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TRUCfNG 001 HOC VO TRCtfNG TOAN KHOA KHOA HQC CO BAN KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP CHUYEN NGANH VAN HOC NGHE THUAT XAY DlTNG NHAN VAT • • • • TRC TINH TRONG CA DAO NAM BO VE TINH YEU DOI LUA VA TINH CAM GIA DINH Giang vien hirong dan: Sinh vien thyc hifn: TRAN VAN NAM NGUYEN THI BICH THUY H#u Giangy thdng 06 nam 2012 L0I CAM TA Toi xin chan bay to long biet an sau sac den thay Tran Van Nam da tan tinh huang dan, giup toi qua trinh thuc hien de tai Xin chan biet an quy Thay Co da truyen dat nhung kien thuc quy bau su6t qua trinh hoc tap Dong thai cung xin chan cam an co c6 van hoc tap - Vu Thuy Ki6u va tap the lap Ngu- van - Khoa da khong ngung giup da toi suot thai gian qua Cu6i cung la lai cam an d6n gia dinh, nguai than da ho trg va dong vien toi qua trinh hoc tap cung nhu thuc hien de tai Sinh vien thu*c hien (Ky va ghi ro ho ten) Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan rang d§ tai la chinh toi thuc hien, cac so lieu thu thap va kit qua phan tich dh tai la trung thuc, de tai khong trung vai bat cu de tai nghien cuu khoa hoc nao Sinh vien thuc hien (Ky va ghi rp ho ten) Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy n PHIEU DANH GIA LUAN VAN TOT NGHIEP {Giang vien hw&ng dan) GlANG VIEN HLT6NG DAN: SINH VIEN THI/C HIEN: MSSV: ' KHOA: TEN DE TAI: NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN HlT6»NG DAN Danh gia chung qua trinh lam luan van tot nghiep: 1.1 Chuyen can: 1.2 Thai do: 1.3 Khac: Danh gia luan van: 2.1 Dat van de (theo buac): 2.2 Noi dung chinh: in 2.3 Chu thich, thu muc: 2.4 Hinh thuc trinh bay: 2.4.1 Dung lugng (trang): 2.4.2 Khuon kho: 2.4.3 In an: 2.4.4 Trinh bay: 2.4.5 Chinh ta, ngu phap: Danh gia, xep loai: Danh gia: Xep loai: , thdng nam 2012 Giang vien huang dan (Ki va ghi ro ho ten) IV TOM TAT LUAN VAN Trong phan M6" dau, luan van de cap den noi dung chinh gom: Li chon de tai, lich su van de, muc dich nghien cuu, pham vi nghien cuu va phuang phap nghien cuu Li chon detai Luan van neu len vi tri quan cua ca dao dai song Ca dao la phuang tien bieu hien tinh cam, noi niem cua nguai nhu tinh ban, tinh yeu, tinh cam gia dinh, que huang, dat nuac Ngoai ra, ca dao cung cap nhung ngon tu binh di, sang, each ung xu te nhi, di dam nhung sau sac de tu* ung dung vao giao tiep hang ngay, tu duang va ren luyen cho minh nep song van minh, lich sir Nghien cuu nghe thuat cua ca dao de thay dugc cai hay cai dep, tu se nang cao dugc von hieu biet cua minh ve tha ca dan gian, van dung ve viec lam tha va viet van Han nua, viec giang day ca dao hien a cac truang thong chua dugc chu y nhieu den thi phap the loai De tai gop phan cho qua trinh tim hieu va giang day ca dao a nha truang thong tra nen thuan lgi han, hieu qua han Dong thai day cung la de tai tuang doi mai me, gop phan nho vao viec nghien cuu thi phap ca dao Lich su van de •3 day, luan van chu yeu liet ke cac cong trinh suu tarn ca dao Nam Bo va cac cong trinh nghien cuu ve nhan vat tru tinh ca dao Nam Bo Muc dich nghien cuu Nghien cuu nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat tru tinh ca dao Nam Bo de nam dugc nhung net dac trung ca ban cua thi phap ca dao, hieu dugc tarn tu, tinh cam, tinh each cua nguai Nam Bo Qua do, thay dugc nhung net dac trung doc dao cua dia phuang minh Pham vi nghien cuu Nghien cuu de tai Nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat trie tinh ca dao Nam Bo ve tinh yeu doi lua va tinh cam gia dlnh, luan van dugc giai han bai Ca dao tru tinh truyen thong cua dan toe Viet a Nam Bo Phuang phap nghien cuu De thuc hien de tai, chung toi dung phuang phap sau: phuang phap thong ke, phuang phap so sanh doi chieu, phuang phap nghien cuu lien nganh, phuang phap phan tich va tong hgp Ve phan noi dung, luan van gom co chuang: Chircmg 1: Gioi thieu chung ve ca dao Nam Bo va nhan vat tru* tinh ca dao Nam Bo ve tinh yeu doi lira va tinh cam gia dinh Chuang giai thieu mot each chung nhat ve ca dao Nam Bo, chung toi dua khai niem ca dao va ca dao Nam Bo de tien den khai quat ca dao Nam Bo ve tinh yeu doi lua va tinh cam gia dinh Ben canh do, chung toi giai thieu ve khai niem nhan vat tru tinh noi chung, cac khai niem co lien quan den nhan vat tru tinh cung nhu nhan vat tru tinh ca dao Nam Bo noi rieng Han nua, chung toi cung di sau giai thieu cac dac diem ve tarn trang, tinh each, pham chat cua nhan vat chang trai va co gai tinh yeu doi lua, nhan vat nguai vg - nguai chong, cha me - cai, nang dau gia dinh va cac moi quan he xa hoi khac Sau do, chung toi khai quat len cac dac diem chung, tieu bieu cua NVTT a cac moi quan he tren Chuang tap trung phan tich nhung noi dung cu the sau: Khai quat ve ca dao Nam Bo Trong phan nay, chung toi ban ve khai niem ca dao va ca dao Nam Bo Truac tien la khai niem ca dao dugc rut mot each chung nhat: Ca dao la nhung cau hat dan ca dugc truyen mieng dan gian, ban dau co the mot nguai xuc cam ma lam roi vi lai hay y dep ma Ian rong va truyen rung mai tu dai sang dai khac Con ca dao Nam Bo la bo phan ca dao dugc suu tarn a mien Nam, bao gom nhung cau hat da co tu vung dat que huang cu, luu dan mang theo den vung dat va nhung cau hat mai, dugc sang tac a day Tat ca the hien tarn tu tinh cam, phong tuc tap quan, nhan sinh quan va the gidi quan cua ngudi Nam Bo Tiep den, chung toi di vao khai quat ca dao Nam Bo ve tinh yeu doi lua va tinh cam gia dinh Qua ca dao Nam Bo, tinh yeu doi lua cung dugc bgc 16 qua lai ca tieng hat Trong tinh yeu co biet bao cung bac tinh cam, co luc yeu thuang, nha nhung, co luc gian han, roi lai chia tay Khong nhung the, ca dao Nam Bo la su gan bo, tinh cam thuy chung nghla vg - chong, su yeu thuang vo ba ben cua cha me danh cho va sir hieu thao cua nhung dua doi vai cha me Ve nhan vat tru tinh Trong phan nay, chung ta tim hieu ve khai niem nhan vat tru tinh, cac khai niem lien quan den nhan vat tru tinh va nhan vat tru" tinh ca dao Ve khai niem nhan vat tru tinh: nhan vat tru tinh khong phai la mot nguai co that ddi song ma no chi la mot dan vi nghe thuat mang tinh uac le Nhan vat tru tinh cu the gigng dieu, cam xuc va dugc bgc 16 qua cai toi tru tinh Tu gigng dieu cua nhan vat tru tinh, ta cam nhan dugc dien mao, hanh dgng, dudng net tarn li, ke ca so phan ca nhan Dac diem cua nhan vat tru tinh ca dao Nam B6 ve tinh yeu doi lua va tinh cam gia dinh Noi dung phan nay, luan van di vao khao sat noi dung Noi dung thu nhat la dac diem cac kieu nhan vat tru tinh cac moi quan he nhu: trai gai tinh vi duyen, vg chong, me gia dinh, nguai phu nu lam dau Va noi dung thu hai la dac diem chung cua nhan vat tru tinh ca dao Nam Bo day, chiing toi chi khao sat nhan vat tru tinh trgng nghia va nhan vat tru tinh thang than Su "trong nghia khinh tai" cua nhan vat tru tinh ca dao Nam B6 the hien a nhieu moi quan he, tren nhieu binh dien khac nhu tinh yeu doi lua, tinh vg chong, nghia tinh cua cai doi vai cha me, tinh ban be Ngoai ra, su trgng nghia dugc the hien a su hao phong, hieu khach nhan vat tru tinh thang than, ta thay dugc phong each ro rang, dut khoat va tinh than lac quan, vo tu yeu cuoc song cua nhan vat tru tinh ca dao Nam B6 Chiroiig 2: Xay dirng nhan vat trir tinh bang hinh anh va tinh huong De tai hien dugc nhung net tinh each dac trung cua nguai ca dao Nam B6, tac gia dan gian phai dung nhieu thu phap nghe thuat khac Trong phan nay, chung toi de cap den mot so bien phap xay dung nhan vat tru tinh ca dao Nam B6 cac moi quan he qua cac yeu to nghe thuat nhu hinh anh va tinh huong de thay dugc the giai tarn hon nguai phong phu, da dang va phuc tap nhu the nao Vi the de hieu dugc no thi phai nhd den cac bien phap nghe thuat Nhan vat tru tinh khong the xuat hien chung chung ma can phai co tinh huong va hinh anh cu the Xay dung nhan vat tru tinh bang hinh anh Bao gom noi dung la hinh anh tu nhien va hinh anh nhan tao Thu nhat la hinh anh tu nhien nhu: hinh anh dong vat (ca, chim, nhan, phung, ), hinh anh thuc vat (hoa, bong, true, mai, ) Thu hai la hinh anh nhan tao nhu: thuyen, dua, khoa, chia, Xay dung nhan vat tru tinh bang tinh huong Luan van khao sat tinh huong: tinh yeu gap thuan lgi, tinh yeu gap tra lire, lay phai nguai khong gi, vg chong khong hoa thuan Cac tinh huong ca dao xuat hien phong phu, da dang gop phan khac hga nen nhan vat tru tinh vo cung sinh dong, da dien, da chieu Cac tinh huong giup nguai tiep nhan hinh dung ro net nhung dac diem cua NVTT CDNB Chircmg 3: Mot so bieu trirng tieu bieu cua nhan vat trir tinh ca dao Nam Bo ve tinh yeu doi lira va tinh cam gia dinh O phan nay, chung toi tap trung khao sat noi dung tieu bieu la cac bieu trung dan va cac bieu trung cap doi Cac bieu trung dan Chung toi chi di vao phan tich mot vai bieu trung co tan so xuat hien cao nhu: hoa, ao, ghe, thuyen, do, tau, cau de bieu trung cho nhan vat tru tinh tinh yeu doi lua va tinh cam gia dinh vu Cac bieu trung cap doi Ca dao Nam B6 cung co nhung cap bieu trung gay dugc an tugng, bieu trung cho doi nam nu nhu: budm - hoa, rong - may, ca - song, chim - rung Nhung bieu trung xuat hien ca dao nhu la nhung khuon mau truyen thong van hgc dan gian dugc tac gia ca dao su dung de dien dat nhung chu de khac Ket luan Luan van da phan biet khai niem nhan vat tru tinh vdi cac khai niem co lien quan, dong thai khai quat nhung dac diem ca ban cua nhan vat tru tinh ca dao Nam B6 Ve nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat tru tinh, luan van di sau tim hieu each xay dung nhan vat tru tinh tren phuang dien: hinh anh va tinh huong Them vao do, luan van cung neu len mot so bieu trung tieu bieu cua nhan vat trir tinh, chung toi chi tap trung khai thac d noi dung tieu bieu la cac bieu trung dan va cac bieu trung cap doi vm MUC LUC Trang bia phu Ldi cam ta i Ldi cam doan ii Nhan xet cua giang vien hudng dan iii Tom tat luan van v Muc luc ix Danh muc tu viet tat xi MdDAU 1 Li chon de tai Lich su van de 2.1 Cac cong trinh suu tarn ca dao Nam Bo 2.1.1 Cac cong trinh suu tarn ca dao Nam Bo 2.1.2 Cac cong trinh nghien cuu ve nhan vat tru tinh ca dao Nam Bo 3 Muc dich nghien cuu Pham vi nghien cuu 5 Phuang phap nghien cuu CHlTONG 1: KHAI QUAT VE CA DAO NAM BO VA NHAN VAT TRtT TINH TRONG CA DAO NAM BO VE TINH YEU DOI LUA, TINH CAM GIA DINH 1.1 KHAI QUAT VE CA DAO NAM BO 1.1.1 Khai niem ca dao va ca dao Nam Bo 1.1.2 Khai quat ca dao Nam Bo ve tinh yeu doi lua va tinh cam gia dinh 1.2 VE NHAN VAT TRtT TINH 1.2.1 Khai niem nhan vat tru tinh 1.2.2 Cac khai niem lien quan den nhan vat tru tinh 11 1.2.3 Nhan vat tru tinh cadao 12 1.3 DAC DIEM NHAN VAT TR0 TINH TRONG CA DAO NAM BO VE TINH YEU DOI LUA VA TINH CAM GIA DINH 1.3.1 Dac diem cac kieu nhan vat tru tinh cac moi quan he 15 15 1.3.1.1 Trai -gai tinh duyen 15 1.3.1.2 Chong - vo gia dinh 21 1.3.1.3 Me - gia dinh 24 ix Nghe thudtxdy dung nhan vdt trir tinh ca dao Nam Bd ve tinh yeu ddi lira vd tinh cdm gia dinh chat hanh ddng nao cua ngudi; qua bde Id mdt each kin dao tam tu tinh cam cua ngudi Cd the ndi chiec ao la phuang tien bieu trung cho ngudi Nd cd the dien ta mdt each sau sac phuc tap da dang nhieu chieu ciia the gidi tinh cam ngudi Trong tinh yeu, chiec cdn la cai cd de bay td tinh cam ciia cac chang trai va cd gai Chiec ao trd chiec cau ndi cho tinh yeu Dd la nhip cau "dudng cong giai dieu" cua tinh yeu ca dao Khi nhung nhip cau tinh yen dugc ndi lien thi chiec ao lai trd vat giao duyen Nd la vat minh chung cho tinh yeu, la hien vat ciia tinh yeu, la vat lam tin ma cac chang trai, cd gai thudng trao Tinh yeu khdng nhung dugc the hien bang nhung ldi td tinh kin dao, te nhi ma cdn dugc bieu hien bang vat giao duyen Chiec ao da trd vat giao duyen quan trgng thudng thay ca dao Trong tinh yeu, cac chang trai cd gai thudng hay the nguyen dinh udc, chiec ao da trd vat lam tin minh chung cho tinh yeu sau nang va de nhan nhii dan dd ban tinh cua minh giu tron ldi the thuy chung: Minh ve ta chang cho ve, Ta nam vat do, ta di cau tha, Cau tha ba chit rdnh rdnh, Chit trung, chir hieu, chu tinh Id ba, Chu trung thi de phan cha, Chir hieu phan me, doi ta chir tinh Tinh yeu la sir nhd nhung, la su khat khao chd dgi khac khoai den cdn cao, mdn mdi Cac chang trai cd gai yeu nhau, xa hg thudng ap u chiec khan, chiec ao cua ngudi minh yeu de bdt di sir trai, cd dan: Ao anh xip de phong, Md thay long them thuang Nhu vay cd the ndi, chiec ao cd mdt vi tri nhu mot "nhan vat trung gian" tinh yeu Nd chung kien tinh yeu tu bay td den nghia vg chdng Ngoai ra, chiec ao cdn la mot phuang tien bieu tugng cho tinh cam gia dinh Tinh cam gia dinh vdn la pham chat thieng lieng ddi vdi mdi ngudi Nd tdn tai mot each tu nhien nhu mau thit cua ngudi Ca dao da cd nhung cau tha rat cam ddng sir dung hinh anh chiec ao de bieu hien tinh cam thieng lieng ay Cd khdng it nhung cau GVHD: Tran Van Nam 56 SVTH: Nguyen Thi Bich Thiiy Nghe thudt xdy dung nhan vdt trir tinh ca dao Nam Bd vi tinh yeu ddi lira vd tinh cdm gia dinh ca dao xuat hien hinh anh ngudi vg vdi pham chat chiu thuang chiu khd, tan tao sdm hdm, du hoan canh khd khan van giu trgn long chung thiiy vdi chdng: Chdng em rdch em thuang Chdng ngudi gam xdng huang mac ngudi Trong xa hdi Viet Nam ndi chung va ca dao Nam Bd ndi rieng khdng chi cd ngudi vg thuy chung ma cdn ngudi chdng ciing yeu thuang het long: Thuang em hdi mdi may, Bay gid rdch thay tay vd qudng, Tram nam duyen nghia ven toan, Ddu thuang rdch vd qudng ciing thuang Bai ca dao the hien long chung thuy sat son gan vdi mdt quan niem ve tinh yeu ddi lua Yeu gan bd vdi la vi tinh nghia chu khdng phai vi sang hen giau ngheo Tac gia dung hai hinh anh ddi lap "do mdi may" va "do rdch vd qudng" de chi hai hoan canh trai ngugc nhau, ddng thai ham nghia sir keo dai cua thai gian Qua do, ngudi binh dan mudn ndi rang, du hoan canh cd thay ddi nhu the nao di nua thi tinh yeu cua ho ciing khdng he thay ddi Cd the ndi, tac gia dan gian da su dung het sue kheo leo, tai tinh hinh anh chiec ao cu the, dien ta mot each sau sac, cam ddng mdi quan he tinh cam gan bd gia dinh 3.1.3 Bieu trung "Ghe, thuyen, do, tau" Trong ddi sdng cua ngudi Viet Nam Bd, chiec thuyen (ghe, tau, do, xudng) giu vai trd cue ky quan tir may the ky trudc cho tdi hdm Khdng cd gia dinh nao d vudn ma khdng cd xudng Dd, tau la phuang tien cho khach, ghe la phuang tien chd hang Chg ndi d mot sd vung sdng nude Nam Bd la kieu chg kha dac biet: ngudi ban hang, ngudi mua hang, hoat ddng mua ban trao ddi deu dien tren ghe, xudng Ndi chung, phuang tien giao thdng dudng thuy la mot tim ciia van hda ung xu vdi mdi trudng tu nhien ciia cu dan Nam Bd Thanh tuu la ket qua cua mot qua trinh lao ddng sang tao Tir chiec xudng ba la den chiec tac rang la mdt bang chiing Tu chiec xudng ba la vdi cay nang den chiec tac rang chay bang may dudi torn la mdt qua trinh lau dai ma dng cha chiing ta da lao ddng sang tao tren sdng nude Va xudng, ghe, tau, da di vao tam thuc ciia ngudi Viet Nam Bd, the hien qua ca dao- ca dao tinh yeu ddi lua: GVHD: Tran Van Nam 57 SVTH: Nguyen Thj Bich Thiiy Nghe thudt xdy dung nhan vdt trir tinh ca dao Nam Bd ve tinh yeu ddi lira vd tinh cdm gia dinh Cheo ghe mdi ndi, mdi chim, Long thuang em bqu anh tim tdi day, Tdiday la xu la lang, ai ciing la chi minh ndng anh quen Hinh anh ghe dugc dua vao nhirng cau ca dao tru tinh nhu mdt net rieng ddc dao Chiec xudng, chiec ghe (ghe tam ban, ghe chai, ghe ludng ) la bieu trung cho tinh cam sac son, cho nhung ldi than than, trach phan, han tinh, hay su dau ddn tinh yeu tan vd: - Anh cd thuang em thi thuang cho trot, Cd true trdc thi true trdc cho ludn, Dung lam theo thdi ghe budn, Nay vi, mai a cho budn dq em - Trach nd ddn cay ban, Chdng cho ghe cd ddu gdn ghe torn Bieu trung Nam bd Ca dao tru tinh Nam bd rat phong phii va da dang, xudng, ghe, tau, la nhirng hinh anh ddc dao bieu thi cho tinh cam trai gai Nhiing hinh anh bieu trung gan giii ay da chuyen tai thdng diep cua tinh yeu mdt each chan thuc va dam ngai nhan 3.1.4 Bieu trirng "cau" Trong ca dao Nam Bd, khung canh gap gd hoac chd dgi cd khuynh hudng gan vdi cac bieu trung cd ngudn gdc tir cac cdng trinh xay dung thudc vat the nhan tao, la dinh, mieu, chua, cau, quan Nhirng bieu trung thudng ggi len mdt khdng gian tinh cam, d cac NVTT gap hoac chd mong gap Cau the hien mdt khdng gian than thudc, khdng gian tinh cam Dd la nai chung kien tinh yeu ddi lua Trong ca dao ve tinh yeu ddi lua, cay cau dugc nhac den nhieu han het O Nam Bd, nhirng cay cau thd sa ton tai mdi trudng tu nhien nhu the nao thi trd yeu td tdn tai ddi sdng tinh cam ciing nhu the ay: Bang lang chat khiic bac cau, Dang anh qua lai gidi sau cho em Tac gia dan gian da mugn chiec cau de NVTT giai bay tam sir: "dau cau cua anh, budc len cau van cong vdng, cay cau mudi tam van " Va d day cau cung xuat hien vdi quan: Bin em bat cay cau mudi tam van, GVHD: Tran Van Nam 58 SVTH: Nguyen Thi Bich Thiiy Nghe thudt xdy dung nhdn vdt trir tinh ca dao Nam Bd vi tinh yen ddi lira vd tinh cdm gia dinh Ben em lap cdi quan mudi chin tdng, Ban budn nudi me, cdm chirng dgi anh Cau cdn mang y nghia la su giao ndi tinh cam la hinh anh "bac cau": Bac can cho kien leo qua, Di cho qua nhd tdi choi Chiec cau cdn la hinh anh bieu trung ca dao, chiing the hien cam nhan ciia tac gia dan gian Nam Bd ve cudc ddi, ve quan he yeu duang: Vi ddu cau van long dinh, Cau tre lac leo, ddi ta chid bio lai gdn, Tai cha vdi me budng cau dirt day "Cau" thudng the hien sir trac trd, khd vugt qua tinh yeu ddi lira: - Budc lin cau van cong vdng, Thay em a bac long hit thuang - Budc xudng cau, cau oan cdu oqi, Budc xudng thuyen, thuyen chich, thuyen nghieng, Cd tiing keu ngudi nghia phong dien, Ngudi nghia ai, duyen day khdng kit, cdn tim noi ddu? Sir trac trd do, vdn di dugc phan anh tir "sir khd di" cua nhung cay cau tre lac leo, cau van ddng dinh, cau van long dinh hay ndi each khac chinh la bat ngudn tu thuc te nhieu kenh rach Nhung cay cau rat gan giii vdi cudc sdng nhieu ndi gian truan, vat va ciia ngudi: Vi ddu cdu vdn ddng dinh, Cdu tre lac leo gap ghinh khd di, Khd di mugn chen an cam, Mugn ly udng rugu mugn ddn keo choi, Keo choi ba bua dan cd, Dirt day cdi but quen hd xu xang 3.2 CAC BIEU TRUNG CAP DOI 3.2.1 Bieu trung "budm - hoa" Ca dao ve tinh yeu ddi lua thudng diing cap bieu trung "budm - hoa" de the hien tinh cam ciia nhan vat tru tinh d nhieu muc dd "Budm - hoa" la cap hinh anh GVHD: Tran Van Nam 59 SVTH: Nguyen Thj Bich Thiiy Nghe thudt xdy dung nhdn vdt trir tinh ca dao Nam Bd ve tinh yeu ddi lira va tinh cdm gia dinh sdng ddi, chiing xuat hien nhirng bai ca dao ndi ve tinh yeu buoi ban dau Trong do, "budm" dugc vi nhu la chang trai, cdn "hoa" (bdng) dugc vi nhu cd gai Mdt bdng hoa dep cung gidng nhu la ngudi gai dep, huang sac cdn man ma thi "con budm cdn ddu cdn deo" Con budm d day la chang trai va bdng hoa la ngudi gai: Bdng cdn tham budm cdn ddu cdn deo, Bdng tan nhuy rita, budm ddu cheo leo mdt minh Ngudi gai duang thai xuan sac thi bao chang deo dudi, chd dgi nhung da qua lua Id thi "bdng tan nhuy rita" thi budm "ddu cheo leo mdt minh", bd mac cho bdng hoa phai chiu canh dan le Tinh yeu ludn gan lien vdi ndi nhd, vdi sir mong chd dugc gap mat ngudi minh yeu thuang: Budm xa hoa, budm lai vdt vd, Anh xa em bqu dim chd, trdng Khi yeu nhau, ngudi ta ludn mong se dugc d gan ben nhau, mdi dugc trdng thay Nhung luc xa ngudi minh yeu thi nhd thuang "vdt vd" de rdi "dim chd", "ngay trdng" Hg udc mong dugc gap du chi mdt Ian cho vai di ndi nhd thuang: Budm bat bdng nhu Quan Cdng ngd Tao tdc, Anh gap em mot ldn vang mat nhd thucnig Khdng rieng gi cac chang trai ma cac cd gai ca dao Nam Bd ciing bay td sir trdng dgi ngudi yeu: Budm bay thuang budm khdng dao vudn bdng, Anh di thuang anh khdng ghe di em dim trdng cha Ngudi gai cii ngdng trdng dem ngay, dgi anh hoai ma chang thay Cd gai budng ldi trach mdc nhe nhang: "sao anh khdng ghe" de cho cd gai cu "dim trdng chcf\ 3.2.2 Bieu trung "Rong - may" Rdng - may la cap bieu trung cho sir xa each va gap gd vui vay Rdng thudng cap ddi vdi may de bieu thi tinh yeu trai gai, vg chdng Day la cap bieu tugng am duang Trong cac mdi quan he thi rdng la duang, cdn may la am GVHD: Tran Van Nam 60 SVTH: Nguyen Thi Bich Thiiy Nghe thudt xdy dung nhdn vdt trir linh ca dao Nam Bd ve tinh yeu ddi lira va tinh cdm gia dinh Ca dao ndi nhieu ve cap ddi rdng - may Rdng vdi may nhu la mdt cap ddi khdng the thieu nhau, la cap tuang phung ludn ciing Ddi trai gai yeu dugc bieu trung bang hinh tugng rdng - may la niem khat khao giao hda, la cap tuang sinh: Mdt mai nen vg nen chdng, Nhu cd gap nude nhu rdng gap may, Bay gid rdng lai khdp may, Nhd tay tqo hda day vudng trdn Nghia vg chdng la nghia tram nam, tao hda da ban cho ngudi thu tinh cam thieng lieng ay "Nhd tay tqo hda day vudng trdn " Mudn nen vg nen chdng that khdng phai la chuyen de dang Theo quan niem cua Phat giao thi phai cd "duyen" tir kiep trudc, da cd duyen thi van chua du ma phai gan vdi chu "ng" mdi nen nghia vg chdng Yeu ma dugc ket vg chdng thi la hanh phuc ldn nhat Rdng - may cdn dugc bieu trung cho tinh cam vg chdng khang khit: Nhd chdng nhu vg nhd chdng, Nhu chim nhd td nhu rdng nhd may Bai ca dao tren ndi ve tinh yeu dam tham, ndi nhd thuang ciia cd gai ddi vdi chang trai ma cd yeu men Du chua vg chdng nhung tinh yeu va ndi nhd nhung cua cd gai khdng kem gi mdt ngudi vg Ndi lo sg ca hai khdng cdn dugc gap nhau: May rdng gap may day, Di rdng than thd vdi may vdi ldi, Nua mai rdng ngugc may xudi, Biet bao gid lai ndi ldi rdng may Khi yeu nhau, ngudi ta tranh thu tirng phut de dugc gap mat nhau, dugc triit can tam sir vdi ngudi minh yeu "than thd vdi may" Neu Id mdt mai mdi diia mot nai "rdng ngugc may xudi" thi cdn de ma chia se Sir each trd se de lai sir nudi tiec khdn ngudi long ddi lua: "Biit bao gid lai ndi ldi rdng may" Cdn day la ndi lo lang, budn rau cua cd gai phai xa each ngudi yeu: Khi xua thi dap chiiu chung, VI nem gqch cho rdng xa may Cd gai bdi hdi nhd lai ky niem "khi xua", luc ma ca hai cdn d ben canh "dap chiiu chung" Dii hoan canh cd ngheo tung nhung tinh yeu cua hg van rat dep va GVHD: Tran Van Nam 61 SVTH: Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy Nghe thudt xdy dung nhdn vdt trir tinh ca dao Nam Bd ve tinh yeu ddi lira vd tinh cdm gia dinh rat hanh phuc Nhung hanh phuc gid khdng cdn nua vi ngudi yeu cua cd da xa cd mai mai Ngudi ta da nhan tam pha di hanh phuc lua ddi ma hg vun dap Trong van hge dan gian, cap bieu trung rdng - may la bieu tugng dam dac nhat va cd dau an manh me, dac biet la truyen thuyet va ca dao Bieu tugng rdng- may the hien tinh cam vg chdng thiiy chung, tinh yeu ddi lua man ndng, tham thiet 3.2.3 Bieu trung "ca - song" Ngudi Viet ndi chung, cu dan Nam Bd ndi rieng deu la cu dan ndng nghiep Dac diem cd anh hudng nhat dinh den ddi sdng vat chat Ian tinh than cua cu dan vung sdng nude nai day Chinh vi vay ma ca cd mdt vi tri kha dac biet ddi sdng ngudi Nam Bd Con ca dugc dua vao ca dao nhu la mdt phuang tien nghe thuat Tac gia dan gian Nam Bd da mieu ta dac diem ciia ca ndi chung va tirng loai ca ndi rieng de ndi ve ngudi Hinh anh ca la bieu trung cho nhan vat trir tinh ca dao Dac diem chung nhat cua loai ca la sdng nude, cu the la d sdng Vi the hinh nen cap bieu trung ca - sdng Vdi cap bieu trung thi ca ludn ludn bieu trung cho cd gai, cdn sdng la chang trai: Sdng sau cd ldi ngu ngd, Biit em cd dgi md chd udng cdng Tinh cam ciia chang trai danh cho cd gai thi tha thiet, sau nang "sdng sau ", cdn cd gai thi cii ngd "cd ldi ngu ngd" Chang trai khdng biet dugc chinh xac cd gai cd yeu thuang minh that sir, cd "dgi' minh de ma "chd" Sir chd dgi cd the se "udng cdng" Hay la su chd dgi ciia chang trai tinh hudng sau: Sdng sau cd ldi bat tam, Chin thu ciing dgi mudi nam cung chd Du chd dgi em cho den "chin thu, mudi nam" hay cho den bao lau di chang nua, anh van yeu thuang va chd dgi em Dudi sdng cd mudn ngan ca ldi huyen thien nhung tinh cam ciia chang trai chi danh rieng cho ngudi gai ma chang yeu "bat cd ldi riing mdt minh" Sdng Tiin cd ldi huyin thiin, Long anh mudn bat cd ldi riing mdt minh Bai ca dao sau the hien tinh yeu thiiy chung cua ngudi gai: Con cd xa sdng cdn men nude trin ddng, GVHD: Tran Van Nam 62 SVTH: Nguyen Thi Bich Thiiy Nghe thudt xdy dung nhdn vdt trit tinh ca dao Nam Bd ve tinh yeu ddi lira va tinh cam gia dinh Em vi nhd kim tiin cd hau, khoan lay chdng dgi anh Du "cd xa sdng" nhung ca van nhd, van mdt long chd dgi Cd gai xa ngudi minh yeu nhung cd "khoan lay chdng", van ludn chung thuy vdi ngudi yeu "dgi anh" Khi da that su yeu nhau, ngudi ta khdng ne chi gian khd "chdng gai", khdng ham chd sang giau ma phu bd ngudi minh yeu Cau ca dao nhu la mdt ldi khuyen, mdt ldi nhac nhd cua chang trai: Con cd dudi sdng ldi nhdo, Duang chdng gai em dirng ne chd sang giau em dung ham 3.2.4 Bieu trimg "chim - rung" Trong kho tang van hge dan gian Viet Nam, cd rat nhieu bai ca dao tuc ngu* xoay quanh chu de thii vi Mdi bai lai cd mdt net rieng ddc dao an chua nhirng gia tri khac Nhung nhin chung deu la nhirng ldi ca nggi cai tinh dugc ket tinh tinh yeu Cd the la nhirng chuyen tinh dep, ciing cd the la nhung ldi ndi nggt ngao lang man ma cac ddi lira van thudng xuyen thi tham vdi Hoac nhirng hanh ddng chiing td tinh yeu vd bd ben cua hg Cac ddi nam nu ca dao bde Id tinh yeu ciia minh mdt each rat sang Hg khdng sir dung nhung cau ndi thdng tuc de dien ta tinh cam cua minh Tam tu cua ngudi trai dugc gui gam qua hinh anh "chim rimg", mdt linh vat dugc ngudi xua coi la bieu tugng ciia sir hanh phiic Yeu la phai nhd Cd le day la luat bat van Thu hdi cd may da yeu ma chua phai trai qua cam giac nhd nhung? Yeu va nhd vdn di chang the tach rdi nhau: Chim xa rung thuang cay nhd cdi, Nguai xa nguai tdi lam nguai ai! Chang thd khdng gap thi thdi, Gap rdi mdi dua mdt nai danh Nhd la mdt phan tinh yeu nam nu Yeu khdng nhd chang phai la yeu Ndi nhd bai ca dao tren dugc the hien mdt each te nhi ma tha thiet Bai ca dao la su nhd thuang vi xa each Dgc bai ca dao, ta cam nhan dugc ndi budn tram lang ciia ddi lua yeu sir nhd mong da diet Ngay ca chim choc cdn biet thuang, biet nhd "thuang cay nhd cdi', hudng chi la ngudi Yeu ma phai xa thi cdn dau ddn nao han Hai tir "tdi lam" dgc len ta cam thay vd ciing cam thuang va nhu cd gi van nai d Hoan canh day dua hg gap va yeu nhau, gid mdi diia GVHD: Tran Van Nam 63 SVTH: Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy Nghe thudtxdy dung nhdn vdt trir tinh ca dao Nam Bd ve tinh yeu ddi lira vd tinh cdm gia dinh mdt nai thi "sao danh" Hai cau ca dao the hien mot su nudi tiec va khdng no nao rdi xa Ngudi ta khdng chi yeu cdn la nhung nam nu tu ma ddi luc lai thuang ngudi chinh ngudi phu nu da cd chdng cd Cd the vi mot li nao do, ngudi phu nu ay trd me gda, phai chiu canh md cdi Chang trai cam thuang cho than phan ngudi phu nu va ciing mudn td tinh qua nhung cau: Cd Ly Ngu sau tu bieng ldi, Chim tren canh sau cdi biing bay, Anh thuang em nhieu ndi long dong, Con tha tay bi tay bdng, Mudn vd chap ndi em bang long hay khdng? Ngudi ta thudng ndi, yeu la phai cd sir hy sinh Vi ngudi minh yeu, chang trai san sang dang rdng vdng tay, chung sue xay dap cudc sdng gia dinh vdi ngudi phu nu ma chang yeu "mudn vd chap ndi" Mac du ngudi phu nu ay da qua mdt ddi chdng, phan "long dong", them phan "con tha tay be tay bdng" nhung chang van khdng ngai Tinh yeu chan that xuat phat tu trai tim, yeu la khdng so han tinh thiet Khdng phai liic nao tinh yeu ciing gan lien vdi hanh phuc Cdn gi budn han yeu ma ngudi ta khdng dap lai tinh minh: Chim tren riing ngam cdy can Id, Cd dudi biin an dd cha sao, Gap mat anh day em khdng hdi khdng chao, Hay Id em cd noi nao phu anh? Tac gia dan gian mugn hinh anh "chim tren riing" va "cd dudi biin" de bieu trung cho tinh yeu cua chang trai danh cho cd gai Chang trai thi ludn chd dgi, dugc the hien qua hinh anh "ngam cdy can Id" va "an dd chd sao" Chang gui trgn tinh yeu vao cd gai nhung ngugc lai, cd gai lai ddi xii* lanh nhat vdi chang trai "khdng hdi khdng chao ", gap mat xem nhu khdng quen biet Qua thai ciia cd gai, chang trai cung phan nao cam nhan dugc cd gai ma minh yeu da cd mdt tinh yeu khac: "Hay Id em cd noi nao phu anh? " Ciing mugn hinh anh tren de the hien sir gan bd tinh chdng vg: Chim bay vi cdi, cd ldi ve riing, Mudn nen ca nghiip thi dirng bd em GVHD: Tran Van Nam 64 SVTH: Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy Nghi thudt xdy dung nhdn vdt trir tinh ca dao Nam Bd vi tinh yeu ddi lira va tinh cdm gia dinh Tat ca mgi vat tren ddi deu cd ngudn cdi, gdc gac Con ngudi ciing vay, cung dugc sinh va ldn len sir diim bgc, che chd cua ngudi than Vi the, ngudi phai biet yeu thuang, diim bgc Ian nhau, nhat la tinh nghia vg chdng keo son gan bd Du cho cudc sdng cd gap nhieu khd khan, vat va thi vg chdng ciing cd gang vugt qua, chung sue lam nen ca nghiep Sir dat ciia ngudi chdng, mdt phan ciing cd cdng lao ciia ngudi vg Dirng thay cudc sdng sang giau day dii ma phu bd vg minh Bai ca dao nhu la mdt ldi nhan nhii, vg chdng phai ludn yeu thuang, chung thuy de cung tao nen ca nghiep rang ngdi Cai dep cua tinh yeu ddi lua ca dao la the, thieng lieng la the va cd sue cudn hut den la limg Nd mang minh mdt sue manh vd hinh khien ngudi manh me han, du siic vuat qua mgi trd ngai Tinh yeu ca dao hudng ta den nhirng khat khao, udc vgng tdt dep cudc sdng, giup ta vugt qua nhirng khd khan, trac trd lua ddi, ddi cdn khien ta them giii virng tinh cam long Ca dao, neu xem nd la mdt buc tranh, thi tinh yeu phai chang la mdt phan mau sac td len buc tranh ay? Qua cac bieu trung tieu bieu da dugc trinh bay, ta da phan nao thay dugc vai trd nhat dinh cua nd he thdng thi phap ca dao Nam Bd Bieu trung gdp phan vao viec xay dung nhan vat trir tinh, la hinh anh tao nen tinh hudng tru tinh va tam trang tru tinh ca dao GVHD: Tran Van Nam 65 SVTH: Nguyen Thi Bich Thiiy Nghi thudt xay dung nhdn vdt trir tinh ca dao Nam Bd vi tinh yen ddi lira vd tinh cam gia dinh KET LUAN Xet tren quan diem nghe thuat, ndi ham ciia van hoc ludn chua dung sir hieu biet ve ngudi, tinh yeu va trach nhiem ddi vdi ngudi Nhung hinh tugng nghe thuat ciia nghe si phai mang nhung gia tri hinh cac chii the ciia ddi sdng, tuc ngudi Nd phai dap ung nhu cau thai dai, phat trien nhan each, loc tam hdn ngudi Ndi chung, ca dao xua van dugc xem la nhung sang tac tap the Dau chiing ta ciing nen nhd rang: cau ca dao nao khdi dau cung phai mot ca nhan cd nang khieu ve thi ca, cam hung, sang tac nen Bdi, nhu cau tinh cam ca nhan muon dugc bgc Id, hay vi thuang cam canh ngd nhung ngudi xung quanh ma lam ho Nd chd tam tu tinh cam, due ket nhung kinh nghiem sdng, nhung quan niem ve nhan each, nhan due d mdi ngudi Tat ca dugc bd Id qua tac gia hay NVTT Neu cau ca dugc nhieu ngudi ua thich, chap nhan la hay, se dugc truyen khau Nhirng luc lao ddng ngudi ta hat len de quen bdt ndi met nhge Tir ma ldi ca chung ciia ca cdng ddng Nghien cuu thi phap ca dao khdng the bd qua yeu td NVTT Trong tac pham tru tinh, NVTT khdng the thieu dugc Nam he thdng tru tinh, NVTT ca dao cd diem gidng vdi NVTT tha tru tinh cua van hoc viet nhung nd cung cd nhung net dac trung rieng cho the loai Nd khdng mang dau an ca nhan ciia tac gia ma qua NVTT ta thau hieu dugc tam tu, tinh cam ciia ca mdt lap ngudi xa hdi NVTT ca dao that phong phu va da dang nhung ngudi ta thudng ban nhieu vh mot sd kieu NVTT nhu chang trai va cd gai quan he tinh duyen, vdi nhung cung bac tinh cam khac nhau, vdi niem hanh phuc tinh yeu iron ven, vdi nhung dau khd bat hanh tinh yeu tan vd Ngoai ra, CDNB, ta cdn thay ho quan he gia dinh vdi vai trd la mot ngudi me, ngudi con, ngudi chdng, ngudi vg hoac cac mdi quan he xa hdi khac Ho lam ndi bat dugc dac diem ciia ngudi binh dan Nam Bd Ca dao xet ve gdc dd tu ciia dan tdc, la tam guong buc xa hien thuc khach quan ciia mdi dan tdc vdi ldi sdng, dieu kien sdng va nhung phong tuc tap quan rieng Hinh anh ve thien nhien, ngudi, ve truyen thdng dan tdc, quan he xa hdi dugc pham tru hda theo nhung each khac nhau, bang nhung hinh thuc ngdn ngu khac CDNB la ket tinh thuan cua tinh than ngudi Nam Bd, la net dep van hda dan gian Viet Nam Sau nghien cuu de tai "Nghi thudt xdy dung nhdn vdt trir tinh GVHD: Tran Van Nam 66 SVTH: Nguyen Thi Bich Thiiy Nghe thudt xdy dung nhdn vdt trir tinh ca dao Nam Bd vi linh yeu ddi lira vd tinh cam gia dinh ca dao Nam Bd vi tinh yeu ddi lira vd tinh cdm gia dinh", cluing tdi rut mdt so ket luan sau day: Luan van giup chiing tdi hieu them vd ve dep cua CDNB Dd la ve dep cua van hda sdng nude, van minh miet vudn Nghien cuu ve ca dao khdng chi cho chiing tdi thay nhirng net dep van hda ciia ngudi Viet Nam ndi chung va ngudi dan Nam Bd ndi rieng ma cdn lam ndi bat len tinh than lac quan, yeu ddi, yeu ngudi thiet tha Luan van da khai quat hda dac diem ca ban cua NVTT CDNB, phan biet khai niem NVTT vdi cac khai niem cd lien quan NVTT CDNB cung cd nhung dac diem chung vdi NVTT ca dao cac vung khac nhu cd sir thiiy chung, nghia tinh, nhan hau, thiet tha, Tuy nhien, ben canh mdt so diem chung cd d NVTT ca dao ngudi Viet thi NVTT CDNB cung cd nhung net dac trung nhat la sir bde true, thang than, tu nhien, phong khoang, hai nude Vd nghe thuat xay dung NVTT, tac gia CDNB cung diing mdt sd bien phap phd bien cua ca dao ndi chung Song, luan van di sau tim hieu each xay dung NVTT tren hai phuang dien: hinh anh va tinh huong Ve hinh anh, luan van chu yeu tap trung khai thac hai loai hinh anh: hinh anh tu nhien va hinh anh nhan tao Cd the ndi, thi gidi hinh anh ca dao rat da dang Nd gop phan tao nen sir phong phii each xay dung NVTT Ve tinh hudng, luan van khao sat nhung tinh hudng thudng xay nhu: tinh yeu gap thuan Igi, tinh yeu gap trd luc, lay phai ngudi khdng gi, vg chong khdng hda thuan, Them vao do, luan van cung neu len mdt so bieu trung tieu bieu ciia NVTT, tac gia dan gian da diing nhung hinh anh bieu trung dd ndi ve nhieu chu de Trong do, chu de tinh yeu, gia dinh dugc chiing tdi khai thac d hai ndi dung la cac bieu trung dan va cac bieu trung cap ddi Ve cac bieu trung dan, luan van tap trung phan tich nhung bieu trung tieu bidu, xuat hien vdi tan sd cao nhu: ao, hoa, ghe, thuyen, do, tau, cau, O cac bieu trung cap ddi, luan van chi di vao khai thac cac cap bieu trung ciia NVTT ve tinh yeu ddi lira va tinh cam gia dinh, biin nhu: budm - hoa, rong - may, ca - sdng, chim - rirng, De hoan luan van nay, chiing tdi da lam viec can man, nghiem tuc vdi sir quyet tam cao Song, kha nang cd han, luan van chac chdn khdng tranh khdi GVHD: Tran Van Nam 67 SVTH: Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy Nghe thudt xdy dung nhdn vdt trir tinh ca dao Nam Bd ve tinh yen ddi lira va tinh cdm gia dinh nhirng thieu sdt Chung tdi chan ddn nhan sir ddng gop y kien quy bau tir quy thay cd dh cd budc khac phuc va sua chua, bd sung de luan van dugc hoan thien han GVHD: Tran Van Nam 68 SVTH: Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy TAI LIEU THAM KHAO * Sach tham khao Lai Nguyen An (1995) Tir dien van hoc Viet Nam Ha Ndi: Nxb Giao due Chu Xuan Dien (1991) "Cac thd loai tru tinh dan gian", Van hoc ddn gian (2), Tr 309 - 460 TP.HCM: Nxb Dai hge Qudc gia Chu Xuan Dien (2005) Van hoc ddn gian Bac Lieu TP.HCM: Nxb Van nghe Chu Xuan Dien (2008) Nghien ciru van hda ddn gian - Phuang phdp, lich su, thi loai Ha Ndi: Nxb Giao due Dinh Gia Khanh (chii bien), Chu Xuan Dien, Vo Quang Nhan (1997) Van hoc ddn gian VietNam TP.HCM: Nxb Giao due Nguyen Xuan Kinh (1992) Thi phdp ca dao Ha Ndi: Nxb Khoa hge xa hdi Nguyen Xuan Kinh va Phan Dang Nhat (ddng chu bien) (1995) Kho tdng ca dao ngudi Viet Ha Ndi: Nxb Van hda - Thdng tin Phuang Luu, Tran Dinh Sir, Le Nggc Tra (2003) Li ludn van hoc Ha Ndi: Nxb Giao due Tran Van Nam (2008) Cdm nhdn ca dao Nam Bd TP.HCM: Nxb Van nghe 10 Tran Van Nam (2010) Bieu trung ca dao Nam Bd Ha Ndi: Nxb Dai hge Qudc gia 11 Dang Le Nghi (1929) Cdu hdt doi theo ban cdy Sai Gdn: Nha in Xua 12 Bui Manh Nhi, Bao Dinh Giang, Nguyen Tan Phat va Tran Tan VTnh (1984) Ca dao - ddn ca Nam Bd Nxb TP.HCM 13 Bui Manh Nhi (chii bien), Nguyen Thi Nggc Diep, Hd Qudc Hiing (2002) Van hoc ddn gian (nhirng cdng trinh nghien cuu) Nxb Giao due 14 Thach Phuang va Ngd Quang Hidn (1994) Ca dao Nam Trung Bd Ha Ndi: Nxb Khoa hge xa hdi 15 Khoa Ngu van Dai hge Can Tha (1997) Van hoc ddn gian Dong bdng sdng Cuu Long TP.HCM: Nxb Giao due 16 Huynh Nggc Trang (2006) Ca dao ddn ca Nam ky luc tinh Ddng Nai: Nxb Tdng hgp 17 Hoang Tien Tuu (1998) Van hge ddn gian Viet Nam Ha Ndi: Nxb Giao due 18 Le Tri Vien (chii bien) (1986) Tha van Dong Thap, tap Nxb Tong hgp Ddng Thap xn * Bao, tap chi Chu Xuan Dien (1981) "Ve viec nghien cuu thi phap van hge dan gian", Tap chi Van hoc (5), Tr 19 Nguyen Trgng Hoan (1990) "Den vdi ca dao Ddng Thap Mudi", Tap chi van hda dan gian (2), Tr 62 Nguyen Trgng Hoan (1991) "Van hge dan gian Ben Tre", Tap chi van hda ddn gian (2), Tr 65 Nguyen Dac Dieu Lam (1997) "Thi phap ca dao vdi bai Ru Nam Bd", Tap chi Van hoc (1), Tr 33 Truang Thi Nhan (1991) "Gia tri bieu trung nghe thuat cua cac vat thd ca dao cd truyen Viet Nam", Tap chi Van hda ddn gian, (3), Tr 46 Dffl H0CW2Ri< ^ "THIf VIEN Xlll
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