Xây dựng lưới khống chế địa chính bằng công nghệ GPS huyện a lưới tỉnh thừa thiên huế

B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC NễNG NGHIP H NI NGUYN TRNG THNG XY DNG LI KHNG CH A CHNH BNG CễNG NGH GPS HUYN HUYN A LI TNH THA THIấN HU LUN VN THC S NễNG NGHIP Chuyờn ngnh : QUN Lí T AI Mó s : 60.62.16 Ngi hng dn khoa hc : TS Lấ MINH T H NI 2012 LI CAM OAN Tụi xin cam ủoan s liu v kt qu nghiờn cu lun ny l trung thc v cha ủc s dng ủ bo v mt hc v no Ni dung ủ ti ny l nhng kt qu nghiờn cu, nhng ý tng khoa hc ủc tng hp t cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu, cỏc cụng tỏc thc nghim, cỏc cụng trỡnh sn xut tụi trc tip tham gia thc hin Tụi xin cam ủoan, cỏc thụng tin trớch dn lun ủu ủó ủc ch rừ ngun gc./ Tỏc gi lun Nguyn Trng Thng Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip i LI CM N hon thnh ủc ủ ti, tụi xin gi li cm n chõn thnh ủn: Ban giỏm hiu Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni, lónh ủo Vin Sau i hc, Khoa Ti nguyờn v Mụi trng, cựng cỏc Thy Cụ giỏo ủó ging dy, truyn ủt kin thc cho tụi sut thi gian tụi tham gia khúa hc ca Trng TS Lờ Minh Tỏ ủó ht lũng quan tõm, trc tip hng dn giỳp ủ tụi quỏ trỡnh thc hin ủ ti Tụi cng xin gi li cm n chõn thnh ủn gia ủỡnh, bn bố ủó giỳp ủ, ủng viờn v ủúng gúp ý kin cho tụi sut quỏ trỡnh hc v hon thnh ủ ti Do thi gian thc hin cú hn, kinh nghim thc tin ca bn thõn cha nhiu, lun khú trỏnh nhng thiu sút, kớnh mong nhn ủc s ủúng gúp ý kin ca quý Thy Cụ ủ ủ ti hon thin hn Tỏc gi lun Nguyn Trng Thng Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip ii MC LC Li cam ủoan Li cm n I II Mc lc III Danh mc cỏc t vit tt IV Danh mc cỏc bng V Danh mc cỏc hỡnh VI I M U I.1 Tớnh cp thit ca ủ ti I.2 Mc ủớch yờu cu ca ủ ti II TNG QUAN CC VN NGHIấN CU II.1 Khỏi quỏt chung v li khng ch chớnh II.1.1 Mục đích xây dựng lới trắc địa mặt nhà nớc II.1.2 Nguyên tắc xây dựng lới trắc địa mặt nhà nớc II.1.3 Vai trũ ca li trc mt bng nh nc II.2 Cỏc phng phỏp xõy dng li khng ch mt bng II.2.1 Li tam giỏc ủo gúc II.2.2 Li tam giỏc ủo cnh II.2.3 Li ủng chuyn II.2.4 Li trc v tinh II.3 Khỏi quỏ cụng tỏc xõy dng li trc bng phng phỏp trc v tinh mt s nc trờn th gii v Vit Nam II.4 Nguyờn lý hot ủng ca h thng ủnh v GPS 14 I.4.1 on khụng gian (Space Segment) 14 I.4.2 on ủiu khin (Control Segment) 17 I.4.3 on s dng (User segment) 18 II.5 Cỏc ủi lng ủo 19 II.5.1 o khong cỏch gi theo C/A code v P code 19 II.5.2 o pha súng ti 21 II.6 Cỏc phng phỏp ủnh v 22 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip iii II.6.1 nh v tuyt ủi 23 II.6.1.1 o GPS tuyt ủi 23 II.6.1.2 o GPS vi phõn 24 II.6.2 nh v tng ủi 25 II.6.2.1 o GPS tng ủi 25 II.6.2.2 o tnh 27 II.6.2.3 o ủng 27 II.6.2.4 o gi ủng 29 II.7 Cỏc loi sai s ch yu kt qu ủo GPS 29 II.7.1 Sai s ca qu ủo v tinh 29 II.7.2 Sai s ca tng ủin ly v tng ủi lu 30 II.7.3 Sai s nhiu x ca cỏc tớn hiu v tinh 31 II.7.4 Sai s ca ủng h 31 II.7.5 Sai s ngi ủo 32 II.8 Xõy dng li khng ch chớnh bng cụng ngh GPS 33 II.8.1 Quy trỡnh xõy dng li chớnh 33 II.8.2 Thit k li chn ủim chụn mc 37 II.8.3 Lp lch ủo 39 II.8.4 Thit k ca ủo 40 II.8.5 o ủc thc 43 II.8.6 X lý s liu ủo GPS 46 III I TNG, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIấN CU 50 III.1 i tng v phm vi nghiờn cu 50 III.2 Ni dung nghiờn cu 50 III.3 Phng phỏp nghiờn cu 50 IV KT QU NGHIấN CU V THO LUN 52 IV.1 iu tra kho sỏt thu thp, s liu, ti liu 53 IV.2 Xõy dng li chớnh huyn A Li 63 IV.3 Tớnh toỏn bỡnh sai cỏc kt qu ủo 83 IV.4 Kt qu tớnh toỏn v ủỏnh giỏ li chớnh huyn A Li 93 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip iv IV.5 Cụng ngh GPS 94 V KT LUN V NGH 95 V.1 Kt lun 95 V.2 Kin ngh 97 TI LIU THAM KHO 99 PH LC Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip v DANH MC CC T VIT TT BC : Bn ủ chớnh DOP : Dilution of Precision mt chớnh xỏc GPS : Global Positioning System H thng ủnh v ton cu HDOP : Horizon Dilution of Precision mt chớnh xỏc theo phng ngang PDOP : Position Dilution of Precision mt chớnh xỏc v trớ v tinh theo 3D Ratio : T s phng sai Reference Variance : chờnh lch tham kho Rms : Sai s chiu di cnh VDOP : Vertiacal Dilution of Precision mt chớnh xỏc theo phng dc X, Y, h : Ta ủ X, Y, cao thy chun tm thi Mx, My, Mh : Sai s theo phng x, y h Mp : Sai s v trớ ủim VTNT : V tinh nhõn to GCNQSD : Giy chng nhn quyn s dng ủt Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip vi DANH MC CC BNG STT Tờn bng 2.1 Cỏc ch tiờu k thut xõy dng li GPS 10 4.1 Thng kờ tỡnh trng mc hin cú 58 4.2 Bng thng k cỏc cp ủim thụng hng 62 4.3 Bng s lng ủim thit k khu ủo 64 4.4 Bng thng kờ phõn loi khú khn ủim chớnh 65 4.5 Bng tiờu chun vt liu ủỳc mc 68 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip Trang vii DANH MC CC HèNH STT 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Tờn hỡnh Cỏc thnh phn chớnh ca GPS Chuyn ủng ca v tinh trờn qu ủo Cu trỳc tớn hiu GPS Cỏc trm ủiu khin GPS Mỏy thu Trimble 4600LS Xỏc ủnh hiu s gia cỏc thi ủim K thut gii tr cỏc mỏy thu 2.8 2.9 4.1 4.2 4.3 K thut ủnh v tuyt ủi K thut ủnh v tng ủi Quy cỏch mc chớnh Ca s Select Date Ca s Add New Point 25 28 71 76 76 4.4 4.5 Ca s Auto View Time Selection Ca s ListTimes 77 47 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 Ca s chng trỡnh Gpsurvery 2.35 Ca s Create a New Project Ca s Load from DAT file: Interactive Ca s Load Ca s thụng tin ta ủ ủim WGS - 84 Ca s thụng tin tớnh cnh Ca s thụng tin li gii cnh Ca s la chn v tinh Ca s ch tiờu gii cnh Ca s ủt cỏc ch tiờu gii cnh S ủ mng li huyn A Li Ca s Clousure Baselines Ca s Trimnet tớnh toỏn bỡnh sai li 83 83 84 84 85 86 86 87 87 88 89 90 90 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip Trang 15 16 18 19 20 21 23 viii I M U I.1 Tớnh cp thit ca ủ ti: t ủai l ti nguyờn quc gia vụ cựng quý giỏ, l t liu sn xut ủc bit, l thnh phn quan trng hng ủu ca mụi trng sng, l bn phõn b cỏc khu dõn c, xõy dng cỏc c s kinh t, húa v an ninh quc phũng v ủc bit ủt ủai ngy cng cú vai trũ ủc bit quan trng s phỏt trin nn kinh t - xó hi ca ủt nc Khi xó hi cng phỏt trin thỡ ngi cng nhn thc ủc giỏ tr ca ủt ủai v Nh nc cng cng cn phi cú bin phỏp qun lý s dng ủy ủ, hp lý cú hiu qu hn ngun ti nguyờn ủt ủai Kho sỏt, ủo ủc lp bn ủ chớnh l mt nhng ni dung qun lý nh nc v ủt ủai ủó ủc ghi ti Khon 2, iu ca Lut t ủai nm 2003 Ni dung, chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn ca cỏc cp, cỏc ngnh vic thc hin kho sỏt, ủo ủc, lp v qun lý bn ủ chớnh ủó ủc quy ủnh ti iu 19 ca Lut ủt ủai nm 2003 Cn c Lut ủt ủai nm 2003, Ngh ủnh 181/2004/N-CP ngy 29 thỏng 10 nm 2004 ca Chớnh ph v thi hnh Lut t ủai, B Ti nguyờn v Mụi trng ủó ban hnh Quyt ủnh s 08/2008/Q-BTNMT ngy 10/11/2008 v ban hnh Quy phm thnh lp bn ủ chớnh t l 1:200, 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000 v 1:10000 thay th Quy phm thnh lp bn ủ chớnh t l 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000, 1:10000 v 1:25000 ban hnh ti Quyt ủnh s 720/1999/Q-C ngy 30/12/1999 ca Tng cc trng Tng cc a chớnh T xa xa, ụng cha ta ủó bit dựng cỏc cụng c thụ s ủ ủo v lp bn ủ phc v cho cụng tỏc qun lý ủt ủai Xó hi ngy cng phỏt trin cựng vi s phỏt trin ca khoa hc cụng ngh, ngi ủó bit s dng mỏy múc, thit b k thut hin ủi cho cụng tỏc xõy dng li ta ủ chớnh cỏc cp Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip KET QUA DANH GIA DO CHINH XAC Sai so trung phuong so don vi: Sai so vi tri diem: -nho nhat: (diem: -lon nhat: (diem: Sai so tuong doi canh:-nho nhat: 1/13394563 (canh AL-52 m) -lon nhat: 265081 (canh 331476 m) Sai so phuong vi: -nho nhat:( AL-52 -lon nhat:( 331476 Sai so chenh cao: -nho nhat:( 343406 -lon nhat:( AL-52 6.- Chieu dai canh nho nhat :( 343406 503.703m - Chieu dai canh lon nhat :( AL-11 - Chieu dai canh trung binh: 1757.091m AL-07) AL-02) M mp mp ms/s 343420 = 1.00 = 0.000m = 0.004m =1/ S = 4018.369 ms/s =1/ AL-05 - 343420) AL-05) AL-30) AL-54) AL-28) AL-17) S = ma ma mh mh S 768.7 = 0.01" = 0.73" = 0.000m = 0.009m = S = 6097.722m S = Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 160 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 161 KET QUA TINH TOAN BINH SAI LUOI DIA CHINH (MANG 2) KHU DO: HUYEN A LUOI TINH THUA THIEN HUE ========================== Bang BANG TRI DO GIA SO TOA DO VA CAC CHI TIEU SAI SO HE TOA DO VUONG GOC KHONG GIAN ELLIPSOID QUI CHIEU:WGS-84 =========================================================================== ====== |Lan do| D dau D cuoi | DX | DY | DZ | RMS | RDOP | RATIO | =========================================================================== ====== | 1061| 343414 343415| -3317.247| -1048.743| -60.048| 0.022| 27.58| 3.2| | 1061| 343414 AL-83| -1677.215| -592.802| 205.290| 019| 26.72| 2.0| | 1061| 343414 AL-84| -846.035| -361.817| 350.156| 0.020| 24.52| 3.3| | 1061| 343414 AL-85| -3842.810| -1038.032| -532.755| 0.020| 29.99| 2.0| | 1061| 343415 AL-83| 1640.042| 455.900| 265.316| 0.009| 9.24| 2.0| | 1051| 343419 AL-88| 390.991| -110.388| 746.411| 0.014| 19.97| 2.5| | 1051| 343419 AL-92| -1665.779| -1130.593| 2593.070| 0.013| 15.88| 4.6| | 1051| 343419 AL-93| -2182.675| -1058.317| 1787.982| 0.017| 26.71| 4.0| | 1061| AL-84 AL-83| -831.181| -230.986| -144.866| 0.006| 3.89| 43.9| | 1053| AL-85 343415| 525.542| -10.681| 472.713| 0.013| 16.42| 6.9| | 1053| AL-85 AL-86| -413.903| -429.516| 869.204| 0.013| 15.84| 13.5| | 1053| AL-85 AL-87| -881.268| -56.192| -737.490| 0.015| 16.13| 2.5| | 1053| AL-86 343415| 939.448| 418.829| -396.493| 0.014| 17.36| 6.2| | 1061| AL-86 AL-83| 2579.491| 874.734| -131.167| 0.007| 4.25| 56.1| | 1061| AL-86 AL-84| 3410.672| 1105.722| 13.698| 0.007| 3.50| 17.4| | 1053| AL-86 AL-87| -467.363| 373.320| -1606.696| 0.018| 25.69| 1.8| | 1053| AL-86 AL-89| -2911.248| -1059.449| 1077.825| 0.015| 20.26| 3.0| | 1053| AL-86 AL-92| -2911.404| -596.218| -389.930| 0.016| 23.55| 1.6| | 1052| AL-88 AL-87| 387.261| -50.597| 629.924| 0.009| 8.72| 23.0| | 1052| AL-89 AL-90| -701.400| -130.233| -148.091| 0.012| 12.28| 9.7| | 1051| AL-90 AL-91| 59.622| 379.634| -1291.495| 0.019| 27.00| 3.5| | 1051| AL-90 AL-92| 701.243| 593.457| -1319.678| 0.010| 8.31| 3.2| Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 162 | 1052| AL-92 AL-87| 2444.053| 969.551| -1216.774| 0.012| 17.99| 2.3| | 1051| AL-92 AL-88| 2056.800| 1020.149| -1846.675| 0.012| 13.10| 9.1| | 1052| AL-92 AL-89| 0.157| -463.212| 1467.770| 0.010| 10.85| 74.0| | 1051| AL-92 AL-91| -641.634| -213.806| 28.190| 0.018| 25.36| 3.6| | 1051| AL-93 AL-91| -124.740| -286.058| 833.282| 0.011| 10.33| 3.5| | 1051| AL-93 AL-92| 516.875| -72.244| 805.092| 0.012| 13.01| 22.5| =========================================================================== ====== - RMS lon nhat:( 343414 - 343415) RMS= 0.022 - RMS nho nhat:( AL-84 AL-83) RMS= 0.006 - RDOP lon nhat:( 343414 AL-85) RDOP= 29.990 - RDOP nho nhat:( AL-86 AL-84) RDOP= 3.500 - RATIO lon nhat:( AL-92 AL-89) RATIO= 74.000 - RATIO nho nhat:( AL-86 AL-92) RATIO= 1.600 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 163 Bang BANG SAI SO KHEP HINH HE TOA DO VUONG GOC KHONG GIAN ELLIPSOID QUI CHIEU:WGS-84 =========================================================================== ======= | So hieu vong khep | dX(m)| dY(m)| dz(m)| dh(m)| dxyz | [S](m) | dxyz/[S] | | -| | | | | | | -| | 343414 343415 AL-83 | 0.01|-0.041|-0.022|-0.048| 0.048| 6993.1|1: 146938| | 343414 343415 AL-85 | 0.021|-0.030|-0.006|-0.035| 0.037| 8202.6|1: 221046| | 343414 AL-83 AL-84 | 0.001| 0.001| 0.000|-0.000| 0.001| 3650.0|1: 2580931| | 343415 AL-83 AL-86 |-0.001|-0.005|-0.010|-0.007| 0.011| 5552.1|1: 494617| | 343415 AL-85 AL-86 | 0.003|-0.006|-0.002|-0.007| 0.007| 2863.5|1: 409069| | AL-83 AL-84 AL-86 | 0.000|-0.002| 0.001|-0.002| 0.002| 7187.1|1: 3214188| | AL-85 AL-86 AL-87 | 0.002|-0.004|-0.002|-0.004| 0.005| 3919.1|1: 799990| | 343419 AL-88 AL-92 |-0.030| 0.056| 0.016| 0.065| 0.066| 7079.1|1: 108055| | 343419 AL-92 AL-93 | 0.021|-0.032|-0.004|-0.036| 0.038| 7255.8|1: 188541| | AL-88 AL-87 AL-92 | 0.008| 0.001| 0.023| 0.003| 0.024| 6584.8|1: 270178| | AL-92 AL-86 AL-87 |-0.012|-0.013| 0.008|-0.007| 0.019| 7609.0|1: 391881| | AL-92 AL-86 AL-89 |-0.001|-0.019|-0.015|-0.023| 0.024| 7816.6|1: 322625| | AL-92 AL-90 AL-89 |-0.000|-0.012|-0.001|-0.010| 0.012| 3875.7|1: 321857| | AL-92 AL-90 AL-91 | 0.013|-0.017|-0.007|-0.020| 0.023| 3632.3|1: 161316| | AL-92 AL-91 AL-93 |-0.019| 0.008| 0.000| 0.011| 0.021| 2526.2|1: 122537| | Hinh tu giac | | 343414 343415 AL-86 | | AL-84 | 0.012|-0.033|-0.013|-0.039| 0.037| 9151.9|1: 244421| | 343414 AL-83 AL-86 | | AL-85 | 0.007| 0.012| 0.008| 0.013| 0.016| 9587.9|1: 598074| | 343414 AL-84 AL-86 | | AL-85 | 0.006| 0.009| 0.009| 0.011| 0.014| 9640.2|1: 685100| =========================================================================== ======= Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 164 - - Tong so tam giac : 15 -Sai so khep tuong doi tam giac lon nhat: 1/ 108055 ( Tam giac : 343419AL-88AL-92, [S] = 7079.1m ) Sai so khep tuong doi tam giac nho nhat: 1/ 3214188 ( Tam giac : AL-83AL-84AL-86, [S] = 7187.1m ) Sai so khep chenh cao tam giac nho nhat: 0.000m ( Tam giac : 343414AL-83AL-84, [S] = 3650.0m ) Sai so khep chenh cao tam giac lon nhat: 0.065m ( Tam giac : 343419AL-88AL-92, [S] = 7079.1m ) Tong so tu giac : -Sai so khep tuong doi tu giac lon nhat: 1/ 244421 ( Tu giac: 343414- 343415- AL-86- AL-84, [S] = 9151.9m ) Sai so khep tuong doi tu giac nho nhat: 1/ 685100 ( Tu giac: 343414- AL-84- AL-86- AL-85, [S] = 9640.2m ) Sai so khep chenh cao tu giac nho nhat: 0.011m ( Tu giac : 343414- AL-84- AL-86- AL-85, [S] = 9640.2m ) Sai so khep chenh cao tu giac lon nhat: -0.039m ( Tu giac : 343419- AL-88- AL-92- AL-84, [S] = 9151.9m ) Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 165 Bang 3.1 BANG TRI DO, SO HIEU CHINH VA TRI BINH SAI GOC PHUONG VI HE TOA DO TRAC DIA ELLIPPSOID:WGS-84 ========================================================================== | STT | Ki hieu goc | Tri |S.s | So h/c| Tri b.sai | | | | o ' " | " | " | o ' " | ========================================================================== | | 343419 AL-93 | 52 45 37.35 | 0.28 | -0.17 | 52 45 37.17 | | | AL-92 AL-88 | 230 20 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 230 20 0.08 | | | 343419 AL-88 | 336 17 50.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 336 17 50.50 | | | 343419 AL-92 | 35 54 7.95 | 0.58 | 0.67 | 35 54 8.61 | | | AL-93 AL-92 | 330 26 35.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 330 26 35.25 | | | AL-93 AL-91 | 13 10 48.45 | 1.45 | 2.08 | 13 10 50.53 | | | AL-92 AL-91 | 87 18 28.95 | 1.75 | 0.26 | 87 18 29.21 | | | AL-90 AL-91 | 187 09 21.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 187 09 21.23 | | | AL-90 AL-92 | 211 39 51.43 | 0.13 | -0.07 | 211 39 51.36 | | 10 | AL-89 AL-90 | 103 05 19.96 | 0.80 | -0.89 | 103 05 19.06 | | 11 | AL-92 AL-89 | 02 44.48 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 02 44.48 | | 12 | AL-88 AL-87 | 331 18 43.30 | 2.71 | 3.13 | 331 18 46.43 | | 13 | AL-92 AL-87 | 244 53 37.91 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 244 53 38.71 | | 14 | AL-86 AL-89 | 70 45 6.72 | 0.19 | -0.21 | 70 45 6.51 | | 15 | AL-86 AL-87 | 168 38 25.40 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 168 38 25.40 | | 16 | AL-86 AL-92 | 98 42 39.90 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 98 42 40.26 | | 17 | AL-86 343415 | 247 50 7.68 | 0.00 | -0.00 | 247 50 7.68 | | 18 | AL-85 AL-86 | 29 40 9.32 | 0.28 | 0.23 | 29 40 9.55 | | 19 | AL-85 343415 | 315 01 22.82 | 0.15 | -0.06 | 315 01 22.76 | | 20 | AL-85 AL-87 | 131 40 56.64 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 131 40 56.64 | | 21 | 343415 AL-83 | 278 54 43.41 | 0.67 | 0.81 | 278 54 44.22 | | 22 | AL-86 AL-83 | 266 52 2.93 | 0.06 | -0.06 | 266 52 2.87 | | 23 | AL-84 AL-83 | 99 33 33.91 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 99 33 33.91 | | 24 | AL-86 AL-84 | 269 56 23.79 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 269 56 23.79 | | 25 | 343414 AL-84 | 68 18 54.73 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 68 18 54.73 | Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 166 | 26 | 26.57 | | 27 | 46.69 | | 28 | 36.83 | 343414 AL-83 | 82 59 26.60 | 0.06 | -0.02 | 82 59 343414 343415 | 90 47 46.87 | 0.51 | -0.18 | 90 47 343414 AL-85 | 97 50 37.10 | 0.35 | -0.27 | 97 50 ========================================================================== - Sai so phuong vi lon nhat: ( AL-88 AL-87) ma(max)= 2.71" - Sai so phuong vi nho nhat: ( 343419 AL-88) ma(min)= 0.00" - So hieu chinh phuong vi lon nhat:( AL-88 AL-87) da(max)= 3.13" - So hieu chinh phuong vi nho nhat:( AL-92 AL-88) da(min)= 0.00" Bang 3.2 BANG TRI DO, SO HIEU CHINH VA TRI BINH SAI CANH HE TOA DO TRAC DIA ELLIPPSOID:WGS-84 ========================================================================== | STT | Ki hieu canh | Tri | S.s | So h/c | Tri b.sai | | | | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | ========================================================================== | | 343419 AL-93 | 3009.034 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 3009.039 | | | AL-92 AL-88 | 2941.022 | 0.000 | -0.000 | 2941.022 | | | 343419 AL-88 | 849.730 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 849.730 | | | 343419 AL-92 | 3278.150 | 0.009 | 0.006 | 3278.156 | | | AL-93 AL-92 | 959.275 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 959.275 | | | AL-93 AL-91 | 889.668 | 0.006 | -0.003 | 889.665 | | | AL-92 AL-91 | 676.817 | 0.008 | -0.008 | 676.809 | | | AL-90 AL-91 | 1346.918 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1346.918 | | | AL-90 AL-92 | 1607.509 | 0.001 | -0.000 | 1607.509 | | 10 | AL-89 AL-90 | 727.395 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 727.398 | | 11 | AL-92 AL-89 | 1538.902 | 0.000 | -0.000 | 1538.902 | | 12 | AL-88 AL-87 | 740.850 | 0.009 | -0.012 | 740.837 | | 13 | AL-92 AL-87 | 2892.850 | 0.011 | -0.014 | 2892.836 | | 14 | AL-86 AL-89 | 3275.606 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 3275.608 | | 15 | AL-86 AL-87 | 1714.087 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1714.087 | | 16 | AL-86 AL-92 | 2991.656 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 2991.663 | Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 167 | 17 1102.249 | | 18 1053.634 | | 19 706.337 | | 20 1150.389 | | 21 1722.468 | | 22 2726.543 | | 23 874.548 | | 24 3584.875 | | 25 984.392 | | 26 1790.513 | | 27 3479.140 | | 28 4015.628 | | AL-86 343415 | 1102.249 | 0.000 | 0.000 | | AL-85 AL-86 | 1053.633 | 0.001 | 0.001 | | AL-85 343415 | 706.336 | 0.001 | 0.001 | | AL-85 AL-87 | 1150.389 | 0.000 | 0.000 | | 343415 AL-83 | 1722.464 | 0.006 | 0.004 | | AL-86 AL-83 | 2726.542 | 0.001 | 0.001 | | AL-84 AL-83 | 874.548 | 0.000 | 0.000 | | AL-86 AL-84 | 3584.875 | 0.000 | 0.000 | | 343414 AL-84 | 984.392 | | 343414 AL-83 | 1790.512 | 0.001 | 0.001 | | 343414 343415 | 3479.139 | 0.011 | 0.001 | | 343414 AL-85 | 4015.638 | 0.007 | -0.010 | 0.000 | -0.000 | ========================================================================== - Sai so canh lon nhat: ( AL-92 AL-87) ms(max)= 0.011m - Sai so canh nho nhat: ( AL-92 AL-88) ms(min)= 0.000m - So hieu chinh canh lon nhat:( AL-92 AL-87) ds(max)= 0.014m - So hieu chinh canh nho nhat:( 343414 AL-84) ds(min)= 0.000m Bang 3.3 BANG TRI DO, SO HIEU CHINH VA TRI BINH SAI CHENH CAO HE TOA DO TRAC DIA ELLIPPSOID:WGS-84 ========================================================================== | STT | Ki hieu canh | Tri | S.s | So h/c | Tri b.sai | | | | (m) | (m) | (m) | (m) | ========================================================================== | | 343419 AL-93 | 157.589 | 0.029 | 0.030 | 157.619 | | | AL-92 AL-88 | -173.017 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 173.017 | | | 343419 AL-88 | -3.935 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 3.935 | | | 343419 AL-92 | 169.017 | 0.072 | 0.066 | 169.082 | | | AL-93 AL-92 | 11.463 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 11.463 | | | AL-93 AL-91 | 7.572 | 0.014 | -0.004 | 7.568 | | | AL-92 AL-91 | -3.879 | 0.018 | -0.015 | 3.894 | | | AL-90 AL-91 | -31.982 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 31.982 | | | AL-90 AL-92 | -28.081 | 0.007 | -0.005 | 28.087 | Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 168 | 10 40.316 | | 11 12.227 | | 12 19.359 | | 13 153.658 | | 14 166.462 | | 15 25.032 | | 16 178.690 | | 17 3.478 | | 18 31.044 | | 19 27.566 | | 20 6.013 | | 21 23.009 | | 22 26.487 | | 23 14.694 | | 24 41.181 | | 25 8.500 | | 26 6.194 | | 27 29.202 | | 28 1.636 | | AL-89 AL-90 | 40.319 | 0.008 | -0.003 | | AL-92 AL-89 | -12.227 | 0.000 | -0.000 | | AL-88 AL-87 | 19.353 | 0.028 | 0.006 | | AL-92 AL-87 | -153.668 | 0.032 | 0.010 | | AL-86 AL-89 | 166.457 | 0.01 | 0.005 | | AL-86 AL-87 | 25.032 | 0.000 | 0.000 | | AL-86 AL-92 | 178.706 | | AL-86 343415 | 3.478 | 0.000 | 0.000 | | AL-85 AL-86 | -31.049 | 0.004 | 0.005 | - | AL-85 343415 | -27.564 | 0.002 | -0.002 | - | AL-85 AL-87 | -6.013 | 0.000 | 0.000 | | 343415 AL-83 | 23.000 | 0.015 | 0.009 | | AL-86 AL-83 | 26.485 | 0.003 | 0.002 | | AL-84 AL-83 | -14.694 | 0.000 | 0.000 | | AL-86 AL-84 | 41.181 | 0.000 | 0.000 | | 343414 AL-84 | 8.500 | 0.000 | 0.000 | | 343414 AL-83 | -6.193 | | 343414 343415 | -29.240 | 0.023 | 0.038 | | 343414 AL-85 | -1.640 | 0.019 | 0.005 | - - 0.019 | -0.016 | - - 0.001 | -0.001 | - ========================================================================== - Sai so chenh cao lon nhat: ( 343419 AL-92) mdh(max)= 0.072m - Sai so chenh cao nho nhat: ( AL-92 AL-88) mdh(min)= 0.000m - So hieu chinh chenh cao lon nhat:( 343419 AL-92) ddh(max)= 0.066m - So hieu chinh chenh cao nho nhat:( 343414 AL-84) ddh(min)= 0.000m ========================================================================== Bang BANG TOA DO VUONG GOC KHONG GIAN SAU BINH SAI HE TOA DO VUONG GOC KHONG GIAN ELLIPSOID QUI CHIEU:WGS-84 ===================================================================== | STT | So hieu diem| X(m) | Y(m) | Z(m) | |===================================================================| Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 169 | | 343419 | -1828051.5025 | 5845042.1069 | 1775930.0933 | | 343414 | -1822549.1345 | 5845975.2070 | 1778576.6175 | | 343415 | -1825866.4295 | 5844926.5801 | 1778516.6150 | | AL-83 | -1824226.3678 | 5845382.4459 | 1778781.9249 | | AL-84 | -1823395.1778 | 5845613.4114 | 1778926.7832 | | AL-85 | -1826391.9787 | 5844937.2754 | 1778043.9059 | | AL-86 | -1826805.8875 | 5844507.7746 | 1778913.1184 | | AL-87 | -1827273.2575 | 5844881.1045 | 1777306.4216 | | AL-88 | -1827660.5063 | 5844931.7094 | 1776676.5032 | 10 | AL-89 | -1829717.1673 | 5843448.4008 | 1779990.9795 | 11 | AL-90 | -1830418.5767 | 5843318.1793 | 1779842.8963 | 12 | AL-91 | -1830358.9555 | 5843697.8105 | 1778551.3955 | 13 | AL-92 | -1829717.3262 | 5843911.6124 | 1778523.2046 | 14 | AL-93 | -1830234.2086 | 5843983.8694 | 1777718.1152 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ===================================================================== Bang BANG TOA DO TRAC DIA SAU BINH SAI HE TOA DO TRAC DIA ELLIPSOID QUI CHIEU:WGS-84 ======================================================================== | STT | So hieu diem| B | L | H(m) | |======================================================================| | | 343419 | 1616'28.345682" | 10722'01.932590" | 65.951 | | | 343414 | 1617'57.821951" | 10718'55.657338" | 88.869 | | | 343415 | 1617'56.065135" | 10720'52.847018" | 59.762 | | | AL-83 | 1618'04.839001" | 10719'55.536601" | 82.723 | | | AL-84 | 1618'09.609226" | 10719'26.491757" | 97.393 | | | AL-85 | 1617'39.781325" | 10721'09.636603" | 87.342 | | | AL-86 | 1618'09.536941" | 10721'27.259556" | 56.311 | | | AL-87 | 1617'14.843506" | 10721'38.533314" | 81.354 | | | AL-88 | 1616'53.678876" | 10721'50.473603" | 62.005 | | 10 | AL-89 | 1618'44.485373" | 10723'11.508466" | 222.857 | Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 170 | 11 | AL-90 | 1618'39.082178" | 10723'35.366869" | 263.192 | 12 | AL-91 | 1617'55.613184" | 10723'29.628001" | 231.206 | 13 | AL-92 | 1617'54.620849" | 10723'06.851293" | 235.083 | 14 | AL-93 | 1617'27.443804" | 10723'22.738436" | 223.634 | | | | ======================================================================== Bang BANG THANH QUA TOA DO PHANG VA DO CAO BINH SAI HE TOA DO PHANG UTM **** KINH TUYEN TRUC: 10700 **** ELLIPPSOID:WGS-84 =========================================================================== ==== | So | So | Toa do, Do cao | Sai so vi tri diem | | thu | hieu | -| | tu | diem | x(m) | y(m) | h(m) |mx(m)|my(m)| mh(m)| mp(m)| =========================================================================== ==== | 1| 343414 | 1802620.122| 533711.142| 90.764 |0.000|0.000| 0.000| 0.000| | 2| 343415 | 1802571.776| 537189.957| 61.706 |0.000|0.000| 0.000| 0.000| | 3| 343419 | 1799879.152| 539245.587| 67.896 |0.000|0.000| 0.000| 0.000| | 4| AL-83 | 1802838.622| 535488.279| 84.646 |0.000|0.000| 0.001| 0.000| | 5| AL-84 | 1802983.858| 534625.872| 99.305 |0.000|0.000| 0.001| 0.000| | 6| AL-85 | 1802072.119| 537689.215| 89.288 |0.000|0.000| 0.001| 0.000| | 7| AL-86 | 1802987.622| 538210.757| 58.275 |0.000|0.000| 0.001| 0.000| | 8| AL-87 | 1801307.109| 538548.378| 83.304 |0.000|0.000| 0.004| 0.000| | 9| AL-88 | 1800657.204| 538904.002| 63.954 |0.000|0.000| 0.002| 0.000| | 10| AL-89 | 1804067.470| 541303.264| 224.878 |0.000|0.000| 0.012| 0.000| | 11| AL-90 | 1803902.746| 542011.767| 265.223 |0.001|0.001| 0.013| 0.001| | 12| AL-91 | 1802566.314| 541843.984| 233.220 |0.001|0.001| 0.009| 0.001| | 13| AL-92 | 1802534.527| 541167.920| 237.086 |0.000|0.000| 0.008| 0.000| | 14| AL-93 | 1801700.084| 541641.121| 225.635 |0.000|0.000| 0.005| 0.000| =========================================================================== ==== Bang BANG CHIEU DAI CANH, PHUONG VI VA SAI SO TUONG HO HE TOA DO PHANG UTM ELLIPPSOID: WGS-84 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 171 =========================================================================== ========= | SHD | SHD | Chieu dai| ms | ms/s | Phuong vi | ma | dh | mdh | | dau | cuoi | -| | | (m) | (m) | | o ' " | " | (m) | (m) | =========================================================================== ========= | 343414| AL-83| 1790.519| 0.000|1/99999999| 82 59 26 | 0.00| 6.145|0.001| | 343414| AL-84| 984.395| 0.000|1/99999999| 68 18 54 | 0.01| 8.525|0.001| | 343414| AL-85| 4015.641| 0.000|1/40156410| 97 50 36 | 0.00| 1.526|0.002| | 343415| AL-83| 1722.474| 0.000|1/99999999| 278 54 44 | 0.00| 22.961|0.001| | AL-85| 343415| 706.339| 0.000|1/ 7063390| 135 01 22 | 0.02| 27.580|0.002| | AL-86| 343415| 1102.252| 0.000|1/99999999| 67 50 07 | 0.00| 3.451|0.001| | 343419| AL-88| 849.733| 0.000|1/99999999| 336 17 50 | 0.00| 3.945|0.002| | 343419| AL-92| 3278.167| 0.000|1/32781670| 35 54 08 | 0.01| 169.132|0.007| | 343419| AL-93| 3009.049| 0.000|1/30090490| 52 45 37 | 0.01| 157.683|0.005| | AL-84| AL-83| 874.551| 0.000|1/99999999| 279 33 34 | 0.00| 14.670|0.000| | AL-86| AL-84| 3584.887| 0.000|1/35848870| 89 56 23 | 0.00| 41.082|0.000| | AL-85| AL-86| 1053.637| 0.000|1/10536370| 29 40 09 | 0.01| 31.031|0.003| | AL-85| AL-87| 1150.392| 0.000|1/11503920| 131 40 56 | 0.01| 5.989|0.002| | AL-86| AL-87| 1714.092| 0.000|1/99999999| 168 38 25 | 0.00| 25.042|0.005| | AL-86| AL-89| 3275.618| 0.000|1/32756180| 70 45 06 | 0.01| 166.545|0.011| | AL-86| AL-92| 2991.673| 0.000|1/29916730| 98 42 40 | 0.01| 178.771|0.006| | AL-88| AL-87| 740.840| 0.000|1/99999999| 151 18 46 | 0.01| 19.348|0.006| | AL-92| AL-87| 2892.845| 0.000|1/28928450| 64 53 38 | 0.02| 153.729|0.011| | AL-92| AL-88| 2941.031| 0.000|1/29410310| 50 20 00 | 0.01| 173.077|0.005| | AL-89| AL-90| 727.400| 0.001|1/ 808222| 103 05 19 | 0.23| 40.335|0.005| | AL-92| AL-89| 1538.907| 0.000|1/15389070| 185 02 44 | 0.01| 12.226|0.004| | AL-90| AL-91| 1346.922| 0.000|1/99999999| 187 09 21 | 0.00| 31.986|0.004| | AL-90| AL-92| 1607.514| 0.001|1/ 2009392| 211 39 51 | 0.11| 28.109|0.006| | AL-92| AL-91| 676.811| 0.001|1/ 846014| 267 18 29 | 0.25| 3.877|0.005| | AL-93| AL-91| 889.668| 0.001|1/ 1112085| 193 10 50 | 0.20| 7.572|0.005| | AL-93| AL-92| 959.278| 0.000|1/99999999| 150 26 35 | 0.00| 11.449|0.002| Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 172 =========================================================================== ========= KET QUA DANH GIA DO CHINH XAC Sai so trung phuong so don vi: M = 1.00 Sai so vi tri diem: -nho nhat: (diem: AL-83) mp = 0.000m -lon nhat: (diem: AL-90) mp = 0.001m Sai so tuong doi canh:-nho nhat: ms/s =1/ 99999999 (canh 343414 AL-83 S = 1790.5 m) -lon nhat: ms/s =1/ 808222 (canh AL-89 AL-90 S = 727.4 m) Sai so phuong vi: -nho nhat:( 343414 AL-83) ma = 0.00" -lon nhat:( AL-92 AL-91) ma = 0.25" Sai so chenh cao: -nho nhat:( AL-84 AL-83) mh = 0.000m -lon nhat:( AL-86 AL-89) mh = 0.011m 6.- Chieu dai canh nho nhat :( AL-92 AL-91) S = 676.811m - Chieu dai canh lon nhat :( 343414 AL-85) S = 4015.641m - Chieu dai canh trung binh: S = 1855.943m Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 173 Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip i [...]... o GPS tng ủi l trng hp s dng hai mỏy thu GPS ủt hai ủim quan sỏt khỏc nhau ủ xỏc ủnh ra hiu ta ủ vuụng gúc khụng gian (X, Y, Z) hay hiu ta ủ trc a mt cu (B, L, H) gia chỳng trong h ta ủ WGS-84 Nguyờn tc ủo GPS tng ủi ủc thc hin trờn c s s dng ủi lng ủo l pha ca súng ti ủt ủc ủ chớnh xỏc cao v rt cao cho kt qu xỏc ủnh hiu ta ủ gia hai ủim xột, ngi ta ủó to ra v s dng cỏc sai phõn khỏc nhau cho pha... 11 GPS vi phõn (DGPS) ngi ta ủó xõy dng h ủnh v vi phõn din rng WADGPS (Wide Area diferentital GPS) h thng ACS ca Canada Canadian Active Coltrol System) l mt vớ d v loi li ny Mng ACS ủc xõy dng bt ủu nm 1985, bao gm 20 trm theo dừi b trớ ủu cú trm ch ủt ti Ottawa Hin nay mt s nc ủó phỏt trin k thut ủnh v ủng vi cỏc trm tham chiu o VRS (Virtual Reference Station) II.3.2 Ti Vit Nam Nm 1990, cc ủo... lp li GPS tiu ban li trc a (FGCS) ca hip hi trc a quc t ủó nghiờn cu v xut bn tiờu chun ủ chớnh xỏc trc a hỡnh hc v hng dn s dng k thut ủnh v GPS tng ủi (Geometric Geodetic Accuracy Standards and Specification for using GPS Relative Positioning Techniques) v ti liu Cỏc tiờu chun v hng dn ủi vi li khúng ch trc a (Standards Standards and Specification for Geodetic Contron Networks) Cho ủn nay nhiu... NAVSTAR -GPS (Navigtion Satellite Timing And Ranging - Global Positioning System), ủc gi tt l GPS H thng ny bao gm 24 v tinh phỏt tớn hiu, bay quanh trỏi ủt theo nhng qu ủo xỏc ủnh chớnh xỏc ủnh v bng h thng ny ủc nõng cao v cht so vi h TRANSIT Nhc ủim v thi gian quan trc ủó ủc khc phc Mt nm sau khi phúng v tinh th nghim NTS-2 (Navigation Technology Sattellite 2 ), giai ủon th nghim vn hnh h thng GPS. .. ngyờn v Mụi trng II.4 Nguyờn lý hot ủng ca h thng ủnh v GPS Tờn ting Anh ủy ủ ca GPS l Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System H thng GPS gm 03 b phn cu thnh ủú l: on khụng gian, ủon ủiu khin v ủon s dng; Hỡnh 2.1: Cỏc thnh phn ca GPS II.4.1 on khụng gian (Space Segment): on khụng gian bao gm cỏc v tinh chuyn ủng trờn 6 mt phng qu ủo, ủ cao khong 20200 km Mt phng qu ủo nghiờng... ngun sai s khỏc nhau nh: Sai s ca ủng h v tinh cng nh ca mỏy Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun vn thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 25 thu, sai s ta ủ v tinh, sai s s nguyờn a tr, Ta ký hiu (ti) l hiu pha ca súng ti t v tinh j ủo ủc ti trm r vo thi ủim ti, khi ủú nu hai trm ủo 1 v 2 ta quan sỏt ủng thi v tinh j vo thi ủim ti, ta s cú sai phõn bc mt ủc biu din nh sau: 1j(ti)= 2j(ti)- 1j(ti) (2.4) Trong sai phõn... hng ca sai s ủng h v tinh Nu hai trm cựng tin hnh quan sỏt ủng thi hai v tinh j v k vo thi ủim ti, ta cú phõn sai bc hai: 2j,k(ti)= 1k(ti)- 1j(ti) (2.5) Qua cụng thc ny ta thy khụng cũn nh hng ca sai s ủng h v tinh v mỏy thu Nu xột hai trm cựng tin hnh quan sỏt ủng thi hai v tinh j v k vo thi ủim ti v ti+1, ta s cú phõn sai bc ba: 3j,k(ti)= 2j,k(ti+1)- 2j,k(ti) (2.6) Sai phõn ny cho phộp loi tr sai s... phúng ln ủu vo nm 1995 Cho ủn nay ủó cú 32 v tinh ca h thng GPS ủang hot ủng trờn qu ủo Cựng cú tớnh nng tng t vi h thng GPS ủang hot ủng cũn cú h thng GLONASS ca Nga (nhng khụng thng mi h a rng rói) v mt h thng tng lai s cnh tranh th trng vi h thng GPS l h thng GALILEO ca Cng ủng Chõu u v h thng bc ủu ca Trung Quc Nm 1983 bng cụng ngh GPS ngi ta xõy dng mng li trc a Eifel (CHLB c) Tip theo ủú nhiu... bng; II.2.1 Li tam giỏc ủo gúc; Li tam giỏc ủo gúc ủc ng dng ủu tiờn H Lan vo nm 1916 Thi gian ny ủo cnh cú ủ chớnh xỏc cao l vic khú khn cho nờn ngi ta chn ủ hỡnh c bn ca li hỡnh tam giỏc, t giỏc trc a v a giỏc trung tõm Phng phỏp tam giỏc ủó ủc ng dng ủ nhanh chúng cú li hng cao bao ph ton lónh th phc v cho cụng tỏc nghiờn cu khoa hc v cỏc nhiờm v k thut ca li Trc a mt bng Li tam giỏc ủo gúc... cao Vi mc ủớch ny ngi ta tin hnh ủo hiu s gia pha ca súng ti do mỏy thu nhn ủc t v tinh v pha ca tớn hiu do chớnh mỏy thu to ra Hiu s pha do mỏy thu ủo ủc ta ký hiu l (0 ... nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip 11 GPS vi phõn (DGPS) ngi ta ủó xõy dng h ủnh v vi phõn din rng WADGPS (Wide Area diferentital GPS) h thng ACS ca Canada Canadian Active Coltrol System)... Selection Ca s ListTimes 77 47 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 Ca s chng trỡnh Gpsurvery 2.35 Ca s Create a New Project Ca s Load from DAT file: Interactive Ca s Load Ca s... ủo ủng thi gian thc (Real time Kinematic-RTK), ủo vi phõn DGPS (Diferentital -GPS) , ủo vi phõn din rng WADGPS (WideArea-Diferentital -GPS) Trng i hc Nụng nghip H Ni Lun thc s khoa hc nụng nghip