Thực hành biên dịch

OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH SENTENCES

The Verb in this pattern is always be or a Verb related to be such as appear, become, look, seem, sound and taste, etc (perception Verbs)

- an adjective: He is smart

- a noun: My oldest brother is a worker

- an adjective + noun: His father is a nice singer

- an adverb of place or time: The seminar is there / at 4.30

- a prepositional phrase: like my mother

My brother likes that film

That company sells agricultural products

The direct object may take a variety of forms, such as:

- a noun: We bought the book in that bookstore

- a pronoun: I met her in the school-yard

- a reflexive pronoun: They enjoyed themselves dancing in that bar

- an infinitive: The students want to relax now

- an -ing form: My dad loves reading novels

1.4 Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object

The teacher gave the students good marks

He sent me a nice present

The indirect object always follows the verb and usually refers to a person

The direct object can come after the verb if we wish to emphasize it In this case, the indirect object is replaced by a prepositional phrase beginning with to or for

My mom bought a nice skirt for me on my last birthday

Please give this small gift to your sister

If the direct object is a pronoun (it or them), it normally comes immediately after the verb

However, if both direct object and indirect object are pronouns, some verbs, such as, bring, buy, fetch, give, hand, pass, send, show and teach can be used as follows, particularly in everyday speech:

Give me it (more common)

I find it difficult to study translation

They appointed him chairman (He was appointed chairman.)

Simple sentences usually contain one subject and one verb

Sometimes simple sentences can contain more than one subject or verb

We traveled throughout the USA and ended our trip in August

Brazil and the USA are large countries

Compound sentences are usually made up of two simple sentences (or indepentdent clauses)

Compound sentences usually use a coordinating conjunction (connector) to combine the two sentences

The coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS, for short to remember) are:

- for Mary studied hard for she wanted to pass the test

- and Mary studied hard, and her classmates did, too

- nor Mary study hard, nor did she pass the test

- but Mary studied hard, but her sister study at all

- or Mary studied hard, or she would have failed the test

- yet Mary studied hard, yet she was not happy with her grade

- so Mary studied hard, so the test was easy for her

Complex sentences are made up of two parts

Complex sentences contain one independent clause and, at least, one dependent clause In most complex sentences, the dependent clause is an adverb clause which begins with subordinating conjunctions, including: while, although, after, because, if, and before

After the President gave his speech, he answered most of the questions

Remember that unlike coordinating conjunctions, which join two independent clauses but are not part of either clause, subordinating conjunctions are actually part of the dependent clauses

Peter played football after Mary watched TV

There are at least two main clauses and one subordinate clause in this kind

There were shouts in the street and before I knew what was happening, the firework had ended.

OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH TENSES

Does she study it? am/is/are + V-ing + I am working

Is she working? have/has + p.p + I have done it

Has she done it? have/has been + V-ing + I have been/She has been living here for

- I been/She been living here for 12 years

? Have you been/Has she been living here for 12 years?

? Did you come here at 2?

Did she play tennis? was/were + V-ing + She was eating

Were you doing it? had + p.p + They had eaten it

? Had they eaten it? had been + V-ing + She had been waiting for you for hours

- She been waiting for you for hours

? Had she been waiting for you for hours? will + V

? Will she buy it? will be + V-ing + be having dinner at this time tomorrow

- I be having dinner at this time tomorrow

? Will you be having dinner at this time tomorrow? will +have + p.p + He will have finished it by the end of this month

- He have finished it by the end of this month

? Will he have finished it by the end of this month? will have been + V-ing + I will have been working here for 15 years by next week

- I have been working here for 15 years by next week

? Will you have been working here for 15 years by next week?

3 There are also two more tenses in English

The future am/is/are going to + V - predictions (immediate future (the feeling of certainty))

- intentions, plans (in informal style)

- remote future activities (less common and generally requires a time reference)

- what we have already decided to do, what we intend to do in the future

- in place of the present continuous

- We use was / were going to to say what someone intended to do in the past (but do)

The future-in-the past - was going to

- was on the point of

- events which were planned to take place and which did take place

- an outcome that could not be foreseen

- events which were hindered or prevented but)

- in narrative to describe that were destined to

4 Some notes on the usage of tenses

4.1 Use the present tenses (simple present or present perfect) if the clause

(adverbial clauses of time) begins with as soon as, till, until, before, after, at the moment (with sign), the next time, when and if (1 st conditional sentence)

I promise I will call you as soon as I have any news will have any happens in the future)

4.2 Use the present continuous tense with today, these days, this week/month/semester (around the time of speaking)

Today is Sunday My children are relaxing in the garden

4.3 Use the past continuous if we have definite time of past actions

Otherwise, use the past simple

What were you doing at 8 am yesterday?

What did you do yesterday?

4.4 Use the past continuous for the longer action and simple past for the shorter one (The shorter action interrupted the longer one.)

Tom was reading with the when I called him

I was watching TV when the light went out

4.5 Use the past continuous for two actions which were happening at the same time in the past

My mother was cooking dinner while I was reading my favorite novel

4.6 Use while with the past continuous and when with the past simple

He visited me while he was working in the USA

I was watching a new CD when the phone rang

4.7 Use the simple past for past series of actions

She got out of the car, walked round to the back and opened the boot

4.8 Use the past perfect for actions which happened before another past action

They had finished their homework before their mother arrived home

4.9 Use will for a decision which is made at the time of speaking

Mary: Those bags look heavy

Peter: I will carry one of them for you

(NOT: I am going to (Peter wants to help Mary when Mary not what he intended before.) 4.10 Use the (present / past perfect) continuous tense when we want to focus on the length of time

David was playing tennis When his father arrived, he had been playing for 2 hours

My daughter has been looking for you since yesterday present perfect tense: How much / many present perfect continuous: How long

4.11 Present continuous (with a future reference) and the going to future having breakfast with my boss tomorrow

= going to have breakfast with my boss tomorrow 4.12 We use verbs like intend to, plan to, propose to, rather than going to if we want to be precise about intentions and plans

They are going to build a new motorway to the west (vague)

They propose to build a new motorway to the west

(more precise) 4.13 We normally use the present continuous with go and come instead of the going to future going / coming home early this evening

4.14 We do not normally use will after if to make predictions, but we can use be going to to express an intention

If e going to join us, wait for you

4.15 be going to can often be used in the main clause as well

If you invite Peter, going to be trouble

4.16 We use going to when we say what we think will happen Usually there is something in the present situation that makes the speaker sure about what will happen

I feel terrible I think going to be sick

(The speaker mean that he intends to be sick.)

4.17 Use the simple, not the continuous tenses with these following verbs

COMMON STATIVE VERBS emotions and attitudes senses and sensations / perceptions knowledge / mental states and beliefs possession and relationships descriptions / appearance and measurements admire adore appreciate care desire detest dislike despise doubt envy fear hate like love mind miss need prefer regret respect trust want ache burn feel hear hurt itch notice observe perceive see smell sound sting taste agree assume believe consider disagree disbelieve estimate expect feel (= think) feel (= believe) find (= believe) forget guess hesitate hope imagine know mean mind notice presume realize recognize remember see (=understand) suppose suspect think (= believe) understand wonder belong consist of contain depend on have include own possess appear be cost equal look (like) measure represent resemble seem signify sound (like) taste weigh

Some verbs are considered as both stative and action verbs Here are some: THINK I think he is very intelligent (stative V.)

What are you thinking about? (action V.)

TASTE This tastes awful! (stative V.)

He is tasting the soup (action V.)

TRANSLATION PRACTICE

FAMILY BACKGROUND

By the end of this unit, students will be able to:

- know and identify some common terms and grammatical structures used in different kinds of documents;

- understand the use of different terms and grammatical structures used in different kinds of documents;

- know and identify some techniques in translating from English into Vietnamese and vice versa; and how to use them when translating; and

- translate different formal English terms and grammatical structures into Vietnamese, and vice versa

A family with a full-time dad has many benefits If a wife is a career woman, her husband can take some family responsibilities off her shoulders, thereby allowing her to compete more successful in the workplace The men share in the joy of participating in their day-to-day experiences Differences in parenting styles between men and women are also believed to contribute to well-being Studies suggest that a strong paternal presence encourages greater curiosity, higher self-esteem and better emotional balance in the child Societies with strong family units also report lower juvenile crime rates and lower rates of teen pregnancy

- full-time job / part-time job / flexi job

- allow sb to do sth

- take some family responsibilities off her shoulders

- encourage sb to do sth

- grandmother (grandma) / grandfather (grandpa) / grandparents

- father (familiarly called: dad) / mother (familiarly called: mum) / parent / parents

- uncle / aunt / nephew / niece / cousin

- stepfather / stepmother / stepson / stepdaughter / stepbrother / stepsister

- mother-in-law / father-in-law / son-in-law / daughter-in-law / sister-in-law / brother-in-law

2 OTHER RELATED WORDS TO FAMILY

- loving family / close-knit family

- to give the baby up for adoption

1 Family means no one gets left behind or forgotten all the time always considered as the smallest Unit of the Society

2 A love for her child is one of the most wonderful and beautiful things that ever known

3 My parents devoted all their time to raise us up, a big family with 6 children Luckily, all of us now are getting big success in life

4 Lately, more fathers stay at home and take care of their children while mothers go out to work and become the breadwinners in their families

5 The implication is that the married couple and the nuclear family are the ideal forms of societal organization and reproduction

6 of your family today and every day thereafter, let the busy world of today keep you from showing how much you love and appreciate your

7 Experts have already warned that the drug is not suitable for children and adolescents due to an increased risk of making people suicidal

8 Carrying life coverage means that your dependents will be able to support themselves even if you are not alive anymore to provide for them

9 Families are the compass that guide us They are the inspiration to reach great heights, and our comfort when we occasionally falter (Brad Henry)

10 Parents should know their role in the formative years of their children because their children have to bring these treasures into their lifetime careers

11 Child development is influenced by wider networks of social support, including extended family, friends and any community, cultural or religious groups a child may be part of

12 Overprotective parents envision fear in most situations, and by putting this fear on their children, they are creating fear filled, anxious, emotionally immature children

13 Good family relationships help your children feel secure and loved They help you feel good too You can build good relationships in your family with quality time, communication, teamwork and appreciation

14 anger your parents in order to please other people Those other people did not spend their lives building yours (Unknown)

15 No family is perfect, and that is a fact But, whether the family we were born into or the family chosen to spend our lives with, they are undeniably important to us despite the dysfunction

1 Con cái nuôi cha là không c, câu ca dao: nuôi con lai láng con nuôi Cha tính tháng tính

2 gia duy trì tình mà không có phúc vì là ng vì con cái, không chính là gây cho con cái sau

3 Cách hành cha vai trò quan trong hình thành nhân cách con , và theo con cái

4 Có không c cãi Gia là trong giáo con

5 tinh trong ng gia thân khi nên em

6 gia là nguyên nhân gia các phát

7 áo khi là nguyên nhân tan gia là trong khó kinh

8 khi gia do trong suy và hành

9 em cho là không chúng; chúng chính là do kinh mà chúng có

10 gia xem là gia phúc khi có con cái thành theo nghiên nhóm viên

Khoa Xã và Nhân TP.HCM

11 Gia là và tình yêu không bao thúc là món quà là là bình yên con

12 có mái gia mà tràn tình yêu tuy nhiên không ai có phúc

13 Tình gia có giúp con qua khó thách trong Nó là cho ta an tin, hi qua khó cách dàng

14 Khi nên có vài luôn bên mà không do - chính là gia

15 gia không là trong phúc mà còn là nuôi ng tâm a giúp chúng hoàn thân duy nhân cách

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

Pollution is the degradation of natural environment by external substances introduced directly or indirectly Human health, ecosystem quality and aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity may be affected and altered permanently by pollution

Pollution occurs when ecosystems cannot get rid of substances introduced into the environment The critical threshold of its ability to naturally eliminate substances is compromised and the balance of the ecosystem is broken

The sources of pollution are numerous The identification of these different pollutants and their effects on ecosystems is complex They can come from natural disasters or the result of human activity, such as oil spills, chemical spills, nuclear

These can have terrible consequences on people and the planet where they live: destruction of the biodiversity, increased mortality of the human and animal species, destruction of natural habitat, damage caused to the quality of soil, water and

1 Toxic waste should be handled with special precautions and disposed of in designated facilities, which charge for their services

2 Human can be affected by marine pollution; it can make us sick if we swim at or eat seafood from a beach with certain types of marine pollution

3 The research made some startling observations and developed some key insights to the understanding of why land degradation and desertification occur

4 Vietnam, Myanmar and the Philippines are among the top 10 countries most affected by climate change, said by a nongovernmental organization German Watch

5 The municipal Department of Transport and the Institute of Transport Science and Technology and Vietnam Association of Motorcycle Manufacturers agreed to launch a pilot program to study and examine motorbike emissions in the city

6 Environmentally friendly products are what most companies are now focusing on in order to help get rid of pollution

7 There are many industries like mining, medicine, scientific research, and nuclear power generation which produce by-products that include radioactive waste

8 The biodegradable paper cups introduced years ago in place of plastic cups are however very much in use

9 Acid rain can also be responsible for damaging buildings, which the city government is dealing with

10 The newcomers can pose a threat to biodiversity by altering ecosystems, which is an unsual thing in modern society

11 Sustainable development provides an approach to making better decisions on the issues that affect all of our lives

12 Air pollution is also a contributing factor to marine pollution by carrying off pesticides or dirt into the ocean

13 The Asian Development Bank estimated that the mean cost of climate change for Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam could amount to a loss of 6.7% of their combined gross domestic product per year by 2100

14 Saltwater intrusion is forecast to worsen in the Mekong Delta, according to the Directorate of Water Resources under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

15 Reducing greenhouse emissions, especially from heavy industries or coal- fueled power plants, will directly help improve the air in developing countries

1 thân môi là cái mà các công ty trong ngày càng ô này

2 lý rác bao m không là phân rác gia vào ngày

3 Nam, án trung vào thích áp nâng thoát hay nâng

4 không khí Thành Chí Minh do khí giao thông cao

5 Khu này trong vành xanh nên chính không hình phép xây nào

6 công ty vào hành nhà máy lý và rác

Nam, không có công ty nào tham gia lý không khí ô

7 bao bì phân có cho môi và thích sang này

8 thì ô môi không gì hàng ngày

9 Vì nguy và nên tìm các bãi phù cho phóng là khó chính thành

10 Sau khi cây xanh thì bay vào thành ngay là bay vào và

11 tiêu án này là tìm nguyên nhân chính gây ra suy ozone giá chính xác các chính sách môi nay

12 xây thêm sân bay ô nói sân bay không thêm gì ngoài ô và khác liên quan

13 là vài kinh doanh tái nhà

14 Ô t c dân và các công ra rãnh a các công ty

15 phát nhà máy than mang tiêu môi khí và con và an ninh và kinh

LANGUAGES

The truth is that foreign languages are phenomenally unpopular in secondary schools Poor teaching and the late introduction of the subject are often cited as the main reasons youngster are so loath to study them Another factor for our notorious laziness vis-à-vis other tongues has to be that we are brought up to believe that the whole world speaks English, so why bother? Why indeed? Struggling to communicate in another language is, for all but the committed and enthusiastic linguist, a frustrating experience, which, if not necessary, is best avoided And yes, when millions of Brits take their annual holidays abroad, local tourism, travel, catering, and retail staff are all trained in at least rudimentary English So, again, there is little motivation to learn more than a couple of words for a few stay

- mother tongue / (non) native speaker / minority languages / commonly spoken languages / the most widely spoken language / to speak the same language / foreign language /second language / (local) dialects / bilingual / monolingual / body language / verbal communication

- to immerse oneself in a language / to expand knowledge

- to deepen and widen knowledge

- proficiency in st / doing st

- the linguistic heritage / language preservation

- to have a high level of proficiency in (language, ex English) / to be able to hold a conversation in (language, ex English)

- to adopt the dominant language

- to be in danger of extinction

- to allow a language to disappear

- to lead to tension and conflicts (in misunderstanding and miscommunication using language)

- to witness a decline in linguistic diversity

1 In daily conversations, over 200 hand signs are used in Italy by children, old people, and even politicians on TV

2 According to the UNESCO report we read, there are more than 6,000 languages in the world today, but over half are in danger of dying out before the end of this century

3 English skills often provide a competitive edge for business students when they seek jobs, according to some employers

4 Non - verbal communication is used for negotiating interpersonal attitudes, and in some cases is used as a substitute for verbal messages

5 The performances are particularly commendable because the actors communicate so much about their characters in a non-verbal way

6 What do you think about this thought?: a language right away in the morning reminds your brain that language learning is a top priority in your

7 Language revitalization is critical Every government should do what they can to support languages

8 Language, moreover, is a very public behavior, so it is easy for different usages to be noted and criticized

9 A simple way to put language learning first is to schedule blocks of study time on your calendar each week

10 There have been over a hundred languages or at least different dialects in Italy; but now Italian is basically spoken nationwide

11 A dead language is a language that is no longer the native language of a community, even if it is still used in other contexts Its uses tend to only exist in specific situations perhaps academia or amongst individuals or in special circumstances such as the use of Latin in the Vatican City

12 Language is important because it's one of the main ways to communicate and interact with other people around us It keeps us in contact with other people

13 The term "biased language" refers to words and phrases that are considered prejudiced, offensive, and hurtful Biased language includes expressions that demean or exclude people because of age, sex, race, ethnicity, social class, or physical or mental traits

14 Language is said to be the key to understanding a culture the medium by which the arts and ideas of a people have been passed down over generations

15 The common language offers a way to communicate shared values and expectations for behaviors, such as giving back and community service as measure of and symbols of maturity

1 trên có nhau mà không dùng Anh khi giao không?

2 Rào ngôn còn là ký khi công 4.0 thay

3 Sinh viên chuyên Anh thêm và này gây không ít khó cho - là khi ra

4 Chúng ta giao các cá nhân ra thông qua các phi ngôn

5 không chào , tham gia giao thông, bác gia mà xác tiêu không sai hóa

6 thì nghe và các âm thanh và nói khác nhau lên, não làm phân các âm thanh

7 hy công ngày càng san khác ngôn cho bao thanh niên gian, công và mà không ý

8 có xem là hình trí hay là môn bao môn khác?

9 ngôn là trong các rào cho giao hóa và bá các hóa, khoa công v.v.) này sang khác

10 Ngày càng có công t nên là trong các công và thu

11 em sinh ra sàng ngôn chúng ngôn ngôn mà gia và môi chúng

12 Khi phán, chú ý ngôn mà có không nói ra

13 Ngôn ký là ngôn dùng bàn tay thay cho âm thanh nói Ngôn ký do thính ra giúp có giao nhau trong mình và thu tri xã

14 Anh nói 350 trên là ngôn và 430 là ngôn hai

15 Loài nói chung ngôn có là không bao thành t xóa rào ngôn nhanh chóng, chính xác và dàng là không còn là ngoài tay.

THE ECONOMY

The economy, translating roughly from the Greek household management , is a broad term which covers all the operations and aspects of society which deal with production and consumption of money and moneymaking in individual countries, and in the world at large

Economies have existed since the beginning of human history, in a primitive form The earliest form of economy is a barter system A barter system is where people trade goods without using money However, this system is inefficient, and was primarily used in ancient times before the invention of money It can also be used by friends today Using money is much more efficient, as it doesn't rely on both people in the to need each other's goods like barter does Money can be anything, but has historically used metals like gold and silver, and now relies on public trust

- individual countries / in the world

- as it doesn't rely on

1 business-friendly policies and the securing of free trade agreements with more than 60 countries have helped create an export-driven economy that has strengthened the attractiveness and momentum of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City

2 The National Association of Colleges and Employers says starting pay is also down during the recession

3 Poor growing conditions overseas played an important part in higher prices for American crops this year

4 The demand in developing economies can push up prices for commodities like oil and iron ore used for making steel

5 Small business entrepreneurs play an important part in American job growth They have created almost two-thirds of new jobs in the last fifteen years

6 There are now more than sixty American universities offering so-called green business degrees

7 The think tank noted that economic freedom will be enhanced in Vietnam if the Government can successfully expand economic liberalization by promoting international trade and restructuring State-owned enterprises

8 Future contracts are agreements between a buyer and a seller to exchange something at a set price at some time in the future

9 The price of oil affects prices and demand for energy, plastics, farm chemicals and many other products made with petroleum

10 Economists say payments to unemployed people directly help the economy because they spend the money immediately

11 The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization predicts that world market prices for rice, wheat, barley, sugar and meat will stay high or continue rising

12 Economists say the least developed countries need to cut dependence on commodities and manufacture products for export

13 Increasing environmental pollution is inevitable in the early stages of economic growth

14 The rice export suspension has troubled rice traders and exporters as they did not have much time to negotiate with their customers

15 Full employment actually trumps economic growth every time because it has far more important social results than economic growth

1 Kinh Nam ngày càng c i sau ng khó n u ngoái do suy thoái kinh toàn

2 phát kinh cá nhân thành và công c làm cho ng nông thôn

3 Kinh doanh là môn sinh viên Hoa ; và là hai khi còn phân vân

4 công ty tìm nhân viên cho trí cao

5 làm dành cho sinh viên là không do trên này

6 Các công ty Nam yêu c nhân viên là hai

7 suy thoái kinh toàn 2008 làm cho trên khó t là các phát

8 Các nhà kinh cho kinh cách không

9 thay trong kinh (hay còn là toàn hóa) có mang có công gia khác

10 Không i Sinh viên nào kinh làm kinh khi ra ng; khi không cái gì mình

11 Trên có Có thành công không ít

12 Sinh viên Nam kinh khi còn trên c; và này khi không

13 -áo- - khi làm cho các thành viên trong gia không có gian xích nhau

14 hóa bán là trong nét TP.HCM du khách c ngoài, dù khi c này du khách không ít

15 Khi quá có có nào có không tích kinh lãnh lý, và chuyên môn

EDUCATION

A number of universities in Viet Nam have recently piloted a series of training programmes after enterprises have demanded that their students are prepared for work after graduating

This is a new model of training called Profession Oriented Higher Education, which is different from the traditional theory-based training models that Vietnamese students are used to

This model, which has been successfully applied in many European countries, ensures that colleges and enterprises have strong connections, as the enterprises are directly involved in the training process and welcome students as interns

- traditional theory-based training models

The number of + pl N + sing V different from to be used to / to get used to + V-ing used to + V.) as + clause welcome sb as + sb

- lesson / unit / lesson plan / lesson preparation

- homework / home assignment / tutorial / teaching aids

- academic transcript / grading schedule / results certificate

- school records / academic records / school record book

- qualification / credit mania / credit-driven practice / degree

- to drop out (of school) / class management / request for leave (absence) / students management

- curriculum (curricula) / extra curriculum / syllabus (syllabuses) /

- evaluation / assessment / measurement / dissertation / research paper

- mark: pass / credit / distinction / high distinction

- to take an exam / to sit an exam / to pass an exam

- civil education / continuing education / higher education / distance education / distance learning / teacher training / vocational training

- nursery school / kindergarten / pre-school / primary school / secondary school / high school / college / community college/ university /

- course book / textbook / teaching materials

- class head teacher / classroom teacher

- visiting lecturer / visiting professor / assistant professor / full professor

- president / rector / principal / school head / headmaster (headmistress)

- campus / hall of residence (Bri) / dormitory (dorm) (Ame)

- district department of education / provincial department of education

- university entrance exam / college entrance exam

- to support the education of sb

1 Men and women must be educated, in a great degree, by the opinions and manners of the society they live in (Mary Wollstonecraft)

2 As fresh employees, most university graduates still need some training from their new bosses; and training can be costly and time-consuming for the employers

3 Some universities are trying to be proactive in the range of training skills that it offers to meet actual social demands

4 To offer a practical training programme to students, the department's staff had tried to collect feedback from employers on their newly graduated employees

5 World Robot Olympiad is dedicated to offering young people from around the world the opportunity to expand their horizons through exploration of robots and robotic systems and helping them improve their skills like creative thinking, cooperation and communication

6 Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten (B F Skinner)

7 Besides studying at university, students are also expected to take a six -month internship with a company that has signed a co-operation agreement with the university

8 The object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives (Robert M Hutchins)

9 Students at the department also have to take a career orientation course, so they are well aware of the profession they will be following, or else they can withdraw to pursue a more suitable profession

10 The goal of education is not to increase the amount of knowledge but to create the possibilities for a child to invent and discover, to create men who are capable of doing new things (Jean Piaget)

11 Many women said they feel discriminated because of their gender during the recruitment process for an IT company and they do not get the same training opportunities as men

12 Teaching and studying music is an important part of high school education but it has not received enough attention and investment

13 There is no end to education It is not that you read a book, pass an examination, and finish with education The whole of life, from the moment you are born to the moment you die, is a process of learning

14 Higher education acts as a driver to enhance human capital quality and the competitiveness

15 On the occasion of Vietnamese Day (November 20), ELSA (English Language Speech Assistant) app has launched a number of new features and promotions to support teachers of English across Vietnam

1 vài sinh viên cho khám phá ra tài riêng mình khi tham gia khóa vào

2 Có vài trên vài bài dài phút và ít là hai trình sinh viên

3 Sinh viên bài nghiên môn nào trong thay vì thi khóa

4 trình STF (Saigon Times Foundation) - Phú trao cho 2.000 sinh, sinh viên trên giá

5 Trong toàn hóa và Anh thành công quan hàng trong quá trình giao ngày, làm và tác

6 kê cho Nam có viên thông qua xa; làm

7 Sinh viên trang tác liên cá nhân tác khác; tinh và trách ; lý gian và rèn lãnh o

8 Các chuyên gia nói sát giúp trong và giáo viên do giáo hàng

9 Bill Gates trong tài chính giáo

10 làm thêm là xu hi nay sinh viên

Tuy nhiên, sinh viên cân gian cho này

11 Thông tin và sinh nay trên các kênh thông tin chúng, sinh thông tin nhu thân và ngành phù sinh

12 Sinh khóa là sinh có trang cho mình vài cho lai

13 gì, dù hay hay , không chí và làm cái tâm, không mong

14 các xây riêng cung kênh thông tin bài tài tham o; tác viên và sinh viên

15 Bài duy là trong hành xuyên trên khi ôn nhà duy trì thói quen và duy, các trình con trên

TOURISM

Tourism is travel for recreation, leisure, religious, family or business purposes, normally for a limited duration Tourism is general associated with International Travel, but may also refer to travel to another place within the same country The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people to and staying at places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other

- one-way trip / round trip

1 The Vietnam Administration of Tourism will collaborate with local tourism promotion agencies, tour operators and hotels to organize travel programs to China and Taiwan

2 Mass tourism has contributed to the destruction of the environment More and more hotels are built while forests and beaches are destroyed

3 Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial mass tourism

4 The Vietnam Administration of Tourism is targeting other source markets such as Japan, South Korea and the United States as future destinations for promoting local tourism

5 Tourism covers a wide range of jobs, including all branches of the travel industry, hospitality in hotels and restaurants, entertainment and recreation, as well as the tourist attractions in a particular region

6 Most travelers to Vietnam are attracted by the wonderful natural beauty: From the green rice fields in the North to the fascinating bustle of the Mekong Delta in the South

7 Tourists tend to visit features of landscapes and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience

8 Tourists enjoy the beauty of wildlife without harming it They stay with local families instead of hotels and get to know their culture and lifestyle

9 The Vietnam Administration of Tourism is pinning high hopes on these programs, expecting them to help the country attract 18 million international tourists this year, up from some 15 million last year

10 Under the Nguyen Dynasty, the city of Hue prospered both economically and culturally

11 Tourism plays a vital role in promoting economy The extensive investment and constant rapid development of infrastructure and transport network are an aim at bringing more accessibility to major attractions in the country

12 A boom in the tourism industry in Vietnam can help to generate a substantial amount of economic benefits directly through hotels, resorts, restaurants, pubs, taxis, souvenir sales, etc., and indirectly to tourism-related business through the supply of goods and services

13 Although tourists are satisfied with their visit, there are some concerns, especially the issues of environmental pollution, sanitation and cleanliness, local poverty, and language barriers, which lead to lack of communication between tourists and local people

14 Eleven million people worldwide travel to other countries for low-cost medical treatment This kind of travel is known as "medical tourism."

15 Ecotourism, as an alternative tourism, involves visiting natural areas in order to learn, to study, or to carry out activities environmentally friendly

1 Costa Rica là trong du sinh thái có bãi núi thú và hoang dã

2 trong rào du là ngôn và hóa

Tuy nhiên, này ngày nay không xem là quan vì có

3 Bánh là món cho sáng Du khách có tìm món này thành ; quán bánh hay quán trong Ánh Sáng

4 làm vui lòng khách du chúng tôi thay dùng là các và phù nhu ( )

5 Chi xây mòn Chí Minh, trên vùng danh là thép" ca ý chí phòng kiên quân dân

6 có khu khu xen sông dày a các sinh thái mang tính sinh cao c duyên Nam

7 trong do du mang là công này bao các trí viên du nhân viên khách xe khách và nhà hàng

8 góc Sài thành, dàng ra mùi lan bánh bông lan chín vàng trên than

9 Du gây áp và có xói mòn ô gia g, môi nhiên và nhi u áp các loài có nguy

10 Có khi Singapore thì ai ai có là gia có nhìn thùng rác trí trên

11 Du Homestay không cho xúc dân mà còn cho chung là cách vùng mà không là tham quan

Nam Á là du hóa, xen kính

13 Du khách yêu ngay nét bình yên cái nhìn tiên khi quanh Hà 36 khu nét trúc các giá lâu

14 du khám phá khám phá con thì có không xa, các trong Nam) là

15 Sa Pa - bình thanh bình, dân dã và Nam - là vùng cao phía Tây Nam, quanh mây che thang dài chân

LEGAL RIGHTS

Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, language, religion, or any other status Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination

Legal rights mean those rights which are recognized, protected and restricted by a particular statutory law For example, right to sue, right to vote, etc

- to be entitled to + N Phrase

1 African leaders need to invest in the youth and end harmful practices such as child marriage

2 The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom For in all the states of created beings capable of law, where there is no law, there is no freedom (John Locke)

3 During the era of apartheid in South Africa, thousands of individuals died in police custody, frequently after being tortured

4 Adequate safeguards must be in place to ensure that parental consent or other exceptions are not used to force girls into marriage

5 Harassment entails both visible and invisible economic costs, and neglecting both of them is a huge mistake

6 To the contrary, the U.S government wants all temporary workers and employers to operate according to the laws of the United States and encourages you to report any violations

7 Being a single parent is twice the work, twice the stress and twice the tears but also twice the hugs, twice the love and twice the pride (Unknown)

8 This broadly relates to communications between lawyer and client either in relation to the giving of legal advice or in contemplation of legal proceedings

9 Sexual harassment of woman workers by their bosses is believed to be widespread nationwide nowadays

10 Now is the time for African leaders to step up on the plate on these gender inequalities that are preventing young girls and young women from exercising choice and realizing their potential

11 According to statistics, crime rate has recently risen sharply, with the proportion of juvenile delinquencies soring by 150% in the past two years

12 If you do not have a work permit or residency then when your passbook comes up for renewal it is being said that the banks are refusing to issue a new one, thereby compelling you to withdraw your funds

13 A sense of natural justice compels me to speak out in defense of mimes who cannot speak for themselves

14 The prison service should try to rehabilitate prisoners so that they can lead normal lives when they leave prison

15 Things we are not legally allowed to ask in an interview, we can find because they're publicly displaying it on the social networks

1 Theo cung ngành thì có 4.000 yêu trong tháng quý

2 quan là ph em tình và giúp chúng phát các tránh tình nguy m, c là em vùng dân

3 dân tuân theo pháp th ng tin

4 thành niên vì hành vi pháp liên quan n ma túy trong ng qua các các phát

5 gia tan pháp trong gia cách yêu cha và nuôi chúng là lúc chúng thành)

6 gia áp các cáo vào em, là các có kinh phát

7 là trong pháp sát khi giam xe vì lái xe không ký

8 không gì pháp mình cho khi thuê công ty pháp lý cho các

9 Tòa án là ích cô gái khi ông bà sau khi cô ly hôn

10 Tòa án liên bang có phân hay không khi không cho các cô gái bóng trung

11 g và ác là không có t thúc khi ranh chúng khó mà phân

12 Các xã nghèo thành niên, v.v có liên quan dân quá

13 Công ty ông do có quá vi liên quan tranh tòa nhà mà ông tên mình

14 khoan pháp không dành cho ai nhân tính trong cóc hàng các em nông thôn bán sang ngoài

15 tranh nuôi con cái sau khi ly hôn tòa do không ai ai

HEALTH

Today, three types of definition of health seem to be possible and are used The first is that health is the absence of any disease or impairment The second is that health is a state that allows the individual to adequately cope with all demands of daily life (implying also the absence of disease and impairment) The third definition states that health is a state of balance, an equilibrium that an individual has established within himself and between himself and his social and physical environment

- The first / second is that + clause

1 Healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, recovery, or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people

2 There might be more benefits for mothers who take their kids for regular medical check-ups

3 A long course of treatment may be needed if the bacteria are resistant to one or more of the antibiotics

4 Allergies are caused by the immune system reacting to allergens as if they were harmful

5 Victims were isolated, and everyone who had been in contact with them was vaccinated completely; in case unexpected things happen

6 The diet calls for cutting red meat and sugar by 50 percent and doubling the amount of nuts, fruits, vegetables and legumes

7 Research has shown that sharp reductions in the amount of food consumed can help fish, rats and monkeys live longer But there have been very few studies in humans

8 During an effort to overcome one of those problems - a heart defect - surgeons gave the boy a blood transfusion

9 Scientific experts say many lives could have been saved if there had been an early detection of the disease

10 good doctor cures the disease, but a great doctor cures the

(Amit Kalantri, Wealth of Words)

11 The most pressing need, after the bleeding has been stopped, is for a transfusion to restore the circulating volume of the blood

12 Close relationships are what keep people happy throughout their lives - not money or fame These close relationships protect people from the difficult times that come with growing older They protect against physical and mental decline

13 Thailand last week reported its first probable case of human-to-human transmission of the virus

14 It is not the only drug that can be used to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission

15 It's a good idea to look at tax-efficient savings and to get a health check from an independent adviser.

2 có ích cho , giúp cân; giúp c gan; giúp c làn da; và giúp k soát áp

3 Các quan y có các pháp phòng các h

4 u n giúp có và ng lão hóa, và lâu

5 sinh kháng kém các và tiêm là cách an toàn bé nguy

6 t trung bình dân là 87 nam và 81 hàng cao Chính khích dân gia và kéo dài

7 Chúng ta nên kiêng trái cây màu và rau xanh các (phytochemicals) có cho

8 em và thanh niên ngày nay ngày càng do ít mê máy tính và cái vô trong

9 có móng tay có manh chút màu chút màu vài sóng có là trong

10 Siêng rèn lành thanh sóc là lý do trong top q gia có cao

11 Công ông quá ông không có gian vào sáng

12 không có can bác ta i; và nguyên nhân cho là do xuyên sáng

13 là không không hút dù lá có cho

15 Bác khuyên trái táo i ngày ngoài cung dinh táo còn giúp tiêu hóa, táo bón và lý

THE MEDIA

The term media, which is the plural of medium, refers to the communication channels through which we disseminate news, music, movies, education, promotional messages and other data It includes physical and online newspapers and magazines, television, radio, billboards, telephone, the Internet, and fax

It describes the various ways through which we communicate in society Because it refers to all means of communication, everything ranging from a telephone call to the evening news on television can be called media

When talking about reaching a very large number of people we say mass media Local media refers to, for example, your local newspaper, or local/regional TV/radio channels

Types of News, Newspapers and Magazines

- Online news: the online version of a newspaper

- A broadsheet: a newspaper printed on large sheets of paper

- The daily: a newspaper published every day except Sunday

- A tabloid: a newspaper with fairly small pages mostly containing stories about famous people and not much serious news

- A biweekly publication: a magazine that is published twice a month or twice a week

- A media outlet: a newspaper publishes news stories

- Bulletin: a magazine or newspaper produced regularly by a club or organization to give information to its members

- Compact: a newspaper with fairly small pages that deals with serious news issues

- Fanzine: a magazine written for and by fans

1 The greatest power of the mass media is the power to ignore The worst thing about this power is that you may not even know you're using it

2 Fake social media profiles undermine the very fabric of social media It brings into question many social media interactions and influences the content you see

3 By giving substantial coverage to environmental issues, the mass media call attention to them properly

4 Ben Kirshner, chief executive of a New York company, says: "You are your brand So everything you do online reflects who you are personally and professionally."

5 Beside affecting users' mental health, use of technology can also have negative repercussions on physical health causing vision problems, hearing loss, and neck strain

6 The influence of social media is unbelievable It's sad to see - it's a fake life that some people live (Virgil van Dijk)

7 Social networking sites allow people to interact by sharing news and personal information, photos, videos, as well as to communicate through chatting or messaging one another

8 If you grow up in show business, you look beyond the looking glass So, all of the surface facades get broken (RuPaul)

9 Up to eighty percent of people have been influenced in a purchasing decision by what read or seen online every day

10 The edutainment program, designed for kids up to five, will teach them about the inner workings of a computer

11 Experts have found that in addition to making our lives more convenient, there's a negative side to technology - it can be addicting and it can hurt our communication skills

12 The difference today is that people can get their messages out to lots of other people at lightning speed through websites and social media

13 Your information, your connections and your daily life is worth protecting from fake profiles There are a number of things you can do to protect yourself when using social media

14 Mistakenly thinking each friend request has come from a real person may cause people to accept friend requests simply to be polite and not hurt someone else's feelings even if they're not sure they know the person

15 Being overly connected can cause psychological issues such as distraction, narcissism, expectation of instant gratification, and even depression

1 Social Media trái nó thông tin, thông tin thông tin sai tràn lan, không soát,

2 Các thông chúng giá có lan rãi và có tác công chúng xã cách khác nhau

3 Ngành T thông trong lai là ngành có tính tranh cao và v ai mê thách

4 Trang xã là có thông tin cá nhân, bè và tìm khác có cùng thích

5 ngày càng xem xã chính nên là

6 Có doanh thành công social media làm khéo léo cho giá trong công ty và quan là cách phó

7 Ông Kirshner nói Facebook có cung thông tin - hay - Vì hãy chú ý gì lên Internet và n gì khác

8 thông xã thay cách chúng ta giao và hành vi trong chúng ta

9 ngày nay dành gian trong ngày

10 thông xã ngày càng tính sáng ngày nay

11 cá nhân hãy xem Facebook là chúng ta tri thông tin, liên thân, bè, và nó hãy là ký chính thân chúng ta

12 Internet và xã nay thành quan trong nh chúng suy và hành con là , là vô cùng và

13 Chúng ta càng smartphone, vào nào thì chúng ta càng khó là không nào có sâu

14 thông xã và di có các tâm lý và và khó trung vào các quan

15 Ngày nay, khi internet phát liên nhau qua các thông tin là trong xã Quan xét này nhanh chóng và tác lên xích và khi thành xu

CULTURE

Culture is a term for which it is very difficult to give a precise meaning This word means so many different things to different people, so devising a single acceptable definition is more problematic than may be first thought The idea of culture as something shared is inherently complex Even people neighboring each other, or sharing a common language, or possessing certain common core values may actually have as many differences as similarities

- as many differences as similarities

- the traditional and cultural values attached

- to contribute to cultural diversity

- to maintain the identity and heritage of a community

1 According to legend, during the Three Kingdoms period, Chinese statesman Zhuge Liang, also known as Kongming, created lanterns to send military signals

2 Many other exciting activities are held during the festival, such as traditional music performances, lion dances, dragon dances, and displays of calligraphy works

3 The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism has recognized Tet Nguyen Tieu (First Full Moon Festival) celebrated by Vietnamese of Chinese descent in District 5 of HCMC as national intangible cultural heritage

4 Every year, thousands of travel to the village of Pingxi for its annual Lantern Festival, where they write their wishes on paper lanterns and release them into the sky in the hopes that their ancestors will answer their prayers

5 Over time, the Pingxi Lantern Festival has gained a reputation for being the brightest, happiest and most heartwarming event in Taiwan And you won't find it anywhere else

6 The United States is sometimes described as a in which different cultures have contributed their own distinct to American culture

7 Cultural intelligence means the need to consider local behaviors in everything from simple handshakes to speaking to large groups

8 Vietnam's Ao Dai is one of the most celebrated traditional costumes in this part of the world

9 Real cultural diversity results from the interchange of ideas, products, and influences, not from the insular development of a single national style (Tyler Cowen)

10 Youth culture is the way children, adolescents and young adults live, and the norms, values, and practices they share Some researchers argue that youth's values and morals are not distinct from those of their parents, which means that youth culture is not a separate culture (Wikipedia)

11 We become not a melting pot but a beautiful mosaic Different people, different beliefs, different yearnings, different hopes, different dreams (Jimmy Carter)

12 Individuals from different generations think differently and make different choices from other generations because what they value is not the same

13 Cross-cultural communication is a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavor to communicate across cultures

14 Vietnamese culture is a rich and diversified one; it is a fusion of traditional and contemporary values, the harmony of many religions in one country

15 The Vietnam Book Day, April 21, has become an annual cultural activity attracting a lot of appreciation and interest from the community and gaining positive outcomes

1 Áo dài là trang và là nét hóa dân

Nam qua kì phát áo dài luôn không tôn vinh dàng

2 làm hóa có cái nhìn sâu cách cách các dân và hóa khác nhau trên toàn

3 hóa cao hay không chính các nhà mà chính là danh)

4 Nam là trong các gia có minh lúa phát minh lúa Nam có sâu kinh hóa, xã dân cho ngày hôm nay

5 vùng, trên có món khác nhau và mang ý riêng nên dân Nó ánh và dân sinh khu trong cái riêng càng nên phong phú, và vô cùng

6 hóa là nét hóa nhiên hình thành trong dân gia, không là nét hóa mà còn là hóa tinh

7 ta Nam) vào mùa xuân, khi giao hòa, thiên nhiên lòng hân hoan là tính là minh cho nét hóa ngàn ông cha ta

8 -Xuân ta tìm v giá hóa làng quê có quen hòa vào không khí áp, náo âm mùa Xuân trong phiên

9 câu cám và xin bao là trong xô này, dù không ai cho qua, có có ý a quan nào trong này

10 Nam có lý, có tình thiên tình trên

Ai giúp mình thì ai , ban thì tôn làm - M là là

11 Nam là gia có hàng nghìn gia khác trên Nam có hóa mang riêng Chính nét làm nên cách, hình hài và dân Nam

12 là gia có trà; có thêm là cà phê

13 Qua ta có nét hóa giá con trình hóa dân lý, phép phong trong cách

14 Xuân không là khao khát bao xúng xính áo bánh và là lì xì, mà nó còn mang ý vô cùng sâu là trong gia và gia

15 giao mái, nói to, thích tranh cãi, luôn là ham cù, coi và tinh

[2] Do Phu Anh Translation Practice for Vietnamese Learners of English

[3] Alexander, L.G (1992) Longman English Grammar England: Longman

[4] Anderson, N J (2014) Active skills for reading: Book 3 (3 rd edition) Thomson ELT

[5] Driscoll, L (2008) Real Reading 4 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

[6] Documents for Improving IELTS Reading Skills

[7] https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/human-rights

[8] https://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/reading-pollution-environment- issues.php

[9] https://school.gradeup.co/read-the-passage-given-below-tourism-is-travel-for-i- 1nl8s0

[10] https://marketbusinessnews.com/financial-glossary/media-definition-meaning

[11] https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/education-quotes

[14] https://www.theworldcounts.com/challenges/consumption/transport-and- tourism/negative-environmental-impacts-of-tourism

[15] https://www.quora.com/What-are-legal-rights

[16] https://www.forbes.com/sites/hecparis/2018/10/22/sexual-harassment-at-work- what-the-law-says/#6877d62b23c7

[17] https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/child-marriage-law

[18] https://www.spiritbutton.com/single-mom-quotes

[19] https://www.azquotes.com/quotes/topics/cultural-diversity.html

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