s intellectuals more in the future The theoretical foundation and research methodology Theoretical foundation:the dissertation approaches the issue from the angle of social philosophy and is based on the theory of MarxismLeninism, Ho Chi Minh’s thought, the view of the Communist Party of Vietnam on the role of the intellectuals Research methodology: based on dialectic materialism and hisotirical materialism, the dissertation combines different methodologies such as: analysis and synthesis, the unity of the historcal and the logical, induction and deduction, statistic and comparative methods, abstraction and generalization Research subject and scope Research subject: the dissertation focus on role of HCMC’s intellectuals toward the development of HCMC in the transformation time Research scope: HCMC’s intellectuals – who are living and working for social-political organizations, of all economic components in HCMC from Doi Moi until now Contribution of the dissertation First, the dissertation contribute to the clarification of the role of HCMC’s intellectuals in the transformation period based on the analysis of their accomplisments and limitations Second, the dissertation points out and analyzes the limitations in promoting the role of HCMC’s intellectuals since Doi Moi Third, the dissertation proposes certain solutions in order to promote more efficiently the role of HCMC’s intellectuals in the coming time Theoretical and practical contribution of the dissertation Theoretical contribution: the dissertation helps clarify some theoretical issues with regards to conceptions and characteristics of intellectuals, factors that influence the role of Vietnamese intellectuals; characteristics and reality of the role of HCMC’s intellectuals in the new era Practical contribution: the results of the dissertation can be use as references for the manegerial officals of all levels in HCMC in promoting the role of intellectuals in the time of strengthening industrialization, modernization; it could also be used as reference to teaching, researching with contents related to intellectuals Structure of the dissertation Besides the preface, conclusion, references list and appendix, the main body of the dissertation is structured into four chapters with 12 subsections Chapter OVERALL REVIEW OF RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE THEME 1.1 Overseas and domestic research works related to the dissertation 1.1.1 Research works on the conception, characteristic, role and factors influencing the role of Vietnamese intellectuals Overseas research: In almost every country, intellectuals have been studied for a long time In these works, the authors have clarified the importance of paying attention to the work of training, selecting, using, compensating, appointing, etc., for the talented and intellectuals to develop For example, Tham Vinh Hoa and Ngo Quoc Dieu: “Respecting the intellectuals, respecting the talents, a hundred year long-term vision to build a strong nation”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2008; the collective of authors: “On Russian intellectuals”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi,2009, etc Besides, there are many studies which don’t directly mention the intellectuals, but this theme is slid into the research For example, Lee Kwan Yew: “Lee Kwan Yew’s Collection of 40 years of political essays”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi,1994; Okuhina Yasuhiro: “Japanese politics and economics”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi,1994; Nghiem Ngan Than: “Discovering and using talents”, The National Politics – Truth Publishing House, Hanoi,2012, etc The results from those works are valuable as references for the author of this dissertation Domestic research: Broadly speaking, there are a few research works mention the concept, characteristics, point out the role and factors influencing the role of Vietnamese intellectuals For example, Pham Tat Dong “Vietnamese intellectuals: the reality and potentiality”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 1995; Nguyen Thanh Tuan: “ Some issues regarding Vietnamese intellectuals”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 1998; Nguyen Khanh Bat and Tran Thi Huyen: “Building the intellectuals in an era of strengthening the cause of industrialization, modernization according to Ho Chi Minh’s thought”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2012 In a narrower sense, there are works focus on the intellectuals in specific fields such as: Do Thi Thach: “Promoting the force of Vietnamese woman intellectuals in the Cause of Industrialization and Modernization”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2005; Le Quang Quy: “Intellectuals in Architect in a changing time”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2006; Ngo Thi Phuong: “Intellectuals in Vietnamese social sciences and humanities in the process of transformation” The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2007, etc Although, there have been some results through researching the contents including the conceptions, characteristics, role, influencing factors to the role of Vietnamese intellectuals, however, those contents are not unified; some research focus too much on emphasizing the particular characteristics or aspects, thus overlooking other aspects; or analyzing the role of intellectuals too broadly, thus having made clear the noble mission of this class of people Therefore, in this dissertation, the author will continue to clarify and analyze the problems above 1.1.2 The outstanding works on the reality of the role of Vietnam and HCMC’s intellectuals Regarding the reality of the role of Vietnamese intellectuals, there are famous works such as: Nguyen Van Khanh, Nguyen Quoc Bao: “ Some issues concerning Vietnamese intellectuals”, The Labor Publishing House, Hanoi, 2001; Nguyen Van Khanh: “Intellectuals with the Party in the liberation and building of the Nation”, The Press Agency Publishing House, Hanoi, 2004; Nguyen Dac Hung: “ Vietnamese intellectuals entering into an era of integration”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2009; Dam Duc Vuong: “ The reality and solution in cultivating Vietnamese intellectuals for the Cause of Renovation”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2014; etc, Those works have shed light on the reality of the role the intellectuals play in the period of national liberation and in the process of renovate the country The success of those works will be the basis for the author in analyzing the reality of the role the HCMC’s intellectuals play in a period with deeper and more complete change Regarding the role of HCMC’s intellectuals, the outstanding works including: Nguyen Quoi: “HCMC’s intellectuals and the problems of intellectuals building socialism”, Journal of Sociology, No.4, 1989; Truong Van Tuan: “The reality concerning HCMC’s intellectuals and solutions to develop intellectuals to renovate the country and integrate internationally”, The Review of HCM University of Education Science, No.7, 2012; Vu Duc Khien: “Studying the situation of HCMC’s intellectuals in the process of industrialization and modernization”, The Review of Human Resource Development, No.2, 2013; etc To a certain extent, those works have clarified the role HCMC’s intellectuals have played in the era of Renovation However, the majority of those works are limited to a generalized, statistical level; they have not explored the issues in depth to systematically point out the accomplishments, limitations, or raise problems the intellectuals are facing Therefore, those areas are where the author will focus on this dissertation 1.1.3 The outstanding works concerning the solutions for promoting the role of Vietnam and HCMC’s intellectuals Regarding the solutions for promoting the role of Vietnamese intellectuals, there are: Nguyen Quoc Bao, Doan Thi Lich: “ The intellectuals in the process of renovating the country”, The Labor Publishing House, Hanoi, 1998; Pham Tat Dong: “Orientation for developing Vietnamese intellectuals in the Cause of industrialization and modernization”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2001; Nguyen Dac Hung: “Vietnamese intellectuals and the requirement of developing the Nation”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2005; Dam Duc Vuong: “The reality and solution of cultivating Vietnamese intellectuals in the country’s renovation”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2014; etc, Those works have proposed some solutions to promote the role of Vietnamese intellectuals They will be the foundation for the author of this dissertation to build the solutions to a more promotion of the role of HCMC’s intellectuals in the coming future Concerning the solutions for promoting the role of HCMC’s intellectuals, there are: Nguyen Quoi, “HCMC’s intellectuals and the problem of Viet kieu intellectuals come back and work in HCMC in international integration era”, The Journal of Sociology, No.4, 1989; Tran Van Phuong: “The ability to attract and the reality of using Viet kieu coming back and working in HCMC in the process of development and integration”, Research project of Institute level, Institute of Developmental Research HCMC, 2009; Truong Van Thuan: “ HCMC’s intellectuals in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country”, The Review of Human Resource Development, No.2, 2009; Nguyen Vo: “ years of implementing Decision 27-NQ/TW of the HCMC municipal party committee, the first transitions”, Party Building Notebook, No.12, 2013;… although those works have proposed some solutions, these solutions are superficial Therefore, the dissertation will analyze this problem in more a detailed and systematic way 1.2 Scientific value of the works related to this dissertation and the problems the dissertation will continue to clarify 1.2.1 Scientific values of the general works First, concerning the intellectuals and Vietnamese intellectuals, there are different viewpoints about intellectuals, however, there have been some “criteria” that have been supported by majority of the researchers working on these problems: intellectual is a social stratum, laboring using the intellect and creativity, holding high educational level, bearing responsibility concerning the development of society, etc The majority of researchers claim that in all eras, intellectuals always have a deciding role toward the prosperity and advancement of each nation, each society Many scientists have pointed out the limitations, weaknesses, opportunities, challenges of Vietnamese intellectuals: specialized knowledge, creative ability, language ability, IT, international law, etc Many works also point to some influencing factors and propose the direction and solution for promoting the role of the intellectuals in our nation Second, concerning HCMC’s intellectuals, the authors all agree that: HCMC’s intellectual is a part of Vietnamese intellectuals, always accompany and work for the cause of nation building and liberation There are some works that assess and predict the trend and movement of HCMC’s intellectuals in the Renovation era Although, they mostly only stop at the level of generalization and listing, many have propose the direction and solution to promoting the role of HCMC’s intellectuals 1.2.2 Issues that the dissertation will focus to clarify First, concerning the conceptions and characteristics of intellectuals, the influencing factors toward the role of Vietnamese intellectuals, agreed with the view of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the dissertation will analyze in depth some basic characteristics of the intellectuals in order to distinguish with other classes in society Moreover, the dissertation will focus on analyzing the typical roles of Vietnamese intellectuals nowadays Regarding the influencing factors on Vietnamese intellectuals, there has not been any research articulate these problems in full details Therefore, the dissertation will analyze these influencing factors based on the research done for this work Second, concerning the characteristics of HCMC’s intellectuals, there have not been works focuses on the characteristics and the role of HCMC’s intellectuals in depth from a philosophical point of view As a result, the dissertation will focus on this issue based on: first, general analysis on HCMC Second, to point out and analyze some characteristics of HCMC’s intellectuals Third, to analyze and prove in depth the accomplishments and limitations in fulfilling the role of HCMC’s intellectuals in a changing era Fourth, to point out and analyze some remaining issues in fulfilling the role of HCMC’s intellectuals Fifth, to propose some solutions in order to promote more efficiently an active role of HCMC’s intellectuals in the coming future Chapter Summary The works mentioned above have contributed greatly to clarify the theoretical and practical issues concerning Vietnamese intellectuals in general and HCMC’s in particular On the one hand, the literature review allows the author to inherit the lessons and results from previous works; on the other hand, it provides necessary information for the author to gain a clear understanding of the issues, the aspects where previous works have not fully explored Chapter THEORETICAL ISSUES RELATING TO INTELLECTUALS AND THE ROLE OF VIETNAMESE INTELLECTUALS 2.1 Conception about and characteristic of intellectuals 2.1.1 Conceptions of intellectuals First, the view of Marxism and Leninism on intellectuals, according to the founders of Marxism-Leninism, intellectuals are a special social stratum, fully specialized in complex intellectual works, with high educational level, represent the contemporary intellect Intellectuals also think independently, are highly creative, they are the main workforce in spreading and applying knowledge in order to develop the entire society Second, Ho Chi Minh’s thought and conception of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) on intellectuals, according to Ho Chi Minh, knowledge is understanding The intellectuals have to use knowledge and understanding to serve the people, the nation, together with the people liberate and build an independent nation so as to bring freedom, prosperity, and happiness to the people For the CPV, since its beginning, the important role of the intellectuals toward the revolution had already realized However, at first, because of various reasons, the understanding of the intellectuals of some Party leaders was distorted and detached from reality This issue then was later improved; after which, many intellectuals were able to develop their role in nation 10 2.2 The role and factors affecting the role of Vietnamese intellectuals 2.2.1 The role of Vietnamese intellectuals The role of Vietnamese intellectuals can be explored from different angles, however, the dissertation only focuses on the basic content such as: First, the intellectuals provide the scientific arguments for policy making process of the Party and the State With a high level of creativity, high responsibility with the people and development of the country, through deep research into Marxism, Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s thought, the advanced ideas of humanity, organizing independent research, survey, examination, conference, etc., the intellectuals have been providing scientific arguments for the Party and the State to create policies for the development of our nation Second, the intellectuals develop a high quality workforce to meet the requirements of pushing the cause of industrialization and modernization of our country They are the main workforce for the creation and spreading of knowledge, through activities such as: construct curriculums, direct involvement in teaching, editing, publishing syllabus, learning documents, research, supervision, internship, etc., the intellectuals have contributed to the education and training, improving the specialized knowledge, technical skill, politically reasoning skill for a high quality workforce Third, the intellectuals research to create, apply and transfer science and technology to pushing the cause of national industrialization and modernization With a high level of education and specialty, the intellectuals have studied deeply to create a system of scientific and technological knowledge Furthermore, they also apply the science and technology values, the innovation to become material for production; transfer the achievements of science and technology to organizations and individuals in order to upgrade the resources and means of production, contribute to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of production, modernize the society Fourth, the intellectuals help build an advanced Vietnamese culture, rich in national identity, through researching, the intellectuals have created products of cultural and artistic values In addition, the intellectuals also contribute to the preservation and introduction traditional cultural values; receiving the high culture of humanity; identify, analyze and refute the conspiracies, distorted arguments of the enemies to protect the foundational thought of the Party Fifth, the intellectuals act as social critics to contribute for refinement of policies and laws of the State and the Party With an advantage of 11 specialized knowledge, a sensitivity toward the changing era, through social critiques, the intellectuals have given arguments, evidences, pointed out the reasonable and feasible parts as well as the unreasonable parts so that the Party and the State can refine their policies and socioeconomic development proposal; those policies and proposals then could be implemented with a society wide consensus, avoiding mistakes and wasting the people’s efforts and resources 2.2.2 Factors influencing the role of Vietnamese intellectuals First, the traditional culture, psychology and customs of the Vietnamese nation have influenced the intellectuals Our nation with beautiful and benevolent traditions and customs have nourished the spirit and emotion, improve the awareness of responsibility, create the motivation for the intellectuals to rise higher in their creative labour, thus contribute more to the development of the nation However, beside, our nation still has out-of-date customs that limit the development of the role of Vietnamese intellectuals The second influencing factor is the policies, guidelines and regime of the State and the Party If the policies, guidelines and regime of the Party and the State are advanced, good, and suitable with the reality of our nation, they can fully awake the potentialities, push the passions to fulfill the role of the intellectuals; if not, they could limit or bring disorientation for the fulfillment of the role of the intellectuals The third influencing factor is education and training If receiving a modern, high quality, scientific education and training, the learners will become of higher quality, thus forming better intellectuals, both in quantity and quality This could contribute greatly to the development of the country If this is not the case, an obsolete educational system, a system that is not well-rounded, will bring negative influence to the quality of the fulfillment of the role of the intellectuals The fourth influencing factor is the conditio and environment If the intellectuals live in a democratic, healthy, high living standard, modern, internationally integrated, open environment, they will be more stimulated to create, devote, improve their quality of work, fulfilling their role better; if the environment is not democratic, unhealthy, obsolete, it will not only hinder but damage the talents, creativity, and devotion of the intellectuals The final influencing factor is the quantity, quality and structure of the intellectuals If a nation has a good number of intellectuals with high quality and balanced structure, the intellectuals will create a power, unified force to support each other to fulfill their role; if this is not the case, it will be difficult for them to cooperate, and the quality of work will not be ensure as a result 12 Chapter summary Since the ancient time, the intellectuals always play an important role in the survival and development of society The problems concerning them always receive a special attention from leaders, scientists and all society In Vietnam, the problem concerning the intellectuals is looked at from the conception of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s thought, and viewpoints of Communist Party of Vietnam Since the Rennovation, the intellectuals have contributed greatly in all aspects of society Their role cannot be dismissed in the achievements of historical meaning our nation has achieved Chapter THE ROLE OF HCMC’S INTELECTUALS NOWADAYS AND SOME RAISED ISSUES 3.1 Overview on HCMC and the characteristic of its intellectuals 3.1.1 HCMC’s overview The geography, history, economics, culture, society are the condition for the formation of the intellectuals in HCMC; they determine the characteristics and affect the fulfillment of the role of the intellectuals nowadays 3.1.2 Characteristics of HCMC’s intellectuals Besides sharing the general characteristics of Vietnamese intellectuals, HCMC’s intellectuals also have their own characteristics: First, HCMC’s intellectuals form and develop together with the history and development of HCMC HCMC has a history of establishment later than other provinces and cities in the country, however, the intellectuals here have developed the tradition “The iron land Thanh Dong”, they have always followed the people of the city and the whole country in nation liberation and renovation After more than 40 years of liberation, HCMC has developed in all aspects, this development has created a favourable condition for the strong growth of its intellectuals Second, HCMC’s intellectuals come from different places, both domestically and internationally Due to its historical circumstances, their favourable socio-economic conditions, the requirement for development in a changing ear, HCMC has become an intellectual hub, the intellectuals here come from many different places, both from domestic and overseas Third, HCMC’s intellectuals are very active, creative and apdative with market economy Originated from the natural condition and socioeconomic condition of HCMC, especially, the early birth of a Western capitalist and the objective requirement from the transformation process, 13 the people of HCMC and the intellectuals are very active, creative and adapt very quickly with the market economy Fourth, HCMC’s intellectuals have conditions for working and living better compared with many other regions in the country With a favourable geography and natural condition, and a highly integrated socio-economic and culture, HCMC’s intellectuals have better conditions for working and living compared with other regions in the country Fifth, HCMC’s intellectuals grow in both quantity and quality and have a diverse structure Nowadays, HCMC’s intellectuals are 20% of the total number of intellectuals of the country From 2002-2015, the number of people with bachelor degree has grown 6.2 times, with master degree grown 4.6 times, with doctorate grown 2.2 times Just in terms of people holding doctoral degree, there are the most people in education and training, 53.7%; the second place is medical and social works with 18.6%, other fields take up the rest There are the most people with bachelor degree or higher in the government sector There is a trend for younger people with higher education in HCMC 3.2 The role of HCMC’s intellectuals nowadays – Accomplishments and limitations 3.2.1 Fulfilling the role of providing the scientific arguments for the municipal party committee and authority to create policy for the development of the city – Accomplishments and limitations First, concerning the achievements, since the Doi Moi, through researching the theoretical questions and understanding the reality, especially, through conducting special research projects of the City level, the intellectuals have provided many scientific arguments of high value for socio-economic, education and training, science and technology, culture and art, etc., for the Municipal Party Committee and the Authority to create policies and directions for the development of HCMC Those arguments not only show a deep appreciation of the directions and policies of the Party and the State; but also the pro-activeness, creativity, initiative in utilizing the potential and advantages that are suitable for the historical and social characteristics of HCMC in each specific domain Those correct arguments are one of the main reasons for such huge achievements that HCMC has performed during the changing era That result is a product of the intellects of all people, in which, the contribution of the intellectuals cannot not be stressed enough Second, concerning the limitations, the number of theoretical research and practical issues research done by the intellectuals are still small when compared with the number of intellectuals available There are many 14 problems arising in the changing era that have not been explored The scientific arguments provided by the intellectuals to the authority and the Municipal Party Committee are not of high quality and of strategic level, there are no breakthroughs in making policy and direction for the development of the city to be more sustainable and faster As a result, the Municipal Party Committee and the Authority of the city have exhibited some confusion and hesitation when confronted with new problems 3.2.2 Fulfilling the role of developing human resources to meet the requirement of HCMC’s industrialization and modernization – Accomplishments and limitations Accomplishments: First of all, the intellectuals have contributed to the scale of training the human resource of high quality (HRHQ) In the period from 2000-2015, the number of colleges, universities in HCMC has grown 4.6 times, the number of lecturers has grown 3.9 times, the number of university students has grown 3.8 times Through the work of editing curriculum, teaching and learning documents, and direct involvement in the reaching, the intellectuals have helped improve the expertise of thousands of HRHQ of the city In 2005, there graduated 49,437 students; while in 2015, there graduated 121,476 students (2.5 times higher) Moreover, to improve the level of political reasoning for the HRHQ, the intellectuals in many educational facilities have organized research and classes for the subject of political reasoning and philosophy for students systematically The intellectuals in Politics school have opened hundreds of intermediate political-administrative reasoning, advanced political reasoning to train and nourish the managerial officials, leaders of all levels in the political system As a consequence, the level of political reasoning of HRHQ in HCMC have improved Regarding on the core members, in 2001, there were only 50% officials hold advanced degree of political reasoning, in 2015, there were 97.8% officials hold advanced degree of political reasoning With these contributions, the intellectuals not only create a condition for HCMC to transform its political system, improve the quality of operation for the Government; but also quicken the process of economic structure readjustment, pushing modernization and industrialization with a knowledge economy and international integration Limitations: The scale of education and training for HRHQ has not met the requirements for the development of the city There are 30.07% of the human workforce in HCMC that have not completed technical training The shortage of HRHQ is happening in all kinds of works, economic sectors Furthermore, there is a lack of balance among the scale of each level of education and training: with the same timeline, the college and 15 university level have grown times higher and the number of graduates have grown 2.14 times higher than the vocational schools The activities to equip knowledge, improve expertise, political reasoning level for the HRHQ have not occurred enough in quantity and are limited in quality The outcome is that the number of university graduates who could not find jobs, and have to be retrained is very high The work of improving political reasoning level for HRHQ is still limited in content and methodology These limitations create a significant barrier for the Municipal Party Committee and Authority to implement breakthrough policies to fasten the sustainable development of HCMC 3.2.3 Fulfilling the role of innovating, applying and transferring science and techonology to strengthen the industrialization and modernization of HCMC – Accomplishments and limitations Accomplishments: Through researching, innovating, applying and transferring science and technology, the intellectuals have contributed in the promotion of science and technology in HCMC in all areas such as: high tech, industrial technology, automation, agriculture, food safety, environmental protection, urban management, spear-heading industries, high quality services From the results of the activities conducted by the intellectuals, the amount of science and technology in HCMC’s economy has increased significantly, the ratio of total factor productivity in GDP structure of HCMC has become higher The application of science and technology not only pushing the economic restructuring of the entire HCMC economy, it also affects strongly the restructuring of each economic sector toward the direction of more modernization and efficiency With that contribution, the intellectuals also contribute to the improvement of science and technology’s potential, creating a foundation for HCMC to fastening the industrialization and modernization to transitioning into a period of development according to the depth dimension, moving into a knowledge economy, it is an important basis for HCMC to implement its plan of constructing a “smart city” in the future Limitations: The research on innovation of HCMC’s intellectuals has not met the requirement of the city’s development The number of university lectures and the number of researchers in research centers and institutes in HCMC’s region take up only a small proportion, the number of research is small, the quality is not high The number of works published in international journals of high credentials and the number of innovation registered internationally are still small The potential for science and technology is still far from the level of advanced countries in the world, certain areas are facing the threat of falling behind The rate of 16 applying the research results from science and technology project to actual production is quite low The amount of scientific knowledge and surplus value of products is small, the process of changing into new technology is slow The total factor productivity contributes to economic growth compared with other countries in the region is far apart The research on decoding and domesticate the foreign technology is not enough, has not contributed significantly into the upgrade of technological level in the production and business facilities These limitations are a challenge toward HCMC in transforming into a new economic model, improving the quality of growth, the ability to compete in the time of international integration nowadays 3.2.4 Fulfilling the role of construcing and developing an advanced HCMC’s culture deeply imbued with national identity – accomplishments and limitations Accomplishments: Since the Doi Moi, the intellectuals have created many cultural works and products of high value Those creative works not only confirm the fine values of the Vietnamese people and nation; but also, help to clarify the historical development of Sai Gon – Gia Dinh – HCMC region; they have helped to deepen and enrich the culture of HCMC The intellectuals have surveyed, discovered, collected many valuable objects and documents about culture, as a result, reconstruct and complete the cultural value of HCMC This work has helped educate our traditions and nourish the love for the Motherland The intellectuals also survey and create a profile for cultural heritages to submit to the authority for acknowledgement; they criticize and fight for the distorted views on the aesthetics, this has helped educate and orient the value of beauty, goodness and sincerity for the mass; they spread and promote the cultural value of the city toward all people; they receive the essence of other cultures and humanity to enrich the national culture and HCMC culture; they are the forefront in fighting against the distorted views of the enemies to improve understanding and “immunity” (against those views) for the people, as a result, contribute to the protection of the foundation of thought of the Party, and the State Therefore, in the changing era, the intellectuals not only build a foundation, both mentally and physically, but also, play an important role in creating the foundation for a spiritual life for the city; they create a foundation for the survival and development of HCMC’s society Limitations: The quantity, quality of the works on culture and art of the intellectuals are humbling, there has not been one cultural work that match the title of one of the cultural centers for the country The work of literature and art critique is still highly fragmented, lacks organization and 17 quality; the work of profiling to propose for the acknowledgement of heritages is slow; the work of museums is too uniformed and lack of new contents In terms of information and media, there are intellectuals who not follow the guidelines and directions, and not fulfill the purpose of journalism The receipt of cultural values of other nations is still limited, the work of introducing and promoting outstanding cultural and art works of the city to the world lacks pro-activeness The intellectuals lack professionalism and sensitivity, a fighting attitude in the work of defending the thoughts of the Party and the policies of the State and the city These limitations make the “internal” strength of the city not express itself in full; not only there is a lack of inspiration and impacts toward the socio-economic development, but the cultural values are facing a threat of fading away; these have negative impacts to political stability in HCMC as well as the whole country 3.2.5 Fulfilling the role of social criticism to help perfecting the directions and policies and socio-economic development proposals of the Municipal party committee and City Authority – accomplishment and limitations Accomplishments: In the Renovation era, the intellectuals have participated actively in giving critique for many socio-economic development proposals, projects proposed by the City hall, People’s Committee, the Departments of HCMC The critiques of the intellectuals have been received well by the Municipal Party Committee in HCMC, they have used some of these critiques in their documents submitting to the Party National Congress The intellectuals also give critiques for the draft of Constitution, hundreds of drafts of the law, and other documents; as a result, they help the State to perfect the tool to adjust different social relations Moreover, the intellectuals also works on the critiques for the socio-economic development proposals of HCMC authority, help the authority by providing scientific arguments to adjust their policies in time and bring positive effects It is possible to state that the social critique activities of the intellectuals not only improve the level of intelligence in the political decisions, but they also make sure the Municipal Party Committee and Authority of HCMC implement the policies that are closed to the reality, avoiding unnecessary mistakes, solidify the support of all parts of society; this, in turn, contributes to the socio-economic development, the political-security stability, the trust of the people in HCMC Limitations: There are many directions and policies, plans and projects, socio-economic development programs in HCMC that have not been critiqued by the intellectuals comprehensively and timely The 18 quality of critiques is still limited, there is not enough critique of strategic importance to build a scientific basis for the Municipal Party Committee and the Authority to make policies and define directions of a faster and stronger development of HCMC The content, the method of social critique is still fragmented and lacks professionalism, and depth There is a group of intellectuals, especially the younger ones, that lacks the selfcontrol and holds an indifferent attitude toward the big problems of the city as well as the nation These limitations bring about a negative impact on the quantity and quality of the social critique activity in HCMC 3.3 The raised issues for the promotion of the role of HCMC’s intellectuals in the current period 3.3.1 The limitations in understanding of some HCMC citizens on the role of the intellectuals in the period of promoting industrialization and modernization of the country In the political system, the understanding of some officials and party members regarding the role of the intellectuals is not adequate, as a result, they have not been able to enforce the views of the municipal party committee and authority of HCMC regarding intellectual work Some leaders and managers have not been willing to listen to the critiques of the intellectuals In society, the application of science and technology, culture and art into daily life is still limited In production and business, some enterprises have not fully understood the importance of science and technology, culture and art toward the development of each company Some intellectuals, especially the younger ones, have not fully appreciated their own role and position in the industrialization and modernization 3.3.2 The limitations in hiring and using that lead to the limitation in fulfilling the role of HCMC’s intellectuals The hiring of official positions in some organization, especially, in Governmental organization is not transparent and objective The appointment and assignment process has many weaknesses that have not created a condition for the intellectuals to fulfill their role optimally The use of intellectuals, especially young intellectuals, retired intellectuals but remain in good health and good spirit is not paid enough attention The use of intellectuals that are outside the Party hinges on the political opinions too much, without assigning proper weigh on their ability and effectiveness The use of Vietnamese intellectuals living outside the country is still limited due to some directions and policies 3.3.3 The lacks of encouragment of the creative activities, devotion of the intellectuals in HCMC The environment in the society and in organizations of the 19 intellectuals is not fully democratic and healthy The work of implementing and financial payment toward the science and technology work hinges too much on the mechanism of “give and take”, there are too many unnecessary administrative procedures The importance of the connection and cooperation among universities, research centers, institutes, businesses is not fully appreciated Science and technology, culture and art market in HCMC is still at the beginning stage 3.3.4 The limitations of training and education that make HCMC’s intellectuals fall short of the requirments of the city’s development The percentage of students in total population of HCMC is still low The method of training the intellectuals is not up to date with the trend of the world The scale of recruiting in university has increased but the number of lecturers has not The scarcity of scientific titles is quite common in all fields, sectors, and organizations in HCMC Certain contents, educational programs are slow to update The teaching methods of some lecturers are still too traditional, not encouraging the learners to create and self-direct The management and checking of training quality is not strict, thus the development of the scale does not match the quality of education 3.3.5 The compensation policy is not deserving for the contribution of HCMC’s intellectuals The compensation policy toward the intellectuals is egalitarian; they have not taken into account the material and spiritual needs of this group of people so that they could focus whole-heartedly on creating and devoting for intellectual works The payment outside of salary of these intellectuals is not consolidated There is much problem in terms of housing, means of transportation toward the intellectuals, especially, the young intellectuals The policy of appraising, honoring the intellectuals is weighed down by too much administrative procedures The socialization of honoring, appraising intellectuals has not been promoted enough Chapter Summary Besides the general characteristics of Vietnamese intellectuals, because of its own natural conditions, historical and social circumstances, HCMC’s intellectuals have their own characteristics Since Doi Moi, before the requirement of industrialization, modernization with knowledge economy and international integration, the intellectuals have many contributions into the development of the city However, besides the achievements, the role of HCMC’s intellectuals still has many limitations Those limitations require the Municipal party committee and the authority and each individual intellectual to seriously consider them objectively to find our appropriate and scientific solutions timely 20 Chapter SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUALS IN HO CHI MINH CITY IN THE PRESENT PERIOD 4.1 Raising awareness among HCM City people about the role of the intellectuals in today’s times First, for the people There needs to be stronger propanganda, education, training, competitions and conferences, all of which should focus on propaganda in the form of classroom, educational material compilation When conducting these activities, besides the public format, there needs to be a focus on some outstanding figures such as leaders of local companies, excellent students Second, for leaders and management staff There is a need for heightening the intellectual level of leaders at the Communist Party Committee level through improved teaching and researching quality, concentrating on studies of the direction and policies of the Party concerning the role of the intellectuals Leaders and management staff must be flexible in handling each decision and solving problems; especially in the face of social critique from intellectuals For state employees specialized in education and trainin, science and technology, culture and arts, they need proper training and exercises Third, for the group of intellectuals in HCM City They need to be aware of their position, role and responsibility in the development of society, cannot stay inactive and dependent but should rather strive and overcome difficulties to become stronger and better in their expertise, in turn contributing to the construction and development of HCM City itself as well as the whole country 4.2 Perfecting the policies to employ the intellectuals in Ho Chi Minh City First, completing the recruitment and appointment policies All job recruitment announcements should be made public The process of examination or selection must be objective There needs to be flexible and sutiable policy in employing people for each position Appointing intellectuals via examination should be strengthened The examinations need to focus on the quality and content of each project and program The grading council must be objective and responsible Second, intensifying the employment of young and old intellectuals who have talents and health Young talented intellectuals need to be appointed to key management and leadership positions; be tasked with heading some projects and city- or ministry-level science programs, under the guidance of intellectuals who have more experience Intellectuals who 21 are old and have retired but still remain in good health should also be able to continue working Third, boosting the employment of intellectuals who are not Party members The leadership and managmeent positions must be outlined clearly—which ones to be held by Party members and which ones to be to held by non-Party members The appointment needs to take bolder step in letting non-Party member intellectuals take the lead in certain offices where they can utilize their experience and expertise Fourth, utilizing the source of intellectual people who are of Vietnamese origin but now living overseas There needs to be a smooth, clear and suitable preferential policies to attract overseas intellectual Vietnamese to return to HCM City to work and contribute 4.3 Creating an environment and conditions conducive to promoting effectively the role of intellectuals in Ho Chi Minh City First, creating a healthy, democratic social environment in agencies working in education-training, science-technology, and culture-arts To create a democratice environment in the creative operation of intellectual staff, the democratic principle must be implemented, in line with the law and the interests of the people, for the sake of the city’s prosperity All intellectual offices and organziations must unite and help each other to become better Second, perfecting the mechanism and policy conducting sciencetechnology projects and related financial processing Boosting the format of transparent, publicized auction, based on criteria for each individual and organization that wants to conduct a science-technology project Bringing in more science-technology projects and subjects that deal with urgent matters Boosting financial inspection and scrutiny to have timely adjustments There also needs to be a mechanism for related financial processing that is oriented toward reducing paperwork Pushing for autonomy in finance in the implementation of science-technology projects Third, strengthening linkage and cooperation among universities, centers, institutes, and businesses To overcome shortcomings in human resources, material resources, as well as to boost private participation in the fields of education-training, science-technology, culture-arts, there needs to be a formation of an education-research-production complex in which there is tight relationship between a training center and research institute or between a research institute and a business Fourth, developing products and market for science-technology, culture-arts Boosting the development of this market to free up work in the hands of the intellectuals, allowing them to focus more on their 22 creative work Developing a market for science-technology and culturearts no only creates an important legal foundation to pay tribute to the intellectuals’ contributions but also to encourage them futher to contribute Fifth, increasing investment budget for science-technology and boosting international exchange and cooperation There needs to be bigger budget for investment in activities of the intellectuals Boosting private investment by calling on local companies to invest in building the basic infrastructure serving education-training, science-technology, and culturearts International exchange cooperation should also be strengthened Sixth, combining the completion and construction of some sciencetechnology research establishments to be on par with univerities in the region and world Research facilities and universities must be improved or rebuilt anew to be on par with those in the region and the world, which will help raise the profile, potential of Vietnam in science-technology In addition, this will also create favorable conditions and environment to faciliate the creative work of the intellectuals and attract more talents, easing the talent drain today 4.4 Renovating the education and training of intellectuals in Ho Chi Minh City First, increasing criteria and diversifying the formats in conjunction with adjusting the structure and quality of training The size of training, especially criteria for student enrollment after college, must be raised Training formats should also be increased: allowing students to study and work at the same time, or to pursue distance learning and obtain two degrees Adjusting the structure of training to ensure a scientific and suitable training format There should be more training in the field of science-technology The quality of checking and evaluation process must ensure that training grows in both number and quality, prevent the commercialization of education Second, renovating the content, programs and training methods There needs to be a recheck and re-evalution of the complete content and program to create the basis for adding new content that meets the international standard Leading scientists at home and overseas should be invited over Renovating the pedagogical methods and upgrading teaching equipment Third, retraining the intellectuals and the leading intellectuals Conducting regular retraining in their specialty for the intellectuals, especially in foreign languages and computer science Raising the budget for post-graduate training Selecting young scientists with potential and sending them to countries with advanced education system or sciencetechnology progress 23 Fourth, boosting the training for master’s and doctorate degree holders of the municipal Party Committee, in line with the direction of raising the number of graduates, expanding the application pool, and hold regular program review 4.5 Renovation of the policies giving both material and spiritual favors for intellectuals in Ho Chi Minh City First, strongly renovating the salary and bonus allowance policies for the intellectuals The policies must pay attention to thte special characteristics of the labor type, and conditions in HCM City, be based on the job location and the work efficiency, following the development of society The bonus needs to be raised as well There should also be support in terms of housing and transport Second, perfecting the mechanism and policies on accolades for intellectuals Administrative procedures must be simplified Praises must be based on public acknowledgement The award level must be higher to be suitable with the intellectuals’ contribution More awards should be created Chapter summary Since the Renovation till today, the work of promoting the role of the intellectuals in HCMC has achieved some huge achievements However, this work still has certain limitations Therefore, proposing scientific solutions to promote their role further is one of the most urgent tasks today With the tradition of the “steel land and iron city,” we believe that if the above mentioned solutions are implemented, not only will they meet the long awaited demand of the intellectuals but they will also create the favorable conditions for this group to promote their role more effectively and contribute more to the Cause of industrialization, modernization, the development of a knowledge based economy and international integration in Ho Chi Minh City OVERALL CONCLUSION In front of the requirement of the national development, the research on the role of HCMC’s intellectuals not only posses theoretical but also practical significance Besides, the research on “the role of HCMC’s intellectuals in current period” is also of urgent matter because HCMC is a place with a high number of intellectuals, but the work to promote the role of these people are still limited Based on a full agreement with the viewpoints of the Communist Party of Vietnam on intellectuals, the dissertation has raised five basic characteristic to identify intellectuals Based on the purpose, object and tasks of the research, the dissertation has analyzed five roles and pointed out five factors influencing the role of Vietnamese intellectuals in current period 24 As for HCMC, the natural, geographical, historical, economic, cultural and social conditions have determined the specific characteristics and the role of the intellectuals After 30 years of the Cause of Renovation, HCMC has achieved many successes; one of a factor contributing to these successes is the important role of the intellectuals The intellectuals increasingly play important role of building HCMC into a city of high living standards, with civilized, modern and friendly lifestyle However, due to various reasons, the role of the intellectuals has not met the requirements of the development of the city Therefore, to explore in depth the causes and propose the solutions for efficient promotion of the role of the intellectuals is necessary In the coming future, the problem such as: young intellectuals, women intellectuals, oversea Vietnamese intellectuals in HCMC are those with theoretical and practical importance, they will be further explored in the further works of the author of the dissertation ... Chi Minh city in the current period” The Processing of the City level Conference “Development of high quality human resources to meet the demands of the restructuring of the economy of Ho Chi Minh. .. the quality of the lecturers of the Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry”, The Education Review, No 388, p 21-24 Bieu Quoc Thang (2016) “Ho Chi Minh thougth on the role of the Youth in the... develop the entire society Second, Ho Chi Minh s thought and conception of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) on intellectuals, according to Ho Chi Minh, knowledge is understanding The intellectuals