An analysis of a suggested translation chapter 8 from the book “the early childhood curriculum” by suzanne l krogh and pamela morehouse, 2014

Education is the most powerful weapon one can use to change the world. It is humans who have used education as a magical tool to create great strides in human history, pulling us out of the dark, boring, painful, sick, and physical fatigue of manual labor and many other problems. In the recent context, when the whole of humanity is trying to find new steps and find a strong human resource in the future, above all, each country must constantly innovate, and have policies to improve the national education system. Education has created the progress of science and technology, indirectly changing the world through the training of people with superhuman brains and excellent skills. A question arises: Is it too soon for children to get acquainted with science? and the answer is “No”, because science is not only something sublime, but it has to wait until children grow up to

NGUYEN NHU QUYNH

AN ANALYSIS OF A SUGGESTED TRANSLATION CHAPTER 8 FROM THE BOOK “THE EARLY CHILDHOOD CURRICULUM” BY SUZANNE L.KROGH AND PAMELA MOREHOUSE, 2014

Major: English for Translation and Interpretation

GRADUATION PAPER (A SUMMARY)

Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A.

DA NANG – MAY 2023

Supervisor : Nguyen Thi Kim Man, M.A.

Examiner : Truong Thi Hue, M.A.

Le Thi Oanh, M.A.

Thai Trinh Thao Nguyen, M.A.

The paper will be orally defended to the dissertation board Time: 18 th May, 2023

Venue: Duy Tan University

The original of the paper is accessible for purpose of reference at:

- The Library of Duy Tan University

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationale

Education is the most powerful weapon one canuse to change the world It is humans who have usededucation as a magical tool to create great strides inhuman history, pulling us out of the dark, boring,painful, sick, and physical fatigue of manual labor andmany other problems In the recent context, when thewhole of humanity is trying to find new steps and find

a strong human resource in the future, above all, eachcountry must constantly innovate, and have policies toimprove the national education system

Education has created the progress of science andtechnology, indirectly changing the world through thetraining of people with superhuman brains andexcellent skills A question arises: Is it too soon forchildren to get acquainted with science? and theanswer is “No”, because "science" is not onlysomething sublime, but it has to wait until children

grow up to understand; but also a simple phenomenonthat appears right in front of children's eyes every day.The integrated teaching method is graduallybecoming popular and loved by students because of itspracticality and high applicability Therefore, thisteaching method has not been applied in preschool,elementary, and middle school but also in high school.Integrated teaching is a teaching perspective that aims

to develop learners' qualities and abilities so that theycan apply their acquired knowledge and skills to solvereal-life situations Therefore, science is a tool toarouse curiosity in children, thereby stimulatingcuriosity and discovery Letting children explore ontheir own not only helps children remember longer butalso helps develop their patience

And in order for children to gain usefulknowledge from a young age without imposing toomuch on them, science is the best method to helpchildren learn while playing and acquire knowledge atthe same time and soft skills are essential for future

development When something is beyond explanatory, children will ask questions Askingquestions about the unknown will help childrendevelop communication skills, exchange with people,and help them better understand themselves and theworld around them.

self-Stemming from the importance of science to thedevelopment of young children and the fact that thereare many shortcomings in the problem that very fewparents are willing to answer their children's scientificquestions they ask As well as having littleopportunity for children to have access to nature andscience, I conducted research on the topic: "Science"

1.2 Aims and Objectives

1.2.1 Aims

This graduate paper deals with the education ofchildren at an early age, and the most emphasis on thefield of science From there, helping people have adeeper look at the importance of education in generaland science in particular

In addition, this study will provide information

on integrated teaching methods for children fromkindergarten through high school Not only those whowork in the education industry but also parents canrefer to them to be able to educate their children

In addition, a completed thesis will reflect thelearning process, capacity as well as the knowledgethat I have acquired during the past 4 years

- Introducing people to more about the field ofscience education in the book.

1.3 Scope of Study

In this graduation paper, I presented a suggestedtranslation from the source language in English to thetarget language in Vietnamese of Chapter 8 of the

CURRICULUM” by “Suzanne Krogh, And PamelaMorehouse” , second edition in 2014

In addition, we want to suggest an analysis of the original version as well as the difficult words, phrases, and structures during the translation process.

1.4 Method of Study

The tools that I used in the process of makingthis graduation paper are the knowledge I have learnedand practiced during the past 4 years For myself, thisresearch work is considered a job I do as a translatorbecause I can apply all the knowledge that I have tobring the best possible translation Through that, I also

accumulated a lot of vocabulary as well as usefulinformation on educational topics.

CHAPTER 2 THEORICAL BACKGROUND

In conclusion, the process of comprehending andattempting to grasp the meaning of a text in the sourcelanguage (SL) and then translating it into the targetlanguage (TL) is called translation The translatorplays a role of a bridge allowing one language,culture, or society to communicate with another

2.1.2 Types of Translation

According to J C Catford, there are eightmethods of translation, namely full and partialtranslation, total and restricted translation,phonological translation, graphological translation andfree, literal, and word-for-word translation

2.1.2.1 Full vs Partial Translation

2.1.2.2 Total vs Restricted Translation

2.1.2.3 Rank-bound vs Unbounded Translation

as the translator translate better

2.2.1.1 Meaning

2.2.1.2 Form

2.2.1.3 Register

2.2.1.4 Idiom

2.2.1.5 Style and Clarity

2.2.1.6 Source Language Influence

2.2.2 Methods

There are eight methods of translation based onNewmark; word-for-word, literal, faithful,

semantic, adaptation, free, idiomatic, and communicative.

2.2.2.1 Word-for-word Translation2.2.2.2 Literal Translation

CHAPTER 3 SUGGESTED TRANSLATION 3.1 Original Version

3.1.1 Text Features

The book “ THE EARLY CHILDHOODCURRICULUM” has a total of 13 chapters dividedinto 3 parts I would like to choose to translate andanalyze chapter eight of the book “THE EARLYCHILDHOOD CURRICULUM” by “Suzanne Krogh,and Pamela Morehouse” , second edition in 2014 Themain content of this chapter will revolve around thefield of Science along with the integration of thecurriculum and learning on demand

3.1.2 Text Length

The book “ THE EARLY CHILDHOODCURRICULUM” includes 3 parts with 13 chapters.Because the time is limited, I just have translatedchapter 8 is “SCIENCE” of this book with nearly 4971words

3.1.3 Text Organization

The book “ THE EARLY CHILDHOODCURRICULUM” has a total of 13 chapters dividedinto 3 parts I choose Chapter 8 of this book totranslate This chapter has the name “ Science”

3.1.4 Text Source

The text “SCIENCE” is in The book “ THEEARLY CHILDHOOD CURRICULUM” The authorare Suzanne Krogh, and Pamela Morehouse, secondedition in 2014

3.2 Translated Version

The suggested translation is divided into two columns and begins from page thirteen to page forty-eight The suggested translation consists of fifty-five pages with both original version and suggested version I numbered the paragraphs from one to fifty-five

so that for the reader would be easier to follow the text meaning.

CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS 4.1 Vocabulary

4.1.1 Polysemantic

• Example 3: “At the preoperational stage,

children understand objects by physically handlingthem, turning them over to see all sides, and feelingthe differences in surface.”

[6] a stagecoach (= a large carriage pulled byhorses that was used in the past to carry passengers,and often mail, along a regular route)

In generally, the noun “stage” is often used with the meaning “sân khấu” In this case, I think the second meaning is suitable for “stage”, so I choose the meaning of the word “stage” as “giai đoạn”

according to Glosbe Dictionary

Suggested Version: Ở giai đoạn tiền thao tác, trẻ

hiểu các đồ vật bằng cách cầm vào chúng, lật chúnglại để xem tất cả các mặt và cảm nhận sự khác biệttrên bề mặt

4.1.2 Phrasal Verbs

• Exmaple 7: “Noting that the devaluing of

science education had produced a situation in whichAmerican schools no longer produced graduates

sufficiently knowledgeable to take on scientific and

technological jobs and that the populace as a wholehad become, yet again, scientifically illiterate, the

National Science Foundation (NSF) announced inearly 1989 a $50 million development project for

In this sentence, we find that the structure “take

on” has meaning as “to agree to responsible for something/somebody” (Oxford Dictionary) That’s

mean “gánh vác/ đảm nhận” in Glosbe Từ Điển so I

choose the equivalent meaning in Vietnamese as

“đảm nhận”.

Usually, "take over" is the most common phrasal verb when people mean the phrase "đảm nhận" But here, I also found a phrasal verb that also means "đảm

nhận” is “take on”.

Suggested Version: Lưu ý rằng việc giảm giá trị

của giáo dục khoa học đã tạo ra một tình huống trong

đó các trường học ở Mỹ từ lâu đã không còn đào tạo

ra những sinh viên tốt nghiệp có đủ kiến thức để đảm

nhận các công việc khoa học, công nghệ và toàn bộ

dân số một lần nữa trở nên mù chữ về khoa học, QuỹKhoa học Quốc gia (NSF) ) đã công bố vào đầu năm

1989 một dự án phát triển trị giá 50 triệu đô-la chogiáo dục tiểu học.

 Example 5: “One major intent of the project was to

move away from text-oriented, read-and-recite

learning; another was to integrate science with other

curricular areas.”

[P.17, L.19 – L.23]

In the above sentence, two independent clauses

are joined by a semicolon “;”

- The first clause is

One major intent of the project was

S V

to move away from text-oriented, read-and-recite learning

C

- The secone clause is

Another was to integrate science with other curricular areas

S V C

Suggested Version: Một mục đích chính của

dự án là loại bỏ việc học tập theo định hướng văn bản,đọc và đọc thuộc lòng; mục đích khác là tích hợp khoahọc với các lĩnh vực ngoại khóa khác

4.2.3 Complex Sentence

4.2.3.1 Complex Sentences with Adverbial Clause

 Example 9: “Although they can see varying

viewpoints and physical relationships, they have ahard time theorizing about possibilities.”

[P.29, L.3-L.6]

These sentence uses the subordinating conjuntion

“Although” to join two clauses and I analyze as

- “Although” conjunction is used in concession

clauses

The structure used in this sentence is:

Although + S + V + O, S + V + O + C Suggested Version: Mặc dù chúng có thể quan

sát thấy nhiều góc nhìn và mối quan hệ thể chất khác

nhau, nhưng gặp khó khăn trong việc đưa ra giả

thuyết về các khả năng

4.2.3.2 Complex Sentence with Adjective Clause (or Relative Clause)

 Example 6: “The story has been told (Forman &

Kuschner, 1983) of a teacher who showed a

four-year-old boy a caterpillar and an anesthetized butterfly.”

[P.42,L.10-L.14]

This complex sentence has two clauses:

- The independent clause is:

The story has been told (Forman & Kuschner, 1983) of a teache r

a four-year-old boy a caterpillar and an anesthetized butterfly.

O OThis relative clause provides information about theperson mentioned in the main sentence, and is

connected to the main sentence by the word "who".

In the sentences above, "who" beginning the relative clause “who showed a four-year-old boy a

caterpillar and an anesthetized butterfly.” is used to

refer to the object "a teacher" mentioned in the

previous sentence It helps readers or listeners easilyassociate and understand the information in the text

Besides, the best translation for "a teacher who

showed a four-year-old boy" would be “người giáo viên người mà cho một cậu bé 4 tuổi xem" To make

the sentence more natural, I chose to translate version

"người giáo viên đã cho một cậu bé 4 tuổi xem".

Suggested Version: Câu chuyện đã được kể

(Forman & Kuschner, 1983) về một giáo viên đã cho

một cậu bé bốn tuổi xem một con sâu bướm và một

con bướm đã được gây mê

4.2.2.3 Complex Sentence with Noun Clause

 Example 13: “How children look at concrete

objects is an important place to begin.”

with the word “how”.

"An important place to begin" is a noun phrase

that acts as complement in a sentence

Suggested Version: Cách trẻ em nhìn vào các đồ

vật cụ thể như thế nào là một nơi quan trọng để bắt đầu

4.2.4 Compound-Complex Sentence

 Example 17: “Science education took a backseat

to study about human rights, and, in 1976, when the

National Science Foundation studied the status of science education in the United States, it was found that study of science in the elementary schools had

- In object 2, we can analyze as follows:

The word “that” is used to begin the noun clause:

study of science in the elementary schools had virtually disappeared

S2 V2

- Dependent clause: “when the National Science

Foundation studied the status of science education

in the United States”

- The subordinator "when" joins 2 clauses that are independent clause 2 and dependent clause,

"and" to join the two independent clauses

Additionally, it includes a dependent clause that starts

with a subordinating conjunction "when" to provide

additional information about the second independent clause.

Suggested Version: Giáo dục khoa học nhường

chỗ cho việc nghiên cứu về quyền con người, và vào

năm 1976, khi Quỹ Khoa học Quốc gia nghiên cứu

tình trạng giáo dục khoa học ở Hoa Kỳ, người ta thấy rằng nghiên cứu khoa học ở các trường tiểu học hầu như đã biến mất

4.2.5 Passive Voice

 Example 18: “For the next 20 years, with funds

provided by the federal government, projects were

instituted ranging from course development to

graduate degrees for science teachers.”

[P.15,L.17-L.21]

The passive form of this sentence is:

WAS/WERE + PAST PARTICIPLE Suggested Version: Trong 20 năm tiếp theo, với

kinh phí do chính phủ liên bang cung cấp, các dự án

đã được thiết lập từ phát triển khóa học đến cấp bằng

tốt nghiệp cho giáo viên khoa học

4.2.6 Special Structure

4.2.6.1 Sentences with Dummy Subject “It”

 Example 22: “It is important to point out that

during the late 1700s education was primarily forthose who could afford to pay for it.”

The real subject of the sentence is the clause

"education was primarily for those who could

afford to pay for it"

The use of "it" in this case is a common way to

introduce a clause and emphasize the importance ofthe following idea

Suggested Version: Điều quan trọng cần chỉ ra là

vào cuối những năm 1700, giáo dục chủ yếu dành cho những người có đủ khả năng chi trả cho nó