giáo trình ký sinh trùng phần 1

DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN T R U d N G DAI HOC N O N G LAM P G S.T S N g u y in Thi Kim Lan AT B A N N I N G NGHIEP DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN TRU’O’NG DAI HOC NONG LAM PGS TS NGUYEN THI KIM LAN KY SINH TRUNG VA BENH KY SINH TRUNG THU Y (Giao trinh dung cho dao tao bac Dai hgc) NHA XUAT BAN NONG NGHIEP Ha N 91 - 2012 MUC LUC • • LCJI NOI DAU m odA u 11 Djnh nghia va noi dung mon hoc 11 Moi quan he giua mon ky sinh trung thu y vai cac mon hoc khac 12 Gioi thieu noi dung giao trinh ky sinh trung thu y 13 Phan thtf nhat OAI CU0NG VE KY SINH TRUNG VA BENH KY SINH TRUNG THU Y 15 Chuxrng DAI CLTOHVG VE KY SINH TRUNG THU Y 15 Ky sinh trung va ky chu 15 Bac diem doi song ky sinh cua ky sinh trung 18 Anh huong qua lai giua ky sinh trung va ky chu 26 Chuomg DAI ClTONG VE BENH KY SINH TRUNG THU Y 29 Khai niem ve benh ky sinh trung thu y, quy dinh cach goi ten benh ky sinh trung 29 Mien djch benh ky sinh trung 30 Tac hai cua benh ky sinh trung doi voi sue khoe dong vat va nang suat chan nuoi 33 Bien phap phong tri benh ky sinh trung 35 Dich te hoc benh ky sinh trung va hoc thuyet diet tru benh giun san 38 Phan thuf hai GIUN SAN KY SINH VA BENH GIUN SAN d GIA SUC GIA CAM 45 Chuffng DAI CI/ONG VE GIUN SAN VA BENH GIUN SA n GIA SUC, GIA CAM 45 KHAI NIEM VA PHAN LOAI GIUN SAN 45 1.1 Nganh san dep (Plathelminthes) 1.2 Nganh giun tron (Nemathelminthesj 1.3 Nganh giun dau gai (Acanthocephales) 1.4 Nganh Anelides 1.5 Nganh Vermides 45 45 45 45 46 KHAl NIEM VA PHAN LOAI BENH GIUN SAN 46 2.1 Khai niem 2.2 Phan loai benh giun san p h l t o n g p h A p c h A n d o An b e n h g i u n s A n 46 46 47 3.1 Chan doan doi voi gia sue, gia cAm s6 ng 3.2 Chan doan d i voi gia sue, gia cam da ch t Chuang SAN LA VA MOT SO BENH SA n lA DAC DIEM HINH THAl, CA u TAO VA VONG D ^I CUA SAN 1.1 Dac diem hinh thai, cau tao 1.2 Vong doi cua san la BENH SAN 2.1 Benh 2.2 Benh 2.3 Benh 2.4 Benh 2.5 Benh 2.6 Benh 47 57 59 lA LA THLTdNG GAP GIA SUC, GIA CAM san la gan o sue vat nhai lai (Fasciolosis) san la ruot Ion (Fasciolopsiasis) san la da eo (Paramphistomatidosis) san la tuyen (Eurytremosis) san la o co quan sinh san gia cam (Prosthogonimosis) san la ruot gia cam (Echisnostomosis) Chuang SAN d Ay VA MOT SO BENH SAN d Ay DAC DIEM HINH THAl, CAU TAO, VONG DCJI VA PHAN LOAI s An d a y 1.1 Dac diem hinh thai, cau tao san day 1.2 Vong doi 1.3 Phan loai san day, cac loai au trung san day gay benh cho vat nuoi 59 59 61 62 62 70 74 79 83 87 91 91 91 93 94 BENH SAN DAY THUC)NG GAP GIA SUC, GIA CAM 2.1 Benh san day Moniezia o gia sue nhai lai (Monieziosis) 2.2 Benh san day o ngua 2.3 Benh san day a ga 2.4 Benh san day o cho va meo 2.5 Benh gao Ion 2.6 Benh gao bo 2.7 Benh au san co nho 2.8 Benh au san nhieu dau 2.9 Benh ken nuoc 97 97 103 105 111 115 120 123 127 129 Chuong GIUN TRON VA MOT SO BENH GIUN TRON 134 DAI CUONG VE GIUN TRON KY SINH 1.1 Dac diem hinh thai, cau tao 1.2 Vong doi 134 134 136 CAC BENH GIUN DUA 138 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Benh giun dua Ion (Ascariosis) Benh giun dua be, nghe (Neoascariosis) Benh giun dua ngua (Parascariosis) Benh giun dua ga (Ascaridiosis) Benh giun dua a cho 138 144 148 152 155 CAC BENH GIUN KIM 3.1 Benh giun kim ga (Heterakiosis) 3.2 Benh giun kim a ngua (Oxyuriosis) 158 15 161 BENH GIUN LUON (Strongyloidosis) 4.1 Can benh, ky chu va vi tri ky sinh 4.2 Hinh thai can benh 4.3 Vong doi 4.4 Dich te hoc 4.5 Co che sinh benh 4.6 Trieu chung lam sang 4.7 Benh tich 4.8 Chan doan 4.9 B ieutri 4.10 Phong benh 164 164 164 165 166 167 167 167 167 168 168 BENH GIUN XOAN GIA SUC M 0T MONG 5.1 Benh Strongylus equynus 5.2 Benh Alfortia edentatus 5.3 Benh Delafondia vulgaris 5.4 Benh Trichonema 5.5 Chan doan cac benh giun xoan o gia sue mot mong 5.6 Bieu trj cac benh giun xoan o gia sue mot mong 5.7 Phong benh giun xoan cho gia sue mot mong 168 169 171 172 174 175 175 176 176 176 182 CAC BENH GIUN XOAN Cl GIA SUC NHAI LAI Benh giun xoan Haemonchus va Mecistocirrus 6.2 Mot so benh giun xoan khac o duong tieu hoa gia sue nhai lai BENH GIUN KET HAT (Oesophagostomosis) 7.1 Can benh, ky chu va vi tri ky sinh 7.2 Hinh thai can benh 7.3 Vong doi 7.4 Bich te hoc 7.5 Co che sinh benh 7.6 Trieu chung lam sang 7.7 Benh tich 7.8 Chan doan 7.9 B i k t r i 7.10 Phong benh 187 187 187 189 190 190 190 191 191 191 192 192 192 195 CAC BENH GIUN MOC 8.1 Benh giun moc loai an thit (Ancylostomosis) 8.2 Benh giun moc a loai nhai lai BENH GIUN TRON THU0C PHAN B TRICHOCEPHALATA 9.1 Benh giun toe (Trichocephalosis) 198 198 9.2 Benh giun xoan (Trichinellosis) 10 CAC BENH GIUN PHOI 10.1 Benh giun phoi Ion (Metastrongylosis) 10.2 Benh giun phoi o gia sue nhai lai (Dictyocaulus) 202 210 210 213 11 BENH GIUN THAN LON (Stephanurosis) 11.1 Can benh, ky chu va vi tri ky sinh 11.2 Hinh thai can benh 11.3 Vong doi 11.4 Dich te hoc 11.5 Co che sinh benh 11.6 Trieu chung 11.7 Benh tich 11.8 Chan doan 1 Di u tri 11.10 Phong benh 216 216 216 217 218 219 219 220 220 12 BENH GIUN DA DAY LON 12.1 Can benh, ky chu va vi tri ky sinh 12.2 Hinh thai can benh 12.3 Vong doi 12.4 Dich te hoc 12.5 Co che sinh benh 12.6 Trieu chung lam sang va benh tich 12.7 Chan doan 12.8 Dieu tri 12.9 Phong benh 221 221 221 223 224 225 225 225 226 226 13 BENH GIUN DA DAY GIA CA m 13.1 Can benh, ky chu va vj tri ky sinh 13.2 Hinh thai can benh 13.3 Vong doi 13.4 Co che sinh benh 13.5 Trieu chung lam sang 13.6 Chan doan 13.7 Di8 u tri 13.8 Phong benh 226 226 226 227 228 228 228 228 228 220 220 Phan thil ba O0NG VAT CHAN OOT KY SINH VA BENH DO O0NG VAT CHAN 0OT GAY RA 234 Chuong DAI ClTONG VE D 0N G VAT CHAN DOT KY SINH 234 234 DAC DIEM HINH THAl, CAU TAO VA PHAN LOAI 1.1 Dac diem hinh thai, cau tao 1.2 Phan loai 234 235 DAC DIEM SINH HOC, VAI TRO GAY BENH VA BIEN PHAP PHONG TRlT DONG VAT CHAN DOT 2.1 Dac diem sinh hoc 2.2 Vai tro gay benh cua dong vat chan dot ky sinh 2.3 Bien phap ca ban de phong va diet dong vat chan dot ky sinh 236 236 237 239 Chuorng VE, GHE, CON TRUNG KY SINH VA g A y BENH 243 1.V E V A G H E 1.1 Phan bo 1.2 Phan bo 1.3 Phan bo 1.4 Phan bo Ixodoidea mat (Gamasoidea) mo (Trombidiformes) ghe (Sarcoptiformes) 243 243 248 249 249 CON TRUNG KY SINH 2.1 Dac diem hinh thai, cau tao cua trung ky sinh 2.2 Cac trung ky sinh va truyen benh 254 254 255 Phan thur tif DON BAO KY SINH VA BENH DO OdN BAO GAY RA 261 Cltuvng DAI ClTOfNG VE DON BAO KY SINH VA BENH DO DOHV BAO GAY RA 261 HINH THAI VA DAC DIEM SINH HOC CUA DON BAO KY SINH 1.1 Hinh thai 1.2 Dac diem sinh hoc 261 261 262 PHAN LOAI DON BAO KY SINH 2.1 Lop Ciliata (lop mao trung) 2.2 Lop Sporozoa (lop bao tu trung) 2.3 Lop Flagellata (lop roi trung) 2.4 Lop Rhizopoda (lop chan gia) 263 263 263 264 265 DAI CUONG VE BENH DO DON BAO GA y RA 3.1 Duong cam nhiem 3.2 Tac dong cua don bao tren co the ky chu 3.3 Phan ung cua co the ky chu bi don bao ky sinh 3.4 Chan doan benh don bao ky sinh 3.4 Xet nghiem phan tim cau trung ky sinh (Eimeria spp., Isospora spp ) 3.5 Phong, tri benh don bao ky sinh 265 265 265 265 266 266 270 C/titang 10 MOT SO BENH ROI TRUNG Of GIA SUC 271 DAC DIEM CUA ROI TRUNG THU0C HO TR YPANOSOMA TIDAE 271 MQT SO BENH ROI TRUNG Cl GIA SUC 272 2.1 Benh tien mao trung (Trypanosomosis) 2.2 Benh say thai Trichimonas bo (Trichomonosis) 2.3 Benh djch giao cau a ngua (benh tiem la ngua) 273 278 280 Chuang 11 MOT SO BENH BAO TIJ* TRUNG GIA SUC 283 BENH HUYET BAO TU* TRUNG 1.1 Benh le dang trung a bo (Piroplasmosis) 1.2 Benh Theileria bo (Theileriosis) 1.3 Benh bien trung o bo (Anaplasmosis) 1.4 Benh don bao duong mau Leucocytozoon a ga 283 283 288 293 296 BENH CAU TRUNG (COCC1DIOSIS) 2.1 Dai cuong ve cau triing ky sinh 2.2 Benh cau trung ga (Avian coccidiosis) 2.3 Benh cau trung tho (Rabbit coccidiosis) 2.4 Benh cau trung Ion (Swine coccidiosis) 2.5 Benh cau trung be, nghe (Bovine coccidiosis) 301 301 303 310 314 317 BENH BAO TlT TRUNG THIT (SARCOCYSTOSIS) 3.1 Can benh, ky chu, vi tri ky sinh 3.2 Dac diem hinh thai can benh 3.3 Vong doi 3.4 Dich te hoc 3.5 Trieu chung lam sang 3.6 Benh tich 3.7 Chan doan 3.8 Dieutri 3.9 Phong benh 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 324 325 LOfI NOI DAU Ky sinh trung thu y la mon hoc cung cap nhung kien thuc ve ky sinh trung hoc va benh ky sinh trung gay a gia sue, gia cam Nhung kien thuc rat can thiet cho sinh vien nganh Thu y va nganh Chan nuoi thu y cua cac truong Dai hoc Nong nghiep, dong thai rat can cho can bo th u y dang lam viec a cac co quan thu y va dia phuomg > F > r r r > \ Hien nay, nhu cau ve tai lieu hoc tap cua sinh vien a tru&ng dai hoc noi chung va truong Dai hoc Nong Lam noi rieng cang tro nen cap thiet Phuong phap giang day moi - phuong phap giang day lay nguoi hoc lam trung tam - chi co the thuc hien co hieu qua Nha truong dap ung dii nhu cau ve tai lieu hoc tap cho sinh vien Giao trinh Ky sinh trung th u y cua tac gia Nguyen Thi Kim Lan va cs bien soan Nha xuat ban Nong nghiep xuat ban nam 1999 da dap ung duoc nhu cau hoc tap cho sinh vien tu nam 1999 den Song, sau 12 nam su dung, cuon giao trinh hien khong phu hop o muc tot doi voi hoat dong day va hoc cua Thay va Trd nua r r > De gop phan nang cao chat luong dao tao giai doan moi - giai doan chuyen tu dao tao theo hoc che nien che sang dao tao theo hoc che tin chi, chung toi da bien soan cuon giao trinh Ky sinh trung va benh ky sinh trung thu y Noi dung cua cuon giao trinh phong phu, cap nhap duoc nhicng kien thirc moi, cac ket qua nghien cuu ve ky sinh trung hoc thu y, vua la tai lieu hoc tap, vica la tai lieu de sinh vien, dong nghiep va ban doc tham khao Mac du tac gia da rat co gang, dong thoi nhan duoc su gop y cua cac dong nghiep o truong Dai hoc Nong nghiep Ha Noi, truong Dai hoc Y - Duoc va truong Dai hoc Nong Lam - Dai hoc Thai Nguyen, song cuon giao trinh co the nhieu thieu sot Tac gia mong nhan duoc y kien dong gop cua cac em sinh vien, dong nghiep va ban doc de cuon giao trinh duoc hoan thien hon nhung lan tai ban sau r ■> \ r Xin tran cam on! Tac gia PGS TS Nguyen Thi Kim Lan MC* DAU DINH NGHIA VA N I DUNG MON HOC 1.1 Djnh nghia hien tirong ky sinh Hien tugng ky sinh la mot nhung hinh thuc sinh ton cua sinh vat, dac diem cua hinh thuc ton tai la: Mot co the song song tren hoac mot ca the song khac, su dung co the song ay de co lgi cho minh Thuat ngu "hien tuomg ky sinh” lan dau tien dugc viet bang tieng Hy Lap: “Parasitos ” (Para co nghTa la: Cung nhau, sitos co nghia la dinh duong), thuat ngu dung de chi nhung sinh vat song nhd vao sinh vat khac Leukart la nguoi dau tien dua khai niem “vat ky sin h ”: “vat ky sinh la tat ca nhung sinh vat nao tim thuc an va cho a tren sinh vat khac Ve ban chat cua hien tugng ky sinh, mot thai ky kha dai, nguoi ta chi de cap dugc den tinh chat phuc tap cua hien tugng nay, ma khong dua dugc mot dinh nghia ro rang: Hien tugng ky sinh la gi? Ngay nay, hien tugng ky sinh dugc Erehov V R dinh nghTa nhu sau: “Hien tuomg ky sinh la moi quan he phuc tap giita hai sinh vat, do, mot sinh vat (ky sinh trung) tarn thai hay thuang xuyen cu tru ca the sinh vat (ky chu) de lay dich the, to chuc cua ky chu lam thuc an, dong thai lam cho ky chu bi ton hai den mot muc nao ve mat sinh vat hoc 7 r 7 Trong djnh nghia nay, Erehov V R da neu ro moi quan he qua lai, doi khang giua hai sinh vat (ky sinh trung va ky chu), moi quan he ve khong gian (cu tru thuang xuyen hay tam thoi), quan he ve dinh duong (ky sinh trung lay djch the, to chuc cua ky chu), ve tac hai cua ky sinh trung Day la djnh nghTa co ban, hieu dugc dinh nghTa la co so de phan biet hien tugng ky sinh voi cac hien tugng khac nhu: Hien tugng cong sinh, hien tugng hoai sinh 1.2 Dinh nghia va noi dung cua ky sinh trung hoc, ky sinh trung thu y hoc * Ky sinh trung hoc la gi? Ky sinh trung hoc la khoa hoc nghien cuu ve moi quan he giua vat ky sinh va vat chu (ky sinh trung va ky chu), nit cac quy luat co ban qua trinh thich nghi cua co the vat ky sinh va vat chu, tao co so de de xuat cac bien phap dau tranh voi cac benh ky sinh trung, nham nang cao sue khoe nguoi va phat trien vat nuoi, cay tr ng (dan theo Nguyen Thi Le va cs, 1996; Nguyen Thi Kim Lan va cs, 2008) Noi dung cua ky sinh trung hoc gom: Ky sinh trung hoc dong vat va ky sinh trung hoc thuc vat Ky sinh trung hoc thuc vat (Phytoparasite): La khoa hoc nghien cuu ky sinh trung a thuc vat va cac benh chung gay a thuc vat 11 Nguyen Quoc Doanh va cs (2003), bang phan ung PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) da chung minh, chuoi Cob (Cytochrome oxidase b) he gen ty the cua au trung Cys cellulosae d Ion Viet Nam hoan toan thuoc ve loai T solium Dieu co nghTa la, au trung phan lap tu ca Ion (gao Ion) a Viet Nam la au trung cua san day trudng T solium Hinh 80 Au trung Cys cellulosae ky sinh ca va ca tim 2.5.8 Phong va tri benh 2.5.8.1 Phong benh Benh gao lgn la benh chung cho ngudi va gia sue, do phai ket hgp chat che giua thu y va y te, ap dung cac bien phap phong tru tong hgp nhu sau: * Xay dtmg, cung cd va thuc hign nghiem ngat quy djnh kiem nghiem thjt De bao ve sue khoe cho ngudi, phong cho ngudi khong nhiem san day T solium thi can kiem nghiem thjt nghiem ngat cac nha may che bien thit, cac lo mo d tinh, huyen Neu thay gao thi muc nang nhe ma xu ly: Neu tren 40 cm thit co nhieu hon hat gao thi thit phai huy bo hoac che bien chin lam thuc an cho gia sue; neu tren 40 cm thit co dudi hat gao thi xu ly bang mot ba bien phap sau: r r r \ - Luoc chin: Cat thjt mieng - kg, day - cm, luoc 45 phut den gid (au trung chet d 60 - 70 C, chu y la neu tint cat to va day qua thi nhiet ben khong du de diet au trung) f r _ r # / - Uop muoi: Ngam thjt nude muoi dac, sau tuan thi gao chet - Uop lanh d nhiet -10°C den -15°C tu 10 - 15 Sau phai thu sue s6 ng cua gao trudc dung thit lam thuc pham Cach lam: Boc mot so hat gao d thit da udp lanh, cho vao dia long chua dich mat bo (80%) pha vdi nude sinh ly (2 %), de d tu am 39 - 40°C khoang 15 phut Ket qua: Mang ngoai cua gao bi phan huy giai phong dau san day, neu thay dau san day khong chuyen dong thi gao da chet Ngoai kiem tra thit d cac 16 mo va cac nha may che bien thuc pham, can bo thu y cdn kiem tra thit ban d cac chg hoac cac ca sd giet mo tu nhan 119 * Day manh phong trao ve sinh phong benh cho ngudi va gia sue - Xay dung ho xi ngan hoac ho xi tir hoai de ngan ngira khong cho lgn an phai dot san day phan ngudi - Phai nuoi lgn nhot, khong tha rong lgn - Nang cao y thuc ve sinh cua nhan dan, tuyen truyen giao due cho moi ngudi hieu nhung kien thuc ca ban va tac hai cua benh, chi an thuc an da dugc rira sach, nau chin, khong an thit lgn nghi la lgn gao, trudc an va sau dai tien phai rira tay bang xa phong * Chan doan va dieu tri benh san day cho ngu&i Chan doan benh cho nhan dan d viing co dich bang cach hoi benh, ket hgp vdi xet nghiem phan tim dot san Sau tay san cho nhirng benh nhan co san ky sinh x t ' r Tay san day cho ngudi bang mot hai loai thuoc: Praziquantel, lieu - mg/kg TT (lieu nhat); hoac Niclosamide, lieu gam/ngudi ldn (lieu nhat) Cd the lSp lai lieu sau neu thay can thiet Chu y: Nen tien hanh dieu tri benh san day cho ngudi d ca sd y te, cd phuang tien tot, co bac sy theo doi qua trinh dieu tri 2.5.8.2 Dieu tri benh du triing Cys cellulosae * Doi vai nguai Diet au triing san day (gao) d ngudi bang mot hai phac sau: - Praziquantel: Lieu 30 mg/kg TT/ngay x 15 ngay, chia - dot (moi dgt cach - ngay) - Praziquantel: LiSu - mg/kg TT dau, nhirng sau dung Albendazole 15 mg/kg TT/ngay x 30 ngay, chia - dgt (moi dgt cach 20 ngay) r ’ ' > * Doi vai lan: Cung co the ap dung cac phac tren de dieu tri benh gao Tuy nhien, neu da chan doan chinh xac lgn bj benh gao thi nen loai thai va xir ly dung theo quy dinh kiem tra ve sinh thu y 2.6 Benh gao bo La benh au triing san day gay nen 2.6.1 Can ben/t, ky chu va vi tri ky sinh - Can benh gay nen benh gao bo la au triing Cysticercus bovis cua san day trudng Taenia saginata - Ky chu cua au triing la bo, ngoai bo co trau, de, cuu, huau va ca ngudi cung co the bj benh 120 Ky chu cua san day Taenia saginata la ngucri - Vi tri ky sinh: Au trung Cysticercus bovis ky sinh d ca tim, ca ludi, ca co, ca dui, ca bung, ca lung, ca ham, ca lien sudn San day Taenia saginata ky sinh d ruot non ngudi 2.6.2 Hinh thai can benh - Au trung Cysticercus bovis la mot boc, mau trang, dai - mm, rong - mm, co nude suot, d mang co mot dau san dinh vao, co giac bam, khong co mom va khong co moc, giong dau san day T saginata trudng Hinh 81 San day T saginata va du trung (gao) a co bd San day trudng Taenia saginata a ruot non ngudi dai - 12 m; gom dau, co va cac d t than; co tu 1000 - 2000 dot Dau san hai tron, dudng kinh 1,5 - 2,0 mm, co giac bam tron to, dinh dau khong co mom va moc Dot co va dot thuc co chieu rong ldn han chieu dai, ngugc lai, dot gia d gan cuoi thi chieu dai ldn han chieu rong Moi dot san deu co lo sinh due thong ben ngoai d ben phai hoac ben trai dot san Tu cung chia - nhanh, moi dot san co khoang 124.000 trung Trung san hai tron, vo day, kich thudc la 30 - 40 x 20 - 30 fim, co au trung moc 2.6.3 Vong dai D t san gia rung theo phan ngoai, vd giai phong trimg san Trung lan vao Hinh 82 Vdng dai phat trien cua Taenia 121 thuc an, nuoc uong tren bai chan tha N lu bo an phai thi vao duong tieu hoa, trung no au trung moc, chui vao mach mau niem mac ruot, theo mau tuiin hoan ve co tim, luoi, diii, co, ham va phat trien - thang au trung Cysticercoid bovis (gao bo) Khi ngudi an thit bo co gao song, vao dudng tieu hoa, djch tieu hoa phan huy mang boc, dau san nho ra, bam vao niem mac doan tren ruot non va phat trien san day trudng sau khoang thang 2.6.4 Dich te hoc - Benh phan bo nhieu d cac nude chau A va chau Phi CJ Viet Nam, tinh hinh nhiem theo khu vuc Theo Predro (1987), bo d Viet Nam nhiem gao la 1,63% Pham Van Khue va cs (1995) cho bilt, benh gao bo nude ta co d ca vung sinh thai, nhung sy khac biet vl ty le nhiem giua cac vung khong dang ke - Trudc day, ngudi ta cho ring ngudi khong bj gao bo Nhung Faust (1957) cho bilt, da co trudng hop ngudi bj gao bo Su phan bo au trung thjt bo khong dong deu: Co ham 52%, co ludi 36%, ca bung 4%, co lung 28%, co tim 52%, co co 16% - Tap quan xa hoi va moi trudng co lien quan tdi ty le nhiem san day T saginata a ngudi va ty le nhiem au trung Cys bovis d bo Nhung vung ma ngudi dan chua co ho xi, an thjt song, thjt tai thi ty le nhiem cao - Gao bo song duoc 639 (Dewhirst, 1961), theo Ecsop thi thoi gian la - thang Bo bj gao co mien djch nam Gan day, ngudi ta da thay trudng hop be sau de vai tuan bj nhiem gao va co mien djch suot ddi 2.6.5 Trieu chimg d giai doan dau, trieu chung kha ro Bo, be lan dau nhiem gao than nhiet tang cao 40 - 41°C, ro nhat d may dau, trieu chung cung dien hinh: Con vat gay yeu, ia chay nang Den thu - trieu chung ia chay giam di, an it, hay nam, ngung nhai lai, da co chuong hoi, an manh vao da la sach, da to ong, co dudi ham, co bung, ca lung thi vat dau Niem mac nhot nhat, nhjp tim va nhjp tho tang Sau - cac trieu chung giam dan, sue khoe dan binh thudng trd lai Co trudng hop vat chit Thudng vao thu than nhiet tu 40°C xuong 34°C, thudng chit d thu kl tir phat benh 2.6.6 Chan doan Doi vdi vat song, viec chan doan tuong d i kho Can theo doi trieu chung lam sang d thoi ky dau cua benh Khi gao da hinh thi trieu chung khong ro nua, nhin be ngoai vat van khoe nen kho chan doan duoc chinh xac Co the ung dung phan ung ELISA phat hien khang the khang au trung Cys bovis mau vat nghi bj 122 b?nh Tuy nhien, co trudng hop van xay phan ung cheo vat nhiem loai san day khac lam cho phan ung thieu chinh xac (Sloan L va cs, 1995) 'i i < f Hinh 83 Cysticercus bovis ky sinh tim va co bd 2.6.7 Phong va tri benh Giong nhu phong va tri benh gao lgn 2.7 Benh au san co nho r La benh au trung san day gay nen 2.7.1 Can bgnh, ky chu va vi tri ky sinh - Can benh gay nen benh au san co nho la au trung Cysticercus tenuicollis cua san day truong Taenia hydatigena - Ky chu cua au trung la lgn, de, cuu, trau, bo, huou, doi thay d ca ngua, ngudi Ky chu cua san day trudng Taenia hydatigena la cho, cho soi, cao va cac thu an thit khac - Vi tri ky sinh: Au trung Cysticercus tenuicollis ky sinh d mat gan, mang mo chai, mang treo ruot, lach San day trudng ky sinh d ruot non cua ky chu 2.7.2 Dac diem hinh thai can benh - Au trimg Cysticercus tenuicollis co dang boc, kich thudc to nho khac nhau: Co the bang hat ngo, bang qua cam hoac qua budi Cau tao: Ben ngoai la mo lien ket, ben boc chua dich suot va mot dau san bam vao mang cua boc Dau san co dudng kinh mm, co giac bam va 29 - 44 moc, giong dau san day trudng - San trudng T hydatigena- Dai 70 - 500 cm, mau trang hoi vang, gom 250 300 dot Dau san co giac bam tron, dinh dau co 26 - 44 moc Nhung dot d gin d&u ngan va rong, cang d cuoi thi dot san cang dai Dot san gia tir cung co - 10 nhanh, co nhieu trung Trung san hinh bau due hoi tron, co kich thudc 35 - 38 ^m, co au triing moc 123 Hinh 84 Cau tao san day Taenia hydatigena M6c D6t truong Dot gi& Hinh 85 Dau va dot san day loai Taei^a nydatigena Hinh 86 San day T hydatigena Hinh 87 Au trung Cys Tenuicollis 2.7.3 Vong dai Dot san chua theo phan cho, cho soi ngoai, va ra, giai phong nhieu trung san Trung san lan vao thuc an, nuac uong NSu ky chu trung gian la lorn, trau, bo de, ciru nuot vao thi den da day, au trung moc nd ra, chui vao mach mau niem mac ruot, roi theo tuan hoan mau ve be mat gan, cac quan xoang bung va phat trien au san Cys tenuicollis sau thang Khi cho va cac loai an thit khac an phai cac quan co au san, vao dudng tieu hoa, mang boc cua au san dugc phan huy, dau san nho bam vao niem mac ruot non, lay dinh dudng va phat trien san day trudng Hinh 88 Vong dai san day T hydatigena Dot san gia theo phan ch6 ngo&i Dot s&n v giai ph6ng trung Trung phat trien Su san co nho KCTG Ch6 nuot au san c6 nh6 va bj benh s in day KCTG nu6t trung 2.7.4 Dich te hoc • • f "t t r y Benh au san co nho bien d nhieu nude Theo Over H T va cs (1992), ty le nhiem au trung Cys tenuicollis d de cua Argentina la 25%, d Etiopia la 37% (d cuu) va 16% (d de); d Tho NhT Ky la 57% (d cuu) va d An Do la 37% Cac nude d khu vuc Dong Nam chau A deu thay gia sue nhiem au san co nho r y r >v f t - Benh au san co nho thay d lgn nhieu hon cac loai gia sue khac Ty le lgn nhiem Au san cao hay thap phu thuoc vao so lugng cho nuoi va tap quan nuoi lgn tha rong hay nuoi nhot CJ Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Bac Giang, Bac Ninh ty le nhiem cao vi nuoi cho nhieu Ngugc lai, d Ha Nam va Nam Dinh ty le nhiem rat thap vi nuoi it cho Mo kham 748 de dia phuong d tinh (Thai Nguyen, Bac Kan, Tuyen Quang, Cao Bang), Nguyen Thi Kim Lan (1999) cho biet, ty le nhiem au san co nho la 21,12%, so lugng Au san biln dong tu - 35 au san/de - Ty le nhiem au san tang theo tuoi: Tuoi sue vat cang cao thi ty le nhiem cang cao vi thdi gian tiep xuc vdi can benh tang len theo tuoi 125 2.7.5 Ca che sinh benh • Khi nhiem nhe, chuc nang cua cac quan roi loan khong ro Sau gia sue nuot trung san day T hydatigena, vao da day, vo trung bj phan huy, au trung moc no ra, chung qua niem mac ruot, sau 24 gio theo mau vao den gan, dung lai cac nhanh tinh mach cua, roi vao gan Tai gan, au trung dao ranh, gay xuat huyet gan, gay viem gan cap tinh, co gay viem mang bung Au trung di hanh chui qua mat gan vao xoang bung, ky sinh mang treo ruot, mang mo chai, ky sinh be mat phoi gay viem phoi, viem mang nguc So luong au san nhieu gay roi loan chuc nang cac quan cua co quan tieu hoa, gay hien tugng hoang dan So lugng au san nhieu gay chen ep cac quan xoang bung, xoang nguc 2.7.6 Tri$u chung Benh thuong the man ti'nh, trieu chung khong ro Khi bi nang, giai doan dau vat gay yeu, hoang dan, tiep co trieu chung cua viem mang bung cap ti'nh, thuong sot cao 40 - 41°C, an tay vao bung vat co phan ung dau, nhin be ngoai thay bung to va cang Theo Herenda D va cs (2000), co the nhan thay nhung trieu chung cua sue vat bi benh au san co nho la: Con vat mat tinh them an, suy nhugc co the, hoang dan va roi y r f r t r f t r f t loan tieu hoa Hinh 89 Au trung Cys tenuicollis ky sinh tren b i mat cac quan 2.7.7 Benh tich Cl the cap tinh: Gan sung to, mat gan go ghe, co mang fibrin phu kin, co nhieu diem tu huylt rai rac tren b l mat gan, co nhilu ranh ku trung di hanh gan Co nhilu au san co kich thuoc khac tr§n b l mat gan, co hoanh, mang treo ruot Ngoai co truong hgp thay viem mang bung cap tinh, xoang bung co nhieu dich tham xuit lan mau, co ca nhung dau san day dich xoang bung 126 2.7.8 Chan doan - Doi vai sue vat song: Rat kho chan doan Co the choc de tim dau san dich xoang nguc va xoang bung, nhung rat kho khan - Doi vai sue vat da chet: Mo kham tim au san o be mat cac quan xoang bung, xoang nguc 2.7.9 Phong va tr\ benh * Dieu trj Chua co thuoc dieu trj dac hieu doi voi benh au san co nho Co the nghien curu dieu tri nhu benh gao Ion Sue vat nhiem nang thi nen loai thai * Phong benh - Khong cho cho an cac quan co au san • • * r ’ • - Khi mo lgn, trau, bo, de, ciru phai tap trung cac au san (neu co) de diet - Dinh ky tay san day cho cho nuoi o cac gia dinh, khong nuoi cho a cac trai chan nuoi gia sue 2.8 Benh au san nhieu dau 2.8.1 Can bgnlt, ky chii va vi tri ky sinh - Can benh gay nen benh au san nhieu dau la au trung Coenurus cerebralis cua san day truong Multiceps multiceps - Ky chu cua au triing la trau, bo, de, ciru, lac da Ky chu cua san day truong la thu an thit: Cho, cho soi, cao - Au triing Coenurus cerebralis ky sinh o nao cua nhieu loai sue vat San day trudng ky sinh ruot non thu an thit 2.8.2 Dac diem hinh thai can bgnh - Au san Coenurus cerebralis co dang bgc tron, kich thuoc khac (nho bAng hat ngo hoac to bang qua trung ga, qua cam), ben ngoai la mang to chuc lien k it > ' ' » > mong, ben bgc chura day nuoc va nhieu dau san day (co the co 100 - 250 dau san mot bgc) - San day trudng Multiceps multiceps: San dai 40 - 100 cm, gom 200 - 250 dot DAu san co giac bam, dinh dau co hai hang moc gom 22 - 32 moc Dot san gia dai - mm, rong - mm, co tir cung phan - nhanh Trung san day hinh tron, duong kinh 30 - 37 urn 127 Hinh 90 Au san C cerebralis va san day tru&ng M multiceps > r Hinh 91 Dau va dot san day Multiceps multiceps 2.8.3 Vong dai Dot san gia theo phan cho ngoai, vo ra, giai phong nhieu trimg san Trung lan vao thuc an, nuoc uong cua ky chu trung gian (trau, bo, de, ciru ) Khi ky chu trung gian nuot phai trung nay, vao duong tieu hoa, au triing moc no ra, chui vao mach mau niem mac ruot, roi theo mau ve nao, ky sinh o nao va phat trien au san nhieu dau Thoi gian phat trien au san can - thang Theo tai lieu cua Pham Van Khue va cs (1996), o co the gia sue non, sau nira thang au triing to bAng hat gao, sau tuAn duong kinh au trimg la - cm, sau - thang duong kinh la - cm N lu cho, cho soi, cao an phai nao cua sue vat co au san, vao duong tieu hoa, Au triing phat triln san day truong Thoi gian hoan vong doi la 41 - 73 2.8.4 Ca che sinh benh Au triing di hanh gay ton thuong niem mac ruot, mach quan Vao nao au triing gay viem mang nao Khi Au triing Ion dAn len, di hanh cham hon, cu i ciing dimg lai mot vi tri tren nao thi trieu chung cAp tinh cung giam di Trong khoang - 2,5 thang dau vat van khoe Sau au san to dan, gay chen ep nao lam vat thilu mau nao va co trieu chung than kinh 128 2.8.5 Trifu chimg lam sang Trieu chung nang hay nhe phu thuoc vao nori ky sinh va to nho cua au san Coenurus cerebralis - The cap tinh: Thuong thay de, ciru non Con vat co trieu chung viem nao, sot cao, tho nhanh, mach nhanh Trieu chung than kinh the hien ro: Con vat d trang thai phan manh, chuyen dong mat thang bang, co giat, chuyen dong vong quanh, di ve truoc roi liii ve phia sau, co the bi bai liet, nam mot cho Truong hop viem nao cap tinh, vat co the chet vong - - The man tinh: Con vat met moi, van dong cham chap, an it hoac bo an, phan xa kem, gay dan Co nhung trudng hop vat chuyen dong quay tron, xo ve phia truoc hoac phia sau, dau ngoeo ve phia lung Truoc vat chet thudng chuyen dong quay vong nhieu lan 2.8.6 Benh tich f ^ f > ? r r Xac chet gay rac, co mot hoac nhieu boc au san d nao, co the thay au san d tren mat hai ban cau nao hoac to chuc nao Viem d to chuc nao quanh noi au san ky sinh, co djch viem va co nhung viing hoai tir 2.8.7 Chan doan r f » r # - Doi vcri gia sue cdn song: Chan doan dua vao trieu chung lam sang (chu yeu la trieu chung than kinh) Co the chan doan bang phan ung bien thai noi bi: Dung kim vo trimg rut nuoc boc au san ra, ly tam bo dau san di, dung xilanh nho hut , - , ml tiem noi bi mot mat vat, noi bi mat tiem dung djch nuoc muoi sinh ly lam doi chung Sau - phut, noi tiem sung to, dudng kinh 0,5 - cm la duong tinh Sau 24 - 48 gid khong thay sung la am tinh t ^ t y r r f # t f - Doi vai gia sue da chet: Mo kham, kiem tra benh tich d nao va tim au san 2.8.8 Phong va tri benh * Dieu tri: Chua co bien phap dieu tri hieu qua Loai thai nhung sue vat co trieu chung lam sang nghi bi benh au san nhieu dau * Phong b?nh: Ap dung cac bien phap tuong tu nhu doi vdi benh au san co nho 2.9 Benh ken nirde 2.9.1 Can benh, ky chu va v/ tri ky sinh - Can benh: Can benh gay nen benh ken nude la au triing Echinococcus granulosus cua san day trudng Echinococcus granulosus - Ky chu va vi tri ky sinh: Au triing ky sinh d mo gan, phoi va cac bo phan khac cua trau, bo, de, ciru Ion, ngudi - San day trudng thanh: Ky sinh d ruot non cho, meo va thu an thit khac 129 2.9.2 Hinh thai can benh - Au trung Echinococcus granulosus co dang tui tron chua day dich (la moi trudng bao ve va cung cap dinh dudng cho dau san day) Kich thudc au trung phu thupc vao noi ky sinh, biln dong tir vai mm den to bang dau ngudi Thanh tui gom ldp mang: Ldp mang ngoai la cutin mau trang sira, ldp la ldp mang sinh san hinh cac dau san day hoac cac boc co nhieu dau san Tir cac boc lai hinh nhieu boc chau So dau san day moi boc dao dong tir - 21 (boc san day Echinococcus ky sinh d ngudi co the co tdi 120 dau san) - San day Echinococcus granulosus trudng thanh: Kich thudc rat nho San dai - mm, co thi chi g6 m d t D£u hinh le, co giac bam rat nhd Dinh dau nho ra, tren dinh dAu co 30 - 36 moc xlp hai hang Co 32 - 40 tinh hoan, tir cung co nhanh chinh va chia nhieu nhanh phu, chira 400 - 800 trung Trung hinh bau due, kich thudc 32 - 36 x 25 - 30 |im Trong trung co au triing moc Hinh 92 San day E granulosus va du san E granulosus 2.9.3 Vong dffi San trudng song ruot non cho, cho soi, cao Dot san gia rung theo phan ngoai, vo giai phong nhieu trung san Trung san lan vao thuc an, nude u ng cua trau, bo, de, ciru, Ion, ngudi Vao dudng tieu hoa cac ky chii trung gian nay, au trimg nd ra, chui vao niem mac ruot, theo mau ve gan, ph i va cac bo phan khac, tilp tuc phat trien ken nude Theo tai lieu cua Pham Van Khue va cs (1996), Au trimg phat triln cham: Sau thang dudng kinh au trimg la mm, sau thang la mm, sau thang la mm Au trimg co the song vai nam d ky chu trung gian Khi ky chu cuoi ciing (cho, cao ) an gan, phoi co mang au trimg nay, vao den ruot, mang boc phan huy, dau san nho bam vao niem mac ruot non, phat trien san day trudng Hoan vong ddi cAn , - thang 130 Hinh 93 Vong dai san day Echinococcus granulosus 2.9.4 Djch te hoc f # •» r - Dot san sau theo phan ky chu ngoai co the tir bo tren mat dat va cay co Ngoai ra, dot san bo nep nhan quanh hau mon, am ho Cho bj ngua cao, gai lam cho dot san va, trung san phat tan xung quanh, lan vao thuc an, nuac uong cua gia sue va ngudi f r - Trung san co sue de khang manh vdi dieu kien ngoai canh CJ nhiet 0°C, trung van song den 116 Nhiet 50°C trung chet sau gid Trung chet dudi anh nang chieu true tiep Ruoi la dong vat moi gidi giup trung san phat tan d ngoai canh - Pham vi hoat dong cua ky chu trung gian va ky chu cuoi cung rat rong, vi vay van de phong tru benh rat phuc tap 2.9.5 Ca che sinh benh Au san gay benh chu yeu tac dong ca gidi va doc to Khi ky sinh d gan, phoi, Au san chen ep lam to chuc gan va phoi bi teo dan, gay roi loan chuc nang sinh ly Au san ky sinh nhieu d gan lam trd ngai qua trinh san sinh djch mat, gay roi loan tieu hoa Gan sung to anh hudng tdi van dong cua hoanh cach mo, chen ep thuc quan va tinh mach cira A r r Au san san sinh doc to lam vat trung doc, ho hap kho, than nhiet tang, ia chay, co chet 2.9.6 Trieu chuvg lam sang Khi nhiem nhe, trieu chung khong ro Khi bi benh nang, vat thudng ho, kho thd, thd va hit vao deu keo dai Dan dan, trieu chung roi loan ho hAp tang them N lu au san (ken nude) vd thi trieu chung toan than nang them Con vat gAy sut nhanh, ngat tha va chit Ciru rat man cam voi benh ken nuac Khi bj nhiem n£ng, ciru gay rat nhanh, rung long, ho nhieu, nam nhieu va de chet 2.9.7 Chan doan - Ddi vai vat cdn sdng: Chan doan dua vao trieu chung lam sang, chu y phan biet vai benh viem phoi truyen nhiem Co the chan doan bang mien djch hoc (tiem noi bi co 0,1 - 0,2 ml nuac rut tir ken nuac, sau - 10 phut noi tiem sung, duong kinh 0,5 - cm la duong tinh) Tuy nhien, de co hien tugng phan ung duong tinh doi vai cac au triing san day khac (vi du, Cys tenuicollis, Coenurus cerebralis ) lam cho ket qua chan doan thieu chinh xac - Ddi vai vat da c h it: M kham, kilm tra benh tich va tim ken nuoc or gan, phoi va cac bo phan khac x y Hinh 94a Au san Echinococcus granulosus a gan va phoi Ion * Benh au san Echinococcus granulosus nguoi Hinh 94b Ken nuoc a phoi ngudi (chupXQ) va ken lay sau phau thuat 132 2.9.8 Phong va dieu tr\ - Dieu try Co the sir dung thuoc Praziquantel de dieu tri cho gia sue bj benh ken nuac Lan: Lieu mg/kgTT Cho uong Trau, bo, ngua: Lieu - mg/kgTT Cho uong Khi vao ca the, thuoc phan bo deu a tat ca cac to chuc quan nhu: Nao, ca, gan, phoi nen co tac dung dac biet tot vai au san Echinococcus granulosus (Pham Khac Hieu, 2009) Doi vai nguoi bi benh au san a nao, co the dung thuoc dieu trj hoac phau thuat loai bo au san - Phong benh: Ap dung cac bien phap phong benh tuong tu benh au san co nho 133 [...]... THU Y 1 KY SINH TRUNG VA KY CHU Ky sinh trung va ky chu la hai doi tugng co moi quan he qua lai doi khang Hieu ve ky sinh trung va ky chu cua no la co so cho nhung nghien cuu ve benh ky sinh trung va bien phap phong tri, nham bao ve sue khoe va nang cao sue san xuat cua vat nuoi 1. 1 Khai niem va phan loai ky sinh trung 1. 1 .1 Khai niem ky sinh trung Ky sinh trung la nhung sinh vat song nhd vao sinh vat... cho su phat sinh mot so benh ky sinh triing Nguoc lai, khi con vat khoe manh, kha nang sinh trudng phat due cua ky sinh triing bi han che, s6 luong ky sinh triing trudng thanh it, tham chi tuoi tho cua ky sinh triing bi rut ngan di 28 Cltutmg 2 DAI Cl/ONG VE BENH KY SINH TRUNG THU Y • • 1 KHAI NIEM VE BENH KY SINH TRUNG THU Y, QUY DINH CACH GOI TEN BENH KY SINH TRUNG 1. 1 Khai ni£m Benh ky sinh trung... tam thoi cua vat ky sinh 1. 1.2 Phan loai ky sinh trung Ky sinh trung co nhieu cho cu tru va nhieu cach song khac nhau Vi vay, co the phan loai ky sinh trung theo mot so can cu sau: * Theo nguon goc: Chia thanh 2 loai: - Ky sinh trung dong vat - Ky sinh trung thuc vat * Theo cho cu tru cua ky sinh trung: Chia thanh 2 loai: - Ngoai ky sinh trung (Epizoa): La nhung ky sinh trung ky sinh 6 mat ngoai co... r Khi ky sinh trung song trong ky chu khong thich hop co the gay nen nhung truong hop benh dac biet, thuong goi la nhung benh do ky sinh trung lac chu + Ky sinh trung sau khi vao ky chu phai tim den vi tri ky sinh thich hop de ky sinh Moi ky sinh trung co vi tri ky sinh nhat djnh trong co the Nhung truong hop ky sinh trung ky sinh o cac vi tri khac duoc goi la ky sinh trung lac cho (hoac ky sinh trung... ve ky sinh trung va benh ky sinh trung thu y; - Phan thu hai Giun san ky sinh va benh giun san a gia sue, gia cam; - Phan thu ba Dong vat chan dot ky sinh va benh do dong vat chan dot; - Phan thu tu Dan bao ky sinh va benh do dan bao gay ra 3 .1 Phan thu nhat Dai cuong ve ky sinh trung va benh ky sinh trung thu y Phan nay gom 2 chuang: Chuffng 1 Dai cuffng ve ky sinh trung th u y Noi dung chuang 1 trinh... ghe, ran - Noi ky sinh trung (Entozoa): La nhung ky sinh trung ky sinh a trong co thi Vi du: Cac ky sinh trung o duong tieu hoa, duong ho hap 15 * Theo cach song cua ky sinh trung: Chia thanh 3 loai: - Ky sinh trung bat buoc (Obligatus): La nhung ky sinh trung bat buoc phai song ky sinh vao mot ca the khac, chung khong the song duoc neu roi khoi ky chu Vi du: Giun, san, ghe, ran - Ky sinh trung tuy... ton tai va phat trien, ky sinh trung phai co nhung dac diem song thich nghi voi phuong thuc song ky sinh cua chung Cac dac diem cua doi song ky sinh trinh bay dudi day the hien ro net su thich nghi cua ky sinh trung 2 .1 Dac diem ve hinh thai va kich thirdc 2 .1. 1 Dac diem hinh thai Hinh thai cua ky sinh trung rat da dang Tuy tung loai ma ky sinh trung co hinh thai rieng Nhung ky sinh trung don bao thi... trung) - Phoi tu sinh: Day la hinh thuc sinh san dac biet cua ky sinh trung Co nhung loai ky sinh trung chi sinh san d giai doan truong thanh, nhung co nhung loai ky sinh trung con co kha nang sinh san 6 giai doan au trung Do la hinh thuc phoi tu sinh Vi du: Au trung san la co dang boc, ben trong boc sinh ra nhieu te bao phoi Tir mot au trung san la o giai doan tien au trung co the sinh san ra nhieu... trien cua cac ky sinh trung Ngugc lai, mon Ky sinh trung thu y lam sang ro horn, cu the va phong phu han nhung kien thuc ma sinh vien duoc hoc a mon Dong vat hoc 2.2 Mon Giai phau, Sinh ly benh va Giai phau benh dong vat: DS xac dinh vi tri ky sinh cua cac loai ky sinh trung, xac dinh benh tich va tim ky sinh trung ky sinh, mon Ky sinh trung thu y can nhung kien thuc ve giai phau, Sinh ly benh va Giai... 11 Mot so benh bao tic trung ff gia sue Noi dung chuong 11 trinh bay: Cac benh huygt bao tu trung (g 6 m: Benh le dang trung o bo, benh Theileria a bo, benh bien trung a bo); cac benh cdu trung (giai thieu dai cuong v£ cdu trung ky sinh, benh cAu trung ga, benh cau trnng tho, benh cau trung lgn) 14 Phan thu> nhat DAI ClidNG VE KY SINH TRUNG VA BENH KY SINH TRUNG THU Y • a Chuang 1 DAI CUONG VE KY SINH