Bài giảng môn Quản trị học Chương 4

© Pearson Education Limited 2015 4-1Chapter of Decision Making... © Pearson Education Limited 2015 4-44.1 Describe the decision-making process... How Do Managers Make Decisions?© Pearson

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Chapter

of Decision Making

Learning Outcomes

• Describe the decision-making process.

• Explain the three approaches managers can use

to make decisions

• Describe the types of decisions and

decision-making conditions managers face

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Learning Outcomes (cont.)

• Discuss group decision-making.

• Discuss contemporary issues in managerial

decision making

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4.1

Describe the decision-making process

How Do Managers Make Decisions?

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Identifying a Decision Problem

Identifying Decision Criteria

Developing Alternatives

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Analyzing Alternatives

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Selecting the Best Alternative

Implementing the Decision

Decision implementation:

putting a decision into action

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Evaluating the Decision

Appraising the outcome of the decision:

Was the problem resolved?

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Common Errors

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Three Approaches Used to Make

Decisions: Types of Decisions

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Rational Model

Rational decision making:

choices that are consistent and value-maximizing within specified constraints

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Bounded Rationality

Satisfice

Escalation of commitment

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Intuitive Decision Making

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4.3 Describe the types

of decisions and decision-making conditions that managers face

Types of Decisions (cont.)

Problems, Decision Types, and

Organizational Levels

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4.4

Discuss group decision-making

How Do Groups Make Decisions?

Decisions are often made by groups representing the people who will be most affected by those

Advantages of Group Decision

Making

• More complete information

• Diversity of experiences/perspectives

• More alternatives generated

• Increased acceptance of solution

• Increased legitimacy

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Disadvantages of Group Decision Making

When a group exerts extensive pressure on an

individual to withhold his or her different views in order to appear to be in agreement

When Are Groups Most Effective?

Individual

•Faster decision making

•More efficient use of

work hours

Group

•More accurate decisions

•More creative

•More heterogeneous representation

•Greater acceptance of final solution

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Improving Group Decision Making

Make group decisions more creative by:

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4.5 Discuss

contemporary issues in

managerial decision making

Contemporary Issues

Creativity lets the decision maker:

• Understand a problem more fully

• See problems others can’t

• Identify all viable alternatives

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