Công nghệ thông tin cho dạy học tích cực

Cụng ngh thụng tin cho DY HC TCH CC Gii thiu Ngi ta tin rng, Cụng nghờ thụng tin & truyn thụng (CNTT) co thờ em lai gia tri cho qua trinh giang day va hoc tõp Trờn th gii, cỏc chớnh sỏch mi v i mi giỏo dc c xõy dng da trờn tin v trin vng ca tớch hp CNTT mụt cach co hiu qu vao dy hc Vit Nam, vic ng dng CNTT giỏo dc cng rt c mong i Cỏc nh giỏo dc Vit Nam c khuyn khớch ng dng CNTT hp lý tt c cỏc lp v cỏc mụn hc Trờn thc t, vic s dng CNTT cho ging dy hin cũn hn ch Do ú cỏc giỏo viờn cn c chun b cho vai trũ mi v cn bit CNTT c ng dng nh th no thỳc y quỏ trỡnh hc hng ti dy & hc tớch cc (DHTC) CNTT cn c coi nh mt khớa cnh c bit quan trong hnh trang húa dy hc ca th k 21, h tr cỏc mụ hỡnh phỏt trin chuyn i mi cho phộp m rng bn cht v kt qu hc ca giỏo viờn cho dự vic hc ú din õu (Leach, 2005) B cụng c CNTT cho DHTC B cụng c ny l mt n lc nhm chun b cho giỏo viờn vai trũ mi v cho thy cỏch CNTT cú th c s dng nh th no cho qua trinh DHTC B cụng c gii thiu mt s cụng c c s dng cho DHTC Tt c cỏc cụng c v thit k hng dn u úng gúp vo quỏ trỡnh giỏo viờn v hc viờn xõy dng kin thc v hiu bit v th gii xung quanh thụng qua tri nghim tớch cc, th nghim v suy ngm s tng tỏc vi v tng tỏc vi ti liu hc im u cho vic la chn cỏc cụng c ny l d s dng i vi giỏo viờn v ngi hc, d tỡm v cú sn (phn ln l phớ) Tt c cỏc cụng c u cú tim nng i mi v/hoc chuyn i vic dy v hc Do ú chỳng luụn l mt thnh t thit k hng dn thỳc y cụng ngh Cỏc cụng c khỏc cú th h tr cho hc hp tỏc, gii quyt , hc cú ý ngha, Cỏc cụng c v cỏc thit k hng dn sau c gii thiu b cụng c: * Bn t * Cõu chuyn hinh anh * Bi vit chia s * Mụ phng * Thc hnh & Luyn * Webquest * Trỡnh chiu Cỏch thc s dng b cụng c B cụng c bao gm mụ-un Mi mụ-un gii thiu ngn gn v mt cụng c v thit k hng dn, cho phộp thy tỏc dng ca thit k hng dn thỳc y cụng ngh ú Trong mi mụ-un, ngi s dung s tỡm thy cỏc vớ d minh v ý tng s dng mt phng phỏp no ú thc tin ging dy v hc tp, nhng suy ngm v giỏ tr gia tng ca cụng c, cng nh mt s hng dn v li khuyờn m õu Trong tt c cỏc mụ-un u cú phn trớch dn v ti liu tham kho, thng bao gm suy ngm ca cỏc giỏo viờn khỏc v mt cụng c hay phng phỏp c th, ng thi cng cho phộp ngi s dung cú th ly thờm thụng tin Phn cui mi cụng c u cú bi t kim tra cho phộp ỏnh giỏ kin thc ca ngi s dung v mụ un ú B cụng c cú th c s dng cho cỏc mc ớch sau : * Nh mt gúi ti liu t hc v CNTT cho DHTC Cụng ngh thụng tin cho DY HC TCH CC Ngi s dung cú th hon thnh b cụng c tc ca mỡnh Sau ú, ngi s dung s c gii thiu mt s kh nng ng dng CNTT hot ng dy & hc Cụng c s khớch l ban thõn ngi s dung lm iu gỡ ú cụng tỏc dy hc ca mỡnh * Nh mt cụng c hun B cụng c cú th c s dng cho cỏc mc ớch hun: l ti liu tham kho cho hun v cụng ngh v phng phỏp, l chng trỡnh hc v ng dng CNTT dy & hc vi nhiu vớ d minh v lnh vc ỏp dng * Nh mt ng lc thỳc y lm vic hp tỏc v im u cho vic suy ngm v phng phỏp v thit k hng dn thỳc y cụng ngh B cụng c l s gii thiu v cha th hon ho c Vi thờ khuyờn khich cac nha giao duc khỏm phỏ v ỏp dng cỏc thit k, hp tỏc ng dng v tho lun, nhn xột v cỏc ý tng ó c a * Nh Vớ d cỏc mụn hc Cỏc vớ d cho mi cụng c v thit k hng dn s dng cỏc mụn hc khỏc c a Cỏc vớ d khụng phi luụn liờn quan trc tip ti ni dung chng trỡnh ging dy hay sỏch giỏo khoa, nhng cú th khớch l cỏc giỏo viờn b mụn v cỏc cac hinh thc s dung cụng cu cho nhng mc ớch v cỏc khớa cnh khỏc ca mt bi hc (ng nóo, gii thiu, tho lun, phn hi, ụn tp, tng kt,) Cỏc vớ d c trich t hoat ụng hoc tõp t bc tiu hc n trung hc v cao ng, i hc (s phm) Cú th tỡm thy tt c cỏc vớ d ca cỏc nhúm mụn hc sau : * Toỏn, Vt lý, Húa hc, Cụng ngh * Khoa hc xó hi, Giỏo dc, Tõm lý * a lý, Sinh hc, Lch s, Giỏo dc th cht * Vn hc, Ngụn ng, m nhc v M thut Mi mụ-un u cú phn nghiờn cu tỡnh chi tit v cỏch thc cỏc thit k hng dõn c th c dựng bi cnh mt gi hc c th Cỏc vớ d ny cú sn phm minh ha, k hoch bi hc v/hoc on video ớnh kốm Thit k hng dn thỳc y cụng ngh Cỏc cụng c luụn l mt thnh t ca thit k hng dn thỳc y cụng ngh Ngoi vic gii thiu cỏc cụng c, b cụng c trc tiờn khuyn khớch vic suy ngm v phng phỏp giang day v vic hc ca ngi hoc Bn thõn cỏc cụng c khụng t ng thay i cụng tỏc ging dy v hot ng hc Tt c u ph thuc vo cỏch thc giỏo viờn v ngi hc s dng cỏc cụng c Tt c cỏc cụng c u cú tim nng i mi v/hoc chuyn i vic dy v hc, ly ngi hc v nhng ỏp dng vo th gii thc t lm trng tõm. T mc cao Tớnh phc hp hc K nng c bn a Gii quyt cc p vi ti liu thc h t t Mụ phng ỏc hc x Mụi trng d liu h h hỡnh nh/õm n nghiờn cu trc tuyn Tớ trỡn truyn thụng trc tuyn ỏ u c q h Trc quan hn t húa Cụng c ng dng c i nh B H thng i c o hng dn B nt tớch hp õ Thc hnh nh v luyn Ging H tr Kin to Cỏch tip cn hng dn hc th ny biu din mi quan h gia s phc ca vic hc vi phng phỏp hng dn cho vic hc theo liờn tc cac thiờt kờ hng dõn CNTT (NCREL, 2003) Cỏc cụng c khỏc u cú nhng tim nng riờng thỳc y vic dy v hc Vớ d: Phn ln cỏc bi Thc hnh v Luyn giỏo viờn xõy dng kim tra kin thc hoc k nng c bn ca ngi hc Cỏc Mụ phng li thng c dựng cho cỏc k nng t cp cao hn ngi hc phi t xõy dng kin thc v hiu bit gia cỏc cụng c ny l cỏc cụng c Trỡnh chiờu trỡnh by & hỡnh nh húa, Webquest t chc nghiờn cu trc tuyn, da trờn , Cõu chuyn hỡnh nh kt hp cỏc d liu video & õm thanh, cỏc cụng c to sn phm nh phn mm soan thao bn to Bi vit chia s Nh vy rừ rng l ng dng CNTT khụng ch n thun l v bn thõn cụng c m c v giỏo dc v cỏch thc giỏo viờn v ngi hc s dng cỏc cụng c ny h tr vic dy & hc Ti liu tham kho NCREL (2003) Cỏc k nng ca th k 21: S hiu bit thi i k thut s North Central Regional Educational Laboratory (NCREL) Cụng ngh thụng tin cho DY HC TCH CC Phỏt trin Chuyờn mụn v ng dng CNTT thc tin ging dy u vo v Cụng ngh, Phng phỏp & Ni dung Trong b cụng c ny ngi hc/hc viờn s thy u vo cho cỏc khớa cnh khỏc ca quỏ trỡnh phỏt trin chuyờn mụn khụng ngng, trung vo kin thc v mt cụng ngh, kin thc phng phỏp cng nh s tỏc ng ln ca hai loi kin thc ny Cỏc vớ d mụn hc cp ti kin thc ni dung v nhm khớch l cỏc giỏo viờn b mụn Ngi hc s tựy ý la chn u vo no l phự hp nht i vi giai on ca mỡnh quỏ trỡnh phỏt trin chuyờn mụn ng dng CNTT dy v hc l mt quỏ trỡnh thng xuyờn din theo mt s giai on Trc tiờn cn phi u t vo s sn cú v cú th tip cn ca cụng ngh v bi dng k nng Cỏc giỏo viờn ó c hun v CNTT cõn phai hiờu rng at c ky nng CNTT, iờu o co nghia la khụng nhng giỏo viờn ma ngi hc cng cn phi bit cỏch lm vic vi cỏc phng tin v cụng ngh Mt yu t quan trng khỏc l hun v phng phỏp s dng CNTT dy & hc Bi dng k nng cng nh bi dng v mt phng phỏp l nhng yu t bt buc ca qua trinh phỏt trin chuyờn mụn liờn tc cú th t tin ng dng CNTT dy hc Tt nhiờn giỏo viờn cn cú hiu bit sõu sc v ni dung h ang ging dy Kin thc v cụng ngh, phng phỏp v ni dung Kin thc v phng phỏp v cụng ngh Kin thc v cụng ngh Kin thc v phng phỏp Kin thc v ni dung Kin thc v ni dung v phng phỏp Bi cnh Kin thc v ni dung v cụng ngh Mụ hỡnh TPACK (Teachnological pedagogical content knowledge - Kin thc v ni dung, phng phỏp v cụng ngh) hỡnh nh húa cỏc thnh t quan trng ca qua trinh phỏt trin chuyờn mụn liờn tc Mụ hỡnh a cỏi nhỡn tng quan v ba dng c bn ca kin thc m mt giỏo viờn cn cú ng dng CNTT vo vic dy hc ca mỡnh: Kin thc cụng ngh (TK), Kin thc phng phỏp (PK) v kin thc ni dung (CK), cng nh mi quan h v tng tỏc gia chỳng Mt giỏo viờn cú kh nng kt hp tt c ba dng c bn ca kin thc se at c s thụng thao khac biờt va tụt hn kin thc ca mt chuyờn gia b mụn (nh toỏn hc hoc nh s hc), mt chuyờn gia cụng ngh (nh khoa hc mỏy tớnh) v mt chuyờn gia phng phỏp (mt nh giỏo dc hc kinh nghim) Phỏt trin chuyờn mụn ú nờn bt u t ỏnh giỏ v suy ngm v nhu cu bi dng (ca cỏ nhõn) Do b cụng c cú th c s dng nh mt gúi t hc v/hoc mt cụng c hun v ng dng CNTT cho DHTC, bi t kim tra cho phep giỏo viờn anh gia ban thõn ang mc no v/hoc hc viờn ỏnh giỏ nhu cu hun v kin thc cụng ngh, kin thc phng phỏp v kin thc phng phỏp- cụng ngh B cụng c nhm xõy dng nng lc v tng cng kin thc v cỏc khớa cnh ng dng CNTT giỏo dc Tham kho bi t ỏnh giỏ kin thc v mt cụng ngh, phng phỏp v cụng ngh v phng phỏp ph lc Ti liu tham kho * http://tpack.org * Schmidt, D A., Baran, E., Thompson, A D., Mishra, P., Koehler, M J., & Shin, T S (2009) Kin thc v ni dung, phng phỏp v cụng ngh (TPACK): Phỏt trin v kim chng cụng c ỏnh giỏ cho sinh viờn s phm.Tp nghiờn cu v Cụng ngh giỏo dc, 42(2), 42(2), 123-149 Hc qua hanh v hc t ng nghip u vo v cỏc loi kin thc khỏc ch l bc u tiờn quỏ trỡnh ng dng CNTT dy hc Ngi hc cn tip tc vi vic hc qua hanh v hc t ng nghip Ngi hc nờn ỏp dng nhng gỡ ó hc vo vic dy ca mỡnh v mi ng nghip ti d gi v ỏnh giỏ vic dy hc ca mỡnh Mu k hoch bi hc/giỏo ỏn v cụng c d gi/ỏnh giỏ gi hc c xõy dng h tr vic chun b dy hc, d gi v ỏnh giỏ ng nghip Kch bn d gi/ỏnh giỏ gi hc a nhng gi ý v nhng yu t quan trng cho d gi v ỏnh giỏ gi hc hiu qu Cụng ngh thụng tin cho DY HC TCH CC Cụng c d gi/ỏnh giỏ gi hc VVOB cựng vi cỏc c quan, t chc hp tỏc phỏt trin ti H Ni (BTC-c quan hp tỏc k thut B, UNESCO H Ni, Vin khoa hc giỏo dc Vit Nam, Trng bi dng cỏn b giỏo dc H Ni) xõy dng hi tho Xõy dng cỏc cụng c ỏnh giỏ cho giỏo dc vỡ s phỏt trin bn vng nm 2009 Hi tho hp cỏc chuyờn gia Vit Nam v quc t lnh vc giỏo dc Vit Nam, trung vo DHTC Mc tiờu ca hi tho l suy ngm v ỏnh giỏ quỏ trỡnh i mi giỏo dc trờn cỏc quan im khỏc v xõy dng cỏc cụng c cho phộp ỏnh giỏ cht ch v mc tiờu ca DHTC Cụng c s ỏnh giỏ cỏc yu t sau ca gi hc : * Ni dung * Hot ng ca giỏo viờn * Hot ng ca sinh viờn * ng dng CNTT * T chc v qun lý lp hc * Kt qu v sn phm ca gi hc Cụng c d gi/ỏnh giỏ gi hc cú th c dựng v sau d gi cú gúp ý ca ng nghip hay cỏc hi thi giỏo viờn dy gii Ngi s dung cú th tỡm thy Cụng c d gi/ỏnh giỏ gi hc cng nh Kch bn d gi/ỏnh giỏ gi hc phn Cỏc cụng c ỏnh giỏ Tham kho cụng c d gi v ỏnh giỏ gi hc ph lc Kch bn d gi/ỏnh giỏ gi hc d gi v ỏnh giỏ gi hc hiu qu, cn cú mt s yờu cu Thi gian l quan trng Chi phớ tng i cho d gi v gúp ý thng xuyờn cng khụng nờn vt quỏ cỏc li ớch c mụ t Ai tham gia d gi v ỏnh giỏ cng quan trng Trng tõm l hc ln Trong bi cnh d gi gúp ý ng nghip, nhng ngi ỏnh giỏ phi thc s l ng nghip theo ỳng ngha H phi cú chuyờn mụn v bi cnh lm vic tng t, tt nht l nờn dy mụn hc tng t cựng cp hc Mt khỏc, nhng ngi d gi thuục cac mụn hoc khỏc cú th úng gop theo hng a chiờu hn Trong mt hi thi, ban giỏm kho cng ong gop theo mụt phng diờn khac ụi vi qua trinh gop y va anh gia Cui cựng, d gi v ỏnh giỏ phi c tin hnh vi b tiờu thõn thin vi ngi s dng cho phộp khụng ỏnh giỏ v giỏ tr v ỏnh giỏ khỏch quan Cụng c d gi/ỏnh giỏ gi hc ó xõy dng l 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