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绪论
选题缘起
In recent years, technological advancements have made the internet an essential means of communication in daily life, leading to the widespread use of internet vocabulary as a common linguistic phenomenon Internet language represents a new direction in the development of the Chinese language in the 21st century (Qian Nairong, 2001) On August 31, 2022, the China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) released the 50th "Statistical Report on the Development of China's Internet." The report indicates that by the end of the specified period, significant trends and statistics regarding internet usage in China were highlighted.
2022 年 06 月，中国网民规模达到 10.51 亿，较 2021 年 12 月新增网民
Đến năm 1919, tỷ lệ sử dụng Internet đạt 74,4%, cho thấy thời đại ngôn ngữ mạng đã đến Các nền tảng mạng xã hội như WeChat, QQ, Douyin và Weibo đã trở thành một phần quan trọng trong cuộc sống hàng ngày của con người Sự giao tiếp trực tuyến ngày càng gia tăng, dẫn đến sự xuất hiện của nhiều thuật ngữ mới trong ngôn ngữ mạng, chẳng hạn như: "嘴替", "绝绝子", "凡尔赛", "破防了", "YYDS", "emo".
The term "lying flat" exemplifies the widespread dissemination of internet language, which serves as a new mode of communication that meets the needs of individuals and contemporary society Internet language not only comprehensively reflects the latest social developments but also enriches the linguistic system, making it more diverse and vibrant.
Since the reform and opening up, China's political, economic, and cultural strength has significantly increased, enhancing its global status As a result, the Chinese language has gained widespread popularity and is being taught and learned across the world.
In November, the first Confucius Institute was established in Seoul, South Korea, leading to a significant proliferation of these institutes worldwide As of December 2019, there were a total of 162 Confucius Institutes across various countries and regions globally.
The establishment of 550 Confucius Institutes and 1,172 Confucius Classrooms in primary and secondary schools highlights the growing interest in learning Chinese language and culture, with a total of 1,722 educational institutions dedicated to this purpose This trend indicates a yearly increase in Chinese language learners.
As China's global influence rises and the Belt and Road Initiative progresses, Vietnam has experienced a surge in interest in learning Chinese, with a notable increase in the number of university students studying the language This "Chinese language fever" is accompanied by a growing impact of online language trends, which significantly influence students as they learn Mandarin.
This study focuses on the impact of internet language on Chinese major students at Hanoi Capital University By examining the factors influencing college students' use of internet language, the research aims to broaden the understanding of vocabulary acquisition among students Additionally, it seeks to clarify how internet language affects these students, ultimately aiding them in utilizing internet language more effectively and enhancing their understanding of Chinese social culture and traditions.
研究目的
With the rapid development and widespread use of the internet, a plethora of new terms and phrases have emerged and circulated online Internet language has transcended its digital origins, becoming an integral part of daily communication For Chinese language learners, it offers valuable resources and practical avenues for interaction However, it also poses significant challenges that can impact their language acquisition This article analyzes the effects of internet language on Chinese major students at Hanoi Capital University and provides recommendations to help them effectively master and utilize Chinese internet language, enhancing their overall language learning while mitigating any negative consequences associated with its use.
研究意义
Internet language, as an emerging form of Chinese, significantly impacts Chinese language learners Studying the influence of internet language on college students can enhance their communication skills.
Researching internet language and its impact on college students is crucial for enhancing their language cognitive abilities and understanding of Chinese language and culture, ultimately aiding their integration into Chinese society.
Language serves as a vessel for culture, and studying internet language can enhance our understanding of the cultural meanings it conveys.
Studying internet language is beneficial for understanding the characteristics and essence of language development, which in turn promotes research in related fields.
Thirdly, internet language represents a phenomenon of linguistic variation Studying internet language can provide insights into its usage and evolution, and it contributes to a deeper understanding of the rules governing language variation.
Network language is a significant area of study within sociolinguistics, reflecting the changes in contemporary society's culture, values, and thought processes Examining the impact of network language on university students aids in understanding the evolving trends in sociolinguistics.
With the rise of internet language, college students increasingly encounter it in their daily communication and studies Examining the impact of internet language on students can enhance their understanding of its characteristics and usage patterns, ultimately improving their proficiency and effectiveness in language learning.
The use of informal language forms, such as abbreviations and emojis, in online communication can sometimes lead to misunderstandings among college students Studying the impact of internet language on this demographic is essential for helping them recognize and utilize these forms appropriately, thereby preventing unnecessary communication barriers.
第三，网络语言是当代社会的一种流行语言形式，掌握和应用网络
语言，有助于大学生更好地融入中国社会，增强交流和沟通能力。
Fourthly, the informal and vulgar characteristics of internet language can significantly impact college students Understanding these effects is essential for guiding and regulating the use of online language, ultimately fostering a positive online communication environment.
研究文献综述
1.4.1 网络语言文献综述
Internet language, as a variant of the Chinese language, is intricately linked to social, cultural, and psychological factors, permeating various aspects of daily life Since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a growing interest in the study of internet language Current research not only focuses on the language itself—its vocabulary, structure, origins, characteristics, and impact—but also expands to include analyses of the psychological aspects of internet users, their attitudes toward internet language, and the norms surrounding it The study of internet language can be broadly categorized into three types: dictionaries, published works, and academic papers.
The "Internet Fashion Dictionary," edited by Yi Wen'an in 2000, features over a thousand contemporary and trendy internet terms This dictionary is divided into five chapters, encompassing internet slang, colloquialisms, specialized terminology, organizations and companies, and digital language Each entry is explained in an authoritative, practical, yet light-hearted and humorous manner, making it the first dedicated dictionary of internet language in China.
于根元主编的《中国网络语言词典》（2001），该词典收录了网络
The article contains over 1,300 entries, including specialized terminology, conversational phrases, and numerical symbols, all organized in alphabetical order according to Pinyin Each entry features clear and concise definitions, making it accessible and easy to understand.
The "Latest Dictionary of Internet Communication Terms," edited by Zhou Jianmin and Xiong Yimin in 2008, includes 1,812 entries of internet communication vocabulary Most of the example sentences are sourced from online platforms, with some derived from books and newspapers This dictionary categorizes internet communication terms into four main sections: Chinese characters, numbers, letters, and symbols.
汪磊主编的《新华网络语言词典》（2012），该词典收录了网络词
This dictionary contains 2,946 entries and 280 online symbols, providing comprehensive explanations of internet terminology along with their origins and context, making it a valuable resource for internet users.
Edited by Feng Jun, the "New Online Dictionary" (2012) includes 831 entries categorized into five major groups and 25 themes It provides a comprehensive analysis of internet slang through the dimensions of "meaning, etymology, and differentiation," while also offering a meticulous overview of trending online events, effectively reflecting the essence of China's online society.
On August 10, 2020, the 12th edition of the "Xinhua Dictionary" was officially published, marking it as China's first modern Chinese dictionary This edition includes many internet slang terms such as "fan," "like," and "act cute," which have gained widespread usage in recent years alongside societal development.
Online specialized dictionaries significantly aid individuals in understanding and researching internet language For newcomers to the internet, these dictionaries help overcome language barriers, facilitating smoother online communication Additionally, they provide valuable resources for studying internet language, offering insights into its usage and standards As internet language continues to evolve, the emergence of these dictionaries indicates a deeper scholarly focus on this dynamic form of communication.
于根元在《网络语言概说》（2001）中，提出了网络词语“新”、
The characteristics of "vitality" and "diversity" in internet language highlight its unique features This groundbreaking work is recognized as the first comprehensive study of internet language in China, examining both its advantages and disadvantages Additionally, it addresses the appropriate attitudes toward the use of internet language in contemporary communication.
Li Li, in her 2005 work "The Nature and Characteristics of Internet Vocabulary," highlights that internet vocabulary is characterized by simplicity, randomness, diversity, and instability, evolving increasingly towards non-verbal symbolism.
In their 2008 study published in "Research on Internet Language," Lv Mingchen, Cao Jia, and Li Weida explore the nature, characteristics, and processes of online verbal communication within the framework of speech intersection theory They discuss the unique phenomena of internet language communication and highlight the differences between online interactions and everyday verbal exchanges.
In "New Explorations of Internet Language" (2010), Tang Meiying analyzes the nature, characteristics, classification, popularity, and rhetorical aspects of internet language across twelve chapters, providing a comprehensive study of the subject Similarly, Zhang Yunhui's "Research on Internet Language Grammar and Pragmatics" (2010) examines the current state, genres, grammar, and pragmatics of internet language, employing theories such as memetics and communication theory to ensure a solid foundation for the research.
Zhang Yingwei's "Research on Internet Language" (2015) provides a comprehensive examination of the structure, phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, and writing of internet language, while also proposing pragmatic strategies This book's research is closely aligned with contemporary trends and employs innovative methodologies, making it highly valuable for reference.
In their 2005 article "The Homophony and Standardization Issues of Internet Vocabulary," Feng Nian and Feng Guangyi analyze the context and style of online language, categorizing and explaining the phenomenon of "homophony" within internet vocabulary.
In his 2006 work "Analysis of Word Formation in Internet Vocabulary," Hui Tiangang explores the patterns of word formation in online language He identifies the concept of "latent morphemes," which are elements that previously did not participate in word formation now beginning to do so within internet vocabulary, showcasing increased productivity and freedom Additionally, he highlights the growing significance of color meanings in the word formation process.
研究理论基础
1.5.1 社会语言学理论
社会语言学理论是由美国语言学家拉波夫（William Labov）在 20
世纪 60 年代提出的。他在研究美国英语的不同方言时，发现不同地区 和社会群体的人们在使用语言时存在明显的差异，这些差异不仅体现在 语音、词汇和语法上，也体现在语言使用的场合、风格和语境上。拉波 夫通过调查和研究，认为语言的形式和使用方式受到社会和文化因素的 影响。因此，在研究网络语言时，需要考虑社会文化因素和网络环境因 素的相互作用。例如，研究网络语言的类型和特点时，需要考虑使用者 的社会背景、文化背景、地理位置、年龄、性别等因素。这些因素影响 着他们在网络上的交流方式和及目的。社会语言学理论为研究网络语言 提供了一个全面、系统的研究框架，可以帮助我们更好地理解和分析网 络语言的特点、流行规律以及与社会文化和环境的关系等。
1.5.2 社会文化理论
Social cultural theory, proposed by Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, has become a significant framework in second language acquisition (SLA) research since the 1980s This theory emphasizes the crucial role of social and cultural factors in language learning It posits that language acquisition requires a specific social environment, where individuals gain linguistic knowledge and skills through interactions and communication with others, thereby enhancing their language proficiency Consequently, social interaction is regarded as a vital means of language learning Additionally, social and cultural factors influence the learning processes and outcomes for second language learners, highlighting the impact of diverse cultural backgrounds on language acquisition.
The learning environment significantly influences second language learners' understanding of both the language and its associated culture, ultimately affecting their overall language acquisition outcomes.
When examining the impact of internet language on college students, sociocultural theory plays a crucial role This theory enhances our understanding of how online language affects Chinese learners, providing a more in-depth analysis for second language acquisition research Additionally, it aids Chinese educators in developing more effective teaching strategies and methods, enabling learners to better grasp the language and cultural knowledge, ultimately improving their language proficiency and intercultural communication skills.
The theory of language contact, first introduced by Weinreich in 1953, examines the effects of different languages interacting and being used alternately on language acquisition, as well as the linguistic changes that occur in various contact situations In the realm of second language acquisition, this theory plays a significant role in studying the influence of internet language on college students With the widespread use of the internet and smartphones, Chinese learners now have increased opportunities to engage with and utilize internet language, which may impact their learning and usage of Chinese.
Language contact theory suggests that languages undergo changes during interactions For Chinese learners, exposure to and use of internet language can lead to linguistic blending and variation, potentially affecting their Chinese learning and usage This theory also highlights the social and cultural contexts of language change As learners engage with internet language, they may encounter diverse cultural and social backgrounds, which can influence their Chinese language acquisition and cultural identity Thus, applying language contact theory helps us understand the impact of internet language on Chinese learners and reveals the interactions and effects between different languages.
研究任务
A survey was conducted to assess the prevalence and frequency of internet language among Chinese major students at Hanoi Capital University The research utilized a questionnaire to gather insights on how students employ internet language in their social media interactions and everyday life.
语言的情况，包括使用频率、使用方式和目的等方面。
（2）分析网络语言对中文专业学生日常交际、汉语学习及运用产生 的影响。
To effectively address the use of internet language among Chinese major students, it is essential to propose targeted strategies and recommendations based on research findings These strategies should align with the specific usage patterns and needs identified in the study, ensuring that students can navigate and utilize online language effectively.
研究范围与方法
This study focuses on the impact of online language, specifically examining undergraduate students majoring in Chinese at the University of Hanoi, Vietnam.
为了完成论文所研究的问题，笔者采用一下研究方法：
（1） 文献法：收集有关网络语言对大学生的影响的论文、期刊、著
作等相关材料进行详细地阅读，分析前人的研究成果，并作出 总结。
（2） 分析法：选取了一些比较典型的网络语言进行解释，并对其进
（3） 比较法：将网络语言和传统语言进行比较，从而发现它们对现
实生活的影响。
（4） 问卷调查法：本文以河内首都大学中文专业的本科生为调查对
The article emphasizes the importance of conducting a survey to analyze the impact of online language on university students By examining the results of the questionnaire, it aims to provide a deeper understanding of how digital communication affects this demographic and offers recommendations for addressing any negative influences.
网络语言的研究综述及其理论基础
网络语言的界定
2.1.1 网络语言的定义
Scholars have varying perspectives on the definition of internet language, which can be summarized into several key viewpoints.
于根元（2001）在《中国网络语言词典》中对网络语言的定义是：
"Internet language, or '网语', is a modified form of Chinese and English vocabulary created by netizens to enhance typing speed, incorporating arbitrary links and symbols into text and images From the perspective of standard language expression, it represents a unique evolution in communication."
In the realm of online communication, the mingling of Chinese characters, numbers, and English letters often leads to the creation of unusual words, errors, and nonsensical phrases Despite these linguistic irregularities, this hybrid language has gained immense popularity among internet users, becoming a beloved form of authentic expression in the digital landscape.
施春宏（2010）在《网络语言的语言价值和语言学价值》中认为：
Online language can be categorized into two main types: one consists of specialized terminology and jargon related to the internet, while the other encompasses the communication phrases used by netizens in online chat rooms and bulletin board systems (BBS).
Xiong Yimin and Zhou Jianmin (2014) further elaborated on the concept of "internet language" based on its roots They identified two categories of new internet vocabulary: broadly, it encompasses terms related to computer and network technology, and secondly, it includes words that emerge and are frequently used on online platforms In a narrower sense, new internet vocabulary refers solely to the latter category.
① 于根元（2001） 中国网络语言词典[M].中国经济出版社，北京
② 施春宏（2010） 网络语言的语言价值和语言学价值[J].语言文字应用
③ 周建民、熊一民（2014）最新网络交际用语辞典[M].中国社会科学出版，北京.
Zhou Jianmin (2015) analyzes in "The Impact of Internet Language on Language Systems and Language Life—From the Perspective of Social Dialects" that computer and internet-specific terminology can be referred to as internet language, which encompasses the communication language used by netizens in their online interactions Previous research indicates that internet language has two broad meanings: one pertains to terms and vocabulary related to the internet and computer technology, such as "forum," "port," "browser," and "mouse"; the other consists of language created by netizens that is popular for information exchange online, including terms like "me me da," "beauty," and "hacker." Therefore, internet language can be defined as the language that emerges alongside the internet and is related to it This article primarily focuses on the high-frequency terms that are created by netizens and have gained popularity on the internet.
2.1.2 网络语言与传统语言的区别
网络语言和传统语言在语言结构和使用方式上存在很多差异：
Ngôn ngữ mạng ngày càng trở nên ngắn gọn và sử dụng nhiều từ viết tắt, con số và ký hiệu để truyền đạt thông tin nhanh chóng, giúp thể hiện cảm xúc và ý tưởng phức tạp một cách hiệu quả Ví dụ, "u" có thể đại diện cho "bạn", "DBQ" có nghĩa là "xin lỗi", và "666" thể hiện sự khen ngợi Ngược lại, ngôn ngữ truyền thống thường tuân thủ quy tắc, nhấn mạnh tính chính xác và đúng ngữ pháp, sử dụng các hình thức viết và nói chính thức Hơn nữa, ngôn ngữ mạng phong phú với nhiều từ lóng, từ ngữ phổ biến và từ mới, thường xuất phát từ cách diễn đạt của giới trẻ và văn hóa mạng, những từ này ít khi xuất hiện hoặc không được chấp nhận rộng rãi trong ngôn ngữ truyền thống.
Zhou Jianmin (2015) explores the impact of internet language on linguistic systems and everyday language use, analyzing it from the perspective of social dialects The study highlights how digital communication shapes language evolution and influences social interactions.
The evolution of online language has led to a more diverse and rich content, while traditional language focuses on the preservation of culture and history through widely accepted vocabulary and expressions Traditional language features stable vocabulary, grammar, and expressions that have developed over a long period.
Thirdly, internet language is more casual and is not restricted by geography or age, allowing anyone to use it In contrast, traditional language is influenced by regional and age-related factors, resulting in varying language habits; for instance, older individuals tend to use more formal polite expressions, while younger people often favor slang and internet terminology.
Fourthly, internet language is not constrained by traditional grammar and spelling rules, allowing for greater freedom and flexibility For instance, it often includes spelling mistakes, grammatical errors, and ambiguous meanings, as seen in phrases like "感动 ing" and "我太 n 了."
Expressions like "b4" and "吃过 ed" are not accepted in traditional language but are widely used in online communication.
网络语言产生的原因
2.2.1 客观的原因
（1）互联网的普及
The widespread development of the internet has significantly impacted people's lives, with an increasing number of individuals incorporating it into their daily routines, work, education, and entertainment The internet offers seamless and convenient communication methods, serving as a crucial foundation for the emergence and evolution of online language.
（2）计算机技术的特性
Giao tiếp trực tuyến chủ yếu được thực hiện qua việc gõ phím, và tốc độ gõ phím có ảnh hưởng đến khả năng nhập liệu Người dùng thường sử dụng các phương pháp nhập liệu như pinyin, smart pinyin, hoặc Wubi, nhưng điều này có thể dẫn đến việc nhập sai chữ và từ do hệ thống tự động gợi ý Để khắc phục sự chậm trễ trong giao tiếp, nhiều người đã chọn cách nhập liệu nhanh hơn bằng cách sử dụng số hoặc từ đồng âm, chẳng hạn như "斑竹" (bản chủ), "果酱" (quá khen), hay "7456" (khí chết tôi) Đặc điểm của bàn phím máy tính cũng cho phép người dùng sử dụng các ký hiệu để diễn đạt cảm xúc, như “:-)” cho sự vui vẻ và “o_0” cho sự ngạc nhiên Những cách thức này đã giúp đơn giản hóa việc diễn đạt bằng chữ Hán và tăng tốc độ nhập liệu.
Significant social events, influential figures' statements, and media references contribute to the emergence of new vocabulary For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, terms such as "逆行者" (reverse walker), "人民至上，生命至上" (people first, life first), and "抗疫" (fight against the epidemic) gained prominence Additionally, the term "后浪" (the younger generation), originally derived from the saying "the waves behind drive the waves in front," evolved to celebrate the new generation of youth in a popular video, garnering widespread attention and usage.
Young people, characterized by their independence, openness, and innovation, tend to use a diverse and creative language online, free from traditional linguistic constraints The internet serves as a creative space that allows users to fully express their imagination and creativity Through language, young individuals showcase their personalities and unique traits, as seen in the use of terms like "dinosaur" to describe unattractive female netizens and "frog" for unattractive male netizens These expressions reflect not only a shift in communication styles but also a distinctive cultural and aesthetic expression among youth In this linguistic environment, the internet becomes a vibrant space for individuality, innovation, and freedom, enabling young people to express themselves and highlight their uniqueness.
Today's youth seek fashion and a more comfortable, relaxed social environment The internet provides a level of communication freedom that traditional interactions lack, allowing individuals to express themselves equally and freely In this space, everyone has a voice, enabling unique self-expression and the pursuit of individuality Consequently, distinctive forms of expression are continually being created within this egalitarian and liberated communication landscape.
网络语言的类型
The complexity and diversity of internet language make its classification subjective, as different individuals use varying criteria and perspectives The fundamental components of language include phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar, with online language variations primarily evident in vocabulary and grammatical structures This article will categorize internet language based on its vocabulary and syntactic structures.
Homophony is a common rhetorical device in Chinese, involving the use of words that sound similar but have different meanings to replace original terms, thereby conveying rich, subtle, or indirect meanings Its application is prevalent in online language due to its simplicity and humor, greatly facilitating online communication Additionally, it adds a playful and friendly touch, making it popular among users Homophony can typically be categorized into four types: Chinese homophones, foreign language homophones, mixed Chinese-English homophones, and numerical homophones.
（1）汉语谐音类
With the rapid development of the internet, the frequency of homophonic words in online communication has significantly increased Chinese homophonic words utilize characters with the same pronunciation but different meanings to convey ideas Their emergence is influenced by both the subjective enjoyment and interest of internet users and the objective errors that occur during text input Consequently, users inadvertently create a vast number of Chinese homophonic words.
鸡冻——激动 童鞋——同学 砖家——专家 神马——什么 麻麻——妈妈 鸭梨——压力
卷发——转发 熏疼——心疼 杯具——悲剧
另外还有一些是来自汉语各方言，例如：
偶——我 木有——没有 酱紫——这样子 表——不要 稀饭——喜欢 感觉——赶脚
筒子——同志 灰常——非常 肿么了——怎么了
（2）外来谐音类
Foreign phonetic homophones refer to vocabulary that is created based on the pronunciation rules of foreign languages Their widespread use reflects not only the younger demographic of internet users but also the globalization of the internet.
Some foreign words expressed in Chinese characters are convenient and concise, making the speaker's tone light and engaging.
欧巴——oppa 拷贝——copy 血拼——shopping
粉丝——fans 嗨皮——happy 哒咩——不行、不许
黑客——hacker 哈喽——hello 卡哇伊——kawayi （可爱）
（3）组合谐音类
The combination of homophonic elements refers to the creation of words formed by combining Chinese characters, numbers, letters, and symbols These homophonic terms, crafted by internet users, resemble puzzles when viewed in written form, but reveal their intriguing meanings when pronounced.
Tony带水——拖泥带水 8错——不错
Book思议——不可思议 Star皆空——四大皆空
Sun心病狂——丧心病狂 半tour废——半途而废 Duck不必——大可不必 笑 blue齿——笑不露齿
（4）数字谐音类
The use of numbers that sound similar to Chinese characters allows for creative expression in online language This numerical language offers convenience for internet users, who enjoy using Arabic numerals that phonetically resemble Chinese words to represent phrases and even entire sentences.
表 2-1：数字 1 到 9 谐音意义的表格
数字 主要谐音
6 啦、老、溜、理、了
886——拜拜咯 7878——去吧、去吧 520——我爱你
555——呜呜呜 7456——气死我了 1314——一生一世
918——加油吧 8983——不见不散 1711——一心一意
Online users often condense longer sentences or multiple words to minimize input while ensuring their message is clear This practice typically falls into three categories: character abbreviations in Chinese, phonetic abbreviations in pinyin, and English abbreviations.
（1）汉字简缩类
Chinese character abbreviations typically consist of the first characters of multiple words to form a new term, or they can be created from several characters within a sentence to generate a new word.
“白富美”是“肤白、富有、貌美”，形容条件优越的女性。
“高富帅”是“高大、 富有、帅气”，形容条件优越的男性。
“人艰不拆”是“人生已经如此的艰难，有些事情就不要拆穿”。
“月光族”是每月花光所有收入的群体。
（2）拼音简缩类
Pinyin abbreviations are widely popular due to their simplicity and relevance to everyday life They enable individuals unfamiliar with internet slang to infer meanings through context For example, "MM" stands for "younger sister," "LZ" refers to "the original poster," and "NSDD" means "you are right."
NB——牛逼 BD——笨蛋 YYGQ——阴阳怪气
BT——变态 DBQ——对不起 YYDS——永远的神
（3）英语简缩类
In recent years, the widespread use of English has led to an overall improvement in the English proficiency of internet users Consequently, a trend has emerged where new internet slang terms are created by using English initials to represent words These abbreviations are not only easy to remember and write but also have a broad range of applications, making them popular among a large number of netizens.
BTW：By the way（顺便说一下）
DIY ：Do it yourself（自己制作）
OMG： Oh my god（我的天啊！）
GF：Girl Friend（女友）
RIP：Rest In Peace（安息）
PK：Player killing（原指网络游戏中玩家之间的较量，现引申为“对
决”、 “单挑”之意）
三、汉语旧词新义类
The category of "old words with new meanings" in Chinese refers to the phenomenon where internet users assign new meanings to traditional words during online social interactions, often using humor to convey specific ideas This creative linguistic approach can be likened to "new wine in old bottles," as netizens repurpose conventional vocabulary in innovative ways.
The term "White Bone Spirit," originally a monster from "Journey to the West," has evolved in online usage to refer to capable women in the workplace, often symbolizing "white-collar professionals, key personnel, and elites."
"Submersible" originally refers to activities such as exploration, salvage, and repair conducted underwater In the online context, it typically describes users in forums or chat rooms who browse without contributing opinions.
The term "打酱油," which originally means going to a store to buy soy sauce, has evolved online to signify avoiding political discussions and sensitive topics, indicating a stance of indifference or ignorance about such matters It reflects a casual attitude, akin to merely "passing by" without engaging.
网络语言的特点
Internet language is a variant of vocabulary that has emerged in the context of the digital age, distinct from traditional language with its own unique characteristics The rapid development of internet language has garnered significant attention, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its features By grasping these characteristics, we can better comprehend the meanings conveyed by internet language and use it correctly The main features of internet language include its innovative expressions, informal tone, and the influence of social media dynamics.
The rapid development of Chinese society has led to an increasingly fast-paced lifestyle, prompting people to pursue simplicity in their daily lives As a result, conciseness has become a significant characteristic of online language, with many internet terms emerging under this principle In online communication, complex vocabulary and phrases are rarely seen; instead, users prefer straightforward language to convey their messages This emphasis on brevity is often manifested through abbreviations, such as "你行你上" (If you think you can do better, go ahead), "何弃疗" (Why give up treatment), "YYDS" (Forever God), and "F2F" (face to face).
The phenomenon of "合音" in online language reflects the influence of connected and rapid speech, where two or more syllables are merged into a single syllable, exemplified by terms like "宣." This trend showcases the evolution of language in digital communication.
The article explores various Chinese expressions that convey specific meanings, such as "喜欢" (to like), "造" (to know), "不好看" (not good-looking), "大家好" (hello everyone), and "特好吃" (very delicious) These phrases illustrate the richness of the language and its ability to succinctly express sentiments and opinions.
From 2013 to 2022, the "Top Ten Buzzwords" published by "Bite the Words" reveal a significant distribution of word lengths The data shows that there are 42 phrases consisting of 1-2 characters, 44 phrases with 3-4 characters, and 14 phrases with 5 or more characters This indicates that internet language is characterized by its conciseness, effectively conveying rich meanings through simple forms.
图 2-1：2013 年至 2022 年《咬文嚼字》发布的“十大流行语” 2.4.2 广泛性
根据中国互联网络信息中心（CNNIC）统计数据显示，截至 2022
As of June, China's internet user base reached 1.051 billion, with an internet penetration rate of 74.4% The internet has become a vital communication tool, and once a particular online term gains popularity, it can rapidly spread and influence the entire network, permeating daily life and becoming inseparable from it For instance, the term "蛮拼的" conveys a strong sense of effort and dedication In his 2015 Chinese New Year address, President Xi Jinping highlighted the significance of such expressions in reflecting the spirit of hard work.
2013年 2014年 2015年 2016年 2017年 2018年 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年
1-2字 3-4字 5字以上
The term "hardworking" has gained significant popularity and recognition, inspiring many to emulate this spirit Observing the dedication and effort of those around us often prompts admiration and appreciation, highlighting the value of perseverance in our daily lives.
The term "reverse travelers" emerged in 2020, referring to those who, during the COVID-19 pandemic, chose to head into affected areas while others were fleeing These individuals, characterized by their selflessness, disregard for danger, and lack of concern for personal gain, embody the spirit of heroism The term gained widespread popularity among netizens and was recognized as one of the "Top Ten Buzzwords of 2020" by the publication "Bite the Words" on December 8, 2020.
Internet language is characterized by a strong sense of humor and unique playfulness, primarily created by young people When coining new terms online, they often infuse these words with entertaining qualities, whether humorous or satirical This fosters a sense of intimacy among users, facilitating communication and connection within the community For instance, phrases like "矮油" replace "哎呦," and "雨女无瓜" exemplify this creative linguistic trend.
The phrase "与你无关" has a homophonic playfulness in its usage, while internet language enriched with dialect features, such as "来了老弟" and "你肿么了," adds a unique flair Additionally, satirical terms like "菌男," which is a play on "俊男," showcase the creative evolution of language in contemporary communication.
“霉女”是“美女”的谐音等等。这些词语充分体现了网络语言诙谐性 的特点。
The internet has become a space where users can fully unleash their imagination and creativity Unlike traditional language, online language is less constrained by external influences, allowing for greater freedom of expression Internet users often employ metaphors, metonyms, and quotations to create innovative terms that describe new phenomena, showcasing remarkable originality Some words are redefined based on existing vocabulary, such as "frog" and "dinosaur," which acquire new meanings in the digital context.
“菜鸟”等；有些是新创造出来的，例如：“小白”、“破防”、“奥
Terms like "利给" are examples of vocabulary created by internet users based on everyday life or dialects Regardless of their origins, these words have gained widespread popularity in today's online environment, leading to the formation of unique and original lexicons.
The emergence of internet language is not governed by specific word-formation rules but is instead a product of spontaneous creation during online communication Freed from traditional linguistic constraints, internet language is shaped by personal preferences and creativity, resulting in a high degree of randomness Many internet terms disregard linguistic norms, often combining words in novel ways to convey information and express emotions For instance, phrases like "走召弓虽" (super strong), "稀饭" (like), "粗去" (go out), and "吃饭 ing" exemplify this trend While the randomness of internet language can lead to grammatical or spelling errors, it also infuses creativity and playfulness, making it a vital part of contemporary online culture.
The emergence and popularity of internet language are closely tied to social development and change, showcasing a strong sense of timeliness As more people adopt and use internet language, annual rankings of the top ten trending phrases are compiled, highlighting the ever-evolving nature of these terms This characteristic of internet language reflects its responsiveness to societal developments and current events Consequently, as the subjects it represents change, certain words may fade away alongside the phenomena they describe.
“恰特”、“小床”、“晒黑族”等；有的被新词语代替，如：“大虾”
The term "高手" has been replaced by "大神," reflecting a shift in language trends Additionally, contemporary internet slang such as "高富帅" (tall, rich, and handsome), "富二代" (rich second generation), "吃瓜" (to watch the drama), and "点赞" (to like) showcases distinct characteristics of today's digital culture.
网络语言的发展趋势
Dialectical materialism emphasizes that "the natural world, human society, and human thought are in constant motion, change, and development." Similarly, internet language is a dynamic system that evolves with societal changes and advancements in people's lives, leading to the emergence of new expressions that invigorate language However, some internet languages gradually fade from public consciousness as they no longer align with societal trends or lose popularity.
The development trend of internet language can be summarized in two pathways: first, some internet expressions may rapidly gain popularity but have a short lifespan, failing to withstand linguistic scrutiny and the test of time, leading to their gradual decline; second, other internet languages exhibit strong vitality, maintaining their relevance and eventually transitioning into common vocabulary, even becoming ingrained in everyday language.
2.5.1 从流行走向消亡
语言学家夏中华先生认为：“流行语是一个动态的过程，大多经历
The rise and fall of internet language reflects its transient nature in daily life, driven by the rapid development of the virtual world While some expressions gain temporary popularity due to their novelty, many do not adhere to the norms of the Chinese language and are destined for obsolescence Phrases like “累觉不爱” (too tired to love) and “城会玩” (city folks really know how to have fun) exemplify this trend, as their meanings are often unclear and they violate grammatical rules Additionally, terms with vulgar or negative connotations, such as “逗比” (fool) and “屌丝” (loser), lack appeal due to their low taste and societal negativity, leading to their inevitable decline in usage.
2.5.2 从流行语进入一般词汇
⑤ 夏中华（2007）.中国当代流行语全览 [M].学林出版社，上海
Linguist Jin Song believes that the future of slang can lead to two outcomes: either it fades away through disuse or it is accepted and becomes part of the general vocabulary Some internet slang terms gain widespread acceptance and usage in a short period, enduring the tests of time and linguistic rules As a result, these terms stabilize and integrate into the Chinese vocabulary system, securing their place in the language.
The "Modern Chinese Dictionary" incorporates stable meanings of internet language during its revisions, as evidenced by terms like "geili," "fans," "yanzi," and "dianzan" included in its seventh edition This indicates that internet vocabulary with clear meanings, appropriateness, and a positive connotation is widely accepted and used by the public As these terms stabilize in meaning, they eventually become part of the general vocabulary of the Chinese language.
Internet language is a unique form of communication that has evolved alongside the development of the internet, created and widely used by netizens Its emergence and growth are influenced by various factors, including the widespread accessibility of the internet, the characteristics of computer technology, and the impact of new trends Additionally, subjective factors such as a drive for innovation and a sense of fashion play a significant role Compared to traditional language, internet language exhibits many differences in structure and usage, which can be analyzed through its vocabulary and syntactic structures Furthermore, it is characterized by eight main features: simplicity, universality, humor, originality, informality, timeliness, vividness, and coarseness.
The development trends of internet language can be summarized in two main pathways: one leads to the decline of certain popular terms and expressions, which gradually fall out of common usage over time; the other sees internet language evolving into mainstream vocabulary, as some online expressions become integrated into everyday life and are widely accepted and utilized.
⑥ 劲松（1999） 流行语新探[J].语文建设.
Overall, internet language serves as a unique communication tool and cultural expression, influencing and complementing traditional language It plays a vital role in social media and online interactions in the digital age, continuously evolving and adapting to new social and technological environments.
网络语言对河内首都大学中文专业学生的影响调查分析
问卷调查的设计
The survey was conducted online, allowing students to complete and submit their questionnaires digitally The collected responses were then analyzed for data insights.
调查对象：河内首都大学中文专业学生。本次调查收回问卷 142 份，
142 份为有效问卷。
调查时间：2023 年 02 月 26 日- 2023 年 3 月 20 日
The survey consists of two main sections: personal information and Chinese major students' understanding and impact of internet language The first section collects data on the respondents' duration of Chinese study, proficiency level, average daily internet usage, whether they visit Chinese websites, and which Chinese social media platforms they use The second section explores university students' awareness of internet language, their level of interest, usage patterns, reasons for usage, and the influence of internet language on their Chinese learning experience.
调查结果统计与分析
3.2.1 基本情况分析
Table 3-1 presents the duration of Chinese language study among survey participants, categorizing the learners into five groups: those who have studied for less than a year, those who have studied for one to two years, two to three years, three to four years, and those with over four years of study.
调查结果显示，采访学生学习汉语的时长基本在一年以下到四年，
Among the surveyed students, those with 3 to 4 years of study represent the largest group at 27.5%, while only 1.4% have studied for more than four years This data indicates that most interviewed students possess a foundational knowledge of the Chinese language.
表 3-2：调查对象的汉语水平
汉语水平 初级 中级 高级
从表 4-2 可以看出，学生的汉语水平多处于中级和高级。中级水平 的学生人数最多，共 60 个（占 42.3%）；初级的学生共 39 个（占 27.5%）；高级的学生共 43 个（占 30.3%）。将图表 4-1 与图表 4-2 进 行对比能够发现，大学生学习汉语的时长与其汉语水平基本成正比。
表 3-3：调查对象每天上网时间 上网时间 小于 1 小时 1-3 个小时 3-5 个小时 5 小时以上
百分比 6.3% 29.6% 40.2% 23.9% 在调查学生对中文网页的使用之前先对学生每天上网时间进行统计，结果显示：40.2%的学生平均每天上网 3-5 个小时；29.6%的学生平均每
天上网 1-3 个小时；23.9%的学生平均每天上网 5 小时以上和 6.3%的学 生平均每天上网小于 1 小时。由此可见，学生在日常生活中很依赖网络， 对网络的关心程度很高。接下来，笔者针对调查对象在上网时游览中文 网页的频率进行统计，如下表所示：
表 3-4：调查对象上中文网页频率 上中文网页频率 经常 偶尔 很少 从不
The data indicates that over half of the students frequently or occasionally visit Chinese websites while online Comparing Tables 3-3 and 3-4 reveals that students have a high frequency of internet usage and regularly engage with Chinese web content This suggests that they are developing an awareness of using Chinese websites to understand Chinese social and cultural contexts in their daily lives.
图 3-1：调查对象使用中国社交媒体情况
微信 微博 抖音 小红书 知乎 QQ 其他
根据图 3-1 能够看出，学生经常使用抖音、微信、微博等中国社交 软件。可见，在互联网高速发展的时代，学生接触和学习汉语的方式正 在多样化。同时，学生在使用中国社交媒体的过程中会接触到一些网络 语言。根据调查，97.9%的学生曾接触过中国的网络语言。这项调查结 果表明，中国的网络语言已经非常普遍和流行，绝大多数的学生都有接 触过网络语言。由此可见，网络语言已经成为互联网社交活动中不可缺 少的一部分。
3.2.2 接触网络语言的途径和工具分析
The survey revealed that college students have numerous avenues for encountering internet language.
Theo hình 3-2, "xem phim truyền hình, phim điện ảnh, chương trình giải trí" chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất với 87,3%; tiếp theo là "các nền tảng mạng như WeChat, Weibo, QQ, Douyin" với 71,8%; sau đó là "giao tiếp với người khác: bạn bè, bạn học" chiếm 53,5%; những người chọn "trong lớp học tiếng Trung" chiếm 42,3%; và cuối cùng, tỷ lệ "thông qua báo chí, sách vở" chỉ đạt 31%.
笔者从以下四个方面分析产生上述结果的原因。
（1）学生真正在课堂上学习汉语的时间十分有限，而看中国电视、
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% 看电视剧、电影、综艺等
与他人交流：朋友、同学等
微信、微博、QQ、抖音等网络平台
在汉语课堂中 通过报纸、书籍等
Movies and variety shows play a crucial role in helping students understand Chinese culture In contemporary Chinese society, internet language has gradually permeated various fields, including television media As a result, college students can encounter internet language through programs such as TV dramas, films, and variety shows.
With the rise of the internet and the development of social media, online language has become a crucial means of communication Platforms like Douyin, WeChat, and Weibo have increased access to this form of language, providing students with more opportunities to engage with it Consequently, utilizing these online platforms has emerged as a primary method for Chinese language learners to understand and study online language.
In modern society, internet language has emerged as a popular form of communication, commonly used in online chats, social media, and text messaging Its concise, clear, and humorous nature has garnered widespread acceptance, allowing it to secure a significant role in everyday social interactions Consequently, university students learning Chinese will inevitably encounter internet language while communicating with Chinese friends.
The low frequency of choosing resources like magazines and books is attributed to their use of more formal and standardized Chinese, which presents a higher reading difficulty This requires readers to have a more advanced level of Chinese proficiency, a skill that most students have not yet attained, limiting their ability to read freely and resulting in fewer selections.
3.2.3 网络语言的使用情况
表 3-5：调查对象对网络语言的认知情况网络语言 认知人数 百分比 高富帅 75 52.8%
躺着也中枪 56 39.4%
Theo bảng trên, sinh viên đại học có mức độ nhận thức cao về ngôn ngữ mạng Trong 10 cụm từ ngôn ngữ mạng, cụm từ “tôi quá khó khăn” được sinh viên biết đến nhiều nhất với tỷ lệ nhận thức đạt 85,9% Tiếp theo là các cụm từ “1314”, “ăn dưa”, “đàn ông tồi” và “CP”, tất cả đều có tỷ lệ nhận thức vượt quá 60%.
The phrases "Duck 不必" and "no zuo no die" are not widely recognized, likely due to their origins in unique Chinese cultural contexts and idiomatic expressions, which are relatively new As a result, university students tend to have a lower level of awareness and understanding of these terms.
表 3-6：调查对象对网络语言的基本掌握情况
没见过 见 过 ， 不 知
知道意思， 并会使用
人数 比例 人数 比例 人
数 比例 富二代 36 25.4% 19 13.4% 36 25.4% 51 35.9%
颜值 45 31.7% 21 14.8% 33 23.2% 43 30.3% 凡尔赛 66 46.5% 29 20.4% 20 14.1% 27 19% 单身狗 19 13.4% 8 5.6% 36 25.4% 79 55.6% 么么哒 31 21.8% 15 10.6% 26 18.3% 70 49.3%
网络语言对中文专业学生日常交际产生的影响
In today's society, internet language has become an essential part of daily life and social interactions For students majoring in Chinese, learning and understanding internet language not only enriches their linguistic knowledge and expressive skills but also enhances their communication abilities.
Understanding and using internet language is crucial for Chinese major students as it enhances their communication skills and broadens their social interactions By engaging with various media such as newspapers, television news, radio broadcasts, and online content, learners can gain insights into contemporary Chinese society, thereby improving their proficiency in Chinese communication Modern communication tools play a significant role in facilitating this learning process.
The rapid spread of internet language has made it possible for students to effectively communicate and engage with others By appropriately using internet slang, they can better integrate into Chinese society and connect with their peers.
Additionally, online language aids students in understanding new concepts and trends in contemporary society, reducing communication barriers and enhancing their ability to capture effective information during interactions This facilitates meaningful communication, as students engage not only with peers from similar cultural backgrounds but also with many local Chinese students and friends Utilizing online language helps bridge psychological distances, thereby expanding their communication networks.
Additionally, internet language reflects the "fast-paced" lifestyle where people seek novelty and simplicity, leading to significant differences in thought processes compared to standard Chinese vocabulary By learning internet language, students can gain insights into contemporary Chinese thinking, thereby reducing barriers in cross-cultural communication Shared thought patterns can resonate with students, while differences may result in communication obstacles.
In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, many educational materials have become outdated, leaving students struggling to apply the vocabulary and phrases learned in class to real-life interactions with Chinese culture This disconnect can lead to communication barriers, as students may find themselves confused by colloquial expressions such as "你真牛" or questions about working for a "996公司." Such challenges can diminish their confidence in using Mandarin in everyday situations However, by mastering the meanings of contemporary internet language, students can engage more comfortably with their Chinese peers, fostering smoother communication and reducing the awkwardness that arises from misunderstandings Thus, in an era where internet language is pervasive, learning these expressions is essential for students to enhance their linguistic skills and navigate social interactions effectively.
Learning internet language enhances vocabulary and knowledge for Chinese major students, making communication more engaging and relatable It improves cultural communication skills and broadens social circles, emphasizing the importance of understanding digital communication in today's society.
An important task is to help individuals better adapt to contemporary Chinese society, enabling them to express themselves more fluently and accurately in cross-cultural communication.
The emergence of internet language has facilitated communication for Chinese major students, but it has also led to some negative consequences As more students incorporate internet language into their daily interactions, misunderstandings may arise due to its inherent randomness, which not everyone can grasp This is particularly true for those who are less familiar with the internet or are new to learning Chinese, as seen with terms like "666" and "Versailles."
The terms "偶" and "佛系" may be difficult for students unfamiliar with internet language to understand, leading to misunderstandings and confusion Excessive use of online jargon can hinder students' comprehension of statements and result in misinterpretation of the speaker's intentions, which may cause unnecessary misunderstandings and even create barriers in interpersonal communication.
The rise of internet language has led to the prevalence of "linguistic violence," a phenomenon commonly observed in the online world This form of violence typically involves the use of vulgar and flippant language to attack, belittle, and insult others, with examples including derogatory terms like "TMD," "SB," and "NQS." Such uncivil verbal behavior not only incites negative societal emotions but also has detrimental effects on society as a whole For students majoring in Chinese, "linguistic violence" significantly disrupts the development of good language habits and may even hinder their enthusiasm for learning and using the Chinese language.
In summary, internet language has facilitated communication to some extent, but it also presents certain drawbacks As students majoring in Chinese, we must assess the specific context and the background of our audience when deciding whether to use internet language, ensuring clear expression to avoid misunderstandings.
It is essential to cultivate good language habits and promote the use of polite language while avoiding crude and vulgar expressions By doing so, we can minimize the negative impact of internet language and contribute to a more civilized communication environment.
网络语言对中文专业学生汉语学习及运用的影响
一、有助于激发学生的学习兴趣
In the early stages of learning Chinese, many students are filled with interest and enthusiasm; however, as the difficulty of the language increases, this enthusiasm may wane, and progress becomes less noticeable This can lead to feelings of helplessness, negatively impacting their motivation to learn For intermediate and advanced students, despite having a solid vocabulary and grammar foundation, achieving further progress can be challenging As their studies deepen, learners may encounter a plateau, resulting in frustration and a potential loss of interest in continuing their Chinese language journey.
The emergence of internet language can inject new motivation into students, closely relating to contemporary social culture When Chinese major students frequently encounter interesting new terms in daily communication and various media, it significantly enhances their enthusiasm for learning Chinese Internet language often stimulates students' learning passion due to its concise, humorous, and vivid characteristics, exemplified by terms like "goddess" and "like."
The emergence of internet slang such as "高富帅" (tall, rich, and handsome), "白富美" (fair-skinned, rich, and beautiful), "女汉子" (tomboy), "1314" (forever), and "木有" (not have) makes learning Chinese more engaging for students By incorporating these expressions into their studies, students can find enjoyment in the language, which ultimately enhances their interest in learning Chinese and improves their language proficiency.
二、有助于学生更好地了解中国当代文化
Language serves as a carrier of culture, reflecting social dynamics and public psychology Internet language is a product of contemporary evolution, characterized by rapid dissemination and vivid expression It represents not just a shift in linguistic form but also embodies the transformations in society and cultural advancement.
Zhao Hualun (2016) noted that "internet language has increased people's attention to social phenomena and hot topics, with many terms related to news events." Indeed, in recent years, China's internet language has proliferated, reflecting societal changes and developments For instance, "Shuangjian" refers to a policy aimed at alleviating the heavy homework and extracurricular training burdens on students during compulsory education, highlighting the nation's focus on educational reform Similarly, "996" describes a controversial work schedule of 9 AM to 9 PM, six days a week Additionally, during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, numerous pandemic-related terms emerged, such as "reverse walker," "bringing goods," and "coincidentally," which illustrate the public's response to the crisis and their behaviors during this challenging time.
The emergence of internet language in China reflects not only a shift in linguistic trends but also the significant changes and developments within Chinese society By exploring internet language, we gain insights into contemporary ideas, concepts, events, and advancements, allowing us to better understand the evolving dynamics of Chinese society and integrate into the realities of the Chinese language.
In today's society, the internet has become a primary channel for information, communication, and entertainment For students majoring in Chinese, online language resources are essential for their studies By engaging with internet language, students can learn the latest and most popular Chinese expressions, enhancing their language skills to meet the demands of contemporary society.
Internet language significantly enhances the vocabulary knowledge system of Chinese major students In China, a plethora of new terms emerges online each year, which are rapidly disseminated among students and have the highest usage rates.
As students learn Chinese, they inevitably encounter and begin to use internet language, which will enhance their vocabulary learning system.
The irregularities in internet language pose a significant threat to the linguistic foundation of Chinese language majors As language learners, their foundational skills are crucial, and the unregulated nature of online language can adversely impact their proficiency The evolution of the Chinese language has traditionally been a structured and standardized process, but the rise of internet language disrupts this norm The misuse of internet language can lead to ambiguities, and its deviation from the standards of written Chinese can create confusion for students This study will analyze these issues from the perspectives of phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar.
一、语音方面
In online communication, it is common to substitute words with phonetically similar characters, leading to variations in pronunciation that deviate from standard forms This phenomenon results in certain terms being pronounced differently than intended, showcasing the evolving nature of language in digital contexts.
（1）声韵调的变异
“妹纸”（指的是“妹子”）：“子”的声母“z”变为“zh”
“菇凉”（指的是“姑娘”）：“娘”的声母“n”变为“l” 韵母：
“童鞋”(指的是“同学”)：“学”的韵母“ue”变为“ie”
“盆友”（指的是“朋友”）：“朋”的韵母“eng”变为
“大虾”（指的是“大侠”）：声调由“去声+阳平”变为
“美眉”（指的是“妹妹”）：声调由“去声+轻声”变为
“稀饭”（指的是“喜欢”）：发生了整体的变异，“xǐ huan”变为“xīfàn”
“肿么”（指的是“怎么”）：除了声调外，“怎”的拼音
“zěn”整体变为“zhǒng”
In modern Chinese, the phenomenon of sandhi refers to the natural phonetic changes that occur due to the flow of speech For instance, when words are pronounced in succession, certain sounds may blend or alter, resulting in variations that enhance the fluidity of communication This process is essential for understanding the nuances of spoken language and plays a significant role in everyday conversation.
“表酱紫”= “不要这样子”
Âm đầu của "không" là "b" kết hợp với âm cuối của "cần" là "iao" tạo thành "biao" (biểu); sau đó, thêm âm phụ "j" vào "dạng", vì vậy "bùyào zhèyàng zi" được phát âm thành "biǎo jiàngzǐ".
“我宣你”=“我喜欢你”
“喜”的声母“x”+“欢”的韵母“uan”变成“xuan”（宣）， 所以“wǒ xǐhuān nǐ”念成“wǒ xuān nǐ”
Language variation is a common phenomenon in online communication, providing modern Chinese with phonetic flexibility and enhancing its expressive coherence However, the excessive use of homophones to replace standard pronunciations may pose challenges for students majoring in Chinese as they learn and use standard Mandarin.
The prevalence of phonetic variations in internet language poses a significant challenge for students, particularly those majoring in Chinese Prolonged exposure to this informal language can lead to confusion regarding the correct pronunciation of Chinese characters, ultimately resulting in errors when using standard Mandarin Over time, frequent reliance on internet language may contribute to a decline in reading skills and even impair written expression among these students.
河内首都大学中文专业学生网络词语使用建议
学生角度
5.1.1 培养自主学习知识
Chinese language students should proactively utilize effective resources available to them to enhance their learning through independent study outside of the classroom.
According to the survey results, a significant number of students browse Chinese websites, making it a crucial avenue for Chinese major students to learn internet language By exploring these sites, students can quickly access information about internet language, gaining a deeper understanding of its origins and meanings, which helps them use it more accurately Additionally, engaging with internet language in context allows students to comprehend and appreciate it, fostering enjoyment in their learning process while reducing feelings of resistance and anxiety.
Chinese major students should engage with Chinese television dramas, movies, and variety shows as a practical way to learn internet language Many contemporary Chinese variety shows, such as "Running Man," "Ultimate Challenge," "Hi Party," and "Daily Up," incorporate internet slang to resonate with modern audiences By watching these programs, students can enjoy leisure time while gaining exposure to diverse language knowledge that is often difficult to learn in the classroom or everyday life Furthermore, the more vulgar aspects of internet language are typically excluded from these shows, ensuring that viewers are presented with a more refined version of the language.
Watching movies and variety shows to learn internet language not only relaxes the mind and body but also helps students acquire a range of more formal online expressions, making it a beneficial dual-purpose activity.
Chinese major students should enhance their extracurricular reading by engaging with materials such as newspapers and magazines, which can help them develop the ability to infer the meanings of internet language from context Additionally, reading expands their knowledge of new internet terminology Furthermore, communicating with Chinese friends is a vital way to improve Chinese communication skills By making more Chinese friends and interacting with them, students can seek clarification on unfamiliar internet language, ensuring they apply their learning effectively and stay updated with current internet expressions.
5.1.2 慎重使用网络语言
Internet language has become an essential form of communication in modern society, integral to daily life Its openness and anonymity foster creativity and fun, but it also raises concerns about incivility, vulgarity, and even legal issues For students majoring in Chinese, using internet language correctly can be challenging They should adhere to the principles of necessity, clarity, and taste when engaging with this form of communication.
When utilizing internet language, it is essential to ensure its necessity and avoid excessive substitution for standard language Additionally, one should be mindful of using appropriate language styles in varying contexts, making an effort to refrain from overly colloquial internet language in formal settings.
Clarity is essential when using internet language to ensure that the intended meaning is communicated effectively and to prevent misunderstandings This requires careful attention to grammar, punctuation, and proper usage to avoid ambiguity.
The use of internet language should adhere to certain standards of taste, avoiding vulgar, violent, or pornographic expressions It is essential to choose high-quality, healthy, and vibrant forms of communication that meet the needs of interaction while enhancing one's personal image and qualities Furthermore, Chinese language students must cultivate the right attitude; although internet language represents an innovative means of communication, it should not replace the pursuit of civilized language These students should continuously expand their vocabulary and grammatical knowledge in Chinese to better understand and utilize standard language, thereby improving their proficiency in the language.
We must recognize that internet language, as an emerging form of communication, requires our ongoing attention and exploration By using internet language correctly, Chinese major students can engage more effectively in contemporary social interactions, enhancing their language proficiency and communication skills.
教师角度
From the perspectives of grammar and pragmatics, internet language often deviates from the norms of traditional formal written Chinese For Chinese major students, their understanding of contemporary Chinese society, modern grammar rules, and pragmatic principles is often insufficient, leading to misunderstandings and improper usage of internet language This not only results in linguistic errors but also negatively impacts their Chinese language acquisition Therefore, it is crucial to guide students in the correct use of internet language.
Teachers play a crucial role in guiding students to use internet language correctly Their actions significantly impact students' acquisition of Chinese Although most students encounter and use internet language outside of class, foreign language teachers should actively pay attention to and guide students in understanding and using internet language appropriately.
Teachers should thoroughly explain the context, occasions, and nature of online language to help students understand its meaning This guidance enables students to use online language appropriately in suitable settings, preventing the misuse of informal language in formal situations.
Teachers should explain whether internet language adheres to the word formation and grammar rules of Chinese By discussing the ways in which internet language is formed, its vocabulary sources, and its grammatical characteristics, educators can help students understand the differences between internet language and standard modern Chinese This understanding will aid students in accurately interpreting the meaning of internet language and using it correctly, while following Chinese grammar rules to avoid errors and confusion.
Teachers should encourage students to be cautious when using internet language and to understand its scope and limitations Students need to recognize that internet language is merely a form of communication and should not replace standard modern Chinese, especially in formal settings and academic writing By providing examples of both correct and incorrect usages of common internet language, teachers can guide students in reflecting on their usage, thereby enhancing their awareness of proper internet language application.
教材角度和外语系角度
Jiang Dewei emphasizes the importance of updating Chinese language textbooks to reflect contemporary language use, noting that some terms have become outdated and should be replaced with words that represent new concepts and technologies As the rapid development of internet language continues, it is crucial for educational materials to incorporate this linguistic evolution to meet the needs of modern society By including internet language in the curriculum, textbooks can remain relevant and support students in enhancing their Chinese language proficiency Moreover, understanding internet language is essential for students to gain deeper insights into Chinese culture and social progress.
⑦ 姜德梧（2004）关于《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》的思考[J].世界汉语教学.
The development of online language trends is crucial for broadening students' Chinese communication channels Therefore, the creation of Chinese language textbooks should closely monitor these trends and be updated promptly to meet actual needs.
From the perspective of the foreign language department, it is essential to create a conducive online language learning environment for Chinese major students I have several suggestions to enhance this learning experience.
The Foreign Language Department should organize various extracurricular activities focused on internet language for Chinese major students, emphasizing a student-centered approach Activities could include themed lectures on topics such as campus life, film and television, and media, along with regular knowledge salons guided by teachers to create a relaxed environment for students These activities allow students to freely express their opinions during discussions, fostering enjoyable interactions with peers Unlike classroom settings, the informal atmosphere of extracurricular activities promotes deeper engagement and memorable learning experiences After each event, students should allocate time for feedback and summarization of the knowledge gained, helping clarify misunderstandings and eliminate inappropriate internet language, ensuring the activities remain beneficial.
To enhance the learning of internet language, it's essential to create a conducive learning environment for students majoring in Chinese Most resources for learning internet language are found in online media, so establishing a dedicated publication could be beneficial This platform would encourage students to share recent internet buzzwords and relevant software, making it easier for them to access information and saving time on independent research Additionally, the carefully curated content in this publication would alleviate concerns about encountering inappropriate language.
Foreign language departments should offer elective courses on internet language to cater to students interested in this area Such courses would not only alleviate student burden but also provide insights into the origins and evolution of internet language By studying internet language, students can gain a deeper understanding of cultural diversity, which benefits their Chinese language learning Through lectures and discussions, students will explore internet language variations across different regions and cultural backgrounds, enhancing their comprehension and application skills This approach broadens students' linguistic perspectives and improves their overall language proficiency.
In today's world, where internet language is increasingly prevalent and significant, it is crucial for Chinese major students to learn it correctly This process requires time and effort, as it cannot be achieved overnight To enhance the Chinese language proficiency of these students and better prepare them for contemporary societal developments, it is essential to foster organic interaction among foreign language departments, teachers, and students This approach ensures that students are exposed to practical knowledge that can be effectively applied in real-life situations.
Language is the most crucial communication tool in human society, embodying its social attributes as an essential characteristic The close relationship between language and social development drives the evolution of language over time This ongoing transformation of language reflects the changes and advancements in society, establishing it as both a product of social development and a significant social phenomenon.
Internet language has emerged alongside the development of the internet and information technology, serving as a mirror to societal progress and reflecting contemporary characteristics with significant timeliness As a novel linguistic phenomenon, internet language has gained widespread usage and dissemination in the digital and information age, notably impacting students majoring in Chinese studies.
This article analyzes the use of internet language among Chinese language major students, exploring its dual positive and negative impacts and offering strategic recommendations Through research and surveys, it has been found that internet language has both beneficial and detrimental effects on these students Therefore, a comprehensive and objective analysis is essential, avoiding both negligence and excessive worry To address the dual nature of internet language and to effectively guide its use towards beneficial outcomes while minimizing harm, further in-depth research and discussion are necessary.
This article builds upon previous research by collecting a substantial amount of data and presenting personal insights It aims to contribute to the study of the impact of internet language on Chinese language students However, due to limitations in knowledge and skills, the gathered information may not be exhaustive, and the research on related issues lacks depth The author sincerely hopes for constructive criticism from teachers to enhance understanding and improve this study.
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[8] 刘芷彤（2018） 网络流行语的话语分析及其影响研究[D] 北京邮电大 学，北京
The study by Liu Zhihui (2011) explores the commonalities in word formation between English and Chinese internet languages, highlighting the linguistic trends and patterns that emerge in digital communication Published in the Journal of Social Sciences at Hunan Normal University, this research contributes to the understanding of cross-cultural linguistic phenomena in the context of online interactions.
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Yang Lan (2022) conducted a study on the usage, understanding, and impact of internet slang among international students in China, highlighting the cultural exchange and communication dynamics in a digital context The research emphasizes the significance of these linguistic trends in shaping social interactions and identity among foreign students in Chinese society.
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的角度[J] 江汉学术
附录 A: 2013 年至 2022 年《咬文嚼字》发布的“十大流行
年度 十大流行语
2013 年 中国梦、光盘、倒逼、逆袭、女汉子、土豪、点赞、微
2014 年 顶层设计、新常态、打虎拍蝇、断崖式、你懂的、断舍
离、失联、神器、高大上、萌萌哒
2015 年 获得感、互联网+、颜值、宝宝、创客、脑洞大开、任性、
剁手党、网红、主要看气质。
Trong thời đại hiện nay, chúng ta thường nghe đến những cụm từ như "洪荒之力" thể hiện sức mạnh tiềm ẩn, hay "ăn瓜群众" chỉ những người theo dõi sự kiện mà không tham gia "Tinh thần thợ thủ công" nhấn mạnh sự tỉ mỉ và chất lượng trong công việc, trong khi "mục tiêu nhỏ" khuyến khích mọi người đặt ra những mục tiêu dễ đạt được Câu nói "一言不合就xx" phản ánh sự nhạy cảm trong các mối quan hệ, và "chiếc thuyền tình bạn" dễ dàng bị lật khi có mâu thuẫn Khái niệm "cung cấp phía" nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của cải cách kinh tế, còn "葛优躺" là hình ảnh của sự thư giãn thoải mái Cuối cùng, những từ như "套路", "蓝瘦，香菇" chỉ ra sự phức tạp và cảm xúc trong cuộc sống hiện đại.
2017 年 不忘初心、砥砺奋进、共享、有温度、流量、可能×××
假×××、油腻、尬、怼、打 call
2018 年 命运共同体、锦鲤、店小二、教科书式、官宣、确认过眼
神、退群、佛系、巨婴、杠精
Cultural exchange and understanding are essential in today's interconnected world, where concepts like blockchain technology are revolutionizing industries The rise of "hardcore" content and the blending of various ideas reflect the complexity of modern communication With millions of opinions circulating, it's crucial to prioritize personal perspectives over external judgments, as seen in the popular phrases like "I want what I feel, not what you think." Additionally, societal issues such as workplace pressures, exemplified by the 996 work culture, and the challenges of bullying highlight the need for empathy and awareness in our interactions.
2020 年 人民至上，生命至上、逆行者、飒、后浪 、神兽、直播带
货、双循环 、打工人、内卷，凡尔赛文学
2021 年 小康、赶考、双减、碳达峰，碳中和、野性消费、破防、
鸡娃、躺平、元宇宙
2022 年 踔厉奋发，勇毅前行、中国式现代化、新赛道、大白、烟
火气、天花板、拿捏、雪糕刺客、精神内耗、沉浸式
附录 B：问卷调查 第一部分：