Bài giảng Du lịch bền vững (cập nhật 2014)

The guiding Principals of Sustainable Tourism 1.Sustainable Tourism as a Development Tool 16 2.Key Issues for Sustainable Tourism 21 3.Relating Tourism to Development Priorities 23...

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BÀI GIẢNG MÔN DU LỊCH BỀN VỮNG

GIẢNG VIÊN BIÊN SOẠN

BRONNIE DRISCOL &

NGUYỄN THỊ THÚY HỒNG

BỘ MÔN BIÊN PHIÊN DỊCH

KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ

Sustainable Tourism

Nha Trang University 2014

Lecture 1

Key words

Look for the words highlighted – write them

down and research them for discussion in

the following lecture, using examples to

expain

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UNESCO's Founding Criteria

UNESCO's World Conference on Sustainable Tourism held in Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain in 1995 developed a specific framework for sustainable tourism to grow from Here are the highlights of those criteria:

1 Tourism development should be based on the criteria of

sustainability It should be: ecologically bearable;

economically viable; and ethically and socially equitable for local communities

2 Tourism should contribute to sustainable development and

be integrated with all aspects of the environment,

respecting fragile areas and promoting the assimilation of impacts so that these lie within capacity limits

3 Tourism must consider its effects on the cultural heritage

and traditions of local communities

4 Participation of all actors in the process is essential

• Domestic Tourism has intensified

• Tourism Movements have spread to all

corners of the Globe

• Creates Economic Reliability

• Creates Employment reliability

be development that generates

benefits to all stakeholders, solves

serious and urgent problems such

as extreme poverty, and preserves

the precious natural and

man-made resources on which human

prosperity is based

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Tourism accounts for around 10 per cent of

the world‟s economic activity and is one of

the main generators of employment

However, it also has major impacts on the

natural and built environments and on the

wellbeing and culture of host populations

The concept of sustainable development has become widely accepted as the way to a

better future, even though its roots go back

to the 1980s

Tourism is in a very special position

to benefit local communities, economically and socially, and to

raise awareness and support for conservation of the

environment

well managed

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There is no „one-fits-all‟ solution to address the question of sustainability in tourism development The is however one

crucial key universal message:

to succeed in making tourism more sustainable it is crucial to

work hand in hand with all relevant stakeholders, within and

outside government

ism SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

is “tourism which meets the needs

of present visitors and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunity for the

future” (World Tourism

Organisation)

ism 1 Being different

2 Achieving authenticity

3 Reflecting community values

4 Understanding and targeting the

market

5 Enhancing the experience

6 Adding value

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Page 19

ism 7 Respecting Natural and Cultural Values

8 Achieving Conservation outcomes

9 Having “Good Content”

10.Achieving excellence and innovation

1.Being different

The key to successful and

sustainable tourism is achieving a

clear sense of difference from other

competing destinations This can

be achieved by basing development

and marketing on the attributes and

strengths of the destination

The attractions most likely to be

successful, and those with the greatest

enduring appeal, are those which

are genuinely relevant to the history,

industry, culture lifestyle and natural

resources of the district

3 Reflecting community values

This means representing the past,

present and future aspirations of

the local community in a living and

dynamic way rather than embalming

the past This involves listening to

and responding to the community

Understanding the broad market

trends and the needs of specific

segments is critical This involves the

development of specialised products

based on the inherent attributes of an

area

5 Enhancing the experience

Peoples motivation for travel

is to seek something they cannot

experience at home The ‘bundling’

of attributes enhances the appeal of a

place, and the likelihood of visitation

Adding value to existing

attributes achieves a richer tourism

experience and helps to diversify

the local economy This can include

accommodation, sales outlets,

conference facilities and dining

in association with established

industries

Sustainable tourism development

derives its form and appeal from

these qualities, and adds to the

special nature of the destination

and in particular respects ecological

processes

A mutually beneficial alliance

can be achieved between tourism

and conservation That is, through

understanding and enjoyment comes

greater appreciation and empathy,

advocacy and protection for the

resource

Tourism development can

interpret (present and explain)

natural, social, historic and ecological

features ‘Telling the story’ provides a

more rewarding experience and helps

conserve the destination

Good design respects the

resource, achieves conservation

outcomes, reflects community values,

and is instrumental in telling the

story It is not just about form and

function but also about invoking an

emotional response from the visitor

11 Providing mutual benefits to

visitors and hosts

Tourism is not encouraged for

its own sake It is an economic and

community development tool and

must take into account the benefits

that both the host community and

the visitor seek

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12 Building local capacity

Good tourism businesses

do not stand isolated from the

communities they operate in They

get involved with the community and

collaborate with other businesses and

stakeholders to build a positive and

self-sufficient capacity

6 groups of 4 persons – give an

example of two characteristics of

Sustainable Tourism

3 minutes each

Q & A & Discussion

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Sustainable Tourism

Nha Trang University 2014

Lecture 2

The guiding Principals of

Sustainable Tourism

1.Sustainable Tourism as a Development Tool 16

2.Key Issues for Sustainable Tourism 21

3.Relating Tourism to Development Priorities 23

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“Differing from the traditional industries of

agriculture and manufacturing, the service

industry of tourism is a viable alternative for

developing the economies of many

developing countries”

Nicole Vaugeois

Tourism a Major source for

development The potential for development –

3 main conclusions; Pg 16

1.Dynamic Industry

2.Growth Market

3.Foreign Exchange

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Tourism in Vietnam

In 2012, 6.8 million international arrivals, up

from 2.1 million in the year 2000

Continued to rise in 2008, 4.218 million

international passengers, in 2009 the 3.8

million, In 2012, 6.84 million tourists This

was a 13% increase from 2011 figure of 6

million international visitors

3 Use of non-renewable resources

4 Poor choice of sight development

5 Social obliteration

6 Working conditions

7 Fragile industry

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The UNWTO has defined sustainable

tourism as

“tourism that takes full account of

its current and future economic,

social and environmental impacts,

addressing the needs of visitors,

the industry, the environment and

host communities”

12 Aims of Sustainable Toursim

• Page 18

• Read,

• Discuss

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Key Issues for ST

• The five pillars, page 21

• Discuss

• Relating each pillar to the 12 aims - Read

Thus the pillars SPECIFIALLY

relate to the12 AIMS

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Relating Tourism to Development Priorities Handout

Social development is a priority

TRAN THI QUE

TO XUAN PHUC1

“Report on Women‟s Employment and Economic Status Research.”

National Committee for Advanced Women Hanoi, 2000

Read & discuss in relation to Tourism in Vietnam

Sustainable Tourism

Nha Trang University 2014

Lectures3-12

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Methodology

A system of

broad principles or rules from which

specific methods or procedures may be

derived to interpret or solve

different problems within the scope of a

particular discipline A methodology is a

set of practices

Lecture 4

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Principals based around 5

pillars

Methodology is a framework

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Tourism Policy & Governance

PILLAR 1

A clear policy, effectively implemented by governance structures that embrace a range

of stakeholder interests, is essential for developing

sustainable tourism This is the central pillar to which all others relate

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Sub Pillars

1 The position of tourism in development

policies and programmes

2 Tourism policy and regulatory framework

3 Tourism governance and institutional

setup

1.The position of tourism in development

policies and programmes development

policies and programmes

The level of recognition by government and

international agencies of the importance of

tourism for the sustainable development of

the country, reflected in overarching

development policies and programmes

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Issues – Pages 44 - 46

• The level of recognition given to tourism in

development policies Q&A Page 44

• The extent and nature of international

assistance for sustainable tourism

development Q&A Page 46

2 Tourism policy and regulatory

framework

The presence of well formed, agreed and

implemented policies, strategies and plans

that provide direction for the development and

management of sustainable tourism,

supported by necessary legislation and

regulations

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Issues – Pages 51-52

• The existence of a tourism policy and

strategic plans, sufficient to guide the

development of tourism Q&A Page 49

• The implementation and monitoring of the

policy/strategy/plan Q&A Page 51

• The adequacy of legislation and

regulations affecting tourism Q&A Page 53

3 Tourism governance and

institutional setup

The structures in place to oversee the

development, management and coordination of

tourism, implement policies and take action,

with a focus on multi-stakeholder collaboration

including public/private partnerships

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Page 61

Issues – Pages 55-60

• The effectiveness of a central leadership

structure for tourism Q&A Page 55

• The engagement of stakeholder interests

in national tourism governance Q&A

Page 56

• The involvement of the private sector and

use of public-private partnerships Q&A

Page 58

• The effectiveness of tourism governance

at a local level Q&A Page 59

Assignment

QUESTIONNAIRE– PILLAR 1 TOURISM

POLICY AND GOVERNANCE

Fill out the questionnaire – Page 62-64

(photocopy for return) – making comments

where appropriate

Due Date – Lecture 5

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Lecture 6

3 Brand, marketing and product positioning

4 Resilience and risk management

1.Measuring tourism and its contribution to

the economy

The availability of tourism data and the need

for improvement in how it is collected,

together with the use of established

processes for understanding the economic

value of the sector through supply and

demand side measures and the use of

national accounts

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Issue – Pages 65-69

The quality of data collection and analysis

Q&A Page 68

2 Trade, investment and the

business environment

The context for stimulating trade and

investment through the inclusion of tourism in international negotiations and agreements

Factors for assessment also include levels of

investment, an understanding of barriers to

growth and the provision of a business

environment conducive to the needs of the

tourism sector

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Issues – Pages 72-74

Recognition and treatment of tourism in

trade and investment policies and

commitments Q&A Page 72

Extent of tourism investment and

conduciveness of the business environment

Q&A Page 73

Lecture 7

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3 Brand, marketing and product

positioning

The clarity of a country’s destination brand and

the coherence and execution of its marketing

plan, backed up by a set of products that are

able to deliver the quality and diversity needed

by identified target markets

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4 Resilience and risk management

The attention paid to avoiding and

managing shocks to the tourism sector

from internal and external sources, so

strengthening its reliability as a source of

income and prosperity

Issue – Page 77

Level of attention paid to risk and crisis

management Q&A Page 77

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Assignment

QUESTIONNAIRE– PILLAR 2 ECONOMIC

PERFORMANCE, IMVESTMENT AND

COMPETITIVENESS

Fill out the questionnaire – Page 79-80

(photocopy for return) – making comments

where appropriate

Due Date – Lecture 9

Lecture 8

12 jobs It is forecasted that by 2019, the global sector will grow to 296

million jobs

There are five main reasons

why sound policies and action in

the area of employment and human resources are critical to sustainable development

through tourism

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1

• The provision of accessible opportunities

for employment, available to all, is central

to economic development

2

• The availability of labour with sufficient

aptitude and skills is a key requirement of

successful tourism business

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3

• The way that people who work in tourism

perform their jobs and relate to visitors

makes a huge difference to the quality of

the visitor experience

4

• Concern about working conditions and

employee welfare must be seen as a

fundamental principle of sustainable

tourism in its own right

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5

• The availability of knowledge and skills in

certain specific areas is important for the

sustainability of tourism

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1 Human Resources planning

and working conditions

The development and implementation of

policies, strategies and plans for the

provision of employment, the

management of human resources and

the assurance of decent work, based on

widespread consultation with all involved

actors

Issue Page 82

The existence and scope of a Human

Resources policy, plan and actions,

discussed and agreed with the private sector

and other stakeholders

Q&A 83-85

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Issue Page 84

Ensuring that workers‟ rights and conditions

for decent work are met

Q&A Page 84-85

2 Skills assessment and the

provision of training

Understanding the needs of the tourism

sector and employees for improved

skills, including in topics related to the

sustainability of tourism, and

strengthening the availability and quality

of training in the country in order to meet

these needs

Issue – Page 87

The availability of sufficient training and

capacity building programmes and

institutions

Q&A Page 87-88

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Issue – Page 89

The level of engagement of the private

sector in supporting training and capacity

building

Q&A 89

Assignment

QUESTIONNAIRE– PILLAR 3

EMPLOYMENT, DECENT WORK AND

HUMAN CAPITAL

Fill out the questionnaire – Page 90-91

(photocopy for return) – making comments

where appropriate

Due Date – Lecture 10