đề tài tác động của facebook đến kết quả học tập của sinh viên nghiên cứu tại học viện tài chính

ĐỀ TÀI NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC CỦA SINH VIÊN THAM GIA GIẢI THƯỞNG TÀI NĂNG KHOA HỌC TRẺ VIỆT NAM TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA FACEBOOK ĐẾN KẾT QUẢ HỌC TẬP CỦA SINH VIÊN: NGHIÊN CỨU TẠI HỌC VIỆN TÀI CHÍNH

ĐỀ TÀI NGHIÊN CỨU KHOA HỌC CỦA SINH VIÊN THAM GIA GIẢI THƯỞNG TÀI NĂNG KHOA HỌC TRẺ VIỆT NAM

TÁC ĐỘNG CỦA FACEBOOK ĐẾN KẾT QUẢ HỌC TẬP CỦA SINH VIÊN: NGHIÊN CỨU TẠI

HỌC VIỆN TÀI CHÍNH

Thuộc nhóm ngành khoa học: Xã hội và Giáo dục

Sinh viên thực hiện : Trần Thị Hằng, Võ Nhật Linh, Thái Thị Mỹ Trinh, Vũ Thị Phương Dân tộc : Kinh

Lớp/ Khoa: CQ57/51.01&02, Khoa: Ngoại Ngữ, Năm thứ: 3/ Số năm đào tạo: 4 Chuyên ngành : Tiếng Anh Tài Chính Kế Toán

Giảng viên hướng dẫn : Nguyễn Thị Thanh Thanh

Hà Nội, Tháng 04, Năm 2022 NĂM 2020

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DECLARATION

We represent and warrant proclaims that this scientific paper is the result of our own hard work and dedication It has not been designated for any awards Where other sources of information have been used, they were adequately credited with thorough references

Hanoi, April 8, 2022

Tran Thi Hang Thai Thi My Trinh Vo Nhat Linh

Vu Thi Phuong

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We received invaluable assistance and guidance from our lecturers, family, and friends whereas making preparations for this thesis Our research could not have been accomplished without them; therefore, we would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to each and every one of them

First and foremost, we would like to express our deepest appreciation to our superintendent, Mrs Nguyen Thi Thanh Thanh, lecturer at the Academy of Finance, who has provided us with excellent assistance, continuous guidance, and innumerable specific details, comments, and valuable advice whenever we have requested it

Second, we'd like to express our heartfelt gratitude to all of the faculty members at the Academy of Finance who have offered us valuable lessons thus far Last but not least, we acknowledge our appreciation to our family members and friends, whose great love and support in both spirit and health have stimulated us to successfully complete the study

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ABSTRACT

This study deeply investigated the influence of Facebook on AOF students’ academic performance from the perspective of a group of third-year students of Faculty of Foreign Language, Academy of Finance The paper aims at finding out the time that AOFers spend on this social media platform, then pointing out the negative and positive impacts of Facebook on AOFers when using Facebook for studying purposes More importantly, it suggests practical resolutions for AOF students who want to obtain more advantages and overcome drawbacks if they want to take advantage of Facebook for learning To achieve these aims, the authors used a wide range of research tools and methods, such as surveys and questionnaires, data available on the internet, Organization of the study to assess whether Facebook assists AOFers to enhance their academic performance or not Based on the findings, the study argues that Facebook is considered one of the most potential learning applications that AOFers can use to boost their academic performance

Học Viện Tài Chính Nghiên cứu khoa học

NHẬN XÉT CỦA HỘI ĐỒNG NGHIỆM THU CẤP KHOA vii

THÔNG TIN KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU CỦA ĐỀ TÀI vii

THÔNG TIN VỀ SINH VIÊN CHỊU TRÁCH NHIỆM CHÍNH THỰC HIỆN ĐỀ TÀI viiv

INTRODUCTION 1

1 Rationale of the study 1

2 Aims of the study 1

3 Scope of the study 2

4 Methods of the study 2

5 Organization of the study 3

CHAPTER 1: FACEBOOK AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 5

1.1 Social media and Facebook 5

1.1.1 Social media 5

1.1.1.1 Definition of social media 5

1.1.1.2 Definition of social networking site 5

1.2.1 Definition of academic performance 11

1.2.2 Importance of academic performance 12

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1.2.3 The evaluation criteria for academic performance 13

1.2.3.1 Grade Point Average 13

2.1 Overview of Academy of Finance and students at Academy of Finance 18

2.2 The influences of using Facebook on AOF students’ academic performance 20 2.2.1 Current status of using Facebook of AOF students 20

2.2.1.1 General purposes of using Facebook by AOF students 21

2.2.1.2 Time spent on Facebook by AOF students 25

2.2.2 Positive and negative impacts of Facebook usage on AOF students’ academic

3.3 Overcoming the limitations of excessive use of facebook 39

3.3.1 Setting proper timeline for the use of Facebook 39

3.3.2 Keeping devices silent when studying 40

CONCLUSION 42

REFERENCES 43

APPENDIX 46

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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Table 1: Grade conversion table between 10-point scale and 4-point scale ……… 14

Figure 1: Number of students using social networks ……… 21

Figure 2: Purposes of using social networks by AOF students ……… 22

Figure 3: Time for using Facebook per day by AOF students ……… 25

Table 2: Time spent for studying on Facebook of AOF students ……… 26

Table 3: Interactivity with peers and educators ……… 27

Table 4: Promoting student’s academic performance ……… 29

Table 5: The amount of time male and female students use for studying ……… 30

Figure 4: Facebook distracts students from studying ……… 31

Table 6: Facebook distracts students from studying between male and female 32 Table 7: Relationship between GPA and Facebook usage ……… 33

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ABBREVIATION

GPA Grade point average

CGPA Cumulative grade point average

AOF Academy of Finance

AOFers Students at Academy of Finance

SNS Social-networking sites

CEO Chief Executive Officer

IPO Initial Public Offering

FFL Faculty of Foreign Languages

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1 Tên đề tài: The impacts of Facebook on students’ academic performance: A case study at Academy of Finance

2 Sinh viên thực hiện:

 Trần Thị Hằng, Lớp: CQ57/51.01, Khoa: Ngoại Ngữ, Chuyên ngành: Tiếng Anh Tài Chính Kế Toán, Năm: 03

 Võ Nhật Linh, Lớp CQ57/51.01, Khoa: Ngoại Ngữ, Chuyên ngành: Tiếng Anh Tài Chính Kế Toán, Năm: 03

 Thái Thị Mỹ Trinh, Lớp CQ57/51.01, Khoa: Ngoại Ngữ, Chuyên ngành: Tiếng Anh Tài Chính Kế Toán, Năm: 03

 Vũ Thị Phương, Lớp CQ57/51.01, Khoa: Ngoại Ngữ, Chuyên ngành: Tiếng Anh Tài Chính Kế Toán, Năm: 03

3 Ngư i hướng dẫn: Nguyễn Thị Thanh Thanh 4 Kết uận và kiến nghị của Hội đ ng:

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HỌC VIỆN TÀI CHÍNH

THÔNG TIN KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU CỦA ĐỀ TÀI 1 Thông tin chung:

 Tên đề tài: Tác động của Facebook đến kết quả học tập của sinh viên Học Viện Tài Chính

 Sinh viên thực hiện 1:

Trần Thị Hằng Lớp: CQ57/51.01 Khoa: Ngôn Ngữ Anh, Năm thứ: 3 Số năm đào tạo: 4

 Sinh viên thực hiện 2:

Thái Thị Mỹ Trinh Lớp: CQ57/51.01 Khoa: Ngôn Ngữ Anh, Năm thứ: 3 Số năm đào tạo: 4

 Sinh viên thực hiện 3:

Võ Nhật Linh Lớp: CQ57/51.01 Khoa: Ngôn Ngữ Anh, Năm thứ: 3 Số năm đào tạo: 4

 Sinh viên thực hiện 4:

Vũ Thị Phương Lớp: CQ57/51.02 Khoa: Ngôn Ngữ Anh, Năm thứ: 3 Số năm đào tạo: 4

 Người Hướng dẫn: ThS Nguyễn Thị Thanh Thanh

2 Mục tiêu đề tài:

Nghiên cứu về ảnh hưởng của Facebook đến kết quả học tập của sinh viên Học Viện Tài Chính từ đó chỉ ra những ảnh hưởng tiêu cực và tích cực của Facebook đối với việc học của sinh viên và lấy đó làm cơ sở để đưa ra những giải pháp thực tế giúp sinh viên có thể khắc phục điểm yếu và thúc đẩy tận dụng tốt những điểm mạnh của Facebook

3 Tính mới và sáng tạo:

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Đề tài về “Tác động của Facebook đến kết quả học tập của sinh viên” không phải là một đề tài mới lạ tuy nhiên bài nghiên cứu này có những điểm mới và sáng tạo là không chỉ phân tích, chỉ ra được những thực trạng việc sử dụng Facebook của sinh viên trong thời đại công nghệ 4.0 mà còn đưa ra được cái nhìn bao quát về tầm ảnh hưởng của công nghệ này đến sinh viên Học Viện Tài Chính trong bối cảnh dịch bệnh COVID-19

4 Kết quả nghiên cứu:

Trong kỷ nguyên công nghiệp 4.0 với sự phát triển vượt bậc của một loạt các nền tảng truyền thông, chúng có ảnh hưởng to lớn đến cuộc sống của chúng ta, đặc biệt là đối với sinh viên Thế hệ trẻ thường xuyên tiếp cận công nghệ và sử dụng nó cho mục đích học tập cũng như giải trí Chúng ta không thể phủ nhận rằng Facebook là một nguồn học tập rất tiềm năng và nó đã giúp kết quả học tập của học sinh AOF ngày càng được cải thiện Trong thời buổi công nghệ hiện đại, một số lượng lớn học viên của AOF đã dành sự quan tâm sâu sắc đến nền tảng trực tuyến này Bên cạnh thành tích, họ vẫn có những hạn chế đáng chú ý đối với các sinh viên Học Viện Tài Chính Xuất phát từ thực trạng ảnh hưởng nặng nề của Facebook đối với sinh viên, chương trình học của sinh viên và tình hình thực tế được ghi nhận từ các trường đại học, chúng tôi đã tiến hành nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của Facebook đến kết quả học tập của sinh viên Qua đó, chúng tôi đã mạnh dạn đề xuất một số giải pháp hữu hiệu để giảm thiểu những hạn chế của Facebook và tăng lợi thế so sánh giữa các học viên trong AOF

5 Đóng góp về mặt kinh tế-xã hội, giáo dục và đào tạo, an ninh, quốc phòng và khả năng áp dụng của đề tài:

Bài nghiên cứu này có đưa ra một số giải pháp thực tiễn khá hữu ích cho sinh viên toàn trường nói chung và sinh viên khoa ngoại ngữ nói riêng nhằm tận dụng hiệu

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quả những lợi ích của Facebook từ đó có thể nâng cao kiến thức và mở rộng nhiều cơ hội cho bản thân

6 Công bố khoa học của sinh viên từ kết quả nghiên cứu của đề tài (ghi rõ tên

tạp chí nếu có) hoặc nhận xét, đánh giá của cơ sở đã áp dụng các kết quả nghiên

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HỌC VIỆN TÀI CHÍNH

THÔNG TIN VỀ SINH VIÊN

CH U TRÁCH NHIỆM CHÍNH THỰC HIỆN ĐỀ TÀI I SƠ LƢỢC VỀ SINH VIÊN 1

Họ và tên: Trần Thị Hằng

Sinh ngày: 02 Tháng: 08 Năm: 2001 Nơi sinh: Hà Tây

Ngành học: Tiếng Anh Tài chính Kế toán Khoa: Ngoại Ngữ Kết quả học tập: Kỳ 1: Giỏi Kỳ 2: Giỏi

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I SƠ LƢỢC VỀ SINH VIÊN 3

Họ và tên: Thái Thị Mỹ Trinh

Sinh ngày: 20 Tháng: 11 Năm: 2001

Ngành học: Tiếng Anh Tài chính Kế toán Khoa: Ngoại Ngữ Kết quả học tập: Kỳ 1: Trung Bình Kỳ 2: Giỏi

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I SƠ LƢỢC VỀ SINH VIÊN 4

Họ và tên: Vũ Thị Phương

Sinh ngày: 06 Tháng: 05 Năm: 2001 Nơi sinh: Thanh Hóa

Học Viện Tài Chính Nghiên cứu khoa học

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INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale of the study

In fact, in the fourth industry era with the exceedingly strong development of a wide range of media platforms, they have an enormous effect on our lives, especially to students The young generation who frequently access technology and use it for learning as well as entertaining purposes

Everyone views social media, namely Facebook as a controversial issue Some people assume that Facebook causes distraction and leads students to procrastinate in their daily activities, negatively affecting their academic performance Other people, however, also claim that visiting Facebook brings some significant benefits Furthermore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, every citizen has to apply social distance and they spend most of their time at home This leads to the time they use social media considerably soar Students perform online learning but social media significantly affects their academic performance Whether this brings the pros or cons?

Therefore, the study about the relation of Facebook usage and students' studying is carried out The results obtained from the study will add to the wealth of information currently available on Facebook usage, its impact on college students’ academic performance In addition, the findings of the study are expected to contribute a little towards bridging the existing literature gap on understanding the impediments and blessing opportunities of Facebook in the academic environment Finally, this study also helps students have effective solutions to minimize the negative impacts of Facebook on their studies

2 Aims of the study 2.1 General objective

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the student involvement in the most popular online social network site Facebook and also the impact of Facebook negatively or positively on AOF students’ academic performance Furthermore, this study intends to bring awareness among the AOF students regarding the use of online social networks particularly Facebook in studying

2.2 Specific objective

The study is conducted in the hope of gaining a better understanding of the reality of AOF students’ Facebook usage and the impacts of Facebook on students’ academic performance It also explores the purpose of using Facebook, and the average time students spend on Facebook for study and other purposes collectively per day

3 Scope of the study

Although it was preferable to conduct this research in all colleges found in Ha Noi, Viet Nam, due to financial and time constraints, this research only focuses on assessing the impact of Facebook usage on students’ academic performance at the Academy of Finance This study is carried out over the period from September 2021 to January 2022 with the surveying participation of roughly 413 AOF students

4 Methods of the study

To complete the research in a reasonable and persuasive way, the researchers use both secondary data and primary data

Secondary data: Researchers find various data available on the Internet Some information such as evaluation of Facebook, feature and function of Facebook, the measure of GPA, and some previous studies of researchers were collected from credible websites such as hvtc.edu.vn…

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Primary data: Researchers use an online survey that includes a list of various questions related to the impact of Facebook on students’ academic performance in order to collect data for this study To get truthful information the university students were requested to respond to the questionnaire with 16 questions anonymously The questionnaire is structured in two sections The first section has the task of collecting general information In the second section, questions focus on AOF’s students about time using Facebook, the positive and negative impacts of Facebook usage for studying, their GPA last semester (the second semester of the school year 2020- 2021), and their cumulative grade point average (CGPA) This survey was conducted from October 2021 to December 2021 at the Academy of Finance Besides, the online survey was sent on emails, messengers, and Facebook groups so that AOF’s students could be easily filled out online As a result, there are 413 students who carried out this research in a volunteer way After collecting the necessary data and figures, the researchers will use Microsoft Excel and the comparison method to process and analyze them The outcomes of these tasks will be demonstrated in the table, bar charts, and pie charts in the next parts of this study Moreover, the survey is conducted through in-person interviews and telephone interviews process About 10 AOF students who come from different courses take part in interviews in order to share about their use of Facebook

5 Organization of the study

This study is divided into three chapters:

The introduction represents a general background of the study It also briefly

involves the significance, aims, scope, methods, and structure of the study

Chapter 1 provides some main information on key terms (such as social media,

Facebook, and academic performance) used throughout the thesis

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Chapter 2 gives the results of the survey that are the influences of Facebook on

AOF students’ academic performance

Chapter 3 points out the conclusions drawn, and the recommendations forwarded

to minimize the negative impacts of Facebook on students’ studying

The conclusion summarizes the main information presented in the study,

limitations as well as suggestions for further study The author also gives a list of references and resources that were used in the research

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CHAPTER 1: FACEBOOK AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 1.1 SOCIAL MEDIA AND FACEBOOK

1.1.1 Social Media

1.1.1.1 Definition of Social Media

The phenomenon of social media began in 1997 Some scholars define social media as virtual spaces where communication through the means of discussion, chat, comment, photography, and interaction between users can take place without borders or breaks (AI-Jazi, 2018, p.14) Thus, the internet is described as a virtual place because it is considered a liberating place where no one party owns it (Asur and Huberman, 2010, p.40) Also, Bailey et al., 2009 & Salim, 2008 define social media as services that are created and programmed by major companies to gather the greatest number of users and friends who share activities and interests, searching for more friendships and the interests and activities of other people with whom they share one of the intellectual contributions Social media include a variety of activities: photo sharing, blogging, social gaming, social networks, video sharing, business networks, etc Therefore, it has benefits for many areas such as politicians, career opportunities and businesses, etc

1.1.1.2 Definition of Social Networking Site

The social networking sites are the recent popular social media platforms which are online communication forms among adolescents and adults Social-networking sites (SNS) are the latest online communication tool that allows users to create a public or private profile to interact with people in their networks (Boyd & Ellison, 2008) Twitter, Instagram, MySpace, LinkedIn and other network sites are the best examples of SNs that allow individuals to present themselves to other users using a variety of formats; including text, video, and chat services Among them, Facebook is especially

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considered the largest social network and has become an increasingly essential element of adolescent life

An online social networking site enables users to build a public profile and interact with other users It not only allows a new user to provide a list of people with whom they share a connection but also allows the people on the list to confirm or deny the connection When connecting to the internet, users can search the networks of connections to make more connections A social networking site is also known as a social networking website or social website

1.1.2 Facebook

1.1.2.1 Definition of Facebook

Facebook is a website that allows users, who sign-up for free profiles, to connect with friends, work colleagues, or people they don’t know, online It allows users to share pictures, music, videos, and articles, as well as their own thoughts and opinions with however many people they like For many teenagers and young adults, Facebook represents a social institution that can be used by adolescents not only for sharing basic information and for connecting with others, but also as a platform for exploring and disclosing information about their identities

Facebook is a social networking site that makes it easy for students to connect and share with family and friends online Originally designed for college students, Facebook was created in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg while he was enrolled at Harvard University By 2006, anyone over the age of 13 with a valid email address could join Facebook Today, Facebook is the world's largest social network, with more than 1 billion users worldwide

1.1.2.2 Evolution of Facebook

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Facebook is an American company, which offers online social networking services

In 2003, it started at Harvard University as Facemash playing as an online service for students to judge the attractiveness of the other students in which students can share by Harvard sophomore Mark Zuckerberg and his roommate

In February 2004, TheFacebook.com was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes which helps Harvard students who have accounts could post photographs of themselves and personal information such as their class schedules and clubs, events This platform attracted lots of attention’s students from other prestigious schools, such as Yale and Stanford universities In June 2004 more than 250,000 students from 34 schools had signed up and started paying for experiences on the site

In September 2004 Facebook introduced “The Wall,” an area of a user’s profile where friends and fans could post public messages The feature allows users to post information on their Wall In the next three months, the company announced that it has approximately 1 million users

In 2005, Mark Zuckerberg brought out a new feature that is the idea of tagging friends in photos that were posted, which not only let people identify themselves in every picture but also allowed users to post photos unlimitedly At the same time, Facebook allows high-school students and college students to join the services it reached six million at the end of this year

In 2006, Facebook continued to expand scale by opening membership However, the Privacy problem is a big issue for Facebook It was more serious when Facebook introduced a News Feed that a user’s friends can access their pages, which caused an

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outcry from users so Facebook had to implement privacy controls Facebook’s CEO said: “stalking isn’t cool, but being able to know what’s going on in your friends’ lives is.”

In 2007, Facebook launched Beacon, a short-lived service, which lets users post products to sell and members’ friends buy what products they like Starting a Facebook Application Developer platform, developers create their own Facebook apps and games By the end of 2007, more than 100,000 companies had signed up with Facebook launching Pages for Businesses to support the opening of applications for businesses

In 2008, with its 100 million users, the social system reached its first wholeheartedly spectacular milestone Facebook has become a powerful tool for political movements, beginning with the U.S presidential election of 2008, when more than 1,000 Facebook groups were formed in support of either Democratic candidate Barack Obama or Republican candidate John McCain, and many demonstrations

By 2009, developers had total revenue of $500 million via Facebook The company also makes profits from developers by paying for virtual or digital products sold through third-party applications

In September 2011 the Facebook Timeline was introduced by Zuckerberg at the company’s F8 developer conference and effectively killed “The Wall.” The new feature controls a user’s posts and puts them in order of time However, users were unsatisfied with the change

In April 2012 Facebook acquired Instagram for $1 billion One month later, Facebook raised $16 billion in a public offering, creating it to become the largest technology IPO at the time However, the first day of trading is met with trouble by

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problems on the Nasdaq Some investors aren’t sure whether their trades are successful or not, and some later take to court

In 2014, Facebook acquired WhatsApp, this app had over 450 million users and reached a massive16 million dollars, about 12 million dollars in Facebook stock Then, Facebook continued to acquire Oculus since they wanted to become a Virtual Reality market with 2 billion dollars

From 2018 to 2020, there will be more and more users who have their own accounts on Facebook Therefore, the revenue of Facebook rose increasingly

1.1.2.3 FEATURES AND FUNCTIONS OF FACEBOOK

Facebook always tries to conquer all users by building social networks with hundreds or even thousands of people around the world and creating many useful tools, features, and its function To meet the requirements of users, this site has released the following outstanding features:

Groups/Pages

Basically, groups and pages both allow users to access to chat, exchange, and update information Users or groups use Facebook pages to share related information about upcoming events, share information blogs or materials, and run advertising campaigns v.v While Facebook Pages are essentially profiled pages maintained and updated by the administrators, Facebook Groups are maintained by the community Group members can participate in chats, contribute ideas, upload photos to shared albums, collaborate on group docs, and invite members who are friends to group events (Facebook.com, 2013) For instance, students in general and AOFers, in particular, can easily access and participate in groups or pages with professional knowledge through this feature to exchange, share information and learn from each other

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Notifications

Notification is one of the more unique features of Facebook It is basically the popup messages that appear right top of the Facebook page to inform users about the most recent activity affecting their profile The most common example is when a friend engages with users’ posts, photos, videos, or timelines, the user will get notified about that activity For students, timely updating of the latest news from schools, groups, or teachers is important so as not to miss deadlines or imperative news

Messages and inbox

An equally outstanding feature is Facebook Message and inbox This feature lets Facebook users send messages, make voice calls and video calls to 1 person or a small group In April 2020, Facebook began rolling out a new feature called Messenger Room, a video chat feature that allows users to chat and communicate with up to 50 people at once According to the Facebook Messenger video call, Social Media Today News pointed out that 410 million users use this platform for video chats monthly and Facebook has over 300,000 developers working on the message platforms These enable students to communicate more easily with professors and peers, and they can even link with companies and employers to work remotely

Other features:

In addition, Facebook also owns features such as Newsfeed, Search, Comment and Reaction, Timeline, Events, etc… With these features, Facebook makes it much easier for users to plan and participate in online events; find groups or friends; and express emotions with other users It gives the chance to users to show great computerized citizenship on social media when freely sharing photos, videos, status posts These features are becoming seemingly irresistible to university students who want to connect with their friends (Gold, 2011)

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1.2 ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

1.2.1 Definition of Academic Performance

Academic performance measurement dates back to the 1830s in the United States In Boston, education reformers Horace Mann and Samuel Gridley Howe used a standardized test to assess student progress With the Kansas Silent Reading Test in 1914, Kansas school administrator Frederick J Kelly advanced the idea of standardized testing by developing a grading machine in 1934 that could grade test sheets by picking up the electrical current created by pencil marks The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965 encouraged all states to enact standardized testing This legislation required states to assess student proficiency and generate accountability measures for public schools This legislation required states to measure student proficiency and develop accountability measures for public schools

Overall, Grade Point Average (GPA), high school graduation rate, annual standardized tests, and college entrance exams are used to analyse student performance GPA is typically calculated on a scale of zero to four, with higher GPAs representing higher grades in the classroom State and federal education officials collect graduation rates as a baseline measure of secondary education performance Each state administers annual tests to students in elementary, middle, and high school to evaluate subject fluency

The academic performance of students is the fundamental standpoint and one of the significant targets of any education system The achievement of an excellent academy of students through making them portray better academic performance is the leading purpose of any academic establishment (Adeyemo, 2001)

Generally, academic performance is popularly evaluated through mid-term or end-term examinations or daily assignments However, there is no public principle on how it is exactly judged or which factors are the most considerable - procedural knowledge such as skills or declarative knowledge such as facts

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1.2.2 Importance of Academic Performance

Although academic performance seems to be a simple outcome of education, the influence of the academic performance of students in some countries is quite multi-faced

Firstly, while studying at university, students who have a good academic performance can receive a huge number of benefits both physical as well as mental values such as money for scholarships, rewards, and a good impression on peers’ eyes Furthermore, when students have outstanding academic achievements, they seize the precious opportunities to participate in international competitions From then, all experiences can lift their profile, which helps us find a good multinational corporation to serve as an internship

Secondly, a good academic performance will decide the positive outcomes of the students after graduating According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) in 2001, most students with good degrees or high levels of education are more probably to be employed and paid a higher salary grade than the others with no academic success A good academic achievement is important because not only the good jobs with the satisfactory wages the students would have but also the higher levels of education to tackle the technologically demanding occupations the working students would need in the future (Brown, 1999; National Alliance of Business, Inc., 1998) Therefore, students who have a good academic performance would have more good opportunities to choose their future jobs

Finally, the good academic performance of students decides the success or failure of educational institutions Narad and Abdullah (2016) mentioned in their research, that at the basic level, the success or failure of any academic institution depends largely upon the academic performance of its students Moreover, now, schools are receiving recognition and awards based on their students' academic achievements A school with

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more academic achievements would receive more awards than a school with fewer achievements

1.2.3 The Evaluation Criteria for Academic Performance

Evaluating what students have learned throughout the course can be accomplished in many ways, depending on the course objectives and how student performance will be measured Homework, class participation papers, and tests are all traditional methods for assessment that can be created and recorded However, all of that evaluating ways are indicated through Grade Point Average (GPA) that is a popular evaluation criterion in all schools Stephan & Schaban (2002) said that “a majorly used yardstick to measure academic performance has been the GPA”

1.2.3.1 Grade Point Average (GPA)

Grade Point Average or GPA is an average number that indicates how well students typically scored in their classes throughout the semester, term, and year GPA, an effective academic performance measurement, is calculated on a scale of zero to four to demonstrate the highs or lows of overall grades of the all-time course Moreover, GPA is used to assess if students can meet the demands and expectations which are set by the degree program or the university The variation of GPA can occur during the studying process at school and its change depends on how much they improve their overall grades

How to calculate a GPA in general as well as in AOF

Each score students achieve during the studying process, whether it’s in the numerical system, or letter-grade system, is equal to a quality point A quality point is almost always on a 4.0 scale between 0 and 4 The highest grade students can receive will correspond to the highest number on that scale For example, at the Academy of Finance, an A is the highest grade students can receive in their classes and an A grade receives 4 points

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Table 1: Grade conversion table between 10-point scale and 4-point scale (The Academy of Finance)

10 Point System GPA Equivalency

GPA is calculated by dividing the total average grade points of students by the total number of credits that they obtained over a particular session The basic formula for calculating a GPA is:

GPA = ∑

∑

There is a below clear example of calculating a GPA It is supposed that a student took three courses: Macroeconomics (2 credits), Econometrics (3 credits), and Development Economics (2 credits) Grades of a student for these courses are:

● Macroeconomics B (B is 3.0 on the GPA scale)

● Econometrics C (C is 2.0 on the GPA scale)

● Development Economics A (A is 4.0 on the GPA scale)

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If he/she multiplied the number of points that he/she attained by the number of credits per course, he/she has 6-grade points for Macroeconomics, 6 for Econometrics, and 8 for Development Economics In total, there are 20-grade points Subsequently, he/she divides this total number of grade points by the total number of credits of the courses (2+3+2=7), he/she gets a GPA that is approximately 2.86

1.2.3.2 Importance of GPA

Nowadays, most universities in Vietnam use GPA as a critical measure to help students identify their academic strengths and weaknesses in the studying process GPA and standardized test scores are also given relatively equal consideration in the application processes for most schools If some colleges don’t require standardized test scores, GPA plays an important role in students’ application For example, students can be asked to provide their GPA when:

● Applying for a scholarship

● Joining an organization or a club

● Doing any extra-curricular activities

● Applying for a graduate or postgraduate program (Master’s, Ph.D.)

Furthermore, GPA plays an important role in finding the students’ future jobs Some sectors and companies do prefer to see GPAs on resumes For example, for accounting, education, finance, health, and law sectors, GPA is a big thing They see it as a key indicator of the candidate’s competence and use it as a shortlisting tool Abdullah, a director of recruiting for a professional services giant, said that “Grades certainly do matter when we are recruiting students It’s really one of the only indications we have of a student’s technical ability or competence to do a job” (According to the Forbes)

To sum up, GPA is evidence of students’ academic achievement It will be the best and most effective evaluation criterion for students' academic performance

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1.3 The influences of Facebook on students' academic performance in previous studies

The previous studies show mixed findings of the impact of Facebook on academic performance and other education-related characteristics

On the one hand, a summary of the studies demonstrated that humans can achieve maximum efficiency in learning by using the benefits of online technology (Butcher, 2010, Kanthawongs et al., 2011, Wattanawong, 2004, Willis, 2008) As Grosse, Bran and Tiru (2011) showed the positive impacts of Facebook usage on the GPA of

students A survey of 921 students was conducted and found that 72% of students

utilized Facebook mainly for their social purposes and a variety of academic activities This more or less enhanced students' GPA when they were aware of and performed these activities, including discussing assignments, lectures, class notes, research resources

Similarly, a panel study had found that Facebook usage not only influenced the students’ learning directly, but also aided them in socializing in their respective universities, which further contributed to improved learning outcomes (Yu, Tian, Vogel, and Kwok (2010)) In addition, Pasek et al (2009) also conducted a study on 1060 students, but their analysis could not find any negative factor between GPA and Facebook use and only displayed some positive relation between these two variables

On the other hand, other researchers refuted advocates' claims when they reported that they found significant downsides between using Facebook in learning For instance, Vanden Boogart (2006) in a Master’s thesis found that academic performance deteriorates as time spent on online social networks increases Junco (2012) in a survey of 1839 university students in the northeastern United States had also shown that time

spent on Facebook was significantly and negatively associated with GPA Students

who spend more time on Facebook, they claim, spend less time studying and completing academic work This conclusion parallels a study by Hargadon (2009), who