THE ANALYSIS OF a SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF THE BOOK THE CULTURE INDUSTRY” BY THEODOR w ADORNO

DU ON G TH I TU HA NG TH E AN AL YS IS OF A SU GG ES TE D TR AN SL AT IO N OF TH E TH E BO OK " TH E CU LT UR E IIN DU ST RY " MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES GRADUATION PAPER DUONG THI TU HANG THE ANALYSIS OF A SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF THE BOOK " THE CULTURE INDUSTRY” BY THEODOR W.ADORNO Code :K21.701 Course :2015 - 2019 DA NANG – December 2019 Ghi chú: Bìa ngồi Ghi chú: Bìa MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES GRADUATION PAPER DUONG THI TU HANG THE ANALYSIS OF A SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF THE BOOK " THE CULTURE INDUSTRY” BY THEODOR W.ADORNO Code :K21.701 Course :2015 – 2019 SUPERVISOR: NGUYEN THI BICH GIANG DA NANG – December 2019 Dept of Foreign Languages Graduation Paper ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This graduation paper could not be finished without the invaluable help, advice, and encouragement of many people I wish to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to those who cared and helped me during the time of writing this graduation paper First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor – Mrs Nguyen Thi Bich Giang for her poignant remarks, detailed critical comments, and useful advices for me during the period of my graduation paper Secondly, I wish to express my gratitude to all teachers at Foreign Language Department of Duy Tan University who taught me useful knowledge and created such an amazing environment for me to study and develop At last, I wish all of you good health, success and happiness Yours sincerely! Duong Thi Tu Hang Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages Graduation Paper STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in the whole or in part from a thesis by which have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution DaNang, December st 2019 DUONG THI TU HANG Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages Graduation Paper ABSTRACT This graduation paper is a suggested translation of Chapter VIII from the book “The Culture Industry (2nd EDITION )” by Theodor W.Adorno, 2001 Firstly, I give a general introduction about the reasons for choosing the topic and give aims, objectives Secondly, I translated English version of the text into Vietnamese version Then, the analysis of vocabulary and structures retrieved from the text is needed to clarify the key terms as well as complicated structures when translating a text related to the culture topic Thirdly, I present some difficulties when translating culture text in particular or any kind of English texts in general Besides, I give some effective solutions to help student translate better at the end of this study Finally, further researches are suggested for those who are in favor of this topic to go on perfecting this research Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages Graduation Paper ABBREVIATIONS TL: Target Language SL: Source Language P: Paragraph NCTM: The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages Graduation Paper TABLE OF CONTENTS Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages Graduation Paper PART A: INTRODUCTION RATIONALE In modern soceity, culture is one of the important part in the life The culture industry is therefore a phenomenon of modern capitalism, which produces almost all forms of light entertainment in order to satisfy the needs of the general consumer Culture industry is consumed by most individuals through commercial channels This is to say that generally we no longer receive our cultural entertainment or artifacts through attending an opera or watching a live play It is far more common that we receive our cultural products through corporations or businesses that manufacture these products in a similar fashion as to how physical objects such as chairs and tables are produced I am very interested in culture topic, so I want to find a book about culture industry for my graduation paper The book “The Culture Industry” attracted me because of its title This book presents a variety of sides about the culture industry presents an organized freedom for people and it is accepted by the consumers willingly and claims that the integration between free time and the consciousness has not come true yetteaching methods for children as well as stories related to each topic I like the most is the free time topic I think that in free time we can express and enjoy our individual hobbies Therefore, I decided to choose chapter VIII from the book “The Culture Industry” to research for my graduation paper Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages Graduation Paper AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 2.1 Aims Translating Chapter VIII from the Book " The Culture Industry " 2nd EDITION)” will help people better understand about culture industry Besides, I can improve and practice my own translation skills and broaden knowledge in the field of culture 2.2 Objectives After graduation paper, I can consolidate my knowledge and deeply understand about translation ways to apply it in other translation texts Besides, I can enhance my translation skills such as structural analysis, vocabulary as well as understanding context of the text SCOPE OF THE STUDY I focus my ability on translating Chapter VIII from the book from the Book " The Culture Industry "(2nd EDITION) by Theodor W.Adorno, 2001 3.1 Text Features The concepts of “free time and leisure time” and the terms of “hobbies and interests” have become an irreplaceable and an essential parts of our daily lives and found a permanent place in our dialogues recently Based upon the notion of free time, Theodor Wiesengrund Adorno, who is a German philosopher, sociologist, psychologist, musicologist, and a leading member of The Institute for Social Research or Frankfurt School which is established at The University of Frankfurt, brings a new perspective to our understanding of the terms such as free time, freedom, boredom etc from his anti-capitalist worldview through his widely accepted essay, “Free Time” essentially Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 10 Graduation Paper The chapter that I choose to translate is chapter VIII “Freetime” presents about the culture industry presents an organized freedom for people and it is accepted by the consumers willingly and claims that the integration between free time and the consciousness has not come true yet And this chapter has the opinion that if social contradictions not diminish, free time and the consciousness never integrate Theodor Adrono finally holds that maturity may be the means to reach not “free time” but “freedom” 3.2 Text Length I only choose Chapter VIII “Free time” The translated text has 3600 words, including 64 paragraphs 3.3 Text Organization “The Culture Industry” book has chapters, and I choose Chapter VIII to translate This chapter has the name: “Freetime” 3.4 Text Source “The Culture Industry” book was written by by Theodor W.Adorno,2001 METHOD OF THE STUDY During the past years, I have been equipped with many skills and learned much useful knowledge Through this graduation paper, I can apply my knowledge to the translation process I have accumulated many vocabularies on education topic as well as how to apply the translation methods when translating this graduation paper Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 42 Graduation Paper trained into modes of behaviour which, sublimated to a greater or lesser degree, are required of them by the work process “ [Page 21, P44] “When I looked up this idiom in Cambridge Dictionary, the idiom “springs to mind” means: “to come quickly into your mind “Hence, I translated this idiom as “nảy đầu” I think that meaning is appropriate to the content of this sentence My suggested version as follows: “Tuy nhiên, có giả thuyết số giả thuyết khác nảy đầu; cụ thể là, nỗ lực thể chất thể xác tham gia môn thể thao, chức thể hoạt động đồng đều, điều thú vị ngành cơng nghiệp giải trí diễn mơn thể thao phổ biến nhất, người vơ tình đào tạo phương thức ứng xử yêu cầu trình làm việc mức độ cao thấp hơn” 3.2 Structures When we translate English version into Vietnamese version, we have to analyze sentence structures like grammar, sentence types and difficult phrases Besides, we analyze the component parts of sentence to understand exactly the meaning of the sentence For complex structures or long sentences, we can re-arrange words orders or sentences orders to help readers understand our text easily Structures play an important role in the meaning of the sentence, so we have to analyze it correctly and in accordance with the context of the text During the translating process, there have been many difficult sentences which turned out to be a big setback to me I analyzed that sentences as follows: 3.2.1 Compound Sentences Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 43 Graduation Paper A compound sentence contains at least independent clauses These clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon A coordinating conjunction is a word that glues words, phrases, or clauses together There are of coordinating conjunction: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so  Example 1: “On the one hand one should pay attention at work and not be free time distracted or lark about; wage labour is predicated on this assumption and its laws have been internalized.” [Page 18, P16] There are two independent clauses in this sentence - The first independent clause: “On the one hand one should pay attention at work and not be free time distracted or lark about” - The second independent clause: “wage labour is predicated on this assumption and its laws have been internalized” Two clauses are joined by a semicolon between them My suggested version as follows: “Một mặt, người ta nên ý cơng việc khơng nên có thời gian rảnh rỗi khiến cho công việc bị xao lãng; tiền công lao động xác định dựa giả định quy định điều lĩnh hội.”  Example 2: “In America only the really wealthy can afford to keep servants, and Europe is following close behind.” [Page 26, P37] This sentence has two independent clauses; they are joined by a coordinator “and” - The first independent clause: “In America only the really wealthy can afford to keep servants” Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages - 44 Graduation Paper The second independent clause: “Europe is following close behind” My suggested version as follows: “Ở Mỹ, người thực giàu có chi trả cho việc thuê người hầu, Châu Âu theo sát phía sau.” 3.2.2 Complex sentences A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses A dependent clause starts with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought Some common subordinating conjunctions: after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while, and relative pronouns: that, which, who, whom, whose 3.2.2.1 Complex sentences with Advervial clause  Example 1: “I am shocked by the question when I come up against it.” [Page 17, P10] In this sentence: “I am shocked by the question” is an independent clause “when I come up against it” is a dependent clause This sentence used the conjunction “when” to join two clauses My suggested version as follows: “Tôi sững sốt trước câu hỏi mà gặp phải.”  Example 2: “ Boredom is a function of life which is lived under the compulsion to work, and under the strict division of labour.” [P22, P25] - The dependent clause is “Boredom is a function of life” Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 45 Graduation Paper - The independent clause is “which is lived under the compulsion to - work, and under the strict division of labou.” This sentence used the conjunction “which” to join two clauses My suggested version as follows: “ Chán nản phần sống mà làm việc bắt buộc phân loại tầng lớp lao động khắc nghiệt.” 3.2.2.2 Complex Sentences with Relative Clauses A relative clause, also called an adjective clause, modifies a noun A relative clause can modify any nouns in the sentence: a subject, an object, or an object of a preposition A relative clause begins with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, that, where, when, why) Sometimes the pronoun can be omitted There are two types of relative clause: a) Defining Relative Clause Defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses) give essential information to define or identify the person or thing we are talking about Defining relative clauses are not put in commas b) Non-Defining Relative Clause Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-identifying relative clauses or non-restrictive relative clauses) tell us more about someone or something, but the information in these clauses does not help us to define what we are talking about Non-defining relative clauses are put in commas  Example 1: “And this expansion should increase still further, due to inventions in the fields of automation and atomic power, which have not yet been anywhere like fully exploited.” [Page 14, P7] Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 46 Graduation Paper In this sentence: “this expansion should increase still further” is an independent clause The relative clause “which have not yet been anywhere like fully exploited.” modifies noun phrase “the fields of automation and atomic power” This relative clause is separated from the main clause by a comma, so this is a non-restrictive clause My suggested version as follows: “Và mở rộng tăng nhờ phát minh lĩnh vực tự động hóa lượng nguyên tử chưa khai thác triệt để.”  Example 2: “ This superfluousness makes known the inferior quality of the product, which in turn vitiates any pleasure taken in its production.” [Page 26, P36] - The dependent clause is “This superfluousness makes known the - inferior quality of the product” The independent clause is “which in turn vitiates any pleasure taken in its production.” The relative clause “which in turn vitiates any pleasure taken in its production.” modifies noun phrase “quality of the product” This relative clause is separated from the main clause by a comma, so this is a nonrestrictive clause My suggested version as follows: “Sự dư thừa làm cho chất lượng sản phẩm hơn, từ làm giảm giá trị q trình sản xuất.”  Example 3: Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 47 Graduation Paper “William Tell, the obnoxious paradigm of absolute individuality, proclaimed that the household axe spared the need for the carpenter – indeed a whole ontology of bourgeois consciousness could be compiled from Schiller’s maxims.” [Page 28, P41] In this sentence, the reduced relative clause: “the obnoxious paradigm of absolute individuality, proclaimed that the household axe spared the need for the carpenter – indeed a whole ontology of bourgeois consciousness could be compiled from Schiller’s maxims” modifies the pronoun “William Tell” (omitted the relative pronoun) The source clause is: “William Tell, who is the obnoxious paradigm of absolute individuality, proclaimed that the household axe spared the need for the carpenter – indeed a whole ontology of bourgeois consciousness could be compiled from Schiller’s maxims” This is the recommended translation for this sentence: “William Tell - người tạo mơ hình khơng lịng chủ nghĩa cá nhân tuyệt đối, tun bố có rìu nhà khơng cần đến thợ mộc - thực toàn thể luận ý thức tư sản tổng hợp từ câu châm ngôn Schiller.” 3.2.2.3 Complex Sentences with Noun Clauses A noun clause serves the purpose of a noun That means it can be the subject or object of a verb It can also be the object of a preposition A noun clause is a kind of subordinate clause It is usually introduced by the conjunction that It can also be introduced by other conjunctions like if, whether, who, where, when, what etc  Example 1: Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 48 Graduation Paper “The reason why people can actually so little with their free time is that the truncation of their imagination deprives them of the faculty which made the state of freedom pleasurable in the first place.” [Page 24, P31] There are two noun clauses in this sentence - The first noun clause: “that the truncation of their imagination deprives them of the faculty” is complement of the verb “is” - The relative clause: “which made the state of freedom pleasurable in the first place.” is complement of the verb “deprives” My suggested version as follows: “Lý người thực làm với thời gian rảnh rỗi họ việc thiếu hụt trí tưởng tượng họ làm cản trở hoạt động họ, khiến cho trạng thái tự trở nên dễ chịu lúc ban đầu.”  Example 2: “The accepted reason for playing sport is that it makes believe that fitness itself is the sole, independent end of sport: whereas fitness for work is certainly one of the covert ends of sport.” [Page 30, P45] There are two noun clauses in this sentence - The first noun clause: “that it makes believe that fitness itself is the sole, independent end of sport” - The second noun clause: “fitness for work is certainly one of the covert ends of sport.” These two clauses are used as a direct object of the main verb “is” My suggested version as follows: Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 49 Graduation Paper “Lý chấp nhận để chơi thể thao mục đích độc lập nó: tập luyện để khỏe mạnh cơng việc chắn mục đích khác ẩn dấu thể thao.” 3.2.3 Compound-Complex Sentences A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause  Example 1: “The industry alone could not have forced people to purchase its tents and dormobiles, plus huge quantities of extra equipment, if there had not already been some longing in people themselves; but their own need for freedom gets functionalized, the culture industry extended and reproduced by business; what they want is forced upon them once again.” [Page 21, P23] There are two independent clauses in this sentence - The first independent clause: “The industry alone could not have forced people to purchase its tents and dormobiles, plus huge quantities of extra equipment” - The second independent clause: “the culture industry extended and reproduced by business; what they want is forced upon them once again” - The first dependent clause is “if there had not already been some - longing in people themselves;” The second independent clause is “their own need for freedom gets functionalized” Following is the suggested translation for the whole sentence: “Hoạt động buộc người mua lều chỗ riêng mình, thêm với số lượng lớn thiết bị hỗ trợ thân họ khơng có ý muốn làm việc đó; nhu cầu tự họ dậy, hoạt động giải trí Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 50 Graduation Paper mở rộng phát triển doanh nghiệp; họ muốn thúc đẩy phát triển hoạt động lần nữa.”  Example 2: “I shall refrain from spelling out the consequences; but I think that we can here glimpse a chance of maturity (Mündigkeit), which might just eventually help to turn free time into freedom proper.” [Page 36, P64] There are two independent clauses and one dependent clause in this sentence - The first independent clause: “I shall refrain from spelling out the consequences” - The second independent clause: " I think that we can here glimpse a chance of maturity (Mündigkeit)” - The dependent clause is “which might just eventually help to turn free time into freedom proper.” Following is the suggested translation for the whole sentence: “Tôi không tránh hệ quả; tơi nghĩ thoáng thấy hội để trưởng thành (Mündigkeit), điều cuối giúp biến thời gian rảnh rỗi thành tự thích đáng.” Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 51 Graduation Paper CHAPTER 4: DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS 4.1 Difficulties During the time of writing graduation paper, I have received the enthusiastic support and assistance of many people to complete this graduation paper, especially my supervisor – Mrs Nguyen Thi Bich Giang Through this project, this is an opportunity for me to apply the knowledge gained at university to this study I have accumulated a lot of knowledge as well as improved my translation skills However, I still faced some difficulties during the translating process Firstly, I did not have enough specialized knowledge, so I spent much time finding out and reading the related document about that topic to translate the text better Secondly, I had some difficulties in translating mathematics terms, idioms as well as multiple words There are many vocabularies and in this paper which are not defined in any dictionaries; therefore, I have to read and understand the content of the text to choose words that suit the context of the sentence Thirdly, sentence structures are really a challenge for me There are some hard structures made me so confused I can not determine the type of sentence clearly, so I take much time to analyze and translate it Finally, I think vocabularies and sentence structures are main problems that made me confused However, I make every effort to translate this version clearly and briefly This helps readers to better understand the content of the text Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 52 Graduation Paper 4.2 Solutions After finishing this graduation paper, I have gained much useful experience and knowledge as well as found some ways to overcome my difficulties There were many solutions contributing to my success in this graduation paper Firstly, When I began to translate, I read through the entire version to understand how to express the author's ideas and style as well as grasp the main idea of the text to choose the appropriate translation Besides, I underlined difficult words, phrases, idioms Secondly, I found out and read the related documents about education topic, which were translated into Vietnamese Thus, translating will be easy and the words in the version are also more accurate Thirdly, while translating, I identified the types of sentences to translate and understand the meaning correctly For sentences with many clauses, I sometimes re-arranged words order, as well as sentences order to make it easier for readers to understand Besides, I used many different dictionaries such as: Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, Cambridge Dictionary, Globse dictionary… to look up difficult words, phrases This helped me choose the meaning that suits the context of the sentence For words that have no meaning in the dictionary, I based on a few key words in the sentence and guessed meaning of that word and translated it in the context of the sentence At last, I read the whole text again to find unstable issues in each paragraph and translated based on experience and goals of the version Besides, I received a lot of enthusiastic guidance and useful advices from supervisor, so my graduation paper becomes better Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 53 Graduation Paper PART C: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS Summary of the findings After completing the graduation project, I have gained a lot of useful knowledge and practiced my translation skills I have known how to select and apply translation methods into my translation text During the translation process, when I came across new words, difficult phrases, I guessed the meaning and then looked them up in the different dictionaries, so I could learn more other uses of these words Besides, I learned many idioms as well as their usages Sentence structures are also one of the factors that caused difficult for me during the process of translating Therefore, I spent much time analyzing and review difficult structures It helped me improve some advanced grammar structures and translating skills Thanks to my supervisor- Mrs Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, who has guided me enthusiastically and she also have given me so many helpful explanations about what I don’t understand I have gained a lot of useful advices and learned how to express sentences more fluently and consistent with the style of Vietnamese people I think graduation paper is a good opportunity for students to study, apply the knowledge gained into translated version and accumulate valuable experience for later work Suggestions After finishing the graduation paper, I would like to contribute some of my suggestions to Foreign Languages Department I hope that my ideas will be helpful to my university First of all, foreign languages department should create favorable Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 54 Graduation Paper conditions for students to practice their skills and improve language skills For example, the department should open more classes on translation skills Secondly, Subjects like: Translation and 2, Translated Theory, Advanced Grammar, Syntax, Interpretation and must have more lessons about different topics to enhance translation ability and broaden knowledge for students Thirdly, I think the foreign languages department should propose some subjects such PBL 496 (Project-Based learning) to students to help them understand deeply and practice their translation skills better This will help students have more experiences and master their skills better before writing their graduation paper Finally, I think the faculty should open more self-study classes such as reading more materials, doing homework in class, etc This will help students become more aware of their learning I think it can be an effectively way to improve their skills Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 55 Graduation Paper REFERENCES BOOKS Newmark, Peter (1988), A Textbook of Translation, PrenticeHall J.C Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, 1965: P20, Oxford University Press Nguyen Manh Quang (2011), Translation Theory, Department of Foreign Languages, Duy TanUniversity Alan Duff, Translation, (1989), Oxford University Press, Oxford WEBSITES https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 Dept of Foreign Languages 56 Graduation Paper SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Giang, M.A Duong Thi Tu Hang_2120317824 ... partial translation, total and restricted translation, phonological translation, graphological translation and free, literal, and wordfor- word translation 1.2.1 Full and Partial Translation This... word Translation A “free” translation is always unbounded while “word-for-word” translation generally means what it says “Literal” translation lies between these extremes It may start from a “word-for-word”... B? ?a MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES GRADUATION PAPER DUONG THI TU HANG THE ANALYSIS OF A SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF THE BOOK " THE CULTURE INDUSTRY”