Sexta-feira, 27 de maio ⁄ Quinta-feira, 2 de junho
Dica: Vamos aprender expressðes usadas para expressar o sentimento de amargura a pessoas de
posi¢&o superior, mais velhas ou no fntimas
Didlogo avangado: No trabalho de meio tưng
Gerente: Muito obrigado Bom
Anna: Com licenga Desculpe, mas gostaria de faltar amanhi
Gerente: O qué? De novo? Mas vocé acabou de pegar folga recentemente Anna: Eu sei mas
Gerente: Isso é um problema
Anna: Perdao Sei que causarei transtorno mas no tenho outra saida Minha filha esta febril novamente
Gerente: Fazer o que né Anna: Perdao
@ Expressdes-chave
Gomeiwaku dato wakatte masu ga, doushiyou mo nakute
E a expresso usada quando se recebe uma critica de uma pessoa de posi¢do superior ou mais velha, para manifestar sua amargura ciente de que estấ causando transtorno, porém, nao encontrando outra saída
*Doushiyou mo nakufe ” É a eXpressão “como não há outra solucão, sin(o um aperto no coracão
mas nao sei como agir” dita de forma amenizada
® Vamos aprender!
Moushiwake nai n desu ga, ashita yasumitai n desu ga: Expresso que manifesta hesitagao em solicitar folga
Mata?: Forma coloquial, com omiss%o da segunda metade, da expresso “mata desu ka?” (de novo?) Konaida mo yasunda bakari janai: Expressdo usada para reprimir o fato da pessoa ja ter faltado
recentemente
Sou nandesu ga: Exptessão usada para manifestar concordância com relacão ao que a outra pessoa falou, ao mesmo tempo que faz prevalecer sua opinião
Komaru n da yone: Forma coloquial e informal do verbo “komarinasu”, sendo uma expressão usada para indicar diretamente a outra pessoa 0 transtorno causado
Kodomo ga mata netsu o dashite shimatte: Expressio usada para mencionar 0 motivo pelo qual se deseja faltar “Netsu o dasu” significa que a temperatura do corpo estd mais alta do que o habitual Shouganai naa: Expressao usada para si mesmo quando se esta pasmado com a outra pessoa ou desistiu
de argumentar com ela
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Sakura mochi: The name of a Japanese sweet eaten in the spring Sakura mochi are pink like cherry (sakura) blossoms They have red azuki bean paste on the inside and are wrapped in a salted cherry tree leaf
Sakuramochi: Doce japonés tipico da primavera Sua cor rosada assemelha-se a da flor de cerejeira Seu interior vem com uma geléia de doce de feijio (azuki) O doce é enrolado em folhas de cerejeira deixadas em conservas
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Warabi: The name of a wild plant eaten in the early spring
Warabi: Nome de uma planta silvestre degustada no inicio da primavera
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Kooden-bukuro: An envelope used for giving offerings on inauspicious occasions
Kooden-bukuro: Envelope usado para colocar dinheiro em sinal de con- doléncias nos funerais
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Useful Japanese Grammar Points
1 Sentence Structure me tw we ee ee ee eee eee eee www we eee eens
Japanese sentences are composed of several parts of speech Parts of speech represent categories of words that are determined by their meanings, forms, func-
tions, and other attributes
(1) Parts of Speech
Verbs : ikimasu (to go), iimasu (to say), tabemasu (to eat)
I-adjectives (adjectives that end in “i” when they modify a noun) : oishii o-cha
(delicious tea), yasui mise (an inexpensive store)
Na-adjectives (adjectives that end in “na” when they modify a noun) : kirei na
hana (a pretty flower), shizuka na mori (a quiet forest)
Nouns : Tookyoo (Tokyo), sensei (teacher), hon (book), terebi (television), ame
(rain)
Particles : (— See page 162) (2) Word Order
The rules on word order in Japanese are relatively flexible, but for the most part, word order follows the following format Japanese sentences are marked by
the fact that the predicate (the part of the sentence containing the main verb)
comes at the end of the sentence
subject predicate
[Ex:] Kinoo, koko de, |Tanaka-san wa,| Hanako-san ni hana o | agemashita
subject object object _ predicate (Yesterday Mr Tanaka gave Hanako flowers here.) Whether a noun is a subject or an object is determined by the type of particle that appears after it, and it is in this way that a sentence’s meaning becomes coherent 2 The Predicate - cece cette en eee teens
The conjugations and tenses of the parts of speech that appear in the predicate of a sentence are explained in the following chart The desu/masu forms are used when speaking politely The da form is used when speaking to close friends and to people who are of inferior rank/status to yourself It is also used when writing aca- demic papers, novels, and other such works The da form is also used for such func- tions as attributive modification (Ex: [ku toki, kaimasu [At the time that I go, I will
buy it]) and in quotations (Ex: Kare wa iku to timashita [He said that he would go])