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HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION HA THI HANG HUMAN RESOURCES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH KNOWLEDGE - BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THUA THIEN HUE NOWADAYS THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS HA NOI – 2013 HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION HA THI HANG HUMAN RESOURCES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH KNOWLEDGE - BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THUA THIEN HUE NOWADAYS Major Code : Political Economy : 62 31 01 01 THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS Scientific instructors: Associate Prof.Dr.Tran Quang Lam Dr Vu Thi Thoa HA NOI – 2013 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I here by declare that the research paper titled “Human Resources For Industrialization And Modernization Associated With Knowledgebased Economic Development In Thua Thien Hue Nowadays” my own work and to the best of my knowledge Data and materials used in the thesis are real with obvious origins; findings in this thesis are studied results of the writer AUTHOR OF THE THESIS Ha Thi Hang LIST OF ABRREVIATIONS CNH CNH, HĐH CMKT CNTT CNXH CNKT CĐ ĐH FDI GD - ĐT GS KTTT KTTTh KT - XH KH - CN KCN LLLĐ LLSX LĐ NCS NNL NNLCLC NNLKH - CN PGS SC SX - KD THCS THPT THCN Ths TCCN TC TCH UBND Industrialization Industrialization, Modernization Technical expertise Information technology Socialism Technical worker Junior College University Foreign Direct Investment Education- Training Professor Market economy Knowledge-based economy Socio-economy Science-technology Industrial Zone Labor force Production labor force Labor Postgraduate Human resource High-quality Human resource Scientific-technological Human resource Associate Professor Elementary Production-Business Sencondary School High School Vocational school Master Vocational Intermediate Intermediate Globalization People’s Committee TABLE OF CONTENT Page INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: AN OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH INTO HUMAN RESOURCE FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH KNOWLEGDE- BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 1.1 The research works into human resources for industrialization and 7 modernization 1.2 The research works into high- quality human resources in the 19 knowledge-based economy CHAPTER 2: RATIONALE AND REALITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH KNOWLEGDE- BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 2.1 28 Human resources for industrialization and modernization associated 28 with the development of the knowledge-based economy 2.1.1 Human resources and characteristics of human resources for industrialization 2.1.2 and modernization associated with 28 the development of the knowledge-based economy Industrialization and modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy and requirements of 35 human resources 2.2 Regularity in industrialization 2.2.1 human and resource structural modernization shift associated towards with the development of the knowledge-based economy Factors affecting structural shift of human resources towards industrialization and modernization associated with 48 49 the development of the knowledge-based economy 2.2.2 Trends and regularity in the human resource structural shift towards industrialization and modernization associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy 51 2.3 Experience of some countries and some provinces in the country in 59 human resource development 2.3.1 Experience in the development of human resources in some East 59 2.3.2 Asian countries Experience in the development of human resources in some 68 provinces in Vietnam 2.3.3 Lessons for Thua Thien Hue province in the development of human 73 resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy CHAPTER 3: THE CURRENT SITUATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE FOR INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGEBASED ECONOMY IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE 3.1 76 Natural conditions, Socio-economic characteristics of Thua Thien 76 Hue affecting the formation and development of human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy 3.1.1 Natural conditions of Thua Thien Hue Province affecting the formation and development of human resources for industrialization 76 and modernization associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy 3.1.2 Socio- economic conditions of Thua Thien Hue affecting the 78 formation and development of human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of the 3.1.3 knowledge-based economy Evaluation of natural conditions, socio- economic situations 80 influencing the formation and development of human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua 3.2 Thien Hue Development and movement of human resources structure for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy in Thua Thien Hue Province 83 3.2.1 Actual situation of the scale and quality of human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with 83 the development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua 3.2.2 Thien Hue Actual situation of structural shift of human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with 90 the development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue 3.2.3 Actual situation of training system of human resources for 112 industrialization and modernization associated with knowledge3.3 based economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue Overall Assessment of human resources for industrialization and 118 modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue 3.3.1 Advantages, benefits in the development and structural shift of 119 human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue 3.3.2 Restrictions, causes of limitations and issues raised in the development and structural shift of human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with 122 the development of the knowledge-based economy CHAPTER 4: 133 VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE 4.1 Viewpoints and forecasts on the development of human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue 133 4.1.1 Forecasting the demand of human resources for industrialization 133 and modernization associated with the development of knowledgebased economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue in 2020 4.1.2 The basic viewpoints in human resource development for industrialization and modernization associated with the 135 development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue 4.2 Solutions to the human resource development for industrialization 143 and modernization in association with development of knowledgebased economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue 4.2.1 Group of solutions to development of human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with development of 143 knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue 4.2.2 Group of solutions to direct training and retraining of human 150 resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue 4.2.3 Group of solutions to exploit and effectively use human resources 166 for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue CONCLUSION LIST OF REFERENCES APPENDIX 175 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Number sign Table 2.1 Name of table and figure Informatics’ Labor force in the total labor force of Page 56 developed countries Table 2.2 Labor force in the field of software in developed countries 56 Table 2.3 Work development in economic sectors in advanced 57 countries Table 3.1 The structure of the working age population by educational 88 level Table 3.2 The intelligentsia of Thua Thien Hue Province to 2010 89 Table 3.3 Scientific- Technical Staff of Hue University in 2001 - 2011 90 Table 3.4 Labor force working in the IT field in 2009 92 Table 3.5 Agencies' ratings on labor’s ability of creativeness at work 94 Table 3.6 Population aged from 15 and over with Technical Expertise 102 divided by grade of training Table 3.7 Labor force aged from 15 and over divided by training field 104 in 2011 Table 3.8 Labor with employment aged from 15 and over by 105 Technical Expertise level and Field of Training in 2011 Table 3.9 The number of employed labors divided by career 111 Table 3.10 Vocationally trained Labor force in Thua Thien Hue 115 Province in 2001 - 2010 Figure 3.1 Human resources structure by levels of Technical Expertise 99 in 1999 - 2011 Figure 3.2 Labor structure by economic lines in 1999 - 2010 107 Figure 3.3 Labor structure with employment divided by sector in 1999 109 - 2011 INTRODUCTION The urgency of the theme Theory and practice have confirmed the critical role of human resources, especially High-Quality Human Resources for the socio-economic development in general and industrialization and modernization in particular In fact, nations and locals paying interest in training and rationally effective use of human resources have reaped success The rapid recovery of Germany after World War II, or the miraculous development of the countries and territories with the advanced industry in Asia like Japan, Korea, and Singapore is clear evidence Human resources plays a decisive role, but different levels of development pose different requirements for human resources In the context of the scientific and technological revolution, the trend of globalization and the rapid spread of the knowledge-based economy, Vietnam can not make industrialization, modernization in the "traditional" way but "taking a short-cut and wait in front" instead, ie industrialization, modernization are associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy The Resolution of the Tenth Party Congress confirmed "Seize the favorable advantages created by the international context and the potential, advantages of the country to shorten the process of industrialization and modernization in the country as socialist-oriented, socialism associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy" To accomplish this goal, in the strategy of socio-economic development to the year 2020, the Party identified three breakthroughs and one of them is rapid development of human resources, especially high-quality human resources Thua Thien Hue is a Province in the Central Region with relatively harsh natural conditions and limited resources for the socio-economic development Recognizing the importance of human resource development, High-Quality Human Resources for the socio-economic growth and development, Thua Thien Hue Province has so far formed the Project 02/TU/2008 for training doctors and masters abroad; Project 03/TU/2008 for training of key staff in communes, wards and town 14 Does Thua Thien Hue have remuneration policies for appealing talents from other localities? Option Quantity % Yes 10 12.5 No 26 32.5 Don’t know 44 55.0 Total 80 100.0 15 Does Thua Thien Hue have remuneration policies for appreciating and well treating talents working in the province? Option Quantity % Yes 14 17.5 No 19 23.8 Don’t know 47 58.8 Total 80 100.0 16 Assessment of policies for appreciating talents in Thua Thien Hue Province nowadays Option Quantity % Rational 3.8 Basically rational 16 20.0 Irrational 43 53.8 Difficult to answer 18 22.5 Total 80 100.0 17 Reasons for difficulty in appealing and appreciating talents in Thua Thien Hue Province Option Quantity % Yes 12 15.0 No 68 85.0 Total 80 100.0 Yes 21 26.2 No 59 73.8 Total 80 100.0 46 57.5 No 34 42.5 Total 80 100.0 Discrimination between staff managed Yes 15 18.8 by the Central authorities and the No 65 81.2 local staff Total 80 100.0 All the above options Yes 27 33.8 No 53 66.2 Total 80 100.0 Yes 2.5 No 78 97.5 Total 80 100.0 Unsound working environment Few opportunities for promotion Lack of rational remuneration policies Yes Others QUESIONNAIRE FOR LABOR IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE ******** Currently, we are working on the topic “Human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy in Thua Thien Hue Province” Please choose your options with a (x) Thank you very much Question 1: Please provide some personal information a Full name: b Work place: c Educational level: Illiterate  Primary school  Secondary school  High school  d Technical expertise: - No technical expertise  - Technical worker (with degree/certificate  - Elementary - Vocational high school - Junior college, university and over (Junior College  University  Postgraduate Without degree/certificate )  ) e Age 15- 30  Within 30 - 40  Within 40 - 50  Within 50 - 60  f Heath condition ( Male  ; Female  ) (fill in and mark x) - Height 1m .cm - Weight 1m cm - Diseases  - No diseases . - Endurance, resistance  - No endurance, resistance  - Sound mind, cheery  Question 2: Is your current job suitable with your capacity and trained major? a Suitable  b Unsuitable  c Difficult to answer  Question 3: Do you love your current job? a Very much  b Yes  No  c Difficult to answer  Question 4: How you assess your knowledge level? Not Knowledge Good Difficult good good Very to answer No Difficult to General social knowledge Professional knowledge Knowledge about Labor Law and Labor Regulations Capacity in IT and other modern equipment manipulation Foreign languages capacity Question 5: How you assess your creativeness? Creativeness in work Yes answer Frequently have initiatives in work (forming models, designing products or deploying Scientific research topics, improving teaching methods…) Frequently have solutions to improve work efficiency Frequently have new changes in viewpoints and thoughts in work Know to exploit modern media, machines and apply them to work Frequently give new ideas Question 6: How you assess your adaptation and flexibility Adaptation and flexibility in work Not good Good Very good Difficult to answer Accept changes, work transformation Have self-motivation and accept new jobs Ability to quickly seize market information Availability of movement, change of work Ability to cope with shocks, risks in work Question 7: How you assess your working style and discipline? Working style and discipline in work Not good Good Very good Difficult to answer Awareness of abidance by regulations, disciplines of labor Responsibility spirit for work of labor Learning spirit to improve knowledge and experience in work Professional level in work Comply with and treasure time at work Dynamic, active and flexible Question 8: How you assess your dedication in work? Dedication in work Diligence at work Effort, exertion to overcome difficulties in work Enthusiasm in work Passion in work Loyalty and attachment to the agency Not good Good Very good Difficult to answer Question 9: What is your general assessment of your capacity in work? a Professional expertise Very skillful  Skillful  Unskillful  Difficult to answer  b Creativeness in work High  Not high  Low  Difficult to answer  c Adaptation and flexibility to changes Not good  Good  Very good  Difficult to answer  d Working style and discipline High  Not high  Low  Difficult to answer  Question 10: How many initiatives, inventions have you had since the last 05 years in work? 1-2  b 2-4  c 4-6  d 6-8  e.8-10  f Over 10  What are they? a Building models  b Designing new products  c Improving production process  d Renovating working methods  e Doing scientific research, writing articles  f Others Question 11: In your opinion, What are the obstacles for work quality, especially the creativeness ? (Can take several options) a Personal educational and professional qualification  b Unsound working environment  c Lack of material facilities, equipment  d Unsatisfactory incentive, remuneration policies of the local  Others Question 12: What you need to promote creativeness and efficiency in work? (Can take several options) a Building an ideal working environment  b Material remuneration policies in proportion to qualifications and contribution  c Policies to appreciate and attract talents  d Pay attention to the work of professional level improvement and enhancement  e All the above options  Question 13: Does Thua Thien Hue have remuneration policies for appealing talents from other localities? a Yes  b No  c Don’t know  What are they? a Issuing land and house  b Lending house at low price  c Offering initial financial assistance  d Assigning position suitable with qualifications and capacity  e Getting promoted  f Being paid high salary  g Others Question 14: Does Thua Thien Hue have remuneration policies for appreciating and well treating talents managed by the province? a Yes  What are they? b No  c Don’t know  a Being supported after completing courses (For PhD, Master degrees) - For Master degree, how much is the assistance? .mil dongs - For PhD degree, how much is the assistance? .mil dongs b Being appointed to study abroad in the Project 02 and 03 of the Province  c Being assigned better position after training  d Getting promoted  Question 15: Does Thua Thien Hue have remuneration policies for appreciating and well treating talents managed by the Central authorities? (are now working in the province) a Yes  b No  c Don’t know  What are they? a Being supported after completing courses (For PhD, Master degrees)  b Being appointed to study abroad in the Project 02 and 03 of the Province  c Being assigned better position after training  d Getting promoted  Question 16: What you think the reasons for difficulty in appealing and appreciating talents in Thua Thien Hue Province ? (Can take several options) a Unsound working environment  b Few opportunities for promotion  c Lack of rational remuneration policies  d Discrimination between staff managed by the Central authorities and the local staff  e All the above options  f Others Question 17 What you think about the policies for appreciating talents in Thua Thien Hue Province nowadays? a Rational  b Basically rational  c Irrational  d Difficult to answer  If irrational, what are your suggestions? (Can take several options) a Satisfactory material remuneration policies  b Timely commendation and rewards  c Being assigned position suitable with qualifications and capacity  d Building sound working environment, chance to get promotion and higher positions  e All the above options  QUESTIONNAIRE APPLIED TO LABOR USERS (For labor managers) Currently, we are working on the topic “Human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy in Thua Thien Hue Province” Please choose your options with a (x) Thank you very much Question Labor recruitment in Your agency is based on the following criteria: a Qualifications  b Competence (through Interview)  c Age  d Gender  e Local people preferentially  Question 2: Does Your agency face Difficulties in recruitment process? a Yes  b No  c Difficult to answer  Question 3: What are the usual difficulties? (Can take several options) a Low –quality labor (no technical expertise)  b Trained labor unsuitable for requirements of the agencies  c There are no policies, remuneration for highly-qualified labor d Limited norm  e All the above options  f Others Question 4: After recruitment, does the agency continue training? a Yes  b No  c Don’t know  Question 5: If there is training after recruitment, please specify a Main subjects for training: - Labor without technical expertise  - Technical workers  - Elementary  - Vocational high school  - Junior College, University and over  b Main type of training applied by the agency:  - Training in agency, enterprise  - Training at centers abroad  - Training at centers in the nation  - Others c What are the objectives of training courses? (Can take several options) - Enhance professional knowledge  - Practice of soft skills  - Practice of group work skill  - Practice of creativeness  - Practice of industrial working style, discipline  - All the above options  Question 6: Please show your satisfaction for labor in your agency, enterprise a Knowledge of labor Criteria General social knowledge Professional knowledge Knowledge about Labor Law and Labor Regulations Capacity in IT and other modern equipment manipulation Foreign languages capacity Unsatisfied Satisfied Much Satisfied Difficult to answer b.Creativeness of labor in work Criteria Unsatisfied Satisfied Much Satisfied Difficult to answer Frequently have initiatives in work (forming models, designing products or deploying Scientific research topics, improving teaching methods…) Frequently have solutions to improve work efficiency Frequently have new changes in viewpoints and thoughts in work Know to exploit modern media, machines and apply them to work Frequently give new ideas c Adaptation and flexibility of labor Criteria Accept changes, work transformation Have self-motivation and accept new jobs Ability to quickly seize market information Availability of movement, change of work Ability to cope with shocks, risks in work Unsatisfied Satisfied Much Satisfied Difficult to answer d Working style and discipline of labor Criteria Unsatisfied Satisfied Much Satisfied Difficult to answer Unsatisfied Satisfied Much Satisfied Difficult to answer Unsatisfied Satisfied Much Satisfied Difficult to answer Awareness of abidance by regulations, disciplines of labor Responsibility spirit for work of labor Learning spirit to improve knowledge and experience in work Professional level in work (dynamic, active and flexible) Comply with and treasure time at work e Dedication level of labor in work Criteria Diligence at work Effort, exertion to overcome difficulties in work Enthusiasm in work Passion in work Loyalty and attachment to the agency f Work completion of labor Criteria Implementation progress or time allocated for completion of work assigned Work quality Completion of norm, work volume Efficiency of common work of the agency, enterprise Question 7: What are the obstacles for work quality, especially the creativeness of labor? e Educational and professional qualification does not meet the requirements  f Unsound working environment  g Lack of material facilities, equipment  h Unsatisfactory incentive, remuneration policies of the local  i Others Question 8: In your opinion, what is necessary to promote creativeness and efficiency in work? f Building an ideal working environment  g Material remuneration policies in proportion to qualifications and contribution  h Policies to appreciate and attract talents  i Pay attention to the work of professional level improvement and enhancement  j All the above options  Question 9: Does Thua Thien Hue have remuneration policies for appealing talents from other localities? a Yes  b No  c Don’t know  If yes, please specify Question 10: Does Thua Thien Hue have remuneration policies for appreciating and well treating talents working in the province? a Yes  b No  c Don’t know  If yes, please specify Question 11: As we know, the talents remuneration policies remain discrimination between staff managed by the Central authorities and the local staff What is your opinion about this issue? Question 12 What you think about the policies for appreciating talents in Thua Thien Hue Province nowadays? a Rational  b Basically rational  c Irrational  d Difficult to answer  If irrational, what are your suggestions? Question 13: What you think the reasons for difficulty in appealing and appreciating talents in Thua Thien Hue Province ? g Unsound working environment  h Few opportunities for promotion  i Lack of rational remuneration policies  j Discrimination between staff managed by the Central authorities and the local staff  k All the above options  l Others Question 14: In your opinion, what does the province need to to develop the human resources, especially high quality one for Industrialization and Modernization? ... for industrialization and modernization; presents the experience of developing countries (Thailand, Malaysia), the countries in the transition (India) and countries with advanced industries (Japan)... not perform Industrialization sequentially as many countries, but undergoes industrialization and modernization associated with the development of Knowledge-based economy Industrialization and... of Page 56 developed countries Table 2.2 Labor force in the field of software in developed countries 56 Table 2.3 Work development in economic sectors in advanced 57 countries Table 3.1 The structure