ODAM: one door administrative mechanism ODCA: one door connected administrative ODCAM: one door connected administrative mechanism PAR: public administration reform PCTC: The People's Co
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The concept of BP, BPI procedures: - 13 1.1.4 ODCAM In BPI procedures: eect cece eet 222xx3 13 1.2 Requirement of improving the quality of ODCAM in obtaining BP
A Building Permit (BP) is an official document granted by the relevant management authorities in Vietnam, allowing investors to proceed with construction projects in compliance with local laws Consequently, both individuals and organizations intending to undertake construction activities in Vietnam are required to obtain this permit from the appropriate governmental department.
The research team will outline BPI procedures for projects approved by the district People's Committee, which encompass standalone houses and urban developments within the committee's administrative boundaries Notably, exceptions apply to projects featuring special architectural designs and those related to religious purposes.
BPI procedures include the following steps: citizens apply for BP, the competent agency receives application, classify, assess, set BP and return the documents.
When implementing ODCAM, BIP procedures follow a script including the steps and roles of the participants (citizens and the state management
>See point 1, clause 2 “Decision No 93/2007/QD - TTg June 22, 2007 of the Prime Minister issued the
Regulation on the implementation of ODAM in local administrative agencies "
“See point 62, "Construction Law dated 26/11/2003 No.16/2003/QH11 of the Socialist Republic of
*See point 23, clause 2 "Decree No 12/2009/ND-CP dated 12/02/2009 of the Government on managing construction project investment."
13 agency) The script that based on order and time to implement is described clearly and fully.
In the script, the citizens have responsible for applying BP at OCAM in commune Then citizens have to pay fees and taxes according to regulations."
The remaining procedures including classification, testing, application assessment and setting BP will be carried out by competent agencies Via
ODCAM procedures will be executed in collaboration with officials from the commune level, the district's People's Committee, and those responsible for relevant sectors, including power lines and water pipelines Subsequently, the benefits will be delivered to citizens through a one-stop administrative service.
ODCAM in BPI procedures emphasizes the role of citizens as customers of public services State administrative agencies are responsible for processing applications and providing citizens with the necessary outcomes.
The procedural framework of BPI via ODCAM
- Officials in charge of area
Officials in charge of BPI
- Receiving documents at ODCAM _ | Instructing citizens to create 02 days
-Undertaking works at the areas Examining document, under the management of Urban matching the approved 03-05 days plan, scheduling for a field
- Finishing documents Calculating and analysing the datas, appraising and Approving and signing
*See point 63, clause 68, "Construction Law dated 26/11/2003 No.16/2003/QH11 of the Socialist
; ơ - Return BP Officials recieving documents at
- Fee collecting 1 day commune ODCA division
= - Regional officials Hand over landmark
- Commune Construction- land administration Officials control point on site |
- Archivist at Urban Management Recording documents
1.2 Requirement of improving the quality of ODCAM in obtaining
After 5 years of implementation in the local administrative systems, ODCAM is considered to bring positive results in PAR , simplify procedures, reduce troubles, efforts and times of citizens and organizations Besides, ODCAM build a more scientific procedure, more compact system organizational mechanization, and more transparecy relationship between different levels of administrative systems and citizen.
Recent economic and social development in Vietnam has intensified the need for accelerated public administration reform (PAR) and elevated the standards for public administration services To align with societal economic growth and advancements in science and technology, it is crucial to enhance the quality of the One-Stop Shop (ODCAM) in processing business permits (BP) and to improve the competency of officials.
1.2.1 The economic and social development:
The promotion of PAR in Vietnam is driven by robust economic growth and international integration In the construction sector, the increasing urbanization and economic development have heightened the demand for housing and residential area planning This surge in demand underscores the need to enhance the quality of ODCAM in securing building permits (BP).
Since Vietnam's integration into the global economy, globalization has significantly impacted its economic landscape, offering growth opportunities while also intensifying competitive challenges The country has experienced robust investment growth and an expansion of industries and businesses, which has heightened the demand for effective state management This situation underscores the crucial need to advance Public Administration Reform (PAR) across all levels of the public administration system.
Vietnam's robust economic growth has fueled significant rural-to-urban migration, increasing the demand for individual housing in cities Alongside rising per capita income, more individuals are now able to invest in home construction Additionally, the rapid population growth in this developing nation has intensified the pressure on housing development Consequently, managing housing construction in urban areas of Vietnam has become increasingly challenging and complex due to the escalating needs of individuals and organizations.
In recent years, globalization has spurred rapid urbanization across the country, leading to numerous investment projects To address the growing demand, localities are organizing land use and resource planning Consequently, the BPI requirements for individuals and organizations in the construction sector have become increasingly urgent As a result, enhancing the management and quality of BP procedures by competent agencies is essential in today's context.
The advances of science and information technology
Recent advancements in science and technology are increasingly integrated into various sectors of society In Vietnam, the government is gradually leveraging these advancements through targeted policies and programs aimed at applying information technology to enhance public administration This strategic approach is focused on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of public services.
The early 2006 failure of Vietnam's Project 112 "e-government" highlights the necessity for enhanced preparation in facilities and human resources for effective information technology integration in public administration This incident underscores the urgent need to improve the quality of Public Administration Reform (PAR), including the One-Stop-Shop model (ODCAM), to align with advancements in science and technology.
The rapid economic and social development in Vietnam has significantly elevated the educational standards, providing more individuals with access to scientific and technological advancements This progress facilitates the implementation of computerization in various sectors, particularly in agricultural finance (AF) Consequently, this serves as a driving force to enhance quality and integrate scientific applications in public administration reform (PAR), including the deployment of ODCAM through electronic portals.
Research in scientific management has led to the establishment of specific processes, standards, and guidelines aimed at maximizing organizational efficiency In Vietnam, particularly within ODCAM, the government has developed a framework for implementing the AF, which includes clear provisions regarding responsibilities, tasks, and timelines This focus on improving quality is essential for enhancing operational effectiveness.
"Look Decision 112/2001/TTg July07, 2001 by the Prime Minister approving the project on computerization of State administration in 2001-2005period.
17 of facilities and people, effects brought by ODCAM will beenhanced by these useful science application.
Actual state of one door connected administrative mechanism in building permit issuing in Tuyen Quang city2.1 General introduction of Tuyen Quang province:
Geographical location, nature condifion
Tuyen Quangis a mountainous provincein the north, located between the Northwest and Northeast of
Vietnam is situated between the latitudes of 21°30’ to 22°40’ North and longitudes of 104°53' to 105°940' East It shares borders with several provinces: Ha Giang to the north, Cao Bang to the northeast, Bac Kan and Thai Nguyen to the north, Vinh Phuc to the south, Phu Tho to the southwest, and Yen Bai to the west The country is approximately 165 kilometers north of Hanoi and 155 kilometers south of the Vietnam-China border in Ha Giang province.
Tuyen Quang province boasts an extensive river system comprising over 500 rivers and streams, with the Lo River flowing centrally through the region for 145 km Additionally, the Gam River traverses the province from north to south, stretching 170 km before merging into the Lo River in the northwest of Yen Son district, near Phuc Ninh, Thang Quan, and Tan Long communes Covering a natural area of 586,800 hectares, Tuyen Quang's landscape is predominantly mountainous, with 70% of the province characterized by rugged terrain.
Tuyen Quang features a complex topography characterized by high mountains in the northern region, while the southern part consists of gently sloping terrain with numerous hills and valleys along the rivers The province can be categorized into three distinct regions: the northern mountains, which include Na Hang, Chiem Hoa, Ham Yen, and Nonth Yen.
Son district, theaverage height of from 200-600 mand inclining southward, the average slopeof 250.(2)the middle mountains
The province is located in the southern part of Yen Son district, Tuyen Quang city, and the northern area of Son Duong district, characterized by an average elevation of under 500 meters The terrain features a gentle slope, particularly below 250 meters, with the southern mountains situated in the midland region of Son Duong district.
Tuyen Quang province experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by a cold, dry winter and a hot, humid summer with significant rainfall Rainstorms are most prevalent from May to August, often leading to floods and flash floods The region sees phenomena such as hail and whirlwinds during the rainy season, with average annual rainfall ranging from 1500 to 1700 mm The average annual temperature is between 22°C and 24°C, with highs reaching 33°C to 35°C and lows between 18°C and 20°C, making the coldest months particularly notable.
November and December (lunar calendar), often occurs frost.
2.1.2 Situation of economical, political, cultural and social development:
From 2005 to 2010, Tuyen Quang province experienced significant economic growth, with an annual GDP growth rate of 13.53% The economic structure shifted towards a reduced emphasis on agriculture and forestry, while the industry and services sectors expanded, with industry-construction making up 30.8% and services 40.9% of the GDP Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries contributed 28.3% to the province's GDP Industrial production value rose by an average of 21.2%, and food output exceeded 32,000 tons, resulting in an average food availability of 440 kg per person per year These advancements led to a GDP per capita of $702 By 2010, total government revenues reached 710 billion VND, reflecting an average annual increase of 20% Additionally, the province made significant strides in developing both technical and social infrastructure.
The national electric network has successfully reached rural areas, providing electricity to 100% of communes, wards, and towns, with 94.1% of households now having access Additionally, 67.5% of the rural population benefits from hygienic water, and 99% of villages are connected by roads leading to the center Furthermore, telecommunications coverage extends to 100% of town centers, wards, and towns, enhancing connectivity in these regions.
Regarding to the organizational structure of administrative system,
Tuyen Quang is a diverse region comprising 6 districts and 1 city, featuring 141 communes, wards, and townships With a population exceeding 70,000, it is home to 22 ethnic groups, predominantly the Kinh (over 48%), Tay (25.5%), Dao (11.4%), and Cao Lan (8%) The average population density stands at 116 people per km², but this is unevenly distributed; Tuyen Quang city has the highest density at 1,234 people per km², while other areas are much less populated.
Lam Binh district with 87 people/km2.
Cultural and social development is advancing alongside economic growth, leading to improved education, healthcare, and overall quality of life By 1995 and 2001, national standards for primary and secondary education were achieved, with over 99% of secondary teachers meeting training standards Radio coverage reached 84% and television coverage hit 90% The region boasts eight district hospitals and one provincial hospital, with 70% of communes meeting national health standards, contributing to an average life expectancy of 70 years Significant progress has been made in labor, employment, poverty reduction, social security, and the prevention of social issues, with the rate of trained labor reaching 31.5% in 2010, including 17.5% of trained workers.
Introduction of Tuyen Quang city scale research of project
Nestled in southern Tuyen Quang province, the area is bordered by the Lo River and adjacent to Yen Son, Son Duong, and Ham Yen districts in Tuyen Quang, as well as Doan Hung district in Phu Tho province It is located 165 km from Hanoi, 154 km from Ha Giang town, 86 km from Thai Nguyen city, and 60 km from Yen Bai city Covering a natural area of 119.18 km², the region features a predominantly mountainous topography interspersed with valleys and alluvial plains, with the Lo River being the only river flowing through the city, extending 40 km in length.
2.2.2 The situation of economic development, politics, social culture:
Between 2005 and 2010, a significant milestone in urban development occurred when Tuyen Quang town was officially upgraded from urban level IV to urban level II, as approved by the Prime Minister This pivotal change led to the establishment of Tuyen Quang City just one year later.
As a consequence, Tuyen Quang city has been enlarged in terms of administrative border line, organisational structure population size as well as economic structure.
Tuyen Quang city has experienced significant economic growth, with an annual GDP per capita increase of 13.47% The industrial and construction sectors contribute 29.21%, while commerce, tourism, and services dominate with 65.11%, and agriculture and forestry account for 5.68% The city is actively restructuring its economy, shifting focus from agriculture and forestry to commerce, tourism, and industry Despite an average annual income per capita of $635 in 2008, these figures indicate that Tuyen Quang's growth, while strong, remains comparatively low against other cities in the country.
In terms of politics and society, the current organizational structure of the city is comprised of seven inner city wards and six suburban
The city comprises 22 communes, with seven urban wards housing 54,650 residents over 30.72 km² and six suburban communes accommodating 37,763 people across 88.46 km² Continuous investments in infrastructure, education, healthcare, and culture have significantly improved citizens' lives The city boasts 17 national-standard schools, three provincial hospitals, and 12 commune health centers, alongside various cultural facilities including plazas, museums, libraries, and sports centers.
Despite recent advancements in innovation and economic growth, Tuyen Quang city remains one of the most impoverished regions in the country Therefore, it is crucial to enhance management strategies to fully leverage the city's existing potential and foster its development.
2.3 The situation of construction activities in Tuyen Quang city:
2.3.1 The status of house building need:
In recent years, Tuyen Quang city has witnessed a significant rise in construction demand, with a total of 16,000 houses and an approximate floor area of 1.5 million m², averaging 27.42 m² per person Due to its mountainous terrain, Tuyen Quang is prone to flooding, leading to robust construction practices, with 84.38% of homes built solidly Between 2006 and 2011, the city saw the completion of 2,037 new houses.
1336 residential construction, occupy 65.59% In 2010, the number of new constructions is 438, increased 150% from 2009 and in 2011 is 552 constructions, increase 130% compare to 2010.
Table 1: New constructions that were built in the period 2006-2011
154 | 201 | 247 | 369 ®SeeState law 01 licensed data, total number of implementing procedure0] and procedure 02.
Year/Construction types 2006 | 2007Residential construction
The increasing demand for construction can be attributed to two key factors: the rapid development of the local economy and significant administrative changes since 2009, when six communes and wards merged, resulting in a threefold expansion of the city's boundaries.
In Vietnamese culture, building a family home is a fundamental aspect of life, as it symbolizes stability and success in one's career The belief that a solid home is essential for achieving professional goals drives the priority of constructing houses With the significant economic growth in Tuyen Quang, rising per capita income has contributed to a more stable lifestyle, resulting in a rapid increase in demand for new construction and home renovations.
In 2008, Tuyen Quang significantly expanded its administrative boundaries, growing from seven wards covering 4,394.12 hectares to an area of 11,917.45 hectares, marking an increase of 7,523.33 hectares, or 171.2% This expansion, which includes the addition of six new communes, has necessitated enhanced management of new housing developments under the city's jurisdiction.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in demand for new housing construction in Tuyen Quang city, placing pressure on construction management This trend is expected to continue, necessitating that local authorities adopt effective strategies to address construction management challenges in the region.
On September 3, 2008, Decree No 99/ND-CP was issued to adjust the administrative boundaries of Yen Son district, facilitating the expansion of Quang town and the establishment of several new wards and communes within Tuyen Quang town.
2.3.2 The planning of land usage and the development of residential area in the city:
Since Tuyen Quang town was designated as a grade III urban area in 2009 and subsequently as a city in 2010, it has experienced significant changes in its economy, politics, and social structure The emphasis on effective planning and development orientation has been highly regarded, laying the groundwork for future growth initiatives Consequently, city officials are committed to advancing and formalizing area planning, which includes the creation of urban planning maps that adhere to established criteria and requirements.
- Orientation map of developing urban space: scale of 1/2000;
- Planning map of total land usage area: scale 1/2000;
- Planning map of infrastructure system: scale 1/2000;
The city actively promotes regional planning for communal centers, administrative and economic zones, as well as cultural, educational, and service hubs, with a particular focus on developing residential areas Currently, five residential zones have been officially planned: Tan Phat, Minh Thanh, Dong Son, Tan Binh, and Hung Kieu This strategic planning facilitates effective housing management for residents.
While there are benefits to urban planning, certain areas remain uncharted or lack comprehensive planning maps Additionally, in regions with prior planning, residents may still construct homes, but city administrations often revise these plans, resulting in potential conflicts and inconsistencies in development.
'°See Decision number 694/QD-BXDon 25.06.2009 of the Ministry of Construction on the recognition of town Tuyen Quang, Tuyen Quang province is urban area grade III
"See Resolution No 27/NQ-CP dated 02/7/2010 of the Prime Minister on the establishment of Tuyen uang city, Tuyen Quang province.
On July 28, 2007, the People's Committee of Tuyen Quang Province issued Decision No 292/QD-UBND, which approved the adjustments to the master plan for the development of Tuyen Quang Town This plan outlines the strategic direction for the town's growth up to 2010, with further orientations extending to 2020.
2 people do not understand the land usage program of the state in their living area Thus, citizens cannot build their houses.
Survey results of quality assessment of ODCAM in obtaining BP: 31 2.6 General assessment of the quality of ODCAM in BPI procedures in
In the dissertation on public management conducted from November to December 2011, we surveyed two types of participants and examined the implementation processes for obtaining BP at the ODCAM department of the People's Committee of Tuyen Quang city.
Form No 1: for citizens that have had the formalities for obtaining BPat the ODCAM department to — gather their opinions on the implementation process and staffs.
Form No 2: for the officials staff of ODCAM department in BP to gather their opinions onthe implementation process and their to improve the quality.
1 ook PL02 Official list of ODCAM in obtaining BP of Tuyen Quang city
"| ookDecision 04/2004/QD-BNV January 16, 2004 of Ministry of home affair about issuing regulations of specific standard for official staff of communes, wards and towns.
Table 4: Data table on the number of surveys for participants involve in issuing BP at ODCAM department, Tuyen Quang city
No | Survey form: Objects/number of | Number of | Number of R
Form 02: Officials staff in IN 100,0 |
ODCAM department % Form no.l: comprised of 13 questionaires and 1 comments, in which question 5, 12, 13 are multiple choice and the others are single choice.
Table 5.Result summary from questionnaires survey Nol a —T—— n Rat Tot
Pl | Rate | P2 | Rate | P3 | Rate | P4 PS | Rate
——————— ee, ee ee ee ee ee See! Seer ener
Ms os lee eel did |17 | 869 0,0 Oil ae 0 198
Table 6 Result summary from questionnaires survey No2
Questio | P1 | Rate | P2 | Rate | P3 | Rate |P4 | Rate | P5 | Rate a n
|}———}-—}-=5 SE ee ee ee ee eee
The authors aim to assess the current state of ODCAM within the BPI procedures in Tuyen Quang city through questionnaire surveys, focusing on identifying issues and proposing solutions to enhance quality.
- Evaluating level of public service access for citizen to ODCAM in BPI procedures
- Evaluating existing process and procedures.
- Evaluating real difficulties and its cause
- Evaluating service attitude of officials.
- The desire of officials and citizens in order to enhance quality.
2.5.1 Assessing the extent of the ODCAM in BPI procedures to citizens:
The analysis of questions 1, 2, and 3 from Survey 1, along with questions 1 and 2 from Survey 2, aims to evaluate citizens' comprehension of the law regarding the issuance of Birth Permits (BP) and the related procedures at the ODCAM department This assessment will determine the accessibility of ODCAM services to citizens in Tuyen Quang city and evaluate whether officials possess a proper understanding of the procedures and effectively promote awareness among the public.
A recent survey revealed that 67.2% of citizens are aware of the BP application but lack a clear understanding of its implementation Only 17.7% reported knowing the necessary procedures, while 6.6% were completely uninformed Regarding the BPI procedures at the ODCAM department, 42.9% of citizens acknowledged awareness but lacked clarity, and 39.4% did not understand the procedures at all A mere 17.7% claimed to have a clear understanding of the BPI procedures Furthermore, information sources regarding ODCAM and BPI are predominantly inadequate, with only 17.2% of respondents receiving guidance from officials, while 57.1% relied on insights from individuals who had previously completed the procedures.
According to officials, 76.7% recognize the objectives of the ODCAM they are implementing, while 90% have a clear understanding of the BPI procedures and processes This high level of comprehension facilitates the effective transmission of legal information and allows for clear communication with citizens regarding the procedures.
Officials are expected to possess legal knowledge and professional skills, as evidenced by the high demand from citizens for information on state legislation and policies, with 73.3% conducting their own research or consulting others However, there remains a significant gap in the access and exchange of essential information between officials and the public Consequently, the effectiveness of officials in disseminating state guidelines, legal policies, and procedures, particularly at ODCAM and within BPI, is currently limited.
35 in particular is very low They are weak in the approach of accessing and communicating with citizens Therefore, the purpose of ODCAM in serving citizens is not effectively achieved.
2.5.2 Assessment of the current procedures and processes:
Table 7 The results of the investigation and assessment of BPI procedures implemented at the ODCAM department
| Evaluation / Rate of Total | Rate answers
| Simple on paper work but complex on _ 717 implementing 142 %
Difficult to understand and implement 198
| Need to be supplemented and readjusted > 198 Del 28
Simple on paper work but complex on 70,0 implementing 21 30 %
Difficult to understand and implement 0 30 0,0%
Need to be supplemented and readjusted
To assess the procedures of implementation, the authors collected comments from question 4 in survey 1 and question 3 in survey 2.
According to Table 7, a significant majority of citizens and officials perceive that the BPI procedures at the ODCAM department in Tuyen Quang city are theoretically well-explained; however, they find the implementation to be challenging and complex, with 71.7% of citizens and 70% of officials sharing this view Despite these challenges, only a small fraction of respondents, 2.5% of citizens and 10% of officials, believe that the procedures should be fundamentally restructured.
While the procedures are theoretically straightforward for citizens and civil servants, their application in Tuyen Quang city has led to significant implementation challenges These difficulties are likely attributed to inconsistent and non-uniform coordination among various branches and levels within the city's Bureau of Public Investment (BPI) This issue will be further elaborated in the following section of the dissertation.
2.5.3 Assessment of the existing difficulties and investigate the reasons:
To find out information about this issue, the authors synthesize the results of question 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 in survey 1 and questions 4, 5, 6 in survey 2.
2.5.3.1 Preparation and assessment of application:
Citizens face significant challenges throughout the entire procedure, particularly during the preparation of their BP applications at the commune level and the subsequent assessment by civil servants across various branches, with 32.8% and 43.4% expressing difficulties, respectively Additionally, a substantial 86.7% of officials acknowledge the challenges in guiding citizens to meet the application requirements set by the city's planning, while 13.3% report having no such difficulties Another notable issue is the lack of coordination among different levels in the assessment of BP applications.
A recent study analyzed the results of question 6 from survey 1, revealing that 64.1% of citizens lack a clear understanding of the procedures and planning programs Additionally, 18.2% attributed the issue to inconsistent coordination among public servants at the commune, ward, and People's Committee levels.
In summary, the primary challenge faced by civil servants and citizens in preparing and assessing applications stems from inadequate information regarding the conditions for issuing Building Permits (BP) Furthermore, this information is often inconsistent across various branches and levels of government Additionally, citizens lack access to the necessary information to independently evaluate the Building Permit Issuance (BPI) conditions for their construction projects.
When assessing the information which citizens need to know (question
A recent survey revealed that all residents (100%) are eager to be informed about the precise timing of receiving their building permits (BP) This highlights the importance of transparency in the planning, construction conditions, and documentation procedures involved in the process.
A significant 93.3%, 90%, and 86.7% of officials are aware of various aspects of planning and construction conditions However, 46.7% of them remain uninformed about these critical details, despite 53.3% indicating that such information is available through the ODCAM division.
The data collected indicates that the BPI division lacks a reliable source of essential information related to BPI procedures The current system is ineffective and has failed to effectively reach citizens.
In the final step of obtaining BP, only 12.1% of citizens reported receiving it on time, while 33.3% and 29.8% believed they experienced delays of a few days or much longer than state regulations allow (question 9, survey No 1) Additionally, 11.1% of residents indicated that they were not kept informed about the progress of their applications.
38 documents considered and 88.9% of them alleged that they would receive answers if they made a direct contact with handling civil servants.
It can be considered that this is the greatest concern of citizens because