(Tiểu luận) logistics quản lý chuỗi cung ứng đề tài cold chain logistics for agricultural product in vietnam

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ QUỐC DÂN VIỆN THƯƠNG MẠI VÀ KINH TẾ QUÔC TẾ ĐỀ ÁN CHUYÊN NGÀNH LOGISTICS & QUẢN LÝ CHUỖI CUNG ỨNG ĐỀ TÀI COLD CHAIN LOGISTICS FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT IN VIETNAM GVHD: ThS Trần Thị Thu Trang Họ tên: Đỗ Quỳnh Trang MSV: 11208001 Lớp: LSIC 62 Table of Contents A INTRODUCTION B BODY PARAGRAPH I THEORETICAL BASIS OF COLD CHAIN LOGISTICS Overview of cold chain logistics 1.1 Definition of cold chain logistics 1.2 Emergence of cold chain logistics 1.3 Features of cold chain logistics 1.4 Stages of cold chain logistics 1.5 Functions of cold chain logistics Factors impacting cold chain logistics development 2.1 Macroeconomic factors 2.2 Microeconomic factors II COLD CHAIN LOGISTICS FOR AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS IN VIETNAM 10 Current situation of cold chain logistics activities in Vietnam for agricultural product 10 1.1 General situation of Cold Chain Logistics service in Vietnam 10 1.2 Situation of refrigerated warehouse service 12 1.3 Situation of refrigerated transport service 15 Current situation of cold chain application for agricultural products in Vietnam 20 2.1 Demand on using cold chain logistics for agricultural products 20 2.2 Cold chain logistics operation 23 Factor impacting cold chain logistics service for agricultural products in Vietnam 27 Evaluation of cold chain logistics service for agricultural products in Vietnam 29 4.1 Advantage 29 4.2 Limitation 30 III SOLUTION FOR COLD CHAIN LOGISTICS IN VIETNAM 32 Challenges 32 Opportunities 33 Cold chain logistics model in foreign countries 34 Lesson learned from foreign cold chain logistics model 37 C CONCLUSION 39 REFERENCES 39 (Notteboom, 2021) A INTRODUCTION Rationale Cold supply chain is a fairly common concept in countries with developed agriculture, which is understood as supply chains that are able to control and maintain the appropriate temperature for goods that require storage different refrigeration systems, in order to ensure and prolong the shelf life of high temperature sensitive items such as agricultural products, seafood, frozen seafood, fresh cut flowers, special pharmaceutical products vaccines, etc The need to develop cold supply chains starts from developed countries in the context of globalization, the increase in global trade with perishable items such as vegetables, seafood, fresh flowers, etc .and the trend of consuming high quality, safe and healthy goods in recent years In Vietnam, the benefits of cold supply chains have been recognized and the market is initially open to investment and business Cold supply chains bring practical benefits in non-production and business activities, increase efficiency, and reduce losses for perishable goods supply chains (such as vegetables, fruits, aquatic products, agricultural products, flowers, etc.) fresh, poultry, beverages, frozen, canned foods, etc.) in both export and domestic consumption I chose to research the study "Cold chain logistics for agricultural product in Vietnam" to learn more about the industry, analyze and evaluate potentials, as well as make recommendations to adopt the cold chain logistics in agricultural products in Vietnam to develop more Objectives & Scope This topic will focuses on analyzing the current situation of application of cold chain logistics for agricultural products in Vietnam Therefore, I summarize the current status of agriculture industry in Vietnam and discuss active cold chain logistics, gaps in the existing state of cold chain logistics and compare the state of cold chain logistics development in Vietnam with that in developed countries to take lessons from them Research Methods Using the method of selecting and collecting information from domestic and foreign reference sources as evidence for the thesis and as a premise for the analysis of the research object Types of documentation include magazine, news, textbook, report of organization, science researches and internet researchers Structure of the topic In addition to the Table of Contents, List of Tables and Figures, Introduction Conclusion and List of References, my research is divided into three parts as follows: • Theoretical review of cold chain logistics • Cold chain logistics for agriculture product in Vietnam • Solution for cold chain logistics in Vietnam B BODY PARAGRAPH I THEORETICAL BASIS OF COLD CHAIN LOGISTICS Overview of cold chain logistics 1.1 Definition of cold chain logistics According to Rodriguez: “Cold chain is a supply chain in which goods are transported by applying related measures and services at low temperatures to ensure the best properties of goods and products after production ” It means cold chain logistics includes delivery and maintain goods at proper low temperature The concept of cold supply chain has been applied in many parts of the world to store fresh goods from meat, fish, seafood, eggs, milk, to fruits and vegetables According to Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA): “Cold chain is the management of the temperature of perishable products to maintain quality and safety from the first step through the distribution chain to the final consumer.” This concept is defined as supply chains that can regulate and maintain the proper temperature for other types of goods needing cold storage, is also reasonably common in nations with developed agricultural sectors to guarantee and extend the shelf life of high-temperaturesensitive goods like pharmaceuticals, processed frozen goods, aquatic products, and farming goods From the above definitions, it can be seen that a cold supply chain is a special form of logistics and a complex refrigeration system, including several links, the overall processes from procurement, processing, distribution distribution, retail, and consumption are all at temperatures lower than normal (Zhang & Chen, 2011) 1.2 Emergence of cold chain logistics Ice and snow were used for food preservation by humans in the distant past Since the 1970s of the 19th century, when France began importing frozen pork from South America and the UK began importing frozen beef and pork from Australia, the phrase "food freezing" has been in use A New Zealand Despite the relatively recent implementation of food refrigeration, the term "cold supply chain" didn't originate until the 1980s After that, as air conditioners and refrigeration systems gradually became popular, logistics businesses created countless new ways to transport goods that need to be refrigerated In the past, most of the activities related to the cold supply chain were mainly internal activities of the manufacturer Productivity at this time is still low and the scale is very limited However, the U.S has huge supporting from regulatory agencies, leading to logistics companies are capable on specializing cold chain logistics services Document continues below Discover more Logistics from: Management Đại học Kinh tế Quố… 239 documents Go to course Trường Đại học Kinh tế 24 111 Quốc dân Việt Nam Logistics Management 100% (4) Kiến thức Logistics quản lý… Logistics Management 100% (3) HOẠT ĐỘNG Logistics CỦA Shopee Logistics Management 100% (3) BAI - 456 14 Logistics Management 100% (2) Viettel post 74 Logistics Management 100% (1) Tai lieutieu luan hay ve 52 incoterm… Logistics Thanks to specialization, many large logistics service providers such as FedEx and Management UPS not only stop at the transportation sector, but also steer to niche markets, shifting their focus to the transportation and storage of sensitive goods higher temperature Following in the footsteps of large leading enterprises, over time, more and more other businesses have entered this market, making competition between enterprises become stronger Thereby, promoting the development of more convenient and optimal refrigeration services People becomes more and more aware of the value and unique situation of the cold supply chain The analysis and testing of vaccines have previously only been used for transportation and without special conditions, putting these products at risk of becoming ineffective or having a negative impact on the user This is a typical example from the pharmaceutical industry Therefore, the increasing demand for exchange and trade leads to a higher demand for preservation of these items Cold chain logistics is able to combine with technology and allows people to invest more in the field of cold supply 1.3 Features of cold chain logistics Cold supply chains consist of two basic logistics systems: cold storage network and cold transport system A network of temperature-controlled cold storage facilities for the storage of sensitive and perishable items Meanwhile, the refrigerated transport system includes transport vehicles such as trucks, refrigerated containers, specialized equipment for transportation and delivery, checking and maintaining the necessary cold temperature In addition, Rogrigue & Notteboom (2020) adds two more components of the cold supply chain, including cooling systems and cold processing and distribution systems Specifically, the refrigeration system is responsible for making goods at the appropriate temperature for processing, preservation and transportation; while the cold processing and distribution system provides facilities for the transformation and processing of goods as well as ensuring hygienic conditions; Loading and unloading boxes, boxes, and pallets for distribution 1.4 Stages of cold chain logistics The cold chain is an organic combination of four linked systems: precooling, cold storage, refrigerated transport, and marketing Each link in the cold chain is correlated and interdependent, and problems in any link will increase the loss and waste of food and related human and material resources and render irrelevant any subsequent links in the cold chain ● Precooling Before entering the cold chain low-temperature environment, the first step for fresh agricultural products is precooling, which is critical to ensure food safety and extend 100% (1) shelf life The main purpose of precooling is to rapidly remove field heat (or carcass temperature) of fresh produce after harvest, slaughtering, or fishing This step slows the physicochemical activities in the produce, slows the development of disease, and minimizes the destruction of the sensory properties and nutrients In terms of temperature standards in the cold supply chain, different types of goods will have different temperature requirements throughout the entire supply process, which include: - Deep Frozen from -28 to 30 degrees This is the coldest temperature mainly for transporting seafood - Frozen from -16 to 20 degrees, mainly for maintaining meat - Chiller which from to degrees, is the standard temperature in refrigerators commonly used to transport fruits and vegetables In addition, 2-8 degrees is an appropriate temperature for storing common pharmaceutical products 12-14 degrees is suitable for the supply chain to transport bananas, the most produced and transported fruit item in the world ● Refrigerated warehouse A refrigerated warehouse (RW) serves mainly to provide a stable, suitable, and longterm low temperature environment to conserve the quality of fresh agricultural products after precooling As such, RWs are a crucial link in the food supply chain and provide centralized storage and management of goods, maintain a balance between supply and demand, and regulate the transport capacity of goods At present, the common storage methods for fresh agricultural products are cold air storage (CAS) and modified-atmosphere storage (MAS) ● Refrigerated transport Refrigerated transport (RT) connects the upstream and downstream links in the cold chain Multiple modes of RT are available, including marine, air, road, and rail, and the optimal mode of RT depends on shelf life, economic value, cost, and customer demand (Yavas and Ozkan-Ozen, 2020) RT systems operate for the most part in a harsh environment, and the cooling performance is affected by many adverse factors, such as relative humidity, relative wind or vehicle speed, variable climatic conditions, solar radiation, heat infiltration, and degradation of insulation materials (Artuso et al., 2019) Therefore, RT systems usually have a lower COP than stationary refrigeration systems because they are mainly responsible for maintaining the temperature of precooled cargo rather than reducing the cargo temperature (Tassou et al., 2009) Road transport via RVs is the most common mode of food transport, and as such is the main focus of research around the world (Mercier et al., 2017) ● Marketing Marketing is the final, crucial stage in the food cold chain before the food products reach the consumer Field surveys in various countries show that chilled foods face serious temperature and humidity abuse in retail stores (Derens-Bertheau et al., 2015; Derens et al., 2006) In China, almost 80% of fresh fruits and vegetables in supermarkets experience temperature abuse Related research reports that inappropriate temperature and humidity management is responsible for more than half of all unmarketable produce (Xie et al., 2021; Chaomuang et al., 2017) Furthermore, the accumulation and transmission of various risk factors (e.g., temperature and humidity abuse, quality deterioration, cross-contamination) in the early stages of the cold chain also negatively impact thefood quality and safety in the marketing process Therefore, marketing is the most vulnerable and the closest link in the cold supply chain to consumers; a lack of strict quality and safety supervisionin this last line of defense can make the whole Cold chain logistics fall short 1.5 Functions of cold chain logistics After harvest, fruits and vegetables remain alive and have vital signs The vital processes such as respiration, evaporation, ethylene release, and other disseminations of living biological entities continue without interruption and consume their organic material , thereby degrading of the quality of fresh produce and limiting its shelf life Throughout the supply chain, the physical, chemical, and biological changes in fresh produce are affected by intrinsic factors such as thermal and moisture diffusion in the produce, climactic factors, non-climactic factors and extrinsic factors like compression, impacts, vibration, temperature, concentration of ethylene, O2, and CO2 Therefore, temperature is one of the most important environmental factor affecting the deterioration rate and postharvest lifetime (Han et al., 2018a) The cold chain ensures the quality of chilled and frozen goods with the core mission of keeping food transported at lower temperatures With strict time limits, chilled and frozen goods require more complex transportation and more streamlined management than goods transported at normal ambient temperatures Products in the cold chain can be transported by a number of means, including: trucks, refrigerated trains, refrigerated freight trains, refrigerated trucks as well as air freight Thereby, ensuring the core purpose of keeping and preserving goods at a certain temperature from production to consumption; minimize production costs and ensure the safety and quality of perishable goods; strengthen linkages between stages in the same supply chain Factors impacting cold chain logistics development 2.1 Macroeconomic factors Several macro-economic factors can impact cold chain logistics Some of these factors include: • Economic growth