(Luận văn) knowledge sharing intention among employees in small and medium sized enterprises a case in ho chi minh city viet nam

to tn gh UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY p ie International School of Business w n ad lo th yj an lu la ip uy n va tz n oi m ll fu Ta Tran Trung KNOWLEDGE SHARING INTENTION AMONG z ht vb EMPLOYEES IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED k jm ENTERPRISES: A CASE IN HO CHI MINH CITY, om l.c gm VIETNAM an Lu MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION n va re y te th Ho Chi Minh City – Year 2018 to tn gh UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY p ie International School of Business w n ad lo th yj an lu la ip uy n va Ta Tran Trung n oi m ll fu KNOWLEDGE SHARING INTENTION AMONG tz EMPLOYEES IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED z ht vb ENTERPRISES: A CASE IN HO CHI MINH CITY, k jm VIETNAM om l.c gm MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION an Lu SUPERVISOR: Dr TRAN PHUONG THAO n va re th y te Ho Chi Minh City – Year 2018 to tn ACKNOWLEDGEMENT gh p ie I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Tran Phuong Thao for het patient attitude, valuable comment, helpful advice and continuous encouragement w n ad lo during the time of research and writing this research work th My grateful thanks are also extended to my friends, my lecturers and Research yj ip uy Committee for their valuable time as their insightful comments and meaningful an lu la suggestions were contributed significantly for my completion of this research n va tz n oi m ll fu z ht vb k jm om l.c gm an Lu n va re y te th to LIST OF ABBREVIATION WORDS tn gh p ie CEO: Chief Executive Officer w CFA: Confirmatory Factor Analysis EFA Exploratory Factor Analysis n ad lo GDP: Gross Domestic Product th yj ip uy ITC: Information and communication technology an lu la SEM: Structural Equation Modeling n va SMEs: Small and medium sized enterprises n oi m ll fu TRA: The Theory of Reasoned Action VND: Vietnamese Dong tz z ht vb k jm om l.c gm an Lu n va re y te th to LIST OF TABLES tn gh p ie Table A summary of prior studies on knowledge sharing 16 w Table Measurement Scale 19 n ad lo Table Descriptive statistics 21 th yj Table Means and Cronbach alpha of items after deleting items results 25 ip uy Table Pattern matrix 27 an lu la Table KMO and Bartlett's Test 28 n va Table SEM Hypothesis testing results 32 m ll fu Table Multi-group analysis results 34 tz n oi LIST OF FIGURES z vb ht Figure Conceptual model 17 k jm gm Figure CFA model 29 om l.c Figure SEM Results 31 an Lu Figure Multi-group analysis model 33 n va re y te th (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to TABLE OF CONTENTS tn gh p ie Introduction Literature review and hypothesis development w 2.1 Foundational theory n ad lo Social Exchange Theory Theory of Reasoned Action th 2.2 Related review and hypothesis yj uy Research methodology 17 ip 3.1 Research procedure 17 an lu la 3.2 Measurements 18 3.3 Sampling and methods 20 Sampling 20 3.3.2 Methods 22 n va 3.3.1 m ll fu Data analysis and results 23 4.1 Reliability analysis 23 n oi 4.2 Exploratory Factor Analysis 26 tz 4.3 Confirmatory Factor Analysis 28 4.4 SEM modeling 30 z vb 4.5 Hypothesis testing 31 ht 4.6 Multi-group analysis results (The moderating effect results) 32 jm Conclusions and implications 35 k gm 5.1 Conclusions 35 5.2 Implications 35 l.c 5.3 Limitations and directions for future research 38 om References 40 Lu Questionnaire English version 49 Appendix Bảng câu hỏi khảo sát (Questionnaire Vietnamese version) 53 Appendix Cronbach’s alpha results 57 Appendix EFA results 59 an Appendix SEM results 66 Appendix Multi-group analysis results 70 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam th Appendix y te CFA results 62 re Appendix n va KMO and Bartlett's Test 59 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to tn Abstract gh p ie Knowledge is a valuable asset, a creativity, innovation, and potential contribution for the w n development of business That is the reason why knowledge sharing is researched to find ad lo out the way to promote knowledge sharing, to take advantage of this core competency th yj ip uy A survey with a convenience sample of about 450 SMEs employees in Ho Chi Minh City an lu la was conducted with 18 variables and 429 observations valid samples in order to assess an overview of the opinions of all employees in SMEs on intend to share knowledge The n va data were analyzed by Reliability Analysis, EFA, CFA, SEM method and the results m ll fu indicated factors Image, Subjective norms and Rewards have positive influence on the n oi intention to share knowledge and Individual culture has a significant moderating effect on tz the relationship between both Image and Subjective norms toward intention to share z ht vb knowledge Based on the finding of the research, the organization should respect and jm listen to the opinions of the employees and create the awareness of knowledge sharing as k gm a must As majority of prior researches on enterprise knowledge sharing focus mainly on l.c the public sector, large private companies, these new findings can be investigated in om an Lu further research, because sharing knowledge in SMEs is still a new concept in developing country as Vietnam n va re Keywords (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam th Image, Rewards, Intention to share knowledge, Individual culture y te knowledge sharing intention, small and medium sized enterprises, Subjective norms, (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to Introduction tn gh p ie Managing knowledge effectively is believed to be crucial to the achievement of the organization, specifically in those companies that want to maintain their dominance w n ad lo through creativity (Dieng, 2000) As more companies try to increase benefit by widen th their knowledge assets, a lot of enterprises have considered knowledge sharing as part of yj ip uy their strategy It is believed that knowledge sharing has been concerned by many an lu la academics and professionals globally Zakaria, Amelinckx and Wilemon (2004) confirm that the role of knowledge sharing within a team should be emphasized Blair (2002) n va believes that when employees in the organization gain a lot of knowledge in their m ll fu organization, the organization has something far more valuable than data and n oi information tz Many prior studies show that collaboration and knowledge sharing are important factors z ht vb that organization should applied so as to attain continued competitive advantage jm (Tapscott & Williams, 2006) Cyril Eze, Guan Gan Goh, Yih Goh and Ling Tan (2013) k gm state that a number of SMEs are manipulate knowledge management program to keep up om l.c with or stay ahead of their competitors as a business leader knowledge has evolved since the "Doi Moi" era to adapt to the globalized economy an Lu In Vietnamese organizations, it is easy to see that the tendency to approach new things in re y te context of Vietnam (Dong, Gia Liem, & Grossman, 2010), Dong et al., (2010) reveal that n va Although the sharing of knowledge is often seen as something new and meaningful in the th this is in fact only strongly empower individuals to access organizational knowledge (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to instead of sharing their knowledge to other members Beside the practicality of tn gh knowledge sharing in companies, there are existing elements restraint knowledge sharing p ie culture, including the lack of organizational structures, unfriendly sharing working w n environment, and denominational segregation (Davenport & Prusak, 1998; as cited in ad lo Hendriks, 1999) Additionally, the fact is that SME enterprises occupy most of the th yj companies in Vietnam and contribute most of the domestic work (Swierczek & Ha, 2003; uy la ip Dan, 2008) In general, the ineffective knowledge sharing system can make employees in an lu a company unable to improve their knowledge and transfer their experience to other n va members On the other hand, a rich and effective knowledge sharing system can help m ll fu employees save time and effort to solve problems that arise in the workplace n oi Witherspoon, Bergner, Cockrell and Stone (2013) believe that the future success of the tz organization will depend on sharing knowledge and this will be a vital strategy in the new z vb era It is understood that an organization will create a better working environment for ht jm development and innovation as it builds a better and more effective knowledge sharing k gm system In addition, Desouza and Awazu (2006) state that common knowledge of l.c om employees of SMEs is deep and broad, and it can actively support small business in an Lu knowledge sharing Prior studies also indicate some of the factors that impact the (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam th y te as given by Tohidinia and Mosakhani (2010) almost studies take into account re 2010; Kanzler, Niedergassel, & Leker, 2012; Tohidinia & Mosakhani, 2010) However, n self-efficacy and top management support (Chang, Hsu, Shiau, & Tsai, 2015; Dong et al., va knowledge sharing intension such as company rewards, reciprocity, ICT use, knowledge (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to determinants of knowledge sharing intention in a specific group of people or a whole tn gh population Notably, studies by Fathi, Eze and Goh (2011) and also Chong, Chong and p ie Wong (2007) indicate that the majority of prior researches on enterprise knowledge w n sharing focus on the public sector, large private companies, while very few focus on ad lo knowledge management conducted in SMEs Additionally, according to Yu (2014), th yj individual culture in different countries may affect the knowledge sharing intention, but uy la ip there are not many studies investigating the influence of this factor on knowledge sharing an lu intention In SMEs the knowledge management model which is basically based upon n va knowledge sharing – through constant and open communication (often SME strength) – m ll fu the making explicit of often buried or tacit knowledge held by all employees (Gray, tz n oi 2006) Gold, Malhotra and Segars (2001) emphasize that knowledge infrastructures such as technology, structure and culture along with knowledge acquisition, conversion, z application and protection are essential organizational capabilities for higher ht vb k jm organizational performance Therefore, SMEs need to identify the influence of personal l.c gm culture on the sharing of knowledge to bring more valuable benefits to their organization om It is believed that large firm with large customer base tent to perceive a Knowledge an Lu management system more useful and have a better chance to apply Knowledge (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam th y te sharing especially tacit knowledge, is highly and actively interacted in SMEs As more re communication links and social networks in the organization It is said that knowledge n lacking of knowledge management practices even though they have a strong va management system to build sustain competitive advantage Besides, SMEs are known of (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to Appendix EFA results tn gh KMO and Bartlett's Test p ie Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy 793 Approx Chi-Square w n Bartlett's Test of Sphericity 2935.889 ad lo df 105 Sig .000 th yj Communalities Initial Extraction KSI1 561 699 KSI3 542 750 REW1 448 506 REW2 489 560 REW3 537 612 REW4 524 611 REW5 458 531 SNO1 498 648 SNO2 459 576 SNO3 440 531 IMG1 545 577 IMG2 571 619 IMG3 635 698 IMG4 566 587 IMG5 560 630 Extraction Method: Principal Axis Factoring an lu la ip uy n va tz n oi m ll fu z ht vb jm Total Variance Explained Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings an Lu n va 3.342 2.725 2.070 996 % of Variance 22.279 18.166 13.802 6.637 om re y te th 3.727 3.137 2.454 1.309 570 538 476 461 436 387 363 352 Total l.c 10 11 12 % of Cumulati Variance ve % 24.848 24.848 20.914 45.762 16.363 62.124 8.728 70.853 3.799 74.652 3.589 78.241 3.175 81.417 3.070 84.487 2.905 87.392 2.580 89.972 2.419 92.391 2.348 94.738 gm Total Rotation Sums of Squared Loadingsa Cumulati Total ve % 22.279 3.136 40.445 2.886 54.247 1.924 60.884 1.820 k Factor 59 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to tn gh p ie 13 324 2.161 96.900 14 238 1.589 98.488 15 227 1.512 100.000 Extraction Method: Principal Axis Factoring a When factors are correlated, sums of squared loadings cannot be added to obtain a total variance w n ad lo Factor Matrixa Factor 698 -.435 671 -.407 652 -.431 613 -.448 599 -.464 418 601 474 595 482 579 388 575 416 548 th IMG3 IMG5 IMG2 IMG4 IMG1 REW2 REW3 REW4 REW5 REW1 SNO1 698 381 SNO2 674 331 SNO3 666 KSI1 381 523 -.516 KSI3 316 471 -.621 Extraction Method: Principal Axis Factoring a Attempted to extract factors More than 25 iterations required (Convergence=.002) Extraction was terminated yj an lu la ip uy n va tz n oi m ll fu z vb ht Pattern Matrixa Factor k jm an Lu n va re y te th (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam om 60 l.c gm IMG3 834 IMG2 784 IMG5 780 IMG4 763 IMG1 761 REW3 781 REW4 768 REW2 746 REW5 740 REW1 708 SNO1 823 SNO2 766 SNO3 681 KSI3 885 KSI1 805 Extraction Method: Principal Axis Factoring Rotation Method: Promax with Kaiser Normalization (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to a Rotation converged in iterations tn gh p ie Structure Matrix Factor 832 786 782 763 758 782 778 747 725 711 w IMG3 IMG2 IMG5 IMG4 IMG1 REW3 REW4 REW2 REW5 REW1 SNO1 802 SNO2 758 SNO3 719 342 KSI3 863 KSI1 323 832 Extraction Method: Principal Axis Factoring Rotation Method: Promax with Kaiser Normalization n ad lo th yj an lu la ip uy n va m ll fu tz n oi Factor Correlation Matrix Factor 1.000 076 007 147 076 1.000 013 197 007 013 1.000 321 147 197 321 1.000 Extraction Method: Principal Axis Factoring Rotation Method: Promax with Kaiser Normalization z ht vb k jm om l.c gm an Lu n va re y te th 61 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to Appendix CFA results tn gh p ie Regression Weights: (Group number - Default model) Estimate S.E C.R P IMG3 < - IMG Label 1.000 w 915 051 17.865 *** ad lo n IMG2 < - IMG 1.119 063 17.720 *** 935 053 17.671 *** 975 057 17.236 *** 062 15.979 *** IMG5 < - IMG th 1.000 REW4 < - REW 997 REW2 < - REW 879 057 15.340 *** REW5 < - REW 850 058 n va *** REW1 < - REW 795 055 14.515 *** SNO1 < - SNO 1.000 SNO2 < - SNO 965 073 13.252 *** SNO3 < - SNO 1.027 079 13.065 *** KSI3 < - KSI 1.000 KSI1 < - KSI 944 121 7.771 *** la REW3 < - REW an lu ip uy IMG1 < - IMG yj IMG4 < - IMG 14.760 tz n oi m ll fu z ht vb REW3 < - REW 780 REW4 < - REW 778 REW2 < - REW 748 th 758 y te IMG1 < - IMG re 773 n IMG4 < - IMG va 774 an IMG5 < - IMG Lu 779 om IMG2 < - IMG l.c 831 gm IMG3 < - IMG k jm Standardized Regression Weights: (Group number - Default model) Estimate 62 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to Estimate tn gh REW5 < - REW 722 p ie 711 SNO1 < - SNO 783 REW1 < - REW SNO3 < - SNO 732 KSI3 < - KSI 728 KSI1 < - KSI n 759 ad lo w SNO2 < - SNO th yj 978 DF 36 198.851 120 000 15 2976.456 84 P CMIN/DF 000 2.367 105 000 28.347 tz n oi RMR, GFI Model CMIN m ll fu Independence model NPAR n va Saturated model an lu Default model la CMIN Model ip uy Model Fit Summary GFI AGFI PGFI Default model 034 945 921 661 Saturated model 000 1.000 Independence model 227 450 371 394 NFI Delta1 RFI rho1 IFI Delta2 TLI rho2 CFI 933 916 960 950 960 z RMR ht vb k jm 000 000 1.000 000 000 n va 000 1.000 an Independence model 1.000 Lu Saturated model om Default model l.c Model gm Baseline Comparisons re PNFI PCFI 800 747 768 Saturated model 000 000 000 th Default model y te Parsimony-Adjusted Measures Model PRATIO 63 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to Model tn gh PRATIO PNFI PCFI 1.000 000 000 Independence model p ie NCP Model w n Default model ad lo NCP LO 90 HI 90 114.851 77.449 159.963 000 000 000 2871.456 2697.171 3053.066 Saturated model th Independence model yj FMIN LO 90 HI 90 268 181 374 000 000 000 6.709 7.133 Default model 465 Saturated model 000 an lu la F0 n va ip uy FMIN Model 6.954 6.302 RMSEA Model RMSEA LO 90 HI 90 Default model 057 046 067 Independence model 253 245 261 m ll fu Independence model n oi PCLOSE tz 140 000 z 270.851 273.647 417.064 453.064 Saturated model 240.000 249.320 727.375 847.375 Independence model 3006.456 3007.621 3067.378 3082.378 ECVI Model ECVI LO 90 HI 90 MECVI Default model 633 545 738 639 Saturated model 561 561 561 583 7.024 6.617 7.449 7.027 an n va re y te th HOELTER Model Lu Independence model om Default model l.c CAIC gm BIC k BCC jm AIC ht vb AIC Model HOELTER 05 HOELTER 01 64 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to tn Model gh HOELTER 05 HOELTER 01 230 252 19 21 p ie Default model Independence model w n ad lo th yj an lu la ip uy n va tz n oi m ll fu z ht vb k jm om l.c gm an Lu n va re y te th 65 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to Appendix SEM results tn gh p ie Regression Weights: (iCU high - Default model) Estimate S.E C.R KSI < - IMG P 172 057 3.028 002 Label w 181 068 2.646 008 KSI < - SNO 422 086 4.898 *** 915 051 17.865 *** th < - REW ad lo n KSI 1.119 063 17.720 *** IMG4 < - IMG 935 053 17.671 *** IMG1 < - IMG 975 057 17.236 *** REW3 < - REW 1.000 REW4 < - REW 997 062 15.979 *** REW2 < - REW 879 057 15.340 *** REW5 < - REW 850 058 14.760 *** REW1 < - REW 795 055 14.515 *** SNO1 < - SNO 1.000 SNO2 < - SNO 965 073 13.252 *** SNO3 < - SNO 1.027 079 13.065 *** KSI3 < - KSI 1.000 KSI1 < - KSI 944 121 7.771 *** an lu la IMG5 < - IMG ip uy IMG2 < - IMG 1.000 yj IMG3 < - IMG n va tz n oi m ll fu z ht vb k jm 329 IMG3 < - IMG 831 IMG2 < - IMG 779 th < - SNO y te KSI re 141 n < - REW va KSI an 162 Lu < - IMG om KSI l.c gm Standardized Regression Weights: (iCU high - Default model) Estimate 66 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to Estimate tn gh IMG5 < - IMG 774 p ie 773 IMG1 < - IMG 758 IMG4 < - IMG REW4 < - REW 778 REW2 < - REW 748 n 780 ad lo w REW3 < - REW th yj REW5 < - REW uy 711 SNO2 < - SNO 759 SNO3 < - SNO 732 KSI3 < - KSI 728 KSI1 < - KSI 978 n oi m ll fu 783 n va SNO1 < - SNO an lu la ip REW1 < - REW 722 DF P CMIN/DF 36 198.851 84 000 2.367 120 000 15 2976.456 105 000 28.347 ht k jm Saturated model CMIN vb Default model NPAR z CMIN Model tz Model Fit Summary l.c RMR, GFI Model gm Independence model GFI AGFI PGFI Default model 034 945 921 661 Saturated model 000 1.000 Independence model 227 450 371 394 NFI Delta1 RFI rho1 IFI Delta2 TLI rho2 CFI 933 916 960 950 960 om RMR an Lu n va re Default model 67 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam th Model y te Baseline Comparisons (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to NFI Delta1 tn Model gh IFI Delta2 1.000 p ie Saturated model RFI rho1 Independence model 000 TLI rho2 1.000 000 CFI 1.000 000 000 000 w n Parsimony-Adjusted Measures Model PRATIO ad lo Default model th yj Saturated model PCFI 800 747 768 000 000 000 000 000 uy Independence model PNFI 1.000 LO 90 HI 90 114.851 77.449 159.963 000 000 000 n va m ll fu Saturated model NCP an lu Default model la ip NCP Model 2871.456 2697.171 3053.066 FMIN Model FMIN F0 LO 90 HI 90 Default model 465 268 181 374 Saturated model 000 000 000 000 Independence model 6.954 6.709 6.302 7.133 RMSEA Model RMSEA LO 90 HI 90 PCLOSE Default model 057 046 067 140 Independence model 253 245 261 000 tz n oi Independence model z ht vb k jm om l.c gm an Lu BCC BIC CAIC Default model 270.851 273.647 417.064 453.064 Saturated model 240.000 249.320 727.375 847.375 3006.456 3007.621 3067.378 3082.378 n AIC va AIC Model th (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam y te 68 re Independence model (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to ECVI Model tn gh LO 90 HI 90 MECVI Default model 633 545 738 639 Saturated model 561 561 561 583 7.024 6.617 7.449 7.027 p ie ECVI w Independence model n ad lo th yj an lu la ip uy n va tz n oi m ll fu z ht vb k jm om l.c gm an Lu n va re y te th 69 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to Appendix Multi-group analysis results tn gh p ie w n ad lo th yj an lu la ip uy n va P tz n oi m ll fu Regression Weights: (high - Default model) Estimate S.E C.R Label z *** KSI < - REW 219 096 2.289 022 KSI < - SNO 446 169 2.638 008 IMG3 < - IMG 1.000 IMG2 < - IMG 794 063 12.572 *** IMG5 < - IMG 853 065 13.165 *** IMG4 < - IMG 932 043 21.536 *** IMG1 < - IMG 752 062 12.058 *** REW3 < - REW 1.000 REW4 < - REW 1.060 093 11.413 *** REW2 < - REW 934 084 11.089 *** REW5 < - REW 828 085 9.703 *** om l.c gm 7.906 k 065 jm 512 ht < - IMG vb KSI an Lu n va y te th (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam re 70 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to tn gh Estimate S.E C.R P 773 077 10.032 *** REW1 < - REW SNO2 < - SNO 1.286 194 6.618 *** SNO3 < - SNO 1.149 171 6.712 *** 080 7.487 *** 1.000 ad lo p ie SNO1 < - SNO w n < - KSI 1.000 KSI1 < - KSI 602 th KSI3 Label yj IMG3 < - IMG 966 IMG2 < - IMG 708 IMG5 < - IMG 726 IMG4 < - IMG 897 IMG1 < - IMG 692 REW3 < - REW 812 REW4 < - REW 794 REW2 < - REW 775 REW5 < - REW 693 REW1 < - REW 712 SNO1 < - SNO 634 SNO2 < - SNO 820 SNO3 < - SNO 659 KSI3 < - KSI 895 KSI1 < - KSI 686 k 208 jm < - SNO ht KSI vb 167 z < - REW tz KSI n oi 557 m ll fu < - IMG n va KSI an lu la ip uy Standardized Regression Weights: (high - Default model) Estimate om l.c gm an Lu n va re y te th 71 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam to Model Fit Summary tn gh p ie CMIN Model NPAR CMIN DF P CMIN/DF 72 405.369 168 000 2.413 240 000 30 3039.937 210 000 14.476 Default model w Saturated model n ad lo Independence model GFI AGFI PGFI 048 893 848 625 Saturated model 000 1.000 Independence model 226 344 373 yj RMR uy th RMR, GFI Model an lu la ip Default model 426 Independence model 867 833 IFI Delta2 TLI rho2 CFI 917 895 916 1.000 000 1.000 000 1.000 000 000 tz Saturated model RFI rho1 n oi Default model NFI Delta1 m ll fu Model n va Baseline Comparisons 000 z PNFI PCFI Saturated model 000 000 000 1.000 000 000 Independence model om 000 000 000 Independence model 2829.937 2655.324 3011.890 FMIN Model FMIN F0 Saturated model th 300.234 y te 182.203 re 237.369 Default model n HI 90 va LO 90 an NCP Lu NCP Model l.c 733 gm 693 k 800 jm Default model ht vb Parsimony-Adjusted Measures Model PRATIO LO 90 HI 90 72 (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam (Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam(Luận.văn).knowledge.sharing.intention.among.employees.in.small.and.medium.sized.enterprises.a.case.in.ho.chi.minh.city.viet.nam