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QUY HOẠCH PHÁT TRIỂN DU LỊCH Nội dung học phần Tổng quan quy hoạch phát triển du lịch Các yếu tố điều kiện quy hoạch phát triển du lịch Các công cụ kỹ thuật quy hoạch quản lý du lịch Quy hoạch phát triển du lịch bền vững CHƯƠNG TỔNG QUAN VỀ QUY HOẠCH PHÁT TRIỂN DU LỊCH Khái niệm quy hoạch du lịch “Planning is the process of identifying objectives and defining and evaluating methods of achieving them” 1.1 Khái niệm quy hoạch du lịch “A plan enables us to identify where we are going and how we get there” 1.1 Khái niệm quy hoạch du lịch Quy hoạch du lịch tập hợp lý luận thực tiễn nhằm phân bố hợp lý lãnh thổ sở kinh doanh du lịch có tính tốn tổng hợp nhân tố: điều kiện tự nhiên, tài nguyên du lịch, sở hạ tầng, điều kiện kinh tế-xã hội, môi trường, kiến trúc xây dựng … Quy hoạch du lịch cịn cụ thể hóa lãnh thổ dự đốn, định hướng, chương trình kế hoạch phát triển du lịch Đồng thời quy hoạch du lịch bao gồm trình định thực quy hoạch, bổ sung điều kiện phát triển nhằm đạt mục tiêu phát triển du lịch bền vững Lý việc quy hoạch phát triển du lịch Destination life cycle; More competitive situation; More complicated phenomenon; Tourism has damaged natural and cultural resources; Community involved A brief history of modern tourism planning Tourism planning is a comparative newcomer Early tourism development was founded on a basic assumption: tourism is an ‘intrinsic goods’ This led to many negative impacts on environment and society (non-sustainable tourism) A brief history of modern tourism planning Why? - There was a lack of adequate foresight about changing tourist trends and demands and; - Little or no awareness of the side-effects on the local area (negative impacts) It was the consequences of ‘non-integrated’ approach to tourism development A brief history of modern tourism planning Phase 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s to 1990s 1990s to present Planning characteristics Post-war reconstruction and streamlining of many policy regulations Virtually no public sector planning in the small-scale tourism industry Greater government involvement in tourism marketing and investment incentives in order to increase tourism earning potential but little critical analysis of the industry, which is not treated as equal to other industrial sectors Government involvement in the supply of tourism infrastructure and in the use of tourism as a tool of regional development Tourism planning reaches its apex Luxury resort model followed, ‘planners know best’ Transnational tourism companies Reduced direct government involvement, greater emphasis on public-private partnerships and industry self-regulation Acknowledgement of socio-cultural and environmental impacts of tourism; some attempts at community involvement Recognition that tourism can fail to deliver economic benefits in developing countries unless carefully planned; a move towards integrated tourism planning (adapted from Burns, 1999: 331 & Hall, 2000: 16) Broad approaches to planning Boosterism: (tourism is good) views opposition to tourism as ‘unpatriotic’ little consideration of carrying capacity practised by politicians & those that gain financially from tourism (Getz, 1987) Tourism as an industry Tourism used as a tool by governments to achieve economic restructuring Economic goals: priority over social/ecological questions Broad approaches to planning The land use/physical/spatial approach Minimise negative effects on the environment by land zoning to concentrate/disperse tourists Risk plans may ignore more socio/cultural factors Community oriented tourism planning Recognised need for the social impact perspective: vital ethically (that people influence their destination destinies) and economically (to attract tourists) Levels of tourism planning Tourism planning occurs at several different At each level, there are different issues – International level – National level – Regional / State level – Local or community level – Site level Tourism planning confines Tourism planning has been largely confined to: - Designated areas such as national park and heritage sites - ‘Subject plan’ (plan which focus specially on tourism/leisure) - Tourism/leisure as one topic in development plans for an area Key actors in the planning process Residents of host destination area Environmental advocacy groups Tourism-related and non-tourism related businesses Politicians and other elected officials Labor unions and other employee representatives Government officials Public and Private Planning Public planning generally involves public resources and objectives, such as creation of land, construction of highways, and other infrastructure Private sector planning consists of product development, building, finance, marketing, management and operations etc, Quy trình quy hoạch du lịch Stage 1: Recognizing the need for a tourism plan/strategy Stage 2: Setting objectives/goals for a specific planning strategy Why developing tourism? What benefits are expected from tourism? Type of tourism and visitor profiles? Limits on tourism growth? Time frame for development? Stage 3: Survey of existing data Stage 4: Implementation of new surveys Stage 5: Analysis of secondary and primary data Stage 6: Plan creation Stage 7: Recommendations of the plan Stage 8: Implementation of the plan Stage 9: Monitoring, evaluation and re-formulation SURVEYS Demand Analysis - Existing and Intended Visitor Market Market Analysis Tourist arrivals and characteristics Travel patterns and trends (season, changes) Supply Analysis – Destination and its attractions Attractions, accommodations, and facilities Transportation network, infrastructure, and manpower Inventory of Existing Attractions Inventory of Facilities, services and Infrastructure Business and Legal environment Tourism Impact Analysis Environmental Impacts Anticipating the impacts of development is one of the most crucial functions of a tourism plan Physical environment impacts: Region; climate; existing land uses; project site; soils; flooding; water quality; hazardous materials and waste Infrastructure and public facilities: traffic and transportation; wastewater, water supply, drainage, electrical power, emergency services Socio-cultural Impacts To what extend is the society dependent upon a more traditional economy? How will existing family structures and patterns fit with the possible employment of family members? How residents feel about performing cultural practices before foreigners? Case-study: Tourism Marketing Plan Vietnam This Tourism Marketing Plan 2008 - 2015 has been prepared by the Tourism Promotion Department of the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism (VNAT), with the support of the Spanish Agency of International Cooperation for Development (AECID) Tourism Marketing Plan Vietnam Các giai đoạn lập kế hoạch SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 1.1 Tourism in Vietnam 1.2 Demand and Competitors 1.3 Competitiveness 1.4 SWOT Analysis OBJECTIVES POSITIONING Các giai đoạn lập kế hoạch STRATEGIES 4.1 Products 4.2 Price 4.3 Publicity 4.4 Placement 4.5 People (Human Resources) 4.6 Organisation ( Processes ) Các giai đoạn lập kế hoạch ACTION PLAN 5.1 Products Action Plan 5.2 Price 5.3 Promotion / Publicity 5.4 Placement 5.5 People – Human Resources 5.6 Processes / Organisation Vietnam tourism slogan ...N? ?i dung học phần Tổng quan quy hoạch phát triển du lịch Các yếu tố ? ?i? ??u kiện quy hoạch phát triển du lịch Các công cụ kỹ thuật quy hoạch quản lý du lịch Quy hoạch phát triển du lịch bền vững CHƯƠNG... kế hoạch phát triển du lịch Đồng th? ?i quy hoạch du lịch bao gồm trình định thực quy hoạch, bổ sung ? ?i? ??u kiện phát triển nhằm đạt mục tiêu phát triển du lịch bền vững 2 Lý việc quy hoạch phát triển. .. QUY HOẠCH PHÁT TRIỂN DU LỊCH Kh? ?i niệm quy hoạch du lịch “Planning is the process of identifying objectives and defining and evaluating methods of achieving them” 1.1 Kh? ?i niệm quy hoạch du lịch