08-NQ/TW dated January 16, 2017 of the Politburo on "Developing tourism into a key economic sector" clearly defines the viewpoint: "Sustainable tourism development; to preserve and promo
Trang 1
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING, MINISTRY OF HOME
AFFAIRS
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
DAO THI LOAN
STATE MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL TOURISM
IN THE NORTHEAST OF OUR COUNTRY
Major: Public Administration Item No.: 9 34 04 03
SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS
HANOI, 2024
Trang 2The project was completed at
National Academy of Public Administration
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUCTOR:
1 Assoc Prof TS Nguyen An Thinh
2 TS Trinh Thanh Ha
Critique 1:
……… ………
Critique 2:
………
Critique 3:
………
The thesis will be defended before the Academy-level Thesis Evaluation Council Venue: Doctoral Thesis Defense Room – Meeting Room House National Academy of Public Administration, No 77, Nguyen Chi Thanh Street,
Dong Da District, Hanoi City
When: in hours day month year
The thesis can be found at the National Library of Vietnam
Or the Library of the National Academy of Public Administration
Trang 3PREFACE
1 Reasons for choosing a topic
Cultural tourism is an increasingly dominant type in the structure of the tourism industry Cultural tourism helps promote the image of Vietnam with traditional cultural values forged from thousands of years of building and preserving the nation, cultural tourism also contributes to improving the position of dynamic and friendly Vietnamese people, rich in patriotism and the spirit of national pride, contributing
to bringing Vietnamese culture closer to cultures around the world in the process of deep, broad and comprehensive international integration in all aspects as it is today Our Party and State always pay special attention to the development of cultural tourism, Resolution No 08-NQ/TW dated January 16, 2017 of the Politburo on
"Developing tourism into a key economic sector" clearly defines the viewpoint:
"Sustainable tourism development; to preserve and promote the cultural heritage and
fine traditional values of the nation;[3]
The Prime Minister has issued Decision No 147/QD-TTg dated January 22, 2020 approving Vietnam's tourism development strategy to 2030, with the viewpoint:
"Attaching importance to the development of cultural tourism, associating tourism development with the preservation and promotion of heritage values and national cultural identity" and goals by 2030: "Tourism is really a key economic sector and sustainable development Vietnam has become a particularly attractive destination,
in the group of 30 countries with the world's leading tourism competitiveness, fu lly meeting the requirements and goals of sustainable development" [69]
Stemming from the above reasons, the author chose the topic "State
management of cultural tourism in the Northeast of our country" as his doctoral
thesis
2 Objectives and tasks of the study
2.1 Purpose of the study:
The thesis researches the theory and practice of state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast region of our country, thereby proposing a number of solutions
to improve the state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast region of Vietnam
2.2 Research Tasks:
To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the project performs the following specific tasks:
- Overview of research related to state management of cultural tourism
- To study and synthesize viewpoints, orientations and development trends and propose a number of solutions to improve the state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast region of our country in the coming time
3 Subjects and scope of research
3.1 Subjects of study:
The research object of the thesis is the state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast region of our country
3.2 Scope of study:
Trang 4- Regarding space: The Northeast region of Vietnam includes 09 provinces: Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Cao Bang, Bac Can, Thai Nguyen, Phu Tho, Bac Giang, Lang Son, Quang Ninh
- Regarding time: The thesis studies the current state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast region from 2018 to 2023 (the time when the 2017 Tourism Law takes effect and also the first year of implementation of Resolution 08-NQ/TW dated January 16, 2017 of the Politburo on developing tourism into a key economic sector and Resolution No 103/NQ-CP dated 06/10/2017 of the Government promulgating the Government's action program to implement Resolution No 08-NQ/TW dated 16/01/2017 of the Politburo
- Content: The thesis focuses on researching issues related to the state management
of cultural tourism in the Northeast of our country
4 Methodology and research methods
4.1 Methodology
The research thesis is based on the methodology of dialectical materialism, historical materialism of Marxism-Leninism; Ho Chi Minh Thought; the Party's views and guidelines and the State's policies and laws on tourism in general and cultural tourism in
particular
4.2 Research methods
The thesis is researched on the basis of a combination of using a number of specific research methods as follows:
4.2.1 Secondary document analysis methods
4.2.2 Sociological survey methods
In order to achieve the set research objectives and tasks, the thesis needs to solve
a number of main research questions as follows:
- On what scientific basis is the state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast of our country implemented?
- How is the state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast of our country currently implemented?
- In order to improve the state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast of our country in the coming time, what basic solutions need to be implemented?
5.2 Research hypothesis
- Cultural tourism plays an important role, affecting all aspects of the
socio-economic life of the country's regions The effective state management of cultural tourism not only meets the needs of domestic and foreign tourists but also contributes
to arousing the cultural potential and regional identity and promoting the sustainable development of the smokeless industry
Trang 5- The Northeast region of Vietnam has many favorable conditions in terms of
mechanisms, policies and resources, for the development of cultural tourism
- The current state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast Region,
besides some achieved results, still has many inadequacies and limitations
6 New contributions of the thesis
Firstly, the thesis is a specific and in-depth research on the theoretical and practical
system of state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast of our country
Secondly, the thesis systematizes and clarifies a number of theoretical issues of
state management of cultural tourism in general, thereby applying it in the state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast region of our country
Thirdly, the concept of state management of cultural tourism and the characteristics of
this activity that have not been mentioned or have been mentioned in previous studies but still need to be developed and supplemented
Fourthly, the thesis has focused on analyzing and evaluating the current situation of
state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast region and clarifying the causes
of limitations in the state management of cultural tourism in this region
Fifth, the thesis researches and synthesizes a number of views, orientations and
development trends of cultural tourism in the coming time and proposes solutions to improve the state management of cultural tourism in localities in the Northeast of our country in the direction of combining innovation in state management with mobilization of active participation of businesses and residential communities for the development of cultural tourism
7 Significance of the thesis
- The thesis contributes to supplementing a number of theoretical issues of state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast of our country
- The research results of the thesis can be used as a reference for managers and state management agencies in cultural tourism as well as have reference value in studying, researching and teaching cultural tourism and state management of cultural tourism
- The thesis has practical significance in planning, supplementing and perfecting policies and laws related to research issues
8 Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion and references, the content of the thesis
is structured into 04 chapters, specifically as follows:
Chapter 1: Overview of research related to the thesis topic
Chapter 2: Scientific basis for state management of cultural tourism
Chapter 3: The current situation of state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast region of our country
Chapter 4: Perspectives and solutions to improve the state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast region of our country
Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO
THE THESIS TOPIC 1.1 Research works related to the thesis topic
Trang 61.1.1 Group of research works on tourism development
1.1.1.1 Foreign research works
- Jafar Jafari (2000), Encyclopedia of Tourism, roughly translated as "Encyclopedia
of Tourism" This is a valuable work compiled by scientists and researchers in tourism [95]
- Raoul V Bianchi (2003), Place and power in tourism development: Tracing the
complex articulation of community and locality [101]
- Himani Kaul, Shivangi Gupta (2009), Sustainable Tourism in India The article
provides a comprehensive view of the different aspects of sustainable tourism [97]
- Fatmagul Cetinel and Medet Yolal (2009), Public Policy and Sustainable Tourism
in Turkey This article focuses on analyzing the government's policies on sustainable
tourism, discussing the Government's future plans and projects in Turkey [107]
1.1.1.2 Domestic research works
- Pham Trung Luong, Dang Duy Loi, Vu Tuan Canh, Nguyen Van Binh, Nguyen
Ngoc Khan (2000), Natural Resources and Tourism Environment of Vietnam,
Educational Publishing House The authors said that tourism is a distinctly oriented economic sector [40]
resource Trinh Quang Hao (2004), Scientific basis for policies and solutions for the
management and exploitation of Vietnam's tourism resources, a state-level scientific
topic The project has systematized the general theoretical issues of tourism resources, management and exploitation of tourism resources [19]
- Tran Van Thong (2006), Tourism Overview, Vietnam National University
Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City This is a textbook that systematically addresses the basic issues of tourism [59]
- Nguyen Van Manh (2007) "For Vietnam's tourism to develop quickly and
sustainably after joining the WTO", Journal of Economics and Development, No 115
The article has shown that the current tourism resources in our country have not been statistical, classified and ranked to be exploited effectively and sustainably [43]
- Tran Son Hai (2011), Development of tourism human resources in the South
Central Coast and Central Highlands, Doctoral Thesis in Public Administration
Management, National Academy of Public Administration, Hanoi The author of the thesis has studied the basic issues of tourism human resources, human resource development and developed a theoretical framework on the efficiency of using tourism human resources [21]
- Nguyen Pham Hung (2017), Culture and Tourism, Hanoi National University Publishing House The book is the first systematic and extensive study of tourism
culture in Vietnam, providing basic knowledge about culture, types of culture, different aspects of tourism culture, different fields of cultural tourism, etc [29]
- Do Thi Thanh Hoa (2017), State management of tourism labor movement in the
process of ASEAN community integration, ministerial-level topics [22]
- Tran Thi Xuan Mai (2019), State management of tourism in the Mekong Delta, Ph.D thesis, majoring in Public Management, National Academy of Public Administration [45]
Trang 71.1.2 Group of research works on cultural tourism
1.1.2.1 Overseas research works
- Arthur Pederson (2002), Managing Tourims at World Heritage Sites [92]
- Marianne Lehtimaki (2008), Cultural Heritage and Tourism: Potential, Impact,
Partnership and Governance [98]
- Greg Richards and Wil Munsters (2010) "Cultual tourism research methods"
[94]
- Bob and Hilary (2012)"Cultural tourism the partnership between tourism and
cultural heritage management" This book examines the relationship between tourism
and cultural heritage management [93]
- Milanie Kay Smith and Mike Robinson (2006) "Cultural tourism in a changing world
" [99]
1.1.2.2 Domestic works
- Hoang Thi Diep (2011), "Research and development of cultural tourism product
system in Vietnam's world cultural heritage sites", [16]
- Nguyen Pham Hung (2013), "Research and Development of Cultural Tourism in the
Red River Delta", Group A Key Scientific Project, Hanoi National University [28]
- Truong Quang Dung, (2014) "The problem of developing high-quality cultural
tourism", Scientific Journal of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education [13]
- Tran Thuy Anh (2016), "Cultural tourism – theoretical and professional issues",
Vietnam Education Publishing House With the layout of 03 chapters: chapter 1: Basic concepts; Chapter 2: Cultural tourism skills and operations; Chapter 3: Skills and operations of cultural tourism in the direction of sustainable development The book has provided a relatively complete range of basic issues in teaching and researching cultural tourism [2]
- Dao Minh Ngoc (2017), "Cultural tourism development in Vietnam ensures
sustainable development goals", Journal of Socio-Economic Information and
Forecasting, No 8, 2017 [46]
- Dao Minh Ngoc (2018), "The influence of national cultural distance on international
tourists' assessment of the attractiveness of cultural tourism resources: A study in Vietnam", Ph.D thesis in economics, National Economics University [47]
- Nguyen Truong Tan (2018), "Handbook of Vietnamese Spiritual and Cultural
Tourism", Thanh Nien Publishing House The book provides important information
about the addresses to visit, selected and drawn from historical sources and spiritual and cultural tourism addresses spread throughout Vietnam [54]
- Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai, Do Thi Phuong, Vu Thu Thao (2020), "Development of
cultural tourism in Tuyen Quang province", Proceedings of the International
Conference, Tan Thao University [44]
- Le Thi Thanh Huyen (2021), "Cultural heritage tourism business in Vietnam" PhD
thesis in Economics, Academy of Social Sciences [33]
- Nguyen Duc Thang (2022), "The Role of Cultural Tourism in the Development of
Cultural Industry in Vietnam", Culture and Art Magazine [62]
1.1.3 Group of research works on state management of cultural tourism
Trang 81.1.3.1 Overseas research works
- UNESCO (2006), "Tourism, Culture and Sustainable Development: Current
Policy Research on Cultural Tourism in the Baltic region" [105]
- Jessica Chen (2008), "Research on Korean government and cultural tourism",
Wenzao Ursuline Language College [106]
- Hamimi Omar (2013), "The development of sustainable cultural heritage tourism
in Malaysia: Implications for planning and management", Newcastle University It
translates to "The Development of Sustainable Cultural Heritage Tourism in Malaysia: Implications for Planning and Management" [96]
1.1.3.2 Domestic research works
- Le Hong Ly (2011), Textbook "Cultural heritage management associated with
tourism development", Vietnam National University of Hanoi Publishing House
[42]
- National Academy of Public Administration (2015), Proceedings of the
Workshop on "State management of cultural heritage and image of tourist
destinations in the central provinces" The workshop held on May 31, 2025 in Hue
city has attracted many scientists to participate in writing papers [25]
- Dac Linh (2018), "Sustainable tourism development associated with conservation
and promotion of heritage values", Nhan Dan Newspaper, April 2018 [37]
- Nguyen Phuc Luu (2021), "Developing cultural heritage tourism in a sustainable
direction: international experiences and implications for Vietnam", PhD thesis in
international economics, Vietnam National University, Hanoi [41]
- Pham Thi Thu Cuc (2023) "Promoting the development of cultural tourism – one
of the important cultural industries of Hanoi capital", Communist Magazine, July, 2023
[12]
1.2 Evaluation of the reviewed studies and research orientation of the thesis topic
1.2.1 Overall assessment of the research situation related to the thesis topic
Firstly, it raises general theoretical issues about tourism, cultural tourism, and
cultural tourism management from many different approaches
Secondly, the research works have made many meaningful theoretical contributions,
providing a relatively complete theoretical system of state management on cultural tourism
Thirdly, to study theoretical and practical issues on policies, methods and
experiences of tourism development associated with the preservation and promotion of cultural values
Fourthly, a number of works have also analyzed and clarified the practice of cultural
tourism development in some localities and regions
Fifth, many research works have proposed a number of solutions to promote the
development of cultural tourism; improve the efficiency of state management of cultural tourism from different perspectives
1.2.2 Issues that need to be further studied
Trang 9Firstly, the number of works on cultural tourism, the relationship between tourism
development and cultural preservation is quite large, but the works that mention the state management of cultural tourism are still modest
Secondly, the Northeast region of our country is an area with rich cultural tourism
resources and at the same time has many favorable conditions in terms of geographical location, technical facilities, and human resources for the development of cultural tourism
Thirdly, up to now, there has been no comprehensive, systematic research on both
theoretical and practical aspects of the state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast region of Vietnam
Fourthly, the works have not clearly reflected the current situation of cultural
tourism development as well as the current state management of cultural tourism in the Northeast region of our country
1.2.3 Research orientation of the thesis
Firstly, systematize the theoretical basis of cultural tourism in the following aspects: Secondly, to assess the current situation of state management on cultural tourism in
the Eastern region
Thirdly, proposing a number of solutions to improve the state management of
cultural tourism in the Northeast of our country
Chapter 2 SCIENTIFIC ESTABLISHMENTS FOR THE STATE
MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL TOURISM 2.1 Some general issues about cultural tourism
2.1.1 Some related concepts
2.1.1.1 Tourism concept
"Tourism is the activity of people moving from their place of residence to a certain place regularly to meet the needs of resorting, visiting, exploring, experiencing, and improving their understanding of all aspects of social life."
2.1.1.2 Concept of cultural tourism
From the above analysis, the author of the thesis gives the definition of "cultural
tourism" as follows: Cultural tourism is a type of tourism developed on the basis of
exploiting cultural values to meet the needs of exploration and learning of tourists in order to bring economic benefits and at the same time contribute to preserving and promoting cultural values traditional, ensuring sustainable development.According to
this approach, culture is considered a condition and material for tourism development and tourism is the driving force and environment for preserving and promoting cultural values
2.1.1.3 Concept of cultural tourism resources
Cultural tourism resources here are understood as all tangible and intangible cultural values that have the ability and conditions to form cultural tourism products, meet the needs of tourists, are the basic factors for the formation of tourist attractions, tourist routes, etc tourist areas, cultural tourism resources owned by the State, organizations
Trang 10or individuals Cultural tourism resources have characteristics such as: diverse; easy to change; existence depends on people; The process of formation and development follows the law of social development
2.1.2 Characteristics of cultural tourism
Firstly, cultural tourism develops based on the exploitation of traditional cultural values
Secondly, cultural tourism is related to many different industries and fields in economic life
socio-Third, inter-regional cultural tourism
Culture is formed from the process of human labor and production in residential communities in each region, so cultural tourism is clearly interregional
Fourth, cultural tourism is affected by natural and social factors
Cultural tourism, like other types of tourism in general, is affected by natural and social factors
2.1.3 The role of cultural tourism in socio-economic development
2.1.3.1 For economic development
The tourism industry contributes a significant part of the gross national economic product in many countries Special; Currently, the tourism industry is considered as one of the three key economic sectors; to focus on investment; constantly developing and making positive contributions to the national economy
2.1.3.2 For social development
The exploitation and development of cultural tourism brings many social benefits
to the country and to each locality The development of cultural tourism contributes to gradually creating jobs for workers, adjusting the division of labor in society, gradually improving the quality of life of people and contributing to minimizing the disparity in development levels between regions, regions and localities throughout the country
2.1.3.3 Cultural tourism contributes to the preservation and promotion of cultural values
One of the important goals of cultural tourism is to contribute to preserving and promoting the values of national culture This is one of the best ways to promote Vietnamese cultural values in the process of integration and globalization, and is a method of preserving cultural heritage associated with socio-economic development
2.2 State management of cultural tourism
2.2.1 Concept
The state management of cultural tourism is understood as the impact of the State's power on the cultural tourism industry in order to create unity in the organization and activities of cultural tourism, ensure the development of cultural tourism, contribute to promoting the economy in association with the conservation of cultural tourism resources, maintain and develop culture, protect the legitimate rights and interests of tourists, organizations and individuals engaged in tourism business, and encourage all economic sectors to participate in the development of cultural tourism
2.2.2 Subjects and subjects of state management of cultural tourism
2.2.2.1 Subject
Trang 11Subject of state management of cultural tourism: The Government is the highest State administrative agency, the Government shall uniformly manage the state of the country's fields of operation, including cultural tourism The Government shall decentralize the state management of cultural tourism according to its competence: central, provincial, district and commune levels
Central level: The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism is an agency attached to the Government, performing the function of state management in the fields of culture, family, physical training, sports and tourism nationwide
2.2.2.2 Subjects
The object of state management of cultural tourism is cultural tourism activities Individuals, relevant units and activities organizing the implementation of cultural tourism are all subject to state management of cultural tourism
2.2.2 Role of state management of cultural tourism
First, orient the development of cultural tourism with strategies, programs, plans
and policies on the basis of complying with the objective laws of the market and the principles in preserving and promoting traditional cultural values
Second, the state creates a legal environment, mechanisms, policies and
mobilizes resources to promote the development of cultural tourism
Third, the state management of cultural tourism contributes to the orientation of
preserving and promoting the traditional cultural values of the nation In the context of globalization and the current strong trend of integration, Vietnam has the conditions to expand and exchange with many cultures around the world
Fourth, the state management of cultural tourism contributes to promoting the
overall development of the tourism industry Tourism is a general economic sector, a constituent part of the national economy
2.2.3 Contents of state management of cultural tourism
2.2.3.1 Formulation and implementation of strategies, plannings and plans on development of cultural tourism
Developing and implementing strategies, plannings and plans for the development
of cultural tourism is one of the prerequisite contents and the foundation for determining the development of cultural tourism
Secondly, the cultural tourism development strategy must be suitable for each period
and ensure sustainable development goals Sustainable development of cultural tourism development is the guiding viewpoint of our Party and State because tangible and intangible cultural values, if not properly exploited, used and preserved, will disappear
or even disappear completely cannot be recovered
Thirdly, the local cultural tourism development strategy must be associated with the
general development strategy of the tourism industry as well as the national cultural tourism development strategy The goal of cultural tourism development is to develop into
a spearhead economic sector, sustainable tourism associated with the preservation and promotion of traditional cultural values
2.2.3.2 Formulating and implementing a system of legal documents and policies on cultural tourism development
Trang 12In order to manage tourism in general and cultural tourism in particular, the state needs
to have a system of legal documents to serve as a legal basis and management tool
The organization of research and promulgation of legal documents should ensure accuracy, completeness and timeliness To well implement the contents of elaborating and perfecting the system of legal documents on cultural tourism as a basis for promulgating and organizing the implementation of strategies, plannings and plans on cultural tourism development, which is a condition for managing cultural tourism by law and according to law
2.2.3.3 Organization of the state management apparatus of cultural tourism
The State shall organize the state management apparatus of cultural tourism from the central to local levels, prescribe specific functions and tasks of state management agencies and develop a mechanism for coordinating the activities of the whole system to ensure unity in direction and to manage cultural tourism according to the set objectives
2.2.3.4 Building and developing a contingent of cadres and civil servants in charge
of the state management of cultural tourism
In state management activities, in the end, institutions and policies are implemented
in practice through the performance of official duties of cadres and civil servants, and the state management apparatus from central to local levels is also operated by civil servants Therefore, building and developing a contingent of cadres and civil servants
in charge of the state management of cultural tourism is an important content, directly affecting the effectiveness and efficiency of the state management of cultural tourism
2.2.3.5 Management and use of material resources to improve the efficiency of state management of cultural tourism
Institutions on budget investment, mobilization, management and use of the budget, construction of infrastructure systems for the development of cultural tourism require the identification of resources to be mobilized and can be mobilized, clearly define objectives and requirements related to the development of cultural tourism; determine the optimal operating mechanism in the practice of state management of cultural tourism;
2.2.3.6 International cooperation in the development of cultural tourism, promotion and promotion of cultural tourism activities at home and abroad
In the context of many rapid and complicated changes in the world, expanding relations, absorbing experiences, seeking partners, enlisting the support of advanced countries and international organizations is a major trend of the modern world, strongly impacting international relations and the life of each country
2.2.3.7 Research and application of science and technology to manage cultural tourism
In today's era, science and technology play a particularly important role, participating in all stages of the production process, having a direct and great influence
on all aspects of the socio-economic life of each country For the tourism industry in general and cultural tourism in particular, the progress of science and technology has created clear changes, important changes in the organization, management and
Trang 13operation of activities: applying science and technology to manage and update information, etc promoting the image, promoting tourism, creating global tourism connections
2.2.3.8 To inspect, examine and handle violations of the law on cultural tourism development
Inspection is a category that refers to the operation of the state inspection agency system, including administrative inspection activities and specialized inspections Inspection is understood as the regular activities of superior state agencies with subordinate state agencies in order to consider and evaluate all aspects of subordinate activities, functional inspections and internal inspections
2.3 Factors affecting the state management of cultural tourism
2.3.1 Factors of cultural tourism development policies
The policy of cultural tourism development is the most important factor that has a great influence on the development of the cultural tourism industry In order to develop cultural tourism, it is necessary to have a correct and appropriate tourism development orientation
2.3.2 Institutional factors
The institutional system is the legal basis and premise for the management and administration activities of the state administrative apparatus, mainly focusing on 2
groups: First, the system of regulations on the organization and operation of state
administrative agencies, mainly determining the legal status, functions, competence and responsibilities of state administrative management subjects
2.3.3 Factors of natural and cultural conditions
Each industry and field will have certain conditions for development For the tourism industry in general, cultural tourism in particular, natural and cultural conditions are the basic premise for the development of the industry The peculiarity
of the industry is to create cultural tourism products to serve the needs of exploration and experience of tourists, so each locality that wants to develop cultural tourism needs to effectively exploit the advantages of geographical location, advantages of cultural resources (relics, traditional festivals, customs and customs of local people, ) to build appropriate cultural tourism products
2.3.4 Elements belonging to state management agencies
2.3.4.1 Organization of the state management apparatus of cultural tourism
The organization of the apparatus is an important factor affecting the implementation of policies and laws on cultural tourism Accordingly, the state management of cultural tourism requires competent entities to pay attention to building the organizational apparatus
2.3.4.2 Quality of cadres and civil servants in charge of state management of cultural tourism
The contingent of cadres and civil servants in charge of the state management of cultural tourism plays a key role in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the state management of cultural tourism This contingent includes cadres and civil servants in competent state administrative agencies assigned to perform the state
Trang 14management of cultural tourism in central agencies and People's Committees at all levels,
2.3.4.3 Resources and material foundations to ensure the state management of cultural tourism
- Working office: The working office is the place where activities of competent agencies and organizations, cadres and civil servants take place in the course of performing official duties
- Material, scientific and technical equipment: In order to perform their tasks, subjects competent to perform the state management of cultural tourism need to be equipped with material foundations and scientific and technical equipment
- Finance: Financial resources for organizing the implementation of the state management of cultural tourism are very diverse, including state budget sources, financial sources from socialization mobilization, financial sources from lawful revenues through cultural tourism activities and other funding sources
2.3.5 Coordination and participation of agencies, organizations and individuals related to the state management of cultural tourism
2.3.5.1 Coordination of competent agencies
As analyzed, cultural tourism is an integrated economic sector related to many different industries and fields in society The state management of cultural tourism is also influenced and dominated by many different agencies and units in the state administrative apparatus
2.3.5.2 Participation of cultural tourism businesses and travel agencies
Tourism businesses and travel agencies are the subjects of compliance with the provisions of the law as well as the beneficiaries of policies in the development of cultural tourism, so the activities of businesses and travel agencies have a direct impact
on the effectiveness and efficiency of state management
2.3.5.3 Participation and support of local people
Cultural tourism is associated with the community, directly associated with the life and customs of local people, therefore, the participation and support of the people plays
a very important role and is the core in the development of cultural tourism products
in the locality
2.4 Experience in state management of cultural tourism
2.4.1 Experience in state management of cultural tourism in some countries around the world
2.4.1.1 China's Experience [115,116]
In order to promote and preserve cultural heritage in tourism development, China has developed an overall program covering the following basic issues:
Firstly, China is constantly improving the supply system and improving the quality
of the cultural heritage tourism industry
Secondly, China focuses on diversification, creating cultural heritage tourism
products with Chinese characteristics
Thirdly, applying modern technology to exploit and preserve cultural heritage to
develop tourism