T
Biên
Trang 2*1.2020.ENG157*
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Trang 3CONTENTS
CONTENTS IPREFACE III IV
PART I: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH SENTENCES 1
PART II: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH TENSES 5
PART III: TRANSLATION PRACTICE 13
UNIT 1: FAMILY BACKGROUND 13
1.1 READING COMPREHENSION 13
1.2 VOCABULARY EXPANSION 14
1.3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION 16
UNIT 2: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS 242.1 READING COMPREHENSION 242.2 VOCABULARY EXPANSION 262.3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION 26UNIT 3: LANGUAGES 343.1 READING COMPREHENSION 343.2 VOCABULARY EXPANSION 35
3.3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION 37
UNIT 4: THE ECONOMY 454.1 READING COMPREHENSION 454.2 VOCABULARY EXPANSION 464.3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION 47UNIT 5: EDUCATION 555.1 READING COMPREHENSION 555.2 VOCABULARY EXPANSION 565.3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION 58UNIT 6: TOURISM 666.1 READING COMPREHENSION 666.2 VOCABULARY EXPANSION 67
6.3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION 67
Trang 4MÔ MÔN
Hành Biên - Translation Practice là môn cung cho Sinh Viên
khái và cách biên
Môn cung Sinh Viên:
- ngôn Anh bao âm, pháp, Anh chuyên
ngành Biên Phiên
- trong biên
- ngôn Anh: nghe, nói, trong môi công
- theo câu tình giao
- phân tích dung trong quá trình và
- và trong quá trình
DUNG MÔN
Tài Hành Biên - Translation Practice 10 bài bài trình bày theo cách cung ng và trúc
giúp Sinh viên p pháp và và phân khác
nhau trúc và Anh
giúp Sinh viên tìm pháp
trong là tác ng Anh và
n
Tài Hành Biên - Translation Practice cung và
thông tin kinh giáo và liên quan và
xã
YÊU MÔN
Trang 5PREFACE
This book is intended to provide the students with translation practice in order to help them deal with their problems when they translate different documents from English into Vietnamese and vice versa
Students will get a chance to learn the vocabulary usage and structure focus first and will get familiar with what they have learned by translating sentences from English into Vietnamese and vice versa
Trang 6MÔ MÔN
Hành Biên - Translation Practice là môn cung cho Sinh Viên
khái và cách biên
Môn cung Sinh Viên:
- ngôn Anh bao âm, pháp, Anh chuyên
ngành Biên Phiên
- trong biên
- ngôn Anh: nghe, nói, trong môi công
- theo câu tình giao
- phân tích dung trong quá trình và
- và trong quá trình
DUNG MÔN
Tài Hành Biên - Translation Practice 10 bài bài trình bày theo cách cung ng và trúc
giúp Sinh viên p pháp và và phân khác
nhau trúc và Anh
giúp Sinh viên tìm pháp
trong là tác ng Anh và
n
Tài Hành Biên - Translation Practice cung và
thông tin kinh giáo và liên quan và
xã
YÊU MÔN
Trang 7PHÁP GIÁ MƠN
Mơn giá sau:
- quá trình: 50% Hình và dung do Viên phù quy và tình hình
- thi khoá: 50% Hình thi: là 90 phút;
Trang 9PART I: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH SENTENCES
1 Basic Sentence Patterns
1.1 Subject + Verb
My back aches The kettle is boiling
1.2 Subject + Verb + Complement
That girl is a teacher This boy is intelligent
The Verb in this pattern is always be or a Verb related to be such as appear,
become, look, seem, sound and taste, etc (perception Verbs)
The complement may be:
- an adjective: He is smart
- a noun: My oldest brother is a worker
- an adjective + noun: His father is a nice singer
- a pronoun: mine
- an adverb of place or time: The seminar is there / at 4.30
- a prepositional phrase: like my mother
1.3 Subject + Verb + Direct Object
My brother likes that film
That company sells agricultural products
The direct object may take a variety of forms, such as:
- a noun: We bought the book in that bookstore - a pronoun: I met her in the school-yard
Trang 10- an infinitive: The students want to relax now
- an -ing form: My dad loves reading novels
1.4 Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
The teacher gave the students good marks He sent me a nice present
The indirect object always follows the verb and usually refers to a person The direct object can come after the verb if we wish to emphasize it In this
case, the indirect object is replaced by a prepositional phrase beginning with to or
for
My mom bought a nice skirt for me on my last birthday Please give this small gift to your sister
If the direct object is a pronoun (it or them), it normally comes immediately
after the verb
Give it to me
However, if both direct object and indirect object are pronouns, some verbs,
such as, bring, buy, fetch, give, hand, pass, send, show and teach can be used as
follows, particularly in everyday speech:
Give me it (more common) Give it me
1.5 Subject + Verb + Object + Complement
I find it difficult to study translation
Trang 112 The sentences
2.1 Simple sentences
Simple sentences usually contain one subject and one verb
Kids love watching television
Sometimes simple sentences can contain more than one subject or verb
We traveled throughout the USA and ended our trip in August
Brazil and the USA are large countries
2.2 Compound sentences
Compound sentences are usually made up of two simple sentences (or indepentdent clauses)
Compound sentences usually use a coordinating conjunction (connector) to combine the two sentences
The coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS, for short to remember) are: - for Mary studied hard for she wanted to pass the test
- and Mary studied hard, and her classmates did, too
- nor Mary study hard, nor did she pass the test
- but Mary studied hard, but her sister study at all
- or Mary studied hard, or she would have failed the test
- yet Mary studied hard, yet she was not happy with her grade
- so Mary studied hard, so the test was easy for her
2.3 Complex sentences
Complex sentences are made up of two parts
Trang 12while, although, after, because, if, and before
After the President gave his speech, he answered most of the questions
Remember that unlike coordinating conjunctions, which join two independent clauses but are not part of either clause, subordinating conjunctions are actually part of the dependent clauses
Peter played football after Mary watched TV
2.4 Compound - complex sentences
There are at least two main clauses and one subordinate clause in this kind
Trang 13PART II: OVERVIEW OF ENGLISH TENSES
1 Forms
Table 1: English tenses: forms
Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous S + V./V-s/-es + I study English She studies it - I study English She study it ? Do you study English? Does she study it? am/is/are + V-ing + I am working She is working - not working She working ? Are you working? Is she working? have/has + p.p + I have done it She has done it - I done it She done it ? Have you done it? Has she done it?
have/has been + V-ing + I have been/She has been living here for 12 years
- I been/She been living here for 12 years
? Have you been/Has she been living here for 12 years? S + V (past form) + I came here at 2 She played tennis - I come here at 2 She play tennis ? Did you come here at 2? Did she play tennis?
was/were + V-ing + She was eating We were doing it - She eating We doing it ? Was she eating? Were you doing it?
had + p.p + They had eaten it - They eaten it
? Had they eaten it?
had been + V-ing + She had been waiting for you for hours
- She been
waiting for you for hours
? Had she been waiting for you for hours? will + V
+ She will buy it - She buy it ? Will she buy it?
will be + V-ing + be having dinner at this time tomorrow - I be having dinner at this time tomorrow ? Will you be having dinner at thistime tomorrow? will +have + p.p + He will have finished it by the end of this month - He have finished it by the end of this month ? Will he have finished it by the end of this month?
Trang 163 There are also two more tenses in English
Form Usages
The future am/is/are going to + V - predictions (immediate future (the
feeling of certainty)) - intentions, plans (in informal style)
- remote future activities (less common and generally requires a time reference) - what we have already decided to do, what we intend to do in the future
- in place of the present continuous - intention after if
- We use was / were going to to say
what someone intended to do in the past (but do) The future-in-the past - was going to - was about to - was to - was to have + p.p - was on the point of - was due to - would
- events which were planned to take place and which did take place
- an outcome that could not be foreseen
- events which were interrupted () - events which were hindered or prevented but) - in narrative to describe that were destined to
4 Some notes on the usage of tenses
4.1 Use the present tenses (simple present or present perfect) if the clause (adverbial clauses of time) begins with as soon as, till, until, before, after, at the moment (with sign), the next time, when and if (1st conditional sentence)
I promise I will call you as soon as I have any news will have any happens in the future)
4.2 Use the present continuous tense with today, these days, this week/month/semester (around the time of speaking)
Today is Sunday My children are relaxing in the garden
4.3 Use the past continuous if we have definite time of past actions Otherwise, use the past simple
Trang 174.4 Use the past continuous for the longer action and simple past for the shorter one (The shorter action interrupted the longer one.)
Tom was reading with the when I called him
I was watching TV when the light went out
4.5 Use the past continuous for two actions which were happening at the same time in the past
My mother was cooking dinner while I was reading my favorite novel
4.6 Use while with the past continuous and when with the past simple
Trang 184.7 Use the simple past for past series of actions
She got out of the car, walked round to the back and opened the boot
4.8 Use the past perfect for actions which happened before another past action
They had finished their homework before their mother arrived home
4.9 Use will for a decision which is made at the time of speaking
Mary: Those bags look heavy
Peter: I will carry one of them for you
(NOT: I am going to
(Peter wants to help Mary when Mary not what he intended before.) 4.10 Use the (present / past perfect) continuous tense when we want to focus
on the length of time
David was playing tennis When his father arrived, he had been playing for 2 hours
My daughter has been looking for you since yesterday
Trang 194.11 Present continuous (with a future reference) and the going to future having breakfast with my boss tomorrow
= going to have breakfast with my boss tomorrow
4.12 We use verbs like intend to, plan to, propose to, rather than going to if
we want to be precise about intentions and plans
They are going to build a new motorway to the west (vague)
They propose to build a new motorway to the west
(more precise)
4.13 We normally use the present continuous with go and come instead of the going to future
going / coming home early this evening
4.14 We do not normally use will after if to make predictions, but we can use be going to to express an intention
If e going to join us, wait for you
4.15 be going to can often be used in the main clause as well
If you invite Peter, going to be trouble
4.16 We use going to when we say what we think will happen Usually there is something in the present situation that makes the speaker sure about what will happen
I feel terrible I think going to be sick
Trang 204.17 Use the simple, not the continuous tenses with these following verbs
COMMON STATIVE VERBS emotions and attitudes senses and sensations / perceptions knowledge / mental states and beliefs possession and relationships descriptions / appearance and measurements admire adore appreciate care desire detest dislike despise doubt envy fear hate like love mind miss need prefer regret respect trust want ache burn feel hear hurt itch notice observe perceive see smell sound sting taste agree assume believe consider disagree disbelieve estimate expect feel (= think) feel (= believe) find (= believe) forget guess hesitate hope imagine know mean mind notice presume realize recognize remember see (=understand) suppose suspect think (= believe) understand wonder belong consist of contain depend on have include own possess appear be cost equal look (like) measure represent resemble seem signify sound (like) taste weigh
Some verbs are considered as both stative and action verbs Here are some:
THINK I think he is very intelligent (stative V.) What are you thinking about? (action V.)
Trang 21PART III: TRANSLATION PRACTICE
UNIT 1: FAMILY BACKGROUND
Learning objectives
By the end of this unit, students will be able to:
- know and identify some common terms and grammatical structures used in
different kinds of documents;
- understand the use of different terms and grammatical structures used in different
kinds of documents;
- know and identify some techniques in translating from English into Vietnamese
and vice versa; and how to use them when translating; and
- translate different formal English terms and grammatical structures into
Vietnamese, and vice versa
-
1.1 READING COMPREHENSION
A family with a full-time dad has many benefits If a wife is a career woman, her husband can take some family responsibilities off her shoulders, thereby allowing her to compete more successful in the workplace The men share in the joy of participating in their day-to-day experiences Differences in parenting styles between men and women are also believed to contribute to well-being Studies suggest that a strong paternal presence encourages greater curiosity, higher self-esteem and better emotional balance in the child Societies with strong family units also report lower juvenile crime rates and lower rates of teen pregnancy
Trang 22VOCABULARIES - full-time job / part-time job / flexi job - benefit - a career woman - workplace - family responsibilities - to compete with - day-to-day experiences - parenting styles - -being - paternal presence - curiosity - self-esteem - emotional balance - in the child - juvenile crime - teen pregnancy - STRUCTURES - allow sb to do sth - take some family responsibilities off her shoulders - encourage sb to do sth - encourage + N phrase - N + with + N phrase + V - 1.2 VOCABULARY EXPANSION 1 FAMILY MEMBERS
- grandmother (grandma) / grandfather (grandpa) / grandparents - grandson / granddaughter / grandchild / grandchildren
- father (familiarly called: dad) / mother (familiarly called: mum) / parent / parents - son / daughter / child / children
Trang 23- brother / sister
- uncle / aunt / nephew / niece / cousin
- godfather / godmother / godson / goddaughter
- stepfather / stepmother / stepson / stepdaughter / stepbrother / stepsister - half-sister / half-brother - mother-in-law / father-in-law / son-in-law / daughter-in-law / sister-in-law / brother-in-law 2 OTHER RELATED WORDS TO FAMILY - immediate family - nuclear family - extended family - loving family / close-knit family - dysfunctional family - blended family - one-parent family - single mother (single mom) - family tree - distant relative - carefree childhood - troubled childhood - divorce (v) (n) - bitter divorce - messy divorce - broken home
- custody of the children - grant joint custody - sole custody - to pay child support - domestic violence - overprotective - to give the baby up for adoption - adoptive parents - blue blood
Trang 241.3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION
ENGLISH VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION
1 Family means no one gets left behind or forgotten all the time always considered as the smallest Unit of the Society
2 A love for her child is one of the most wonderful and beautiful things that ever known
3 My parents devoted all their time to raise us up, a big family with 6 children
Luckily, all of us now are getting big success in life
4 Lately, more fathers stay at home and take care of their children while mothers
Trang 255 The implication is that the married couple and the nuclear family are the ideal
forms of societal organization and reproduction
6 of your family today and every day thereafter, let the busy world of today keep you from showing how much you love and appreciate your
(Josiah)
7 Experts have already warned that the drug is not suitable for children and
adolescents due to an increased risk of making people suicidal
8 Carrying life coverage means that your dependents will be able to support
Trang 269 Families are the compass that guide us They are the inspiration to reach great
heights, and our comfort when we occasionally falter (Brad Henry)
10 Parents should know their role in the formative years of their children because
their children have to bring these treasures into their lifetime careers
11 Child development is influenced by wider networks of social support, including
extended family, friends and any community, cultural or religious groups a child may be part of
12 Overprotective parents envision fear in most situations, and by putting this
Trang 27VIETNAMESE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
1 Con cái nuôi cha là không c,
câu ca dao: nuôi con lai láng con nuôi Cha tính tháng tính
2 gia duy trì tình mà không có phúc vì
là ng vì con cái, không chính là gây
cho con cái sau
3 Cách hành cha vai trò quan trong hình thành nhân cách con , và theo con cái
4 Có không c cãi Gia là trong
Trang 28VIETNAMESE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
1 Con cái nuôi cha là không c,
câu ca dao: nuôi con lai láng con nuôi Cha tính tháng tính
2 gia duy trì tình mà không có phúc vì
là ng vì con cái, không chính là gây
cho con cái sau
3 Cách hành cha vai trò quan trong hình thành nhân cách con , và theo con cái
4 Có không c cãi Gia là trong
Trang 309 em cho là không chúng; chúng chính là do kinh mà chúng có
10 gia xem là gia phúc khi có con cái
thành theo nghiên nhóm viên
Khoa Xã và Nhân TP.HCM
11 Gia là và tình yêu không bao thúc là
món quà là là bình yên
con
12 có mái gia mà tràn tình yêu
Trang 3113 Tình gia có giúp con qua khó thách
trong Nó là cho ta an tin, hi qua
khó cách dàng
14 Khi nên có vài luôn bên mà không
do - chính là gia
15 gia không là trong phúc mà
còn là nuôi ng tâm a giúp chúng hoàn thân duy nhân cách
Trang 32UNIT 2: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Learning objectives
By the end of this unit, students will be able to:
- know and identify some common terms and grammatical structures used in
different kinds of documents;
- understand the use of different terms and grammatical structures used in different
kinds of documents;
- know and identify some techniques in translating from English into Vietnamese
and vice versa; and how to use them when translating; and
- translate different formal English terms and grammatical structures into
Vietnamese, and vice versa
-
2.1 READING COMPREHENSION
Pollution is the degradation of natural environment by external substances introduced directly or indirectly Human health, ecosystem quality and aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity may be affected and altered permanently by pollution
Pollution occurs when ecosystems cannot get rid of substances introduced into the environment The critical threshold of its ability to naturally eliminate substances is compromised and the balance of the ecosystem is broken
Trang 342.2 VOCABULARY EXPANSION - greenhouse gas - extinction - sustainable development - green belt - contamination - eco-friendly - biodiversity - biodegradable - marine pollution - noise pollution - air poluttion - land degradation - ozone depletion - waste disposal - toxic waste - radioactive waste - exhaust fumes - acid rain - recycling business - sewage plant -
2.3 SUGGESTED SENTENCES FOR TRANSLATION
ENGLISH VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION
1 Toxic waste should be handled with special precautions and disposed of in
designated facilities, which charge for their services
2 Human can be affected by marine pollution; it can make us sick if we swim at
Trang 353 The research made some startling observations and developed some key
insights to the understanding of why land degradation and desertification occur
4 Vietnam, Myanmar and the Philippines are among the top 10 countries most
affected by climate change, said by a nongovernmental organization German Watch
5 The municipal Department of Transport and the Institute of Transport Science
and Technology and Vietnam Association of Motorcycle Manufacturers agreed to launch a pilot program to study and examine motorbike emissions in the city
6 Environmentally friendly products are what most companies are now focusing
Trang 367 There are many industries like mining, medicine, scientific research, and
nuclear power generation which produce by-products that include radioactive waste
8 The biodegradable paper cups introduced years ago in place of plastic cups are
however very much in use
9 Acid rain can also be responsible for damaging buildings, which the city
government is dealing with
10 The newcomers can pose a threat to biodiversity by altering ecosystems,
Trang 3711 Sustainable development provides an approach to making better decisions on
the issues that affect all of our lives
12 Air pollution is also a contributing factor to marine pollution by carrying off
pesticides or dirt into the ocean
13 The Asian Development Bank estimated that the mean cost of climate change
for Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam could amount to a loss of 6.7% of their combined gross domestic product per year by 2100
14 Saltwater intrusion is forecast to worsen in the Mekong Delta, according to the
Trang 3815 Reducing greenhouse emissions, especially from heavy industries or
coal-fueled power plants, will directly help improve the air in developing countries
- VIETNAMESE ENGLISH TRANSLATION
1 thân môi là cái mà các công ty
trong ngày càng ô này
2 lý rác bao m không là phân
rác gia vào ngày
3 Nam, án trung vào thích áp
Trang 394 không khí Thành Chí Minh do khí giao thông cao
5 Khu này trong vành xanh nên chính không hình phép xây nào
6 công ty vào hành nhà máy lý và rác
Nam, không có công ty nào tham gia lý không khí ô
7 bao bì phân có cho môi và
Trang 408 thì ô môi không gì hàng ngày 9 Vì nguy và nên tìm các bãi phù cho phóng là khó chính thành 10 Sau khi cây xanh thì bay vào thành ngay là bay vào và