Русские Компаративные Фразеологизмы Со Словом “Как” В Сопоставлении С Вьетнамскими Эквивалентами Со Словом “như” С Точки Зрения Лингвокультурологии ( ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ)

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Fleischer, B H Tesma

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(Œpa3©OJIOTHu€CKHC €/INHHHBI 3biKA MOXKHO K/IACCHjHHHDpOBATb HO

“BO3pacTy” [leppoHayasibHbIM CMBICI MHOTHX VCTOĂHHBBIX ÕODOTOB CB3AH C

HCTODH©CĂ CTpAHbI, C€ OỐbIda#MH Ip€TKOB, wx paØoToli B CB13H Cc 9THM HWHT€D€CHO 3aTIIHVTb B “ỐHOTpAQHIO”ổ Toro WIM HHOITO (}pA3€OJIOTH3MA, HM3VHHTb ero “DO/IOCJIOBHVIO” CC 3TOl HO3HHHWH (ÙDA3€OJIOTH3MBI HIHBJICKAT€JIbHbI H€ TOJIbKO 7711 JIHNHTBHCTOB, HO H 711 HCTODHKOB, 2THOTPpA(OB, IpDABOB€/IOB

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1.2 Pycckne KOMIADATHBHBI€ (DA3€0/10TH3MBI

1.2.1 Bonpoc 0 KaTeT0DHH CDABHCHHS B JIHHTFBHCTHH€CKỌÍ JIHT€DATVD€

CpaBH€HWC — caMbIi /ID€BHHÍ BH/ HHT€JLICKTY8JIbHOÌI /I€ST€JIbHOCTH,

IP€HII€CTBVIOIIHÌ CH€TY, “HAHƠOJI€€ ecTeCTBeHHbI UW /Ip€BHHÌÏ” CHOCOỐ BbIDA?K€HH1, BO3HHKIIHÌÍ BM€CT€ C 3bIKOM KaK O/IHO H3 BA?KH€ÏÌÍIIHX IIDOSB/I€HHÌÍ

ero BBIDA43HT€JIbHBIX BO3MO?KHOCT€I ỈM€HHO BeCb XỈX B€K B MHDOBOH

JIHHTBHCTHK€ IIDOHIỂJI HO/I 2THHIỌ HCTODHKO-CPABHHT€JIbHOIM IlapanHTMBI

JIOCTM3K€HH1 UH OIBIT H B HACTOAINCe BPCMA OKđ3BIBAIOT ỐOJIBIIO€ BJIHIHH€G Ha JINHTBHCTHKOB

CpaBH€HH€ OIID€JI€/II€TCI Kak “NOHATHA paBeHCTBa — HepaBeHCTBa, ỐOJIbII€l HMJIH M€HPII€Ì CTCICHH KAH€CTBA, HAXOJHHIIH€C BBIDA3K€HHC KAK B

TpAMMaATHu€CKOl KaT€TODHH CT€IICH€I CDABH€HM1 IIDH/IATaAT€JIbHbIX W Hap€WHH, TâK

H B JIeKcHKe w pa3eoiorww” [O.C AxManHoBa, 1977, c 449]

B ne7IOM paccMOTpeHve CpaBHeHHA CBOAMTCA K TpéM aciieKTaM — He TOJIbKO THOC€O/IOTHH€CKOMY (KAK IDHỀMA H/IH HDOICCA IO3HAHH1), HO H JIOTHH€CKOMYV (Kak JIOFHH€CKOl MO/I€JIH IIOCTDO€HH4 3bIKOBbIX CTDVKTYP) H JIMHTBUCTHYeCCKOMY (KaK S3bIKOBOH CTDYKTYPBI), H€JIYCMATDHBAIOIICMY BOILIOIICHH€ JIOTHd€CKOH MOJI€JIH CDABH€HH1 B IIHDOKOM CII€KTP€ #3bIKOBBIX CD€/ICTB

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Cepbo, JI TeHbep, B B TowaIieBcKnli, M B XIeðHnKoBa, M W epeMncwHa)

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TOUKH 3peHHa (B B Bunorpayos), BbIeIAIOTCA CHCTEMbI MHKpOTIOJICH D€AJIbHOlÍ

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ITO CDABHHBA€TCH (CDABHHBA€MOC, TCMA, HD€CIM€T, CYỐBb€KT); TO, C 4eM

CpAaBHHBAe€TC1 (ÕP43, OIIODA, OỐb€KT); TO, HA OCHOB€ H€TO IDOHCXO/IMT CDABH€HH€ (IpH3HAK, MOJIY.JIb, OCHOBAHH€, IOCD€/ICTBYEOIHIHH WJI€H)

KaT€TOpH4 CDABH€HHM1 HAXO/IHTC1 B TÊCHOM B3AHMO/I€ClCTBHH CO CM€?KHbIMH KaT€TODHSMH OIICHOHHOCTH, 3MOLHIMHOH8:IbHOCTH, 3KCIID€CCHBHOCTH H HHT€HCHBHOCTH, TO KOTOpOH HAMH HOHHMA€TCT “CBOlCTBO C/IOBA HJIH (pa3€OJIOTH3MA VCHJIHBATb IIDH3HAKH ÕỐO3HAaWA€MBIX HMH OObeKTOB” [A B KyHmHn, I986, c 2lI] lĨpw 3roM IO/IH€DKHỂM, HTO 2T KAT€TODHI MO?K€T HM€Tb TpaYHpOBaHHhIlf xapakTrep |2 Cennmp, 1993, c 45]

Kateropua CpaBH€HH1, Õa3WDYVSCb Hã TJIÕAJIbHbIX OTHOIICHHäX CXOJICTBA H D43/IHHH1, BbIIBHHYTBIX B paMKaX Ka3aHCKỌ JIHHTBHCTHM€CKỌl IIKO/IBbI H €, Je COCCEODOM, OTIHHA€TCH MKOCTBI BK/IAIbIBA€MOTO B H€Ể COJI€P?KAHHH,

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pellepTyap COOTB€TCTBVIOIIX 3HaqeHHH w IO3HadueHHli (H A Illnpokopa, M H Yepemucuna, A VU CMwnpHwIiKnli, L' L' [loqennos, B A Wneswmm)

B padote, HOCBAIIIỂHHOI THIAM CHHTAKCHUCCKHX KOHCTDYKHHH” CO CDABHHT€JIbBHbBIM COIO3OM B COCTAB€ IpOCToTO npe/1oKeHHx, H, A LIlläipokoBa €JIHT 3TH KOHCTDYKIHH Hã ÕPA3HbI€ H CDABHHT€JIbHO-COIIOCTABHT€JIbHBI€ TaKOlÍ IIOIXO/I K BHIAM CDABHCHH1 OKđ34/IC1 /IOCTATOHHO IIJIO/IOTBODHBIM — CJIO?KH.JIACb TpannHnna WuddepeHuMpoBaTbh CDABH€HH€—TO?KI€CTBO (IID€JIM€THO-/IOTHH€CKO€) H CpaBH€HWe€-yIO/7ÒeHWe (oØpa3Hoe cpaBHeHwe) [|B M Oronbpnep, I978; JI A JleØenena, 1999]

CTenwdwKa đBYX THIOB CDABHHT€/IbHBIX KOHCTDYKHHÍ 3aKJIOHA€TCS B TOM, YTO ID€/IM€THO-JIOTHWu€CKH€ ÕODOTBI CHIOCOỐCTBVIOT ÕOJI€€ IOJIHOMY DACKDBITHIO MBICIH 3A4 CHẾT YCTAHOBJICHHA COOTBETCTBHA B KAKOM-JIHỐO OTHOIICHHH, a OOpa3Hble OOOPOTHI HM€IOT II€JIbO M€TaA(ÙODpHW€CKYIO XâaDAKT€DHCTHKY KaKOTO-/IHÕO !/I€HA ID€/UIO?K€HH4 (dAII€ BC€TO HO/JUI€?KAII€TO) HJIH YCHJICHH€ IIDHJIATAT€JIbHOTO H HAD©HH1, OT KOTODOTO 3aBHCHT Becb OOopoT ÏHBIMH CJIOBAMH, B IID€IM€THO- JIOTHH€CKOM CpABHCHHH CXO/ICTBO BBIDA?KA©€TC1, B OỐPA3HOM CDABH€CHHH CXO/ICTBO H3OỐØpa?Xae€Tca

A 4TO KACA€TCW CTDYKTYDBI CDABHHT€JIbHOI CHTYVAHMH, e€ OCHOBHbIX

KOMIIOH€HTOB HM IlyTeH UX D€đ1IH3AHWH B #13BIK€, TO VHỂHBI€, € O/IHOI CTODOHBI,

ID€JI1ATAIOT TDỂX23/IVM€HTHVIO CTDYKTYDY 2THX OTHOII€HHH, a € IPYTOH — roBopaT O H€TBIDỂX KOMIOH€HTâX

IlpencTraBHTe€/IH IIepBoli Touku 3peHua [M HW Yepemucuna, 1976, B M

Oronpues, 1978, JI A JleØenepa, 1999| vyKa3BBAIOT Ha TPH OCHOBHBIX

KOMIIOHCHTA, aBat UM pa3Hblie HAHMGHOBAHHI ÏlÏ€DpBHÌ KOMIMOHCHT KB8/IHHMIIHpY€TC1 KaK CVỐb€K? CDđ6H€H141 (I€T€DMWHHDY€MBII 4JI€H, IO3HTHBHHIH KOMIIOH€HT), TO ©CTb TO, HTO CDABHHBa€TCc1 BTOpOÌÍ KOMMOHEHT MMeHyeTCA Kak Òb@KIH cpaeHeHua (KBAIHÌÙHKATOD, KOMIIADATHBHHI KOMIOH€HT) TpeTHH KOMIOH€HT — 9TO OcHOeaHue cpaenenua, HO M W depeMnCHHOH, MOJV/Tb CpaBHeHHa

C pyro CTOpOHBI, H€KOTODBI€ WCC.JI€IOBaT€.IH, HaIpHMep, B H Tenmx, H

B ApHOIbNI, K TDỀM Ha3BaHHbIM KOMIOHCHTAM CDABHHT€JIbBHOIÏ CHTVAIWH IÕABJIIOT H€TBỂPTH KOMIOHCHT: KOMNapamuU6HoIli Ggopmanm (COKO3H, Ip€/LIOTH, 1a7e?KHbIe (opMmI) [H B ApHosn, 2002, c 117]

VCTOlHHBBIC CpaBHeHHA 3aHHMaIOT YMbI HCCJICIOBATGJI€I TJIYOOKOH

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