bài giảng quy hoạch du lịch

Subject objectives Subject objectives:: The specific objectives of this subject are to The specific objectives of this subject are to help students to:  Explain the tourism planning co

BÀI GIẢNG QUI HOẠCH DU LỊCH

2

Course outline

Suggested self

Cell phone: 01657277282

Textbooks:

Planning

Planning Basics, Concepts, Cases, Fourth Basics, Concepts, Cases, Fourth

Edition, Taylor and Francis Books Inc.

 2 Edward Inskeep (1991), Tourism Planning 2 Edward Inskeep (1991), Tourism Planning – –

An integrated and sustainable development

approach, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Subject objectives

Subject objectives:: The specific objectives of this subject are to The specific objectives of this subject are to

help students to:

 Explain the tourism planning concept and the contemporary tourism

development trends;

 Understand different approaches to tourism planning;

 Describe site development standards and tourist facilities quality

standards; Establish carrying capacity;

 Explain regional tourism planning concepts and process Explain regional tourism planning concepts and process – – discovery discovery

of tourism potential, evaluation of attractions using survey

techniques.

 Discuss planning and managing different types of attractions

Explain resort planning approach and principles;

 Discuss urban tourism planning and planning for other forms of

tourism

 Conduct survey and analysis on tourist markets, tourism facilities

and infrastructures

Lecture 1 Tourism planning background

Objectives

planner

tourism planning.

and implementing it.

1 Planning and planners

“Plannning is a multidimentional activity that seeks to be

integrative It embraces social, economic, political,

psychological, anthropological and technological factors It

concerns with the past, present and future (Rose, 1984)

1 Planning and planners

Difficulties:

individuals, corporations and Governments

governmental bureaucracy

influenced by the field of urban and rural

planning.

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Who are the planners

* The planners

Tourism business owners and managers ::

* The planners

Government:

promotion

upon which tourism depends

* The planners

Non

Non profit sector: profit sector:

resources for tourism development

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* The planners

Professional consultants:

 Building architects Building architects – – hotels, resorts, restaurants, attractions, hotels, resorts, restaurants, attractions,

monuments, theatres, aquariums, etc

 Landscape architects Landscape architects – – site and land planning site and land planning

 Urban planning Urban planning – – services, utilities, transport, land use services, utilities, transport, land use

 Civil engineers Civil engineers – – designs and details of bridges, harbors, designs and details of bridges, harbors,

airports, waste treatment facilities

 Teams of the specialists Teams of the specialists provide the needed mix for provide the needed mix for

projects

2 Goals for tourism development

Goals and objectives:

 Objective: specific, real, actual activities, can be

accomplished within a given time

completely accomplish

identification of policies and accomplishment of

specific objectives.

2 Goals for tourism development

The following goals are suggested for today’s

vision of better tourism development:

3 Tourism planning scales

Tourism planning is different in objectives and

processes from the macro to the micro scale

 The most popular today is The most popular today is site scale site scale

success by planning at the

success by planning at the scale of the destination scale of the destination

zone

 Regional scale Regional scale of planning is needed in order to of planning is needed in order to

determine greatest potential for a larger area.

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3 Tourism planning scales

 Site Site project for tourism must include detailed project for tourism must include detailed

and current travel market information.

demand as well as location.

must encompass many relationships.

3 Tourism planning scales

Destination

Destination refers to the community refers to the community attraction attraction

complex The basic elements of planning at the

destination scale are:

one or more communities

utilities and management

needs

between cities and attractions.

3 Tourism planning scales

Planning at

Planning at regional regional scale is even more scale is even more

comprehensive than at the site and destination

zone scales

Conclusions

today.

for planning.

interactive.

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Discussion topics

Work in groups to find answers to the below questions :

Group 1: What role can national governments play in tourism

planning?

Group 2: As compared to short

Group 2: As compared to short range planning, why is longrange planning, why is long range range

Group 5: What are the barriers to reaching planning goals other

than the economy, and how can they be overcome?

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1 Approach to tourism planning

The incremental and flexible approach:

 A continuous process with adjustments, but

 Maintaining the basic objectives and policies

of tourism development.

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1 Approach to tourism planning

The systems approach:

 Tourism is viewed as an interrelated system

 Utilizing system analysis techniques.

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1 Approach to tourism planning

The comprehensive and integrated approach:

 All aspects of tourism development are

analyzed and planned

 Tourism is integrated into the overall plan of

the area

1 Approach to tourism planning

Environmental and sustainable development

approach:

depleted, but

permanent basis for continuous future use.

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1 Approach to tourism planning

The community approach:

 Maximum involvement of the local community

in planning and decision making process of

tourism

 Maximum involvement of the local community

in development and benefits of tourism.

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1 Approach to tourism planning

The implementable approach:

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1 Continuous, Incremental – adjustments

made as needed

2 Systems Approach – interrelated system

3 Comprehensive Approach – integrated

into the overall plan

4 Environmental & Sustainable – no

depletion or degradation

5 Community Approach – maximum

involvement and ownership

6 Application of systematic Planning –

logical sequence

2 Approach to tourism planning

The basic planning process follows successive steps as

Considerations

Market lead approach

Market demands should not have adverse effects,

environment or social

Short Term vs Long Term benefits

Integration with minimum impact

Concerned mostly with

 international transportation services, the flow and tour

programming of tourists among different countries,

 complementary development of major attraction features

and facilities in nearby countries,

 multimulti country marketing strategies and promotion country marketing strategies and promotion

programs

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3 Levels and types of tourism planning

International level.

 A new rail link between Vietnam and Laos (US$450

million), part of a trans

million), part of a trans Asia railway systemAsia railway system

 Thailand will finance and build a third bridge across

the Mekong River (US$41 million)

 Laos Airlines flights between Luang Prabang and

Kunming

 An accessAn access controlled tollway from Hanoi to Lao controlled tollway from Hanoi to Lao

Cai, US$1.1billion loan by ADB

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3 Levels and types of tourism planning

National and regional planning.

 Tourism policy

 Physical structure plan and infrastructure considerations

 The general amount, type and quality of accommodation

and other tourist facilities and services required

 The major tour routes

 Tourism organization structures, legislation and investment

policies

 Overall tourism marketing strategies

 Education and training programs

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3 National planning:

Vietnam tourism master plan in 1995

 Maximizing tourism contributions to the national economy,

preserving traditional culture and human values, and maintaining

the sustainable ecologically environment

 Welcoming 3.5 mil Welcoming 3.5 mil – – 3.8 mil international tourists arrivals by 3.8 mil international tourists arrivals by

2000 and 9 mil by 2010

 3 tourism regions: the North (cultural tourism, sightseeing, study

tour); the Northern Central (historical tour, coastal tourism, cave

and transit tours); and the Southern Central and the South (marine

and mountainous convalescence, water and garden based tourism)

 Construction of 4 Construction of 4 – – 5 star hotels in Hanoi, HCMC and coastal cities 5 star hotels in Hanoi, HCMC and coastal cities

and encouragement of foreign investors or JVs.

3 Levels and types of tourism planning

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3 Levels and types of tourism planning

Development area land use planning.

More detailed level of planning indicates specific areas for

urban tourist facilities, resorts and attractions These plans

include:

 Prefeasibility and feasibility studies

 Environmental Impact Assessment

 Staging of development or development programming

 Organizational and financial means for effective

implementation

 Zoning regulations and specific architectural, landscaping

and engineering design standards

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3 Levels and types of tourism planning

Facility site planning and Facility design

 Site planning is very specific planning for individual

buildings or complexes of buildings such as resorts, hotels,

restaurants, attraction features, landscaping areas

 Facility designs may be based on concepts and standards

adopted at the more general level of planning (international

standards)

Lecture 3 Regional Planning Concepts

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Objectives

1. Recognize regional development hierarchy

2. Understand basic regional tourism planning concepts

3. Identify zones with tourism potential

Regional tourism development

Physical and program development of attractions, service facilities, transportation, promotion – information for tourists

Increased participation

Greater number of tourists and increased involvement in more activities

Heightened demand

Increase in both desire and ability to

travel and participate

Mobility of friends and relatives

Proximity to attractions Population increases

Resource development

Abundant natural resources Abundant cultural resources Viable service communities Easy access Ongoing tourism reputation Favorable development image Local acceptance of tourism Favorable government control Available land, mgt, labor and finance

Depends upon

Which depends upon

Which depends upon

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2 Basic regional tourism planning concepts

Research on land characteristics for tourism development:

Geographic position:

 Distance and time of access

 Ease of access

Car access

Plane, ship access

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2 Basic regional tourism planning concepts

Research on land characteristics for tourism development:

2 Basic regional tourism planning concepts

The planning units of a region:

 Community Community – – attraction complexes, attraction complexes,

 Non Non attraction surroundings attraction surroundings.

DESTINATION ZONE: services,

facilities, things to see and do

land, air, water

INVIOLATE BELT:

Essential setting

ZONE OF CLOSURE:

Outer area of influence

(must include a service

center or community)

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by other attractions

Attraction spatial relationships:

Distant complementarity

Tour and management linkages

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Regional tourism planning process:

1. Setting the objectives

3 Spatial patterns:

Objectives:

1. To express the spatial aspects of any regional policy: locations,

concentrations, geographical linkages, travel routes, areas of

amenity, and so on

2. To facilitate the geographical integration of various types of

tourism development; and of tourism development with other

forms of economic activity

3. To more efficiently identify locations or “zones” for tourism

 freedom from pollution.

4 Discovery of tourism potentials

 resort, building construction,

 freedom from erosion

4 Discovery of tourism potentials

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Climate and atmosphere:

 freedom from severe storm, excessive humidity, cold or heat,

cloudiness, frog, pollution

 suitability for outdoor recreation activities or convalescence

4 Discovery of tourism potentials

Existing attractions and institutions:

 present tourism development and its image

The long haul tourism market for developing countries,

especially from EU countries of origin

Holidays (leisure trips) by consumers

To To help small and medium sized tourism businesses,

governments and Non Governmental Organizations

(NGOs) with their entrance to the European market or

build up their position in this market

can be downloaded from: www.cbi.eu/marketinfo

3 EU outbound tourist markets

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Lecture 4 Market Survey and

Analysis

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Outline

1 Tourist market survey

2 Tourist market analysis

3 EU outbound tourist markets (survey in 2007)

Objective:

To conduct survey and analysis on tourist markets

1 Tourist market survey

1. Provides important input to market analysis

2. Offers insight to tourist perceptions of the area

3. Should be made of both international and domestic

tourists

4. Includes interviews of tour operators

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1 Tourist market survey

Includes:

 Information from Embarkation/ Disembarkation (ED)

Immigration Cards

 Tourist expenditure and attitude surveys

 International and domestic tourists

 National or regional population census

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Generally speaking, What type of Tourists are E & D cards limited to?

1 Tourist market survey

Tourist arrivals and characteristics:

 Past and present number of tourist arrivals

 Monthly figures of tourist arrivals

 Characteristics and attitudes of tourist arrivals



 Should be ascertainedShould be ascertained

1 Tourist market survey

Tourist arrivals and characteristics:

1 Place of origin

2 Purpose of visit

3 Length of stay

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1 Tourist market survey

Tourist arrivals and characteristics:

4 Age, sex and number of family members traveling

together

5 Type of employment and income levels

6 Where traveled and stayed during visit

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1 Tourist market survey

Tourist arrivals and characteristics:

7 Number of times visited

8 Individual or group travel

9 Expenditure patterns

10 Visitor attitudes and satisfaction levels

1 Tourist market survey

Cruise ship tourists:

 Typically not involve overnight use of accommodation



 not tourists but excursionistsnot tourists but excursionists

 OnOn shore expenditures for shopping, meals and shore expenditures for shopping, meals and

sometimes entertainment

 Disembarking at one port Disembarking at one port  land tour for a few days land tour for a few days



 embarking at another portembarking at another port

 Survey with cruise ship operators (basic information) Survey with cruise ship operators (basic information) ––

with passengers (specific characteristics)

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1 Tourist market survey

Interviews of tour operators

 Problems in arranging tours to the area

 Pricing structures and attractions

 Tourist feedback

 Perceptions of the desirability of the tourism area



 Personal interviews, telephone interviews and mail Personal interviews, telephone interviews and mail

questionnaires of the tour operators are effective

approaches

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2 Tourist market analysis

Introduction: The market analysis

Introduction: The market analysis TARGET MARGETS TARGET MARGETS

1 Defines the type and extent of potential and realistic tourist

markets.

2 Results in tourist arrival projections or establishment of market

targets

targets   Essential input to planning tourist attractions, Essential input to planning tourist attractions,

activities, facilities, services, transportation and other

infrastructures required.

3 Provides the basic for formulating marketing strategies and

promotional program.

Projection techniques:

 TimeTime series series

 The experience of tourism growth elsewhere in similar

tourism situations

 Market segmentation and catchment analysis Market segmentation and catchment analysis  The The

Delphi method (Forecasting Method)

 Global and regional trends; and

 Tourist destination capacity or receptivity analysisTourist destination capacity or receptivity analysis

Gravity and trip generation model (Travel Demand

technique used for projecting ?

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Number of tourists in the period 2000 - 2003

0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000

X = Average growth rate (annually) of tourist arrivals N = number of years.

Yn = Number of tourist arrivals in the Year n Yo = Number of tourist arrivals in the Year O.

2 Tourist market analysis

Ngày lưu trú trung bì ình nh 1,9 2,5 3,0 3,5 Tổng số ngày khách (ngàn) 950,0 1.750 3.990 7.875 Các tỉnh

phụ cận

Tổng số lượt khách (ngàn) 252,1 380 650 990 Ngày lưu trú trung b

Ngày lưu trú trung bì ình nh 1,7 2,4 3,2 4,0 Tổng số ngày khách (ngàn) 428,6 912 2.080 3.960

Khách

nội

Hà Nội

Tổng số lượt khách (ngàn) 2.100 3.000 4.200 6.200 Ngày lưu trú trung b

Ngày lưu trú trung bì ình nh 1,7 2,0 2,5 3,0 Tổng số ngày khách (ngàn) 3.500 6.000 10.500 18.600 Tổng số lượt khách (ngàn) 2.926,3 3.600 4.400 6.500

Phương án 1 (Phương án thấp): Tính toán dựa trên tốc độ phát triển như hiện nay; đạt được ngay cả

khi không có tác động lớn trong lĩnh vực đầu tư Chưa phù hợp với định hướng phát triển du lịch của cả

nước, định hướng chiến lược phát triển kinh tế - xã hội của thành phố Hà Nội, đưa ra để tham khảo.

Xn = Xo x (1+X)n