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Trang 1 Cấu trúc đề thi:Task 1: Multiple choice Task 2: True/ FalseTask 3: Gap fillingTask 4: Translation methodsNội dung ôn:Định nghĩa độc giả văn bản dịch Đặc trưng của độc giả1, Defi

Cấu trúc đề thi: Task 1: Multiple choice Task 2: True/ False Task 3: Gap filling Task 4: Translation methods Nội dung ôn: Định nghĩa độc giả văn dịch  Đặc trưng độc giả 1, Definition: a group that readers that the text is aimed at 2, Features: level of education, class, age, gender 3, Types: expert (chuyên gia) Educated layman ( có kiến thức) The uninformed (ko có kiến thức)  Translation methods Nhớ xác phương pháp trang 21 1, word for word translation Source language word order is preserved Words are translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context And non- grammatical Literal translation Source language grammatical structures are converted to their nearest equivalent in the TL But words are still translated sighly, out of context 3, Faithful translation Words are translated in context Uncompromising to the target language Transfer cultural words Does not naturalize 4, Semantic translation (phổ biến nhất) trọng tâm Naturalize to achieve aesthetic effect Great focus on aesthetic features of the source text (at expense of meaning if necessary) Close rendering of metaphors, collocations, technical terms, colloquialisims… Used for Text that have high status (religious texts, legal texts, politician’s speeches)  Expressive texts (literature) 5, Communicative translation Freer than semantic translation Give priority to the effectiveness of the message to be communicated Focus on read ability and naturalness (the content and language are readily) Used for: informative texts (tập hợp thong tin) 6, Idiomatic translation Reproduce the message of the original Prefer colloquialisms and idioms which not exist in the original Out come: lively, natural translation 7, Free translation Reproduce the matter without the manner, the content without the form of the original Paraphrase much longer than the original 8, Adaption (phỏng dịch) The freest form of translation Preserve the theme, plots, characters only The SL culture is converted to the TL culture A kind of rewriting in translation Used for: plays, poems, songs, advertising Translation procedures Memorize names of all procedures Outstanding 1, Transference A SL word is directly taken into SL text with no translation Used for: proper names, proper nouns, new technical terms that not have equivalents in the TL 2, Naturalization A transferred word is adapted to the TL (pronunciation and morphology) 3, Through translation Literal translation of a word/ expression into the TL Used for: already recognized terms (names of organization, collocations) 4, Shift or transposition Involve a change in the grammar (part of speech) from SL to TL 5, Modulation A variation in the message when it is translated into a TL due to a change in the point of view 6, Cultural equivalent A SL cultural word is translated by a TL cultural word considered equivalent to it 7, Functional equivalent The use of a culture-free word in a translation for a cultural word in the ST 8, Descriptive equivalent The meaning of the original word is explained in several words 9, Couplets Combination of two translation procedures for dealing with a single problem Common for cultural word: transference may be combined with a functional or cultural equivalent  Translation equivalence Nature Definition Koller’s theory 1, Nature of equivalence Equivalence is the central issue in translation There are different viewpoints and different perspective 2, Definition The relationship between a ST and a TT that allows the TT to be considered as the translation of the ST Not the relationship between two languages 3, Koller’s theory (5 loại) a, Denotative equivalence The SL and TL words refer to the same thing in the real word This is the referential identity between SL and TL units This is equivalence of the extra linguistic content of a text, or “content invariance” b, Connotative equivalence The SL and TL words should produce the same communicative values in the mind of native speakers of the two languages The equivalence is transmitted by means of word choices with respect to level of style, social and geographical dimensions… c, Text normative equivalence The SL and TL words use the same or similar text types in their respective languages d, Pragmatic equivalence The SL to TL words have the same effect on the reader  Mainly ain… e, Formal equivalence Rhyme, verse form, word play, metaphor Particularly used in translation of poems, songs Translation revision What to assess? Criteria Accuracy, naturalness, clarity, consistency How to assess? (7 methods) bỏ   Interpreting process Có loại: dịch đồng thời (simultaneous) Dịch đuổi (consecutive) Listening and comprehension: ideas, not words Analyzing: speech type + Note taking: main ideas, links, not individual words Memorizing: visualization, tagging ideas, mind-mapping _ Reconstitution and interpretation Asking for clarification Public speaking (eye contact) Efficient delivery: speed, emphasis Professional issues Common code of ethics for both translators and interpreters Ensure competence: only accept work which is within his/her competence Ensure accuracy: translate accurately and completely all that is said or written (no additions, no omissions, no change) ko thêm, ko bớt, ko thay đổi Ensure impartiality (công bằng) maintain professional detachment Ensure confidentiality: must not disclose information VD: semantic translation is used for informative