Diễn biến sinh lý, sinh hóa và hóa học khi cơ thể vận động

bs ng uy£n hac thuy d i I n b ien s in h l y , SINH HOAVAHOA HOC KHI CO THE VAN BONG ■ ■ JYEN ieu NHA XUAT BAN Y HOC ■ BS NGUYEN HAC THUY DIEN BIEN SINH LY, SINH HOA VA HOA HOC KHI Cff THE VAN DONG ■ ■ ■ nhA xuat ban y hoc HA NOI - 2001 L O I N O I D AU Trong qua trinh dat nuoc tien len cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, viec nang cao sure khoe va doi song van hoa cho moi’ nguoi da tro mot yeu cau cap bach mang tinh xa hoi De dap ung yeu cau do, tac gia bien soan quyen sach mong muon gop mot phan nho de ph vu sir hieu biet them ve qua trinh dien bien sinh ly, sinh hoa, bien hoa, cac yeu to ufc che - phan than kinh, xuyen suot c a the nguoi song va trudng cho tat ca cac anh chi dang cong tac lao dong tri oc, lao dong chan tay Dac biet phuc vu va ngoai benh vien cho cac thaythuoccac huan luyen vien, cac sinh vien a cac trtfcmg dai hoc, trung hoc, nhting khan gia yeu the thao, va cac van dong vien Dai song nguofi tu luc lot long cho den trut hoi thd cuoi cung, no duoc trai qua cac thoi ky : sinh, lao, benh, tii Sir dien bien phat trien ca the no cung trai qua nhieu khau nhu : qui luat thay cu doi moi, di hoa va dong hoa Tat ca ngiroi tren hanh tinh muon song can phai giai phong nang lirong can thiet cho ca the, nang ltftfng co diroc la nhof sir phan giai vat chat til cac chat ben ngoai dira vao ccf the va chat song co the luon luon tan vd chuyen hoa khoi co the Qua trinh duoc goi la di hoa Va nguc/i can thu nhan nhung vat chat huru co va vo co (tu thit, ca, rau, trung, qua, siia ) roi bien no ( dinh duong) chat song, phan cau tao cua te bao de cho nguoi ton tai va phat trien, qua trinh goi la dong hoa Muon hieu biet day du ve qua trinh song chung ta can nghien cuu, nam bat su bien hoa hoa hoc va qua trinh dien bien sinh ly phat sinh co the lao dong, van dong, nghi ngoi va om dau Cung nhu muon biet dirgfc qua trinh song phai nghien cuu anh huomg cu the cua qua trinh qua lai cua ctf the va moi trtfdng quanh ta Cu the la phai nhin nhan de khai niem co the gay ducrc an tuong qua trinh cua nao bo lam viec, phan urc che va su dieu khien cua he than kinh trung uong qua trinh lao dong, van dong va nghi ngoi Nam duoc chuc nang cua tim, bo may tuan hoan lam viec co bop, van hanh mau di khap co the cung nhu nam duoc chuc nang cua phoi, bo may ho hap thuc hien nhiem vu ho hap trao doi oxy, thai carbonic qua trinh lao dong, van dong, luyen tap, thi dau cung nhu liic nghi ngoi va om dau nhu the nao ? D ong thoi, nam b k t duoc qua trinh hap thu protid, glucid, lipid vao co the va bien hoa chung, cung nhu tong hop cac chat ay qua qua trinh chuyen hoa lao dong, van dong, luyen tap thi dau nhu the nao de chung ta biet duoc cai gi tranh, cai gi can va tim cac phuorng phap bao ve, de cac cach ring xur, thuc hien an uong , boi duang, nghi ngoi, lao dong cho thich hap Dac biet, vai cac thay co giao, cac sinh vien, hoc sinh d cac trudng, cac bac si o’ benh vien can n&m bat, cu the hoa de long vao cac chuang trinh giang day va dieu tri benh nhan Bien soan quyen sach co tham khoa cac tai lieu cua Lam Thu Mo (Trung Quo'c), GS LuP.Frolop, GS Sockin, GS I-A-Koplep, GS A.H.Kreptonhhicop va G Pharephen (Lien Xo), GS Runhehedoman (Thuy Dien) Hy vong co the gop dutfc mot phan nho, giup cac anh chi, cac ban tim hieu them cac dac diem ca ban ve churc nang hoat dong, cua nao bo, tim, phoi, su chuyen hoa cua cac chat protid, glucid, lipid Neu ngiing chuyen hoa la ngving sir song, roi loan chuyen hoa la ro'i loan chiic nang ca the ve qua trinh sinh ly, sir bien hoa hoa hoc bap thit lao dong, hoat dong va yen nghi cung nhir qua trinh sinh ly lam cho sir bien hoa hoa hoc trd ca nang hoat dong cua ca the hoat dong lao dong, luyen tap va thi dau Sir chuyen hoa khac qua trinh nghi ngoi va lao dong van dong Tap sach chSc khong khoi nhung thieu sot, mong duac su quan tam gop y cua anh chi va cac ban Xin cam an ! NHA XUAT BAN Y HOC :X ^ MUC LUC • • Loi noi dau Sinh ly va su chuyen hoa co the van dong Chuyen hoa protid 16 Chuyen hoa glucid 22 Chuyen hoa lipid 28 Qua trinh lien quan giUa nhting chuyen hoa cac glucid, protid va lipid 33 Chuyen hoa niiffc cor the 37 Chuyen hoa muoi cor the 40 Tac dung tong hup cac chat ca the 42 Tom lai 45 Bo nao voi cac to chuc van dong co the 46 Hung phan va uc che 54 Tuan hoan voi van dong 57 Ho hap voi van dong 69 Qua trinh sinh ly van dong 77 Bien hoa hoa hoc bSp thit van dong 95 Qua trinh bien hoa sinh ly van dong 115 Cac tuyen noi tiet cung lien quan den dien bien sinh ly, sinh hoa va hoa hoc co the Cac tuyen noi tiet 145 148 SINH LY VA SU CHUYEN HOA CO THE KHI VAN DONG Trong qua trinh phat trien cuoc song ngudi bao gid cung phai tieu hao mot so' nang luong nhat dinh, dong thdi cung can phai tiep nap mot luong dinh dudng tii ben ngoai de bu d ip lai cho su tieu hao do, neu khong se khong bao gid co the phat trien va ton tai duoc Vi vay ngudi luon luon phai hap thu nhiing chat can thiet cho co the tu moi trudng xung quanh de cung cap nang luong cho co the phat trien C o the ngudi da hap thu nhiing chat gi d moi trudng xung quanh minh ? Moi ngudi deu biet hang giay, hang phut chung ta phai hit thd khong khi, phai uong nude, phai an thit, an rau, ngu coc va nhiing thiic an can thiet khac Sau nhiing thiic an vao coth e qua qua trinh tieu hoa, bien hoa va hang loat chuyen hoa no se trd nhiing phan bo ich cho to chuc cua co the Song song vdi su bien hoa do, mot so chat co the khong ngung phan hoa de sinh nang luong huu ich va nhiing chat ba vo dung (nhu nude tieu, phan, mo hoi v.v ) Nang luong dung de cung cap cho cac hoat dong lao dong tri oc va lao dong chan tay cua moi ngudi hang cuoc song chung ta , nhiing chat ba thi thai ngoai co the Cur nhu vay, ca the khong ngiing trao doi chat vcri moi trudng xung quanh suot nam thang, suot ca doi song nguoi Nghia la co the luon luon nhd vao nhiing vat chat d moi trirong ben ngoai de doi moi vat chat cau tao co the minh Qua trinh trao doi cac chat do, sinh ly hoc (Paplop), goi la sir chuyen hoa Co the luon luon lien he vdi moi trirong ben ngoai, la tinh chat co ban hang dau cua sir song Cho nen sir chuyen hoa la dieu kien tien quyet b i t buoc phai co cho sir can thiet de co the song ton tai Nhiing vat chat can thiet hang cho co the, co nude, hap thu oxy khong khi, glucid, lipid, protid, sinh to va chat muoi vo co, v.v d cac loai thuc an nhu thit, rau, chat beo va ngii coc Nhiing chat protid, glucid va lipid co rat nhieu cac loai thuc an, no chinh la nguon nang luong can thiet cho ddi song chuc nang, no cung la nguon nhiet the cua chung ta Nhung chat ay can nhieu hay it la theo dieu kien sinh hoat, lao dong (lao dong tri oc hoac lao dong chan tay, lao dong nang hay nhe ) cua ngudi, theo hau nong lanh va tinh hinh co the nhu sinh trudng, chira de, om dau v.v Thi du, lao dong nang nhoc, tap the due the thao thi co nang chuyen hoa cung tang len, do so luong glucid, protid va lipid v.v can thiet cua co the cung tang len Che sinh hoat cua moi ngudi, su s ip xep thdi gian lao dong va nghi ngoi, so'lan an uo'ng va so'luong an, tinh 10 cang tang len vi co anh huong cua he thong trung uorng than kinh phat theo than kinh giao cam bien hoa glycogen gan tang cuong mot cach dot bien do tao rat nhieu glucose di vao mau Glucose gan tao nhat la luc phan khoi, co the vuort muc nhu cau cua cor the Trong truong hop nay, so luorng duong mau tang len khong binh thuong, thi se co mot phan glucose bai tiet ngoai voi nirrirc tieu va mat di Xuat hien san sinh qua nhieu glucose nhu noi tren cung co the b i p thit khong co van dong, cung co the xuat hien gio phut “trang thai khori thi" hay phan chan nhung cong viec tot dep Van hanh cua quan tuan hoan cang manh thi co the dua cang nhanh va cang nhieu glucose den quan can glucose, thi du dua den bap thit tham gia van dong, dua den tim va he thong trung uong than kinh Chat lipid va cac chat loai tuong tu lipid cung duoc tien hanh giong Bap thit van dong co the huy dong chat lipid kho du trii (tuc la lam cho chat lipid di tu kho du trii vao m a u ) Chat lipid trung tinh gan duoc cai tao acidlipoidic oxy hoa mot cach de dang Acidlipoidic cung nhu glucose se mau chuyen den cac quan Tuan hoan mau tang len manh cung co the lam tang qua trinh hinh thay cu doi mcfi cac san pham thai cac to chuc, se ngoai mot cach nhanh chong 138 han San pham thua hinh qua tnnh thay cu doi mai neu bj tich luy lai to chuc co the no se tao nen nhiing dieu kien bat lai nhu uong qua nhieu rugu, bia, ta an qua nhieu chat bo, tham chi uong thuoc Thuoc rat can chiia benh nhung dung khong dung, qua lieu lugng deu co hai, co the kich thich than kinh thu cam to chuc (than kinh thu cam ban the va cua noi tang), do co the anh hudng khong tot den hoat dong cua he thong than kinh trung uang Nhiing san pham mang theo tinh chat acid ( C 2, va lipid chua bi dot chay hoan toan, goi la chat doc acid neu co mau nhieu, bien manh sang phia acid, nhung hien tugng it co xay vi ban than mau co nhieu loai carbonat va photphat (chat dem cua mau) No co the lam cho acid hay kiem bi trung hoa, do lam cho mau luon luon phat sinh phan ling de tao sir binh thuang an toan mau; chat albumin coi nhu la mot doi quan dac nhiem (acid) dung dieu tiet, lam cho kiem trung hoa; nhung co acid thi no lai coi la kiem de trung hoa acid Tinh nang giii cho mau khong ngiing co phan ung ciia mau goi la “nang tinh hoa h oa n ” , albumin, carbonat va photphat goi la “chat hoa hoan” , bdi vi chat giong nhu bo phan giam soc cua cac co xe oto (khi di dudng xau nhieu o ga) dieu tiet nhiing bien hoa phat sinh dot ngot 139 V i qua trinh hoat dong ddi song ciia cor the ngudi, chat di vao mau chii yeu la san pham co tinh acid (trudc het la C 2) cho nen cac nha sinh ly hoc va cac thay thudc quan tam den nang luc trung hoa acid cua mau mot cach tu nhien (noi cach khac van de la quan tam den khoi lugng kiem du tru) Loai du trti kiem cang nhieu thi chat co nang luong mau ket hop vdi C cang tang, lam cho san pham co tinh chat axit vao mau cang dugc nhieu ; hon ntia lai khong anh hudng ldn den phan ting mau Neu du trti kiem it thi axit vdi so lugng it co the lam cho phan ting ciia mau chuyen hoa ve phia axit nhieu ho'n Do tao nen nhiing dieu kien bat lgi cho he thong trung uong than kinh va su hoat dong ciia toan co the Qua anh hudng ciia su van dong, du trti kiem mau siit di; su giam siit nhieu nhat la tien hanh van dong toe nhanh ma thdi gian thi khong ngin Khi phat sinh hien tugng “cue diem ” , du trti kiem siit xuong toi da, nhung den budc vao “ho hap loai hai” du trti kiem bat dau tang len Carbonic ( C 2) vao mau thudng thudng bi phoi bai tiet ngoai mot cach nhanh chong Ve mat nay, ngoai tac dung ciia ho hap va tuan hoan mau ra, axit lactic mau ciing co tac dung vi no co the bai tiet 140 C ngoai dirge Vi vay bat dau van dong, C chua hinh voi mot khdi luong ldn, nhung sd luong C theo khong bai tiet ngoai van co the tang len rat nhieu Acidlactic vao mau bi gan hap thu lay di mot phan ldn; vao gan, mot phan bi oxy hoa, mot phan lai chuyen bien hydratcarbon Mot phan rat nho acidlactic bai tiet ngoai theo nude tieu va md hoi Khi co the van dong co khoi lugng, co to'c nhanh acidlactic mau cang tang len nhanh va nhieu thi cang bi co the lam mat di Thi du dieu kien mot ngudi lao dong nang, mang vat di nhanh hay chay 400 - 800m chang han, co the lam cho phan ldn acidlactic bai tiet ngoai theo nude tieu va mo hoi Noi ve khoi phuc ATP lien quan den qua trinh van dong Tuy theo thdi gian van dong, qua trinh thay cu doi mdi tang len ro ret Nang lugng toa qua trinh phan giai yem cua glucogen b i p thit va qua trinh phan ung oxy hoa tuyet nhien khong phai dung tat ca vao de khoi phuc ATP chi can 45% toan bo nang lugng toa trudc glucogen b i p thit phan giai acidlactic, lai 55% nang lugng toa ngoai dudi hinh thuc nhiet (ra ngoai than the nude tieu, mo hoi ) Khi van dong, qua trinh bap thit sinh nhiet tang len cung 141 lam cho phan urng toa nhiet cua ca the tang len, neu khong thi se gay hien tugng ca the bi “qua nong” Sinh nhiet tang len co the lam cho mach mau da na mot cach phan xa; do de bao dam cho nhiet co the toa chung quanh mot cach nhanh han: (trong nude, tac dung toa nhiet lan han khong va nuac truyen nhiet han khong khi) Vi the nen van dong vien bai mat nhiet nhanh han, nhieu han Neu mot ngudi van dong manh, hay mot nguai bi ngam nude qua lau lut bao, nuac lanh se tac dung toa nhiet ca the cao nhat, gay toa nhiet qua mure Khi bang cach xoa pom- mat (pommade), dong thai phai nang cao tieu chuan an nhieu chat md beo Muc mo hoi cung tang len Mo hoi d ngoai da boc tang cuang viec toa nhiet Do cho ta thay rang lao dong, van dong manh, mo hoi la mot bieu hien cua qua trinh thay cu ddi mdi mot cach manh me b i p thit va toan bo ca the (Hien tugng trdi nong la mot tac dong ciia moi trudng, mo hoi la su phan ung thich nghi than nhiet ciia ca the khong d trudng hgp nay) Ra mo hoi la hien tugng bai tiet nude, muoi va cac chat ma ca the tach qua tinh thay cu doi mdi, va vay mo hoi nhieu thi tieu tien it di 142 Khi tieu tien it, khong nhiing chi vi cac chat can phai than bai tiet ngoai ma da co bien phap khac la vi b i p thit van dong, mot bo phan tieu cau than (la to chuc ket cau nho nhat de lam nuoc tieu) dung hot dong; tieu tien it di phan nao, nhung b ip thit van dong, than van co tac dung chinh viec bai tiet ngoai nhiing chat co axit hiiu co, co amoniac (NH3) va muoi Nude tieu bai tiet ngoai co lien he mat thiet voi hoat dong than kinh cao cap Vi du co trudng hop “trang thai khdi thi” hay phan khdi qua miic co the dien bien hoat dong ciia than, lam cho nude tieu bai tiet nhieu , co lam cho nude tieu hinh nhu diing lai, bai tiet it Do anh hudng cua lao dong, van dong, hoat dong ciia bo may tieu hoa cung co bien hoa Bdi vi bap thit van dong, mach mau nd va mau ducyc phan phoi lai, mau cung cap cho mach mau bung it di, mach mau bung co lai va nho di Trong cac quan d bung, chi co gan la d trudng hop dac biet, ta van dong mau gan khong nhiing khong giam mot phan ma tang len Do anh hudng ciia van dong, su bai tiet dich tieu hoa ciia da day va hanh ta trang cung giam siit di phan nao 143 Su giam sut chi khoi phuc lai 30 - 40 phut sau van dong ket thuc (co khoi phuc nhanh hem ), theo kha nang muc lao dong van dong, cuong lao dong, trang thai phan va uc che cua moi co the van dong va ngudi lao dong Co the (dong vat) ngudi ngu cung phai tieu hao nang luong phoi ho hap tim dap ciing nhu noi tren neu khong co nang luong thi toan bo co may khong co co sd de khdi dong, van dong (nhu xang cho xe o to, mo to) va muon co nang luong thi ca the phai trai qua cac thdi ky an uong linh nap thuc an, khong khi, trao doi ( hat thay cu doi mdi roi qua trinh dien bien sinh ly, sinh hoa va bien doi hoa hoc va ca mot qua tnnh phan, uc che chuyen hoa engym mdi co sir phat trien va ton tai 144 CAC TUYEN NOI TIET CUNG LIEN QUAN DEN DI^N BIEN SINH LY, SINH HOA VA HOA HOC TRONG CO THE Cor the nguori nhir mot bo may khong lo tinh vi, luon luon dien bien nhung qua trinh phuc tap Bo tieu hoa khong ngung tieu hoa thuc an Qua duong mau, oxy duorc cung cap cho cor the va carbonic la san pham ho hap cac cor quan bi thai tru Trai tim co bop dua mau vao he thong cac mach, phan phoi chat dinh duong va oxy cho toan cor the Than loc tu mau nhung chat can ba co hai He cor co th it tao kha nang van dong cua cor the va cac bo phan Cu quan cam giac tiep nhan nhiing tac dong cua the giori ben ngoai roi truyen cac tin hieu len bo oc He than kinh tiep nhan cac tin hieu do, bao dam nhiing phan ung tuong ling, gnip cho cor the thich nghi nhip nhang mot cach chinh xac voi ngoai canh ciia moi truong Chiic nang cua moi cor quan cor the duorc phan phoi that phuc tap va chinh xac Khi chiing ta nghi ngoi hay lao dong, thuong thiic am nhac hay vui dua the thao, tap trung tu tuong giai dap mot bai toan kho hay van hanh may moc voi nhiing dong tac quen thuoc, cac cor quan cor the hoat dong het siic an y va phu hqrp voi mot nhiem vu hoan chinh 145 Cac ca quan ton tai doc lap Qua cac thi nghiem a mot co the moi chet, cua meo chang han ta lay rieng trai tim va cho chay qua mot dung dich dinh duomg bao hoa oxy ham nong 38o thi trai tim dap dirge hang gig Dung nhting moi trudng dinh dudng nhan tao thich hgp khong nhung chi trai tim ma ca gan, than co lap deu tiep tuc song va hoat dong Tuy nhien, su song cua co the khong phai la phep cong don gian nhting hoat dong cua cac co quan, ma la mot chinh the phuc tap, mot khoi thong nhat gitia cac co quan, thudng xuyen ton tai vdi nhting tac dong qua lai cac dieu kien tinh va co the van dong Cai gi da xac lap moi lien he tuong tac ay gitia cac bo phan co the Qua nhieu cong trinh ciia cac nha khoa hoc da cho thay : trudc het co quan toi cao dieu hoa cac qua trinh song d ngudi la he than kinh Nhd he than kinh co the da bao toan dugc tinh on dinh cua qua trinh song d chinh minh vdi ngoai canh thudng xuyen thay doi No dap ting rat nhay ben vdi nhting tac dong ben ngoai Tuy nhien, bo trgcho he than kinh ton tai mot he thong khac khong kem phan quan la he thong te bao Moi te bao, moi mo, moi co quan, co mot su chuyen hoa (su trao doi cac chat co the) dac thu San pham chuyen hoa tuan hoan co the va anh hudng tdi cac ca quan va cac mo khac Do la hinh thtic don gian nhat ciia quan he tuong tac hoa hoc gitia cac bo phan cor the nhu cac thirc 146 nghiem cua I.V Mitsurin da khing dinh y nghia to ldn cua cac san pham chuyen hoa cua cac co quan su dieu hoa cac chuc phan Nhd phuong phap ghep cay, mot sd tinh chat cay coi nhu tinh chiu lanh, tinh thu phan, pham chat qua da bien doi Phuong phap lam cho cac san pham chuyen hoa d cay xam nhap va anh hudng ldn den cay Co the ngudi phuc tap hon, thi vai tro chi dao cua he than kinh tren hoat dong cua cac co quan cang co y nghia to ldn Vdi toe rat ldn, nhung tin hieu than kinh d in truyen rat nhanh ve co quan va anh hudng tdi chuc phan cua no Khac vdi cac tac nhan hoa hoc tuan hoan the dich, cac tin hieu than kinh nao truyen di dinh hudng chinh xac ve mot co quan nhat dinh Gitia nao va co quan co lien he hai chieu : qua day than kinh, nhting tin hieu di tu nao den co quan va nguoc lai Nao xac dinh nhting diem dang hoat dong d cac bo phan co the khac No bao quat va chi dinh cac chtic phan dieu tiet, bao dam tac dung qua lai gitia cac co quan Tuy nhien, su phat trien cua he than kinh nhat thiet phai co su tham gia cua he thong dieu hoa hoa hoc va noi tiet Dudi tac dung cua cac dich tieu hoa, bo may tieu hoa thuc an, chinh ruot lai la anh hudng tich cuc tdi cac tuyen tieu hoa khac Noi ro hon, la ta trang va ruot non tham gia san xuat mot chat dac biet, tham vao mau, tang cudng chtic phan cua mot tuyen tieu hoa quan Do la tuyen 147 Than la co quan bai tiet nude tieu, song than lai tiet th in g vao mau mot san pham dac biet, lam tang huyet ap Chung ta deu biet tuyen nude bot tiet nude bot, tao mot chat dem, hoa tron theo thuc an va tham gia vao viec tieu hoa hydrat carbon (cac chat loai dudng bot) Nhung, qua nhting nghien ctiu d cac nam gan day lai phat hien rin g tuyen nude bot eon tiet cac chat chi phoi luong dudng huyet (ty le dudng glucose mau), su phat trien cua tu cung, buong trting va tinh hoan Nhting thi du tren cho thay rang, cac sinh vat cao cap va ngudi ton tai mdi lien he the dich gitia cac co quan Hon the, lich trinh tien hoa cua gidi sinh vat, lai phat sinh nhting hinh thtic mdi cua su tuong tac the dich gitia cac bo phan co the ma nhieu trudng hop co tuyen noi tiet phai tham gia CAC TUYEN NOI TIET Tat ca cac dong vat co xuong song (nhu ngudi, chuot, cho, meo ) deu co he thong nhting tuyen khong co ong tiet, goi la tuyen noi tiet Trong co the ngudi, thudng gap vo sd tuyen nhu tuyen nude bot, tuyen vi, gan, Chung deu co ong tiet rieng, qua do, cac dich chay vao ho tieu hoa Day la cac tuyen ngoai tiet 148 Con cac tuyen noi tiet thi khong co ong tiet, ma tiet dich true tiep vao mau San pham cua chung goi la noi tiet to hay hormon Noi tiet to tuan hoan mau, chi can mot luong nho cung du anh huong toi su chuyen hoa, anh huong den sinh ly, sinh hoa, su tao hinh va su Ion cua co the Mot so tuyen noi tiet quan dac biet Neu cat tuyen thuong than cua meo hay cho, thi it hom sau, vat thi nghiem se chet Neu tuyen thuong than bi thuong ton la mot so benh man tinh, hoa chat hay benh lao ching han, se phat sinh cac roi loan chuyen hoa ro r e t : ham luong natri mau giam, dam kali mau tang, huyet ap ha, nguoi benh chong mat siic va yeu mon, buon non va mua, niem mac mom bi tham, da ram nau Day la benh da nau, neu khong dieu tri co the se chet Song, thuong thucmg benh rat hiem Tuyen ciing quan : giU hai chUc phan la vua ngoai tiet vUa noi tiet No tiet dich tieu hoa vao ruot qua duong ong, va tiet true tiep vao mau chat insulin, noi tiet to dieu hoa su chuyen hoa hydrat carbon Nhung thuong ton tuyen cung phan anh sau sac vao su chuyen hoa, dien bien sinh ly, sinh hoa cua toan bo co the Vi thieu insulin, su dong hoa hydrat carbon kem siit, luong duong huyet tang len Co the lanh manh dai ducmg bien benh nhan dai duong va rat khat nude Khi mac benh dai duong, ta tiem insulin vao co the, cac trieu chiing tren deu giam va het 149 Su roi loan hoat dong cua cac tuyen noi tiet khac nhtr tuyen giap trang, tuyen sinh due : deu gay roi loan chuyen hoa nghiem Dan them mot thi du khac : Trong cothe ngudi co vai doi tuyen nho nhu la tuyen can giap trang ching han, co nhung trudng hup tuyen ay u to, tang cudng tiet noi tiet to vao mau Noi tiet to ay qua thUa, gay can benh nang Cac bo phan rieng khac thoai hoa, xuomg bi mat canxi nen de gay, dac biet d dui, vai, xuomg sudm va ca xuomg song Nhieu roi loan bien di bo xuomg, lam cho benh nhan nim liet Chi dung phau thuat cat bo cho tuyen can giap trang u thi mdi cuu duoc ngudi benh lQii mot nhting tuyen noi tiet hoat dong roi loan, co the ngudi mac du co tap luyen, van dong den dau hay tang cudng phan dinh dudng den dau thi cung kho tranh duoc mac nhting benh hiem ngheo He thong noi tiet vo cung phtic tap, co che cua no duoc dieu hoa mot cach tinh te va chinh xac, no duoc he than kinh kiem tra va hieu chinh, neu mot mAt xich ciia no bi thuong ton, thi lap ttic co the he than kinh dieu chinh noi khac den bu Noi den chtic phan dieu hoa sinh hoa, hoa hoc cua su song, ta thay no luon luon di doi vdi benh tat, bdi vi m6i su bat thudng deu cho ta thay ro horn y nghia ciia noi tiet to doi vdi stic khoe , cung nhu cac chat hoat dong khac co the 150 Trinh bay tat ca ve tuyen noi tiet va ve vai tro cua no ca the, chung ta can phai noi het ve su chuyen hoa va qua trinh dien bien sinh ly hoa, hoa hoc yen tinh va lao dong, van dong Chinh co the vi khong mot hinh thuc chuyen hoa nao lai khong co cac tuyen noi tiet va noi tiet to tham gia Cac thi nghiem tren sinh vat giup chung ta hieu ro vai tro cua noi tiet to va md dudng sii dung chung de tac hop su sinh trudng va qua trinh tao lap van dong, phat trien cua ngudi 151 NHA XUAT BAN Y HOC d i I n b ie n s in h l y , s in h h o a VA HOA HOC KHI CO THE VAN DONG ■ • • Chiu trdch nhiem xuat ban HOANG TRONG QUANG NGUYfiN THI KIM LlfiN Bien tap: BS DINH THI THU Sua ban in: BS DINH THI THU Trinh bay bia: DOAN VUONG In 500 cutfn, khd 14,5x20,5cm tai Xuong in Nhk xu£t ban y hoc Gi£y dang ky ke' hoach xu£t ban sd: 11-563/XB - QLXB ng&y 25/4/2001 In xong va n6p liru chieu quy III nam 2001 ... dong 69 Qua trinh sinh ly van dong 77 Bien hoa hoa hoc bSp thit van dong 95 Qua trinh bien hoa sinh ly van dong 115 Cac tuyen noi tiet cung lien quan den dien bien sinh ly, sinh hoa va hoa hoc... cung cua chuyen hoa do co the sinh nhung su thay doi ve phan a mau cung nhu dich to chiic, lam anh hudng tdi co nang sinh ly Khi co the mac phai truOng hop thi de sinh cac benh tat, nhat la lao... ta khong tao duoc Mot so'' sinh to phai hoa tan md (nhu sinh to A, D, E, K) thi co the mdi hap thu duoc Do lipid va nhting chat tuong tu lipid cung rat quan doi vdi su sinh trudng va phat trien