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7€HCTBHT€1IbBHOCTH MW IIOJIYHAaIOIHHC KOHKD€THHIH CMBICJI B TCKCTC: NoCMOMpUmM —
Trang 22pyoném nodapum; 2ocnodb He éebldacm, CGMWHbã H€ CbeCm; 3) KDbLIATbBI€ CJIOBA (dpa3eo:IOTHWwecKWe€ BbIpa›KeHna — 1o H, M LIlaHcKOMV) — YCTOÌïHHBBI€ H3p©W©HH1, IOWBHBIIHCCH B A3bIKe H3 OID€HIGJIỂHHOITO JIHT€DATYDHOTO HCTOHHHKA WIM 3AKP€IHBIIH€C1 B YyHOTpeOJIeCHHH BbICKa3bIBAHHA HCTODHI€CKHX /I€ãT€I€l: A Bacoxa cayuaem da ecm (HÌ Kpol1o6); la depeeuio K OedyuKe (A Uexoe); 6) peyepbie IHITAMIBI — (ÙYHKIHOHHDVIOIHHC B p€dH VCTOlHHBbIE (ÙODMVHHI, OƠIA/IAIOIIH€ CTHJIHCTHH€CKOl OKDAIICHHOCTBIO: CUđCffb5l 6 MUYHOU HCUZHU, 6CeZ2O XODO11©2O, đbIHOJIHHWfb 11 H€D€GbDIHO/IHUHbĐ
VKA3aHHBIC H€CBOOO/HBIC COHCTAHHđ CJIOB OT/IHHAIOTCH pyr OT HDVFTA XapakKTepOM C©€MAHTHKH, pac4JICeHéHHbIM/HepacuJIeHeHHbIM ÕỐO3HAH€HHCM I€lCTBHT€JIbHOCTH, HOMHHATHBHOlÍ/KOMMVYHHKATHBHOIW (ÙYHKHHCl, JIeKCHKO- TpAMMATHH€CKHM CTDOCHH€M H CHHTAKCHu€CKOl pO.IbIO OỐb€HHSIOT WX ÕIHIWe KOHCTHTYTHBHBIC IIDH3HAKH: BOCIDOH3BOHIHMOCTb B pe4H UW CeMaHTHKO- CTpyKTypHad VCTOÍHHBOCTb DTH COHCTAHH% VIOTP€ỐJIHEOTCH Kak TOTOBBIE OpMVIIB 43bIKa lllipoKad1 KOHHeIHHA (ÙDpA3€O/IOTH3MA OTDA3KA€TC1 B TDY/AX VÈHbIx-dpa3eo.ioros H M IHanckoro, A B KyHmHa, VW VW epHbimeBoli, P H
Ilonopa
K Qpa3eo/IOTHH B Y3KOM IIOHHMAHHH OTHOCWTC CDAII€HH1 H ©€IHHCTBA, T.€ KJIACC HHHOM Ÿ3KVE) KOHIIEHIMIO (ĐpA3€OJIOTH3MAđ D43/I€JIIOT B HACTOXII€€ BD€MS (dpaseonorn B Il u A B XykopB, B M MokneHKo, A B Hasapan, W,
Fleischer, B H Tesma
1.1.3 K1accntdbnKaHnns (paA3€0./10TH3MOB
(ŒDa3€OJIOTH3MBI DYCCKOTO A3bIKa CHCTCMATH3HDVEOTCH HO pa3JIM4HbIM IMHHHIAM OTH IIDHHHHHBI, KAaK HW CAMA K/IACCHÙHKAIUS, OTPAXKAIOT B OIID€/I€IEHHOM CMBICJIC H€DHOJBI pA3BHTHA (DA3€O/IOTHHCCKHX HCC/I€IOBAHHI B OỐIIM
[lo I1IpowcxoKI€HHKE) “HCKOHHO DYyCCKH€” (ÙpA3€OJIOTH3MBI IDOTHBOCTOST
“HHOCTPAaHHBHM” ÏÏ€ÐpBBI€ DOHMIHCb ỐJ14TO/AD1 TBODW€CTBY DYCCKOTO HADpO/JA,
DYCCKHX IIHCAT€1I€H, BTODBbI€ — 2TO TBOD€HH1 /IDYTHX HApO/IOB, /JIDVTHX JIHT€DATVP
Trang 23WHorna BBII€JIMIIOT TP€TbIO ITDYHHV VCTOÍHHBHBIX BBIDA?KCHHH, HA3blBA1 UX
“HHT€DHAIIHOHAJIbHbIMH” 2TO KPBLUIATbI€ BBbIDA3K€HHH, BO3HHKHIHE Hã OCHOB€ OuOsIeHCKHX ;I€T€HJ H AHTHHHbIX JIHT€DATYD H BOII€/IIH€ B (ÌOH/J MHOTHX A3bIKOB MHPA, COXDAHđđ IIDH 2TOM B /JIOỐBIX A3bIKaX YVCTOlHHBBIl CMbICI, OOpa3 Onn ABJIAFOTCA JLIOCTOAHHEM BC€GTO H€/JIOBCH€CTBA: TâaKOBO, HạIDHM€P, BbIDA?K€HH€ “KđK co6akKa Ha cene ”(ăn thì no, cho thì tiẾc) 8 3HaqeHWHn ““CaM H€ TIOIb3Y€TC1 H TIDYTHM H©€ /IAŸT”, BO3HHKII€C HA OCHOB€ ÕACHH /ID€BH€TD€M€CKOTO ÕaCHOIINCHA 33OHA 3HaTb, TeHHH KAKOITO HApO/A CO3/13I TO HJIH HHOC #DKO€, OỐPA3HO€C, M€TKOC D€€HH€, WHT€D€CHO H BA?KHO, IIOTOMV HTO HHOIJA OT 2TOTO 38BHCHT HOJIHOTA IIOHHMAHH1 BbIDA?K€HH1
(Œpa3©OJIOTHu€CKHC €/INHHHBI 3biKA MOXKHO K/IACCHjHHHDpOBATb HO
“BO3pacTy” [leppoHayasibHbIM CMBICI MHOTHX VCTOĂHHBBIX ÕODOTOB CB3AH C
HCTODH©CĂ CTpAHbI, C€ OỐbIda#MH Ip€TKOB, wx paØoToli B CB13H Cc 9THM HWHT€D€CHO 3aTIIHVTb B “ỐHOTpAQHIO”ổ Toro WIM HHOITO (}pA3€OJIOTH3MA, HM3VHHTb ero
“DO/IOCJIOBHVIO” CC 3TOl HO3HHHWH (ÙDA3€OJIOTH3MBI HIHBJICKAT€JIbHbI H€ TOJIbKO
7711 JIHNHTBHCTOB, HO H 711 HCTODHKOB, 2THOTPpA(OB, IpDABOB€/IOB
MoxHo K/IaccHHIHpOBATb (ÙDA3€OJIOTH3MBI HO CT€I€HH CIIAIHHOCTH COCTABJIIIOIIHX WX KOMIIOH€HTOB CC 3TỌ TOYUKH 3peHHA BCe pa3zeouorM4eckue pecypchl #3biKa DA3/€JIMIEOT Hả H€TBID€ TDYHHBI: (ÙpA3€O/IOTHH€CKH€C CDAII€HH1S (HAWOMBI), (ÙD43€OJIOTHU€CKHC €/IHHCTBA, (DA3©OJIOTHU€CKH€C coueTaHHaA H (pa3©OJIOTHW€CKHW€ BBIDA?K€HHMI
1.2 Pycckne KOMIADATHBHBI€ (DA3€0/10TH3MBI
1.2.1 Bonpoc 0 KaTeT0DHH CDABHCHHS B JIHHTFBHCTHH€CKỌÍ JIHT€DATVD€
CpaBH€HWC — caMbIi /ID€BHHÍ BH/ HHT€JLICKTY8JIbHOÌI /I€ST€JIbHOCTH,
IP€HII€CTBVIOIIHÌ CH€TY, “HAHƠOJI€€ ecTeCTBeHHbI UW /Ip€BHHÌÏ” CHOCOỐ BbIDA?K€HH1, BO3HHKIIHÌÍ BM€CT€ C 3bIKOM KaK O/IHO H3 BA?KH€ÏÌÍIIHX IIDOSB/I€HHÌÍ
ero BBIDA43HT€JIbHBIX BO3MO?KHOCT€I ỈM€HHO BeCb XỈX B€K B MHDOBOH
JIHHTBHCTHK€ IIDOHIỂJI HO/I 2THHIỌ HCTODHKO-CPABHHT€JIbHOIM IlapanHTMBI
Trang 24JIOCTM3K€HH1 UH OIBIT H B HACTOAINCe BPCMA OKđ3BIBAIOT ỐOJIBIIO€ BJIHIHH€G Ha JINHTBHCTHKOB
CpaBH€HH€ OIID€JI€/II€TCI Kak “NOHATHA paBeHCTBa — HepaBeHCTBa, ỐOJIbII€l HMJIH M€HPII€Ì CTCICHH KAH€CTBA, HAXOJHHIIH€C BBIDA3K€HHC KAK B
TpAMMaATHu€CKOl KaT€TODHH CT€IICH€I CDABH€HM1 IIDH/IATaAT€JIbHbIX W Hap€WHH, TâK
H B JIeKcHKe w pa3eoiorww” [O.C AxManHoBa, 1977, c 449]
B ne7IOM paccMOTpeHve CpaBHeHHA CBOAMTCA K TpéM aciieKTaM — He TOJIbKO THOC€O/IOTHH€CKOMY (KAK IDHỀMA H/IH HDOICCA IO3HAHH1), HO H JIOTHH€CKOMYV (Kak JIOFHH€CKOl MO/I€JIH IIOCTDO€HH4 3bIKOBbIX CTDVKTYP) H JIMHTBUCTHYeCCKOMY (KaK S3bIKOBOH CTDYKTYPBI), H€JIYCMATDHBAIOIICMY BOILIOIICHH€ JIOTHd€CKOH MOJI€JIH CDABH€HH1 B IIHDOKOM CII€KTP€ #3bIKOBBIX CD€/ICTB
CpaBHeHHe #BJII€TCI OJHHM H3 OCHOBHbIX JIOFHH€CKHX IIDHỀMOB HO3HAHH4 BH€IIH€TO MHpA W /YXOBHBIX H€HHOCT€l À HO3HAHHW€ €CTb IIDOIECC, B KOTODOM 43IHUHC WU CXOJICTBO HAXOJUJITCI B Hepa3pbIBHOM €/IHHCTBC bBj/IAarO/Iapd THOC€O/IOTHH€CKOW (ÙYHKHHH CPABHCHH1 MHP IIOCTHTA€TCHI KAK CBA3aHHOe pa3sHooOpa3uve JĨorWdeCKad1 CVIHHOCTb CPABHCHH% IID€HOIIDJIJII€T ero THOC€OJIOTHH€CKYVIO 3HAHHMOCTb, IIO3BOI151 A4H4JIH3NHDOBATb OHODO/THBI€ IIOHITH1 H I€JIM€TBI, YU4HTbIBAX CJICBAHTHBIC HDH3HAKH, CABHCHHC CIIOCOỐCTBY€T KJIaCCH(ÙHMKAIIMH, YIODS/IOHHBAHHIO, OII€HK€ CO/I€D?KAHH1 ÕbITH4 H IIO3HAHMI
JlOrHWqecKO€ cpaBHeHHe T€DMHHOJIOFHH€CCKH MOX€T ObITb TOHATO B IIHDOKOM CMBICJIe — € VHỂTOM ©TO 2TaIIOB H (ÙOpM, KaK /IIHAMHH€CKO€ ABJICHHE, H B V3KOM CMBICIC — KAK OHHA H3 (ÌODM CPABHCHHI, a HMC€HHO COOCTBeHHO CDAaBHHT€/IbHO€ OTHOII€HHe
JÏHHTBHCTHW4eCKO€ CDABH€HH€ IIOHHMA€TCSI KaK CHHTAKCHH€CKA41 KAT€TODH1, Õa3WpYyIOIIAãC1 HA OTPA3KA€MOM B D€HH D€3VJIbTAT€ COOTB€TCTBVIOII€I JIOTHKO- MBICJIHT€JIbHOÌÏÍ OIICDAIHWHM COIIOCTABJICHH1 KAT€TODHAJIbHO O/IHODO/HHBIX #BJI€HHfÍ
Ha OCHOBAHHHWH CVIHI€CTB€HHHIX /JII IAHHỌ KOMMYHHKATHBHOÌÏ CHTYAIHH
IpH3HaKOB (C B AðcaMaTos, A B BaraHos, ® B Jlayrus, B M Orospues, II
Cepbo, JI TeHbep, B B TowaIieBcKnli, M B XIeðHnKoBa, M W epeMncwHa)
Trang 25V3y4eHve CDpABHHTGJIbHBIX OTHOMeCHHH B HD€/UIO3KHHH BKJIOHA€T B C€Õ1ä OIIHCAHH€ COIO3HOTO O(ÙODM/ICHH1 CDABHHT€JIbHbIX KOHCTDYKHHH, HCCJI€IOBAHHW€ CeMaHTHYecKOH HW CHHTAKCHH€CKOI 33BHCHMOCTH KOMIOH€HTOB IID€/LIO?K€HHH, BBIJI€JICHH€ CCMAHTHUH€CKHX IIOITHHOB IID€/JIOKeHH1 CpaBHeHusa (A b Muxaiies, JI.M CkpeinHa, M HI Wepemucuua)
CpaBHeHua MOryT DACCMATDHBATbC1 Cc (ÙYHKIIHIOH3/IbHO-CCMAHTHu€CKOlH
TOUKH 3peHHa (B B Bunorpayos), BbIeIAIOTCA CHCTEMbI MHKpOTIOJICH D€AJIbHOlÍ
H WppeaIbHol ceMaHTHKH (A B BoHnapko, E M IlopKHIie#H), pasHooOpa3Hbie CTPpyKTYpHO-ceMaHTH4eckHe TuIbl MuHoruve ĐHCCJIGHIOBATGIH OỐb€/HHSHEOT CTHJIMCTHY4ecKHH WM CHHTAKCHH€CKHĂ HOJIXO/JBI, H3VHAIOT CpaBHeHHA UW kak pa3eoIorwqecKwe ewHHIUI (E H Hnốpopa, JI A Jleðenepa, B M Oro.IbneB) MHOTW€ /INHTBHCTBI DACCMATDHBAIOT CTDYKTYDHO-CCM8HTHH€CKO€ MHOTOOỐD4A3w€ CDABHHT€JIbHHBX KOHCTDYKHHÍ WU HBITAIOTCH BBIIBHTb BHYTDHCHCTCMHBIG OTHOIICHHA Ha MaTepHasie VCTOÌÍHHBBIX KOMIADATHBHbIX KOHCTDYKIHHH, OỐpaIHas BHHMAHHC HA HX KOMIIOHCHTHBIÏ COCTAB, ÕPA3HYIO OCHOBY, BHYTDCHHIOIO
CTDVKTYDY, IO.I1, 3AHI©€WMATJICBA€MBI€ B 3bIK€ IDH IOMOIIWH cpaBHeHHli (B l` lak, T.M Beina, H B Hasapopa, A Ï Hasapan, H A Merc, H B Pa3yMKoBa, H
Bauche, M Jouhandeau) HecMOTp1 Ha pa3HOOỐDA3W€ IIO/IXO/IOB, H DYCCKH€, H B3apyOexKHbIe JIHHTBHCTBIL BBbILI€JISIEOT CJICIVEOH_I€ CTDYKTYDHBIC KOMIOH€HTBI CDABHHT€/IbHOÌÍ KOHCTDYKHHH, IIDHM€HSS JIHIIb D3JIHHHYE) TÊDMHHOJIOTHEO: TO,
ITO CDABHHBA€TCH (CDABHHBA€MOC, TCMA, HD€CIM€T, CYỐBb€KT); TO, C 4eM
CpAaBHHBAe€TC1 (ÕP43, OIIODA, OỐb€KT); TO, HA OCHOB€ H€TO IDOHCXO/IMT CDABH€HH€ (IpH3HAK, MOJIY.JIb, OCHOBAHH€, IOCD€/ICTBYEOIHIHH WJI€H)
KaT€TOpH4 CDABH€HHM1 HAXO/IHTC1 B TÊCHOM B3AHMO/I€ClCTBHH CO CM€?KHbIMH KaT€TODHSMH OIICHOHHOCTH, 3MOLHIMHOH8:IbHOCTH, 3KCIID€CCHBHOCTH H HHT€HCHBHOCTH, TO KOTOpOH HAMH HOHHMA€TCT “CBOlCTBO C/IOBA HJIH (pa3€OJIOTH3MA VCHJIHBATb IIDH3HAKH ÕỐO3HAaWA€MBIX HMH OObeKTOB” [A B KyHmHn, I986, c 2lI] lĨpw 3roM IO/IH€DKHỂM, HTO 2T KAT€TODHI MO?K€T HM€Tb TpaYHpOBaHHhIlf xapakTrep |2 Cennmp, 1993, c 45]
Trang 26Kateropua CpaBH€HH1, Õa3WDYVSCb Hã TJIÕAJIbHbIX OTHOIICHHäX CXOJICTBA H D43/IHHH1, BbIIBHHYTBIX B paMKaX Ka3aHCKỌ JIHHTBHCTHM€CKỌl IIKO/IBbI H €, Je COCCEODOM, OTIHHA€TCH MKOCTBI BK/IAIbIBA€MOTO B H€Ể COJI€P?KAHHH,
pD43HOÒPA3HOlÍ JIHHTBHCTHu€CKOl HHT€PIID€TaHnel H 3bIKOBOH IID€/JICTaBJI€HHOCTbBI TakK, B A BoFOpO/IHHKHĂ OHIHHM H3 II€CDBBIX pACKPBIBA€T
CCMAHTHKO-CHHTäKCHH€CKVRO IIDHDONIYV CDABHCHHH, BbIeIAT B CHCTeMe CJIO3KHOIIOIHWHHỂHHBbX HD€/JIO3K€HHI” YVHOHOƠHT€JIbSHO-CDABHHTGJIbHHI THỊ, BKJIOHäIOIIHÌ KOHCTDYKHHH DA3JIHNHOTO O(}ODM.I€HH1 BBbIIBHHVTBIÏ CMBICJIOBOlÍ IO/IXOJI K CDABHCHHK IIO3BOJIHI C€ /IOCTATOHHOI IHIOJIHOTOI OCB€THTb B€Cb
pellepTyap COOTB€TCTBVIOIIX 3HaqeHHH w IO3HadueHHli (H A Illnpokopa, M H Yepemucuna, A VU CMwnpHwIiKnli, L' L' [loqennos, B A Wneswmm)
B padote, HOCBAIIIỂHHOI THIAM CHHTAKCHUCCKHX KOHCTDYKHHH” CO CDABHHT€JIbBHbBIM COIO3OM B COCTAB€ IpOCToTO npe/1oKeHHx, H, A LIlläipokoBa
€JIHT 3TH KOHCTDYKIHH Hã ÕPA3HbI€ H CDABHHT€JIbHO-COIIOCTABHT€JIbHBI€ TaKOlÍ IIOIXO/I K BHIAM CDABHCHH1 OKđ34/IC1 /IOCTATOHHO IIJIO/IOTBODHBIM — CJIO?KH.JIACb TpannHnna WuddepeHuMpoBaTbh CDABH€HH€—TO?KI€CTBO (IID€JIM€THO-/IOTHH€CKO€) H CpaBH€HWe€-yIO/7ÒeHWe (oØpa3Hoe cpaBHeHwe) [|B M Oronbpnep, I978; JI A JleØenena, 1999]
CTenwdwKa đBYX THIOB CDABHHT€/IbHBIX KOHCTDYKHHÍ 3aKJIOHA€TCS B TOM, YTO ID€/IM€THO-JIOTHWu€CKH€ ÕODOTBI CHIOCOỐCTBVIOT ÕOJI€€ IOJIHOMY DACKDBITHIO MBICIH 3A4 CHẾT YCTAHOBJICHHA COOTBETCTBHA B KAKOM-JIHỐO OTHOIICHHH, a OOpa3Hble OOOPOTHI HM€IOT II€JIbO M€TaA(ÙODpHW€CKYIO XâaDAKT€DHCTHKY KaKOTO-/IHÕO
!/I€HA ID€/UIO?K€HH4 (dAII€ BC€TO HO/JUI€?KAII€TO) HJIH YCHJICHH€ IIDHJIATAT€JIbHOTO
H HAD©HH1, OT KOTODOTO 3aBHCHT Becb OOopoT ÏHBIMH CJIOBAMH, B IID€IM€THO- JIOTHH€CKOM CpABHCHHH CXO/ICTBO BBIDA?KA©€TC1, B OỐPA3HOM CDABH€CHHH CXO/ICTBO H3OỐØpa?Xae€Tca
A 4TO KACA€TCW CTDYKTYDBI CDABHHT€JIbHOI CHTYVAHMH, e€ OCHOBHbIX
KOMIIOH€HTOB HM IlyTeH UX D€đ1IH3AHWH B #13BIK€, TO VHỂHBI€, € O/IHOI CTODOHBI,
Trang 27ID€JI1ATAIOT TDỂX23/IVM€HTHVIO CTDYKTYDY 2THX OTHOII€HHH, a € IPYTOH — roBopaT
O H€TBIDỂX KOMIOH€HTâX
IlpencTraBHTe€/IH IIepBoli Touku 3peHua [M HW Yepemucuna, 1976, B M
Oronpues, 1978, JI A JleØenepa, 1999| vyKa3BBAIOT Ha TPH OCHOBHBIX
KOMIIOHCHTA, aBat UM pa3Hblie HAHMGHOBAHHI ÏlÏ€DpBHÌ KOMIMOHCHT KB8/IHHMIIHpY€TC1 KaK CVỐb€K? CDđ6H€H141 (I€T€DMWHHDY€MBII 4JI€H, IO3HTHBHHIH KOMIIOH€HT), TO ©CTb TO, HTO CDABHHBa€TCc1 BTOpOÌÍ KOMMOHEHT MMeHyeTCA Kak Òb@KIH cpaeHeHua (KBAIHÌÙHKATOD, KOMIIADATHBHHI KOMIOH€HT) TpeTHH KOMIOH€HT — 9TO OcHOeaHue cpaenenua, HO M W depeMnCHHOH, MOJV/Tb CpaBHeHHa
C pyro CTOpOHBI, H€KOTODBI€ WCC.JI€IOBaT€.IH, HaIpHMep, B H Tenmx, H
B ApHOIbNI, K TDỀM Ha3BaHHbIM KOMIOHCHTAM CDABHHT€JIbBHOIÏ CHTVAIWH IÕABJIIOT H€TBỂPTH KOMIOHCHT: KOMNapamuU6HoIli Ggopmanm (COKO3H, Ip€/LIOTH, 1a7e?KHbIe (opMmI) [H B ApHosn, 2002, c 117]
VCTOlHHBBIC CpaBHeHHA 3aHHMaIOT YMbI HCCJICIOBATGJI€I TJIYOOKOH
IP€BHOCTH BOHpOC O CDABH€HH1X, HO B€DHOMV 3AM€HAHHE VHỀHBIX, HM€€T OTPOMHVK) JIHT€DATYDY CHOBBI T€ODHH CDABHCHHA 3AJ103KCHbI €IIỂ /IDCBHHMH IP€KAaMH H DHM/IIHAMH H CYIHI€CTBCHHO IIOIOJIH€HBI HA HOdB€E TpYIaMH M B
JlowoHocosa, Ψ VU bycnaepa, A A IloreOnu u A H Becentosckoro, a 3aTem
IID€/ICTABHT€/IIMH TâK HA3bIBA©€MOTO DYCCKOTO (ODpMA.JIH3Ma 20-x FOOB XX BeKa
YcTOf4HBbIMH CpABH€HHSMH (B /1A/1bH€liiI€M - VC), WJIH KOMIIADATHBHbIMH (Ìpa3€OIOTHH€CKHMH €/IHHHIIAMH, Mbi HA3bIBA©€M VCTỌHWHBBI€ W BOIIDOH3BO/IHMBI€ coueTaHHA CJIOB, (ÙpA3€O/IOTHH€CKA4 CH€IH(HWKA KOTODBIX OCHOBbIBaeTCA Ha TpA1HIHOHHOM CpaBHeHHn Bce ŸYC, đMGIOT JBYXHACTHYIO CTDYVKTYDY, KOMIIOH€HTBI KOTOPOH HA3bIBAIOTC1 JI€BOlÍ (HCXOHHỌÍ) HU IpaBOlÍ (2TaJIOHHOl) qacTäMH JÏeBas YaCTb Ha3blBaeT JIeHCTBHe, NPH3HAK WIM IIDH3HAK /I€ÌCTBH1; IABA1 HACTb CO3A4ÈT ÕD43 CDAaBH€HHI
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Ilo MH€HHIO MHOTHX VHỂHBIX, VCTOHHHBbBIC CDABH€HHH, COIJIACHO Ux TPaMI[MOHHOMYy OOO3Ha4eHHIO, WIM KOMMapaTHBHbie DE, B/IIIOTCH O/NHOÌI H3
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Trang 29Hanạojựee ạJ1W3KHM K CpaBHeHHIO OOpa3HbIM CPẠJICTBOM ABJIACTCA
MeTagdopa, W3y4eHHe KOTOpOH BẠJOCcb Ạ HO3nnHH LHH Bannn, Apuctotesiem,
PmuapncoM, M BẤI2KOM, /k Jlaxoddom, H JI Apytronopoit u ap OTmeyaetca, 4ToO Ộ(OpMasIbHble MH CCMAHTHHẠCKHCG pA3JINHH1 MẹẠ?KJIY OOpasHbIM CpaBHeHHeM HU MeTaopol B OOsJIbIIeH Mepe CBa3aHbI CẠ DA3JIHHHẠM /IBYX BH/IOB JIOTHHẠCKHX OTHOIIICHHÌÍỢ, JIẠ?KAIIIHX B OCHOBẠ 2THX OạPA3HBIX CDẠ/ICTB, ả HMẠHHO Ở OTHOIIICHHfÍ IIOTOỐW1 H TO?KJIẠCTBđ; B CB13H C HCM Ộ3TH TDOIIbBI OTBẠWAIOT DA3HBIM TẠH/IẠHIHHSM IO2THMẠCKOIO 3BbIK4Ợ: ỘMeTadopa COKPpAIHAẠCT pẠHb, CPABHẠHHC Ạể pacnpocTrpanseTrỢ [H HH ApyTrtoHoBa, 1977, c 26-27]
CMBICJIOBa1 cIIeIú(ÙbWKa MẠTaODPBbi IIDẠIOIDẠ/IẠJIIẠTC1 TM, 4TO ỘMeTadopa BBIDA3KAẠT VCTOlHHBOC HOHIOỐHWẠ, DACKPBIBAIOIIẠC CVIIHOCTb IIDẠHMCTA, H B KOHCHHOM CHỔTẠ ero IIOCTONHHHBIỳ HH3HAKỢ, HOIOỐHẠ ?KẠ ỘMOXẠT OBITS HJIIO3ODHBIM TO TO, HTO HOKA34/IOCb MeTra(bopa Ở 2TO TO, HTO ẠCTb CTIIOp O CXO/ICTBẠ Ở 2TO CIIOD O BIIeqaT/IeHwaxỢ |[H JI Apytronosa, 1990, c 27]
Jlpyrol 61w3Kol cpaBHeHHIo (HTYpOlÍ peww B4JIẠTC1 THIIẠDÔOJ1A, KOTODA1 COCTOHT ỘB 34BẠIOMOM IIDCYBẠIIHHCHHH, YVCHJIIHBAIOIICM BBIDA3HTẠJIbHOCTb, IIDHJAIOIHICM BBICKA3bIBAFfOđIIeMV 2M(ÙaTwnuecKHfli xapakrepỢ [O C AxwaHosga, 2004,
c 99]
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Trang 30A3bIKa, TOCKOJIbKY COCTABJIHIIOT, IIO3KđJIVĂ, OJIHH H3 CAMBbIX MHOTOHHCJICHHbIX 43p1IOB (ÌpA3€OJIOTHHCCKHX ©HHHHỊ C OHOTHIIHbIMA CTDYKTVDPHO- CCMAHTHu€CKHMH CBOÌÏCTBAMH: HX KOMIIADATHBHA" CCMAHTHKA HAXO/IHT SBHVEO (ÌODPMAJIEHVRO BBIDA3K€HHOCTb - OOBCKT CpaBHeCHHA BBOJMTCA C HOMOHIbEO CDpABHHT€JIEHOTO COIO3A KớK (HJIH €TO CHHOHHMOB ĨVỞ?0, KAK ÕVỊMO, GIO6HO, IHOWHO): Õ@2ICGIb KaK HG HO2ICđD, ØJIVHbLl KAK HĐOƠKG AKTHBHOCG T€OD€THH€CKO€ OCMBICJICHH€ KOMIIADATHBHOHÍ (ÌpA3€O/IOTHH HA4AJIOCb B DYCCKOM 3bIKO3HAHHH B
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CTODOHBI DYCCKHX H 3apỲ€Ẵ?KHBIX (pA3€O/IOFOB H (Ùpa3eoTpatÙoB, „TO 34KOHOM€DHO IDHB€JIO K CO3/IAHHIO C/IOBapelÍ VỀ pa3HOTO Ha3HaueHHa - oÕØIIeHaydHHIX |JL A
Jleðenena, 1994; JI A Jle6Øenepa, 1998; B M Oro.ibnenp, 1994| w yueØHhiIx [JL A JleØenena, 1975; B M Oroisnes, 1984]
Trang 31Ilon pyKOBO/CTBOM IpodQeccopa B M MokweHKo BezéTca TeopeTHYecKkad
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