Ôn tập thi LÝ THUYẾT DỊCH TRANSLATION THEORY

Trang 1 REVISION Trang 2 CONTENT1.Examination Format2.Revision Trang 3 Part 1: GENERAL FORMAT Trang 4 Examples Adaptation is mainly used for translation of songs, plays, etc..  ………

REVISION

Translation Theory

1 Examination Format

2 Revision

3 Tip sharing

Part 1: GENERAL FORMAT

Task 1: True/False (1pts – 5Q) Task 2: Gap-filling (2pts – 8Q) Task 3: Matching (2pts – 8Q)

songs, plays, etc

grammatical structure does not exist in the target language



2 REVISION (Theory)

Text Analysis Translation Methods

Translation Procedures Translation Equivalence

Translation Revision

TRANSLATION METHODS

8 methods – Peter Newmark

Word – for – word translation

 Source language word-order is preserved

 and non – grammatical

Literal translation

are converted to their nearest equivalent

in the target language

 But words are still translated singly, out

of context

Faithful translation

 Words are translated in context

 Uncompromising to the target language

Semantic translation

 Naturalize to achieve aesthetic effect

 Great focus on aesthetic features of the source text (at expense of meaning if

necessary)

 Close rendering of metaphors,

collocations, technical terms,

colloquialisms , etc

Semantic translation

texts, legal texts, politicians’ speeches)

- Expressive texts (literature)

Communicative translation

 Freer than semantic translation

 Give priority to the effectiveness of the

Communicative translation

Idiomatic translation

 Reproduce the message of the original

 Prefer colloquialisms and idioms which

do not exist in the original

 Outcome: Lively, natural translation

Free translation

manner, the content without the form of the original

 Paraphrase much longer than the original

 Used for: informative translation, in-

house publication

 The freest form of translation

 Preserve the theme, plots, characters only

 The SL culture is converted to the TL

culture

 A kind of rewriting in translation

 Used for: plays, poems, songs, advertising

Translation procedures

procedure

Transference

 A SL word is directly taken into TL text with no translation

 Used for: proper names, proper nouns, new

technical terms that do not have equivalents in the TL.

 To create stylistic effect



(pronunciation and morphology)



Through translation

into the TL

(names of organization, collocations)

Shift or transposition

speech) from SL to TL.

translated into a TL due to a change in the point of view

Cultural equivalent

cultural word considered equivalent to it

Functional equivalent

translation for a cultural word in the ST

Descriptive equivalent

explained in several words

procedures for dealing with a single

problem

may be combined with a functional or

cultural equivalent

Nature of equivalence

translation

different perspectives in discussing and analyzing - > many different theories

Definition of equivalence

that allows the TT to be considered as the translation of the ST

languages

Koller’s theory – Denotative equivalence

thing in the real word This is the

referential identity between SL and TL

units

 This is equivalence of the extra linguistic content of a text, or “content invariance”

Koller’s theory – Connotative equivalence

same communicative values in the mind

of native speakers of the two languages.

of word choices with respect to level of

style, social and geographical

dimensions, etc

Text- normative equivalence

similar text types in their respective languages

Pragmatic equivalence

effect on the reader

Formal equivalence

songs

Translation revision

 What to assess? (criteria)

- Accuracy, naturalness, clarity, consistency

 How to assess? (7 methods)

1 Comparing with the source text

 Aim: to measure meaning equivalence -> make sure: no omissions,

no additions, no changes of meaning.

 Procedures: a draft of translation (with double spacing and wide margins) and the source text

2 Back – translation into the source text

 Aim: to measure meaning equivalence, to look for differences in

meaning between the source text and the translation

 Procedures:

+ The back-translator: a person with good command of both languages + This person makes the back-translation without having read the source text

4 Comparing with non-translated parallel texts

 Aim: checking translation against expectancy norms (the expectations of the target readership and the client etc.)

 Procedures: Compare with parallel texts (texts with the same thematic content but not translations)

6 MEASURING READABILITY

- To identify possible problems of information load

- To see whether a text has a good style

- A text is easy to read because it has a good style, a pleasing rhythm, and moves along at an acceptable pace

 Procedures:

- Someone (preferably one of the potential users of the translation) reads

a part of the translation aloud

- If s/he stops, rereads, or looks confused or reads inaccurately, indicators

of some problems in readability.

- Note: readability may be affected by formatting matters (eg space

7 MEASURING CONSISTENCY

+ to ensure the consistency in terms of content (e.g key terms, the spelling

of the names of people and places, etc )

+ to ensure the consistency the technical details of the presentation

e.g punctuation, footnotes, etc