bài giảng chuyển hóa carbohyrate

CARBOHYDRATE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM METABOLISM Kadek Rachmawati, M.Kes.,Drh Kadek Rachmawati, M.Kes.,Drh CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION  AMYLUM digestion by amylase enzyme Disaccharides digestion ► Glucose is the most important carbohydrate Glucose is the most important carbohydrate ► Glucose is the major metabolic fuel of mammals, Glucose is the major metabolic fuel of mammals, except ruminants except ruminants ► Monosaccharide from diet : Monosaccharide from diet : - Glucose - Glucose - Fructose - Fructose - Galactose - Galactose ► Fructose and Galactose glucose at the liver Fructose and Galactose glucose at the liver Galactose Metabolism Fructose Metabolism  Blood glucose carbohydrate metabolism Blood glucose carbohydrate metabolism exist are : exist are : 1. Glycolisis 1. Glycolisis 2. Glycogenesis 2. Glycogenesis 3. HMP Shunt 3. HMP Shunt 4. Oxidation of Pyruvate 4. Oxidation of Pyruvate 5. Kreb’s Cycle 5. Kreb’s Cycle 6. Change to lipids 6. Change to lipids  Fasting blood glucose carbohydrate Fasting blood glucose carbohydrate metabolism : metabolism : 1. Glycogenolisis 1. Glycogenolisis 2. Gluconeogenesis 2. Gluconeogenesis GLYCOLISIS GLYCOLISIS  Glycolisis oxidation of glucose energy Glycolisis oxidation of glucose energy  It can function either aerobically or anaerobically It can function either aerobically or anaerobically pyruvate lactate pyruvate lactate  Occurs in the cytosol of all cell Occurs in the cytosol of all cell  AEROBICALLY GLYCOLYSIS AEROBICALLY GLYCOLYSIS : : Pyruvate Mitochondria oxidized to Pyruvate Mitochondria oxidized to Asetil CoA Kreb’s Cycle Asetil CoA Kreb’s Cycle CO2 + H2O + ATP CO2 + H2O + ATP Glycolisis Glycolisis  Most of the reaction of glycolysis are reversible, except of three reaction : Most of the reaction of glycolysis are reversible, except of three reaction : 1. Glucose Glucose-6-phosphate, catalyzed by Hexokinase / Glucokinase 1. Glucose Glucose-6-phosphate, catalyzed by Hexokinase / Glucokinase  Hexokinase : Hexokinase : - Inhibited allosterically by its product glucose-6-p - Inhibited allosterically by its product glucose-6-p - Has a high affinity for its substrate glucose - Has a high affinity for its substrate glucose - available at all cell, except liver and islet cell - available at all cell, except liver and islet cell