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TRCtfNG Dfll HOC VO TRtfGfNG TOflN KHOA KHOA HOC CO BAN KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP CHUYEN NGANH VAN HOC THE GlCfl NHAN VAT TRONG TIEU THUYET HO BIEU CHANH Giang vien hiring dan: Sinh vien thyc hien: NGUYEN THI MY NHUNG NGO DIEU THANH Dfll HOC VOTRdONGTOfiH Hau Giang, thdng 06 nam 2012 The giai nhan vat tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chdnh LOI CAM ON Nho vao sir day tan tinh cua cac thay co truong Dai hoc V6 Truong Toan, Khoa khoa hoc co ban suot bon nam hoc qua, dac biet la sir hirong dan chu dao ciia co Nguyen Thi My Nhung va cung voi sir tim toi, co gang, no lire ciia ban than, toi da hoan dugc de tai The giai nhan vat tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chanh Toi xin gui den cac thay co truong Dai hoc V6 Truong Toan, Khoa khoa hoc co ban, dac biet la co Nguyen Thi My Nhung - Nguoi huong dan toi suot qua trinh hoan khoa luan tot nghiep loi cam on chan va sau sac Hau Giang, 11 thang.( nam 2012 Nguoi viet Ngo Dieu Thanh GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The giai nhan vat tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chdnh LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan rang luan van la chinh toi thirc hien, cac so lieu thu thap va ket qua phan tich luan van la trung thirc, khong trung voi bat cu de tai nghien cuu khoa hoc nao Sinh vien thirc hien (Ky va ghi ro ho ten) Ngo Dieu Thanh GVHD: Nguyen Thi My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The giai nhan vat tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chdnh PHIEU DANH GIA LUAN VAN TOT NGHIEP (Giang vien hw&ng dan) giAngvienhu'6ngdAn: SINH VIEN THU'C HIEN: MSSV: ;;:.- \A\iJ KHOA: TEN DE TAI: NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN HUONG DAN Danh gia chung qua trinh lam luan van tot nghiep: 1.1 Chuyen can: 1.2 Thai do: 1.3 Khac: Danh gia luan van: 2.1 Dat van de (theo buoc): 2.2 Noi dung chinh: GVHD: Nguyen Thi My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The giai nhan vat tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chcinh 2.3 Chu thich, thu muc: 2.4 Hinh thirc trinh bay: 2.4.1 Dung lugng (trang): 2.4.2 Khuon kho: 2.4.3 In an: 2.4.4 Trinh bay: 2.4.5 Chinh ta, ngu phap: Danh gia, xep loai: Danh gia: Xep loai: , thdng nam 2012 Giang vien hudng dan (Ki va ghi ro ho ten) GVHD: Nguyen Thi My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The giai nhan vat tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chanh TOM TAT LUAN VAN MO DAU Li chon de tai De hieu sau sac hon ve the gidi nhan vat tac pham cua Ho Bieu Chanh toi quyet dinh chon nghien cuu ve the gidi nhan vat tieu thuyet cua ong Nghien cuu de tai de tim hieu ban chat cua tirng nhan vat tac pham, hieu ro hon ve nguoi Nam Bo va xa hoi luc bay gid Lich sir van de Qua trinh nghien cuu the gidi nhan vat tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chanh cua cac nha nghien cuu qua nhieu giai doan khac cho den so lugng phong phu, cac nhan vat ciia Ho Bieu Chanh van la diem noi bac so vdi cac nha van khac bdi ong la ngudi gdp phan lam cho tieu thuyet Nam Bo phat trien rue ro nhat Khong nhung noi dung hay, gan gui, cd thirc ma mang gia tri dao due sau sac ma tac gia da the hien qua tinh each, ngdn ngu, hanh dong cua mdi loai nhan vat tac pham ciia minh Cac kieu nhan vat dugc nhin d cac gdc khac va day la mot nhung cdng ciia Ho Bieu Chanh Muc dich yeu cau Trudc het, ngudi viet chi dugc mot so dac diem ve the gidi nhan vat tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chanh Tiep theo, ngudi viet tim mot so phuong thuc nghe thuat dugc sir dung de xay dung nhan vat, tir di den khang dinh dong gdp ciia Ho Bieu Chanh chang dau cua qua trinh hien dai hda tieu thuyet Viet Nam dau the ki XX Pham vi nghien cuu Ddi tugng khao sat ciia luan van bao gdm mot so tieu thuyet ciia Ho Bieu Chanh Luan van tap trung vao van de chinh: mot la neu mot so van de ve tac gia va li luan ve tieu thuyet; hai la xac dinh, phan loai va md ta the gidi nhan vat tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chanh; ba la tim hieu nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chanh GVHD: Nguyen Thi My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The giai nhan vat tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chanh Phirong phap nghien ciru Trong qua trinh nghien cuu ve the gidi nhan vat tieu thuyet cua Ho Bieu Chanh, toi cd phdi hop su dung cac phuong phap nhu: phuong phap nghien cuu he thong, phuong phap phan tich- tdng hop, phuong phap khao sat, thong ke, va phuong phap khai quat Cac phuong phap tren dugc su dung qua trinh phan tich cac yeu to can tim tac pham van hoc de lam ro ve the gidi nhan vat tieu thuyet CHUONG1: LY LUAN VE TIEU THUYET VA NHAN VAT TIEU THUYET 1.1 Vai net ve nha van Ho Bieu Chanh 1.1.1 Cuoc doi Ho Bieu Chanh ten that la Nguyen Van Trung, tu la Bieu Chanh, hieu Thu Tien Ong sinh thang 10 nam 1885 tai lang Binh Thanh, Go Cong, Tien Giang Ho Van Trung sang tac van chuong vdi cac but danh: Ho Van Trung, Ho Bieu Chanh Tir nam 1906 -1946, ong lam viec nha nude, vdi nhieu chiic vu khac nhau, cdng tac nhieu noi tren vung dat Nam Bo Ho Bieu Chanh mat thang 11 nam 1958, tai biet thu d Phu Nhuan, hudng tho 73 tudi 1.1.2 Su* nghiep sang tac Ho Bieu Chanh gdp cho nen van hoc nude nha so lugng tac pham phong phu va so, cd khoang 64 tieu thuyet cd 11 tieu thuyet dugc phdng tac tir cac tac pham nude ngoai, 12 tap truyen ngan va truyen ke, 12 vd hai kjch va ca kich, tap tho va truyen tho, tac pham dich, tap ky, 28 tap khao cuu va phe binh, ngoai cd mot so dien thuyet va khao luan Ho Bieu Chanh la nha van song bao trum ca giai doan ciia lich su van hoc mdi Viet Nam Cac sang tac cua ong cung trai dai cac giai doan: giai doan 1862 -1913; giai doan 1913- 1932; giai doan 1932 - 1945; giai doan 1945 -1954 GVHD: Nguyen Thi My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chanh 1.2 Khai niem ve tieu thuyet va mot so dac diem ve nhan vat tieu thuyet 1.2.1 Khai niem tieu thuyet Cd nhieu y kien khac ve van de khai niem tieu thuyet, cac nha nghien cuu di trudc nhu: Phan Cu De, Pham Quynh dua khai niem ve tieu thuyet hay cudn // luan van hoc ciia Phuong Luu, Tir dien thuat ngit van hoc ciia nhdm nhieu tac gia cung cd dua khai niem tieu thuyet Tir nhung nghien cuu cd san ciia cac nha nghien cuu tien phong, ngudi viet rut dugc khai niem tieu thuyet theo quan niem ciia minh " Tieu thuyet la mot loai hinh van hoc duac trinh bay qua tac pham tir su ca Ian co khd ndng phdn dnh hien thuc dai song trdi qua cdc chdng duang Tich sir, nhdm phdn dnh nhung mat tieu cue ciia xa hoi ve phong tuc, tap quan, dao due xa hoi, Tieu thuyet mang ban chat tdng hop, co khd ndng dung nap cdc hinh thai nhdn thuc Dong thai ca ngai cdc mat tich cue tren moi linh vuc, lam tai hien lai hire tranh cuoc song mang tinh da dang va phong phu " 1.2.2 Nhan vat tieu thuyet Cung tir nhieu y kien ve nhan vat tieu thuyet cac cdng trinh nghien cuu, ngudi viet cung xin dua nhan dinh ciia minh ve nhan vat tieu thuyet kt Vdy nhdn vdt tieu thuyet la nhung nguai duac xay dung tir nguyen mdu cua dai sang, tirng nem trdi moi tac dong cua cuoc song Nhdn vdt tieu thuyet cung la phuang tien de nha van truyen tai nhung van de hien thuc den doc gia Nhdn vdt tieu thuyet ton tai suot tac phdm thong qua mieu ta sinh dong, chinh xdc, cu the tirng hire thang tram cua so phdn cua nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Nhdn vdt tieu thuyet dong vai tro quan trong qua trinh sang tao tieu thuyet, truyen tai quan niem thdm ml, qiiy ludt cuoc song cua tac gia Dong thai nhdn vdt tieu thuyet ciing chinh la phuang tien khai quat len tinh each, so phdn nguai, quan niem dao li ma cdc nha tieu thuyet de cap tac phdm " CHUONG CAC KIEU NHAN VAT TRONG TIEU THUYET HO BIEU CHANH 2.1 Nhan vat nhin theo goc tang lop xa hoi 2.1.1 Thuong luu Gidi thugng luu bao gdm quan chuc, phu hao, d ndng thdn va thi Ddi song ciia ho giau sang, an mac dep, cd tien va quyen lire tay Ho khong can GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chanh phai lo com ao gao tien thudng hang, khong sg ddi rach Gidi thugng luu cd nhung ngudi song sach, biet yeu thuong giup ngudi khac nhung cung cd nhung ngudi chi biet lgi ich ciia ban than, tieu xai ldn Trong nha cd ngudi hau ha, cd be phai ngoai xa hoi, Tuy nhien vdi moi nhan vat cd mot each song, quan niem hoan toan khac nhau: ba Phu Ai lam duac, ba phii Khanh Long Tien bgc bgc tien, ong huyen Khoan Tai toi, hoi dong Dat Chut phdn link dinh, ba hoi dong Nhan Cay dang mui dai, Hai Kiem Nhung dieu nghe thay, ba ca Kim Tgitoi, Tang ldp thugng luu tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chanh sdng cuoc sdng giau sang sung sudng tren nhung cue nhoc ciia nha ngheo Tang ldp thugng luu an mac sang trong, tieu xai ldn nhung cung cd mot so ngudi sdng it ki chi bi£t hudng lgi rieng minh, dudng ngdi xe hoi, nha cd tien mudn 2.1.2 Trung luu Bao gdm chuc sac lang xa d ndng thdn: Huong su Cu Con nha ngheo, huong su Sac Thay thong ngon, huong hao Hoi Cha nghia ndng, huong giao Rang Con nha ngheo, Trung luu thj nhu nhung vien chiic, tri thuc tre: thay thong Tran Van Phong Thay thong ngon, thay ky Nhu Binh Bo va, doc to Mien Vinh Chut phdn link dinh, ddc to VTnh Xuan Tan phong nir si, dng phan Them Thiet gia gia thiet, bac vat Trgng Quy Me ghe ghe, bac vat Chau Tat Dat Na tinh, Cuoc sdng ciia ho on dinh, cd quyen lgi xa hoi nhien thudc vao tinh each tung nhan vat dan den quan niem sdng khac 2.1.3 Binh dan Tang ldp chiem so lugng ldn cac tac pham cua Hd Bieu Chanh, ho bi bde lot nang ne ve kinh te, quanh nam vat va nhung khong thoat khdi ddi ngheo Nhung ngudi ndng dan ngheo: Tran Van Siiu Cha nghia ndng, Cai tuan Budi Con nha ngheo, Le Van Do Ngon co gio dua, ta di§n Cu Con nha ngheo, la nhung ndng dan bi bde lot, ho can cu sieng nang nhung mang so phan bat hanh, thap cd be hong xa hoi Hay nhung ngudi sdng bang nhieu nghe khac nhu thg thuyeYi, mua ban, sop lam cdng, Gang Bo va, ba Sau Chiitphdn link dinh, hai Ty Ta hong vuang van Chuc Nhung dieu nghe thay, Ngoai cd GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung vm SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chanh phan bat hao: Tu lien, Tu Cu Vi nghia vi tinh, Hai Ro, Hai Thinh Chiitphdn Tinh dinh, 2.2 Nhan vat nhin theo goc tinh chat, the loai 2.2.1 Nhan vat chinh dien Nhan vat chinh dien gan lien vdi pham chat tot, luong thien: Thu Ha Khoc thdm, Thien Huong Mot dai tai sdc, Chi Dai Ai lam duac, Nhan vat cd y chi vugt qua khd khan, nghich canh: Hao Cuai guang, Le Van Do Ngon co gio diia, Cam Van Dogn tinh, Nhan vat chinh dien dong vai trd phu vdi tu each la nhan vat cuu tinh: Bach Khieu Nhan Ai lam duac, Ba Thdi Cay ddng mid dai, hoi dong Chanh Khoc thdm, anh thg Cang Bo va, ta dien Cu Con nha ngheo, Nhan vat cuu tinh giup nhan vat chinh thay ddi quan niem sdng: hda thugng Chanh Tarn Ngon co gio dim, Phan Thanh Nhan Day oan, Nhan vat chinh dien each tan, day la sang tao moi qua trinh xay dung nhan vat ciia Ho Bieu Chanh: Hai Tan Tdn phong nu sT, Thu Van va Hien Vinh Chiit phdn link dinh, Bach Tuyet Ai lam duac, Yen Tuyet Tinh mong, 2.2.2 Nhan vat phan dien, tha hoa Nhan vat cd hanh vi xau, dam d, lam bang hoai dao due: VTnh Thai Khoc thdm, huong hao Hoi Cha nghia ndng, Truong Xuan Tinh mong, Hai NghTa Con nha ngheo, To Hong Xuong Cuai guang, Nhan vat mang ban chat ddc ac, tham lam, dung thu doan de dat muc dich: ba Phii Ai lam duac, VTnh Thai Khoc thdm, ba cai Hieu Con nha ngheo, Hai Lanh Tien bgc bgc tien, Vd Van Dat Dai nghia diet than, Nhan vat tha hda tac ddng cua ddng tien, danh vong: Do Thi Tien bgc bgc tien, Nhu Binh Bo va, Van Phong Thdy thong ngon, thay Chung Thdy Chung trung so, cd Oanh Bo chdng, Nhin chung nhan vat phan dien, tha hda la nhung ngudi xau, chay theo nhung due vong thap hen, ban chat tham lam, ddc ac, 2.2.3 Nhan vat trung gian Nhan vat cd nhung quyet djnh hoac hanh ddng sai lam, biet an nan nhan ldi: Tran Van Siiu Cha nghia nang, Ly Thj Dang Day oan, GVHD: Nguyen Thi My Nhung A SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhan vdt tieu thuyet Ho Bieu Chanh 3.1.3 Nghe thuat mieu ta nhan vat qua dac diem tinh each Tinh cdch trongy nghia rdng nhdt, chung nhdt la sir the hien cdc phdm chdt xa hdi lich sir ciia ngudi qua cdc dac diem cd nhdn gan lien vdi phdm chdt tdm sinh li ciia ho Tinh each la mot hgt nhdn la sir thdng nhdt ciia cd tinh va cdi chung xa hdi lich sir Nhung ngudi ta chi goi la tinh cdch, nhirng ngudi ma su thdng nhdt bieu hien mot cdch ndi bdt cdc phdm chat xa hdi lich sir ciia nd Tinh cdch ay la hien twang ndi bat ddi sdng ciia ngudi".[8, tr 279] Tuy nhian tinh each la mot hien tugng xa hoi Hch su, xuat hien hien thuc khach quan Do chuc nang khai quat cua nhan vat cung mang tinh chat lich su " Nhirng y nghia ciia nhdn vdt khdng chi dan gian la the hien tinh cdch, bdi mdi tinh cdch la mot ket tinh ciia mot mdi trudng, mot hoan cdnh cu the Chinh vi vdy ma nhdn vdt ddng vai trd la ddn dat ddc gid di vao the gidi ddi sdng " ndi dung khdi quat ciia nhdn vdt khdng chi la cdi tinh cdch xa hdi, lich sir va mang ddi sdng gan lien vdi nd, ma la quan niem ve tinh cdch va cdi tir tudng ma tdc gid mudn the hien "[8, tr 281] Trong tiau thuyat ciia Hd Biau Chanh ta ludn bat gap tinh each ciia nhan vat theo hai hudng Tinh each tdt dai dien cho cai thien va tinh each xau dai dien cho cai ac Nhan vat mang tinh each tdt cd ban chat luong thien sudt chang dudng dai cua tac pham chi lam nhung viec tdt va kat qua bao gid cung nhan dugc niam vui va hanh phuc Vdi nhan vat mang tinh each xau thi hoan toan ngugc lai so vdi nhan vat mang tinh each tdt Nau ndi nhan vat dai dien cho cai thien ludn ludn lam diau tdt, biat yau thuong chia se, cam thdng cho nhau, nha giau ma thuong nha ngheo, san sang giiip cho nha ngheo vugt qua khd khan, cd chi hudng lo cho ddi, thi nhan vat mang tinh each xau la nhirng ngudi ddc ac, tham lam vi tian ma khdng tir mot thii doan nao, danh mat Ham sT muu cau danh lgi tran sd phan ngudi ngheo, sdng khdng dao li, Ba Cam Con nha ngheo vdn xuat than tir mot gia dinh ndng dan ngheo khd, nhung vi thay dugc mat tiau cue ciia xa hdi, bgn dia chii ddc ac tham lam bde lot ta dian ma lam giau, cha dap nha ngheo ma khdng nghT tinh ddng loai, nan anh bd xu ma di cdn rat tre Dat Sai Gdn, noi phd hdi ddng ngudi tha ma anh trai qua ngheo da tdn tai va cd co sd lam an chan chinh cudc sdng rat day dii thoi Anh la ngudi cd y chi va tinh tinh thang khdng sg bgn nha giau Khi biat em gai minh vi cai thdi nha giau ma mang nhuc, Cai Tuan Budi lam anh ma khdng bao ve dugc em minh, nan Ba Cam tuc gian va quyat tam tra thu cho em, hua se tao cho em co sd lam an de cd cudc sdng am no hon, chu khdng da em minh thap hen, nhuc nha Ba Cam di tim Hai NghTa da trung tri cai tdi lam hu danh gia nha ngheo Tuy hanh ddng la sai vdi luat phap, nhung cung GVHD: Nguyen Thi My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh Thegidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh vi Hai NghTa khdng biat diau khdng nhung khdng cd tinh ngudi ma cdn mat dao due, Ba Cam cho Hai NghTa la mot bai hgc dang da nhd ddi cho nhung ke vi due vgng ma lam dau khd cho ngudi khac Tran Van Suu Cha nghia nang " ddu canh tu thirc day lo mo ndu mot ndi com an phdn nua phdn nua thi dem theo Vai mang vong hdi, tayxdeh gdi cam, dd cira nhe nhe budc sdn md di" cho thay anh quanh nam vat va vdi cdng viec, chju thuong chiu khd lam an, anh tim dii mgi cdng viec de lam nau lam xong rudng cua minh, chang chiu nghT ngoi Anh cho rang " d nha thi uong Idm" diing la suy nghT don gian cua ngudi ndng dan can cu, siang nang Tran Van Sim ngheo nhung qua nhirng suy nghT va viec lam cua anh cho ta thay anh cd mot due tinh cao dep, la chju cue, chiu khd, can cu va ham lam Anh La Van Dd Ngon cd gid diia, la anh ndng dan ngheo vat va quanh nam Nhung cung nhd anh can cu cho nan tir mot than phan ngheo hen, anh trd cu phii giau sang vung,mgi ngudi kinh trgng Trudc d tu anh ngheo ddi, sau tu anh bo vo, lang thang chi may man gap hda thugng Chanh Tam giiip dd va nhd vao tinh siang nang cho nan anh da vugt qua canh ddi rach lam thang Kian cudng, Hau Hnh cung la tinh each vdn cd ciia ngudi ndng dan Nam Bd luc bay gid Cai Tuan Budi Con nha ngheo, song bang ngha lam liia la chinh, cho nan liia mua that thi anh lam mua sau chu khdng nan chi bd cudc Gap khd khan cang nhiau thi y chi cang cao, anh " lang xdng mua lua mg, mudn trdu cdy ", vol hy vong mua sau ket qua se tdt hon Tinh doan ket gan bd vdi giiip cho ngudi ndng dan trd nan manh me, vui ve va cd sue manh khdng gi danh nga ndi La Van Dd Ngon cd gid diia, than mang trgng tdi nan bi day lam khd sai Cdng viec nang nhoc nhung anh cung sue giiip ban tu dang benh khdng lam noi hay ddi rach Anh lieu than ddng nude khdng ngai song to gid ldn da cuu vdt mang sdng ciia dng gia Sau La Van Dd lan tiang banh vuc cho cd gai ngheo bi hiep dap Ly Anh Nguyet anh tha hien tinh nhan dao, long thuong ngudi va tinh doan ket, biat yau thuong cung vugt khd khan Ba Thdi Cay dang mui ddi ngheo khd nhung nhan hau cuu vdt dua tre bat hanh, nhan nudi va yau thuong nhu rudt ciia minh Ba Thdi tot bung nhung cung khdng tranh khdi nhung ldi cay nghiet, xi va ciia chdng va long ghen hdn ve sir chung thuy ciia Ba Thdi Trai qua thdi gian dai nudi day thang Dugc, Ba Thdi chiu nhiau vat va cudc sdng nhung hanh phuc nghe Thang Dugc ggi me Nhung thang xa Ba Thdi budn ba khdng yan thuong nhd lo lang, ddi theo GVHD: Nguyen Thi My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh tirng budc chan con, Ba Thdi chua tirng nghT nd la nudi ciia minh, xem nd nhu la dua rudt yau thuong bang tat ca tam long ngudi me hian tir Trgng nghTa khinh tai, thang ngay, chinh true la net dep ciia ngudi d vung dat Nam Bd Hd Biau Chanh da nhin thay dugc mat tich cue ciia ngudi dan nan xay dung nhan vat tac pham, dng td thai kinh phuc hg Ba Cam sdng hat minh cho cai nghTa ldn d ddi, dam lam tat ca de bao ve cai nghTa Ba Cam la ngudi cung cdi, Hau Hnh, gan da nhung hian ngang trudc cai xau va bgn ngudi xau Ba Cam an bd manh me, khang khai: " Qua rira nhuc cho em ma qua d tii, thi qua vui long lam, khdng hgi chi ddu ma so" Ta dian Cu Con nhd ngheo " tir nhd chi ldn em quen nghe lam rudng, lam nhu tren em Idm khdng dime Em d ngoai ddng dai nang ddm mua, thud quen rdi bdy gid lam d tii tirng chdt hep, bit hai gid em chiu khdng ndi Em mudn xin vdi anh ba cho em trd ve ddng dang kiem rudng mudn ma lam an" Anh Cu khdng tha bd cai ngha gan bd lau ddi vdi minh de lam viec nhe nhang d thj Anh Cu khdng phai la ngudi thich bon chen, anh chi thich sdng an nhan, gian dj khdng can tranh dua vdi thian lam gi Anh thich tu do, ghet rang budc chat che, ghet tu tiing Nhan vat tiau thuyat Hd Biau Chanh cdn tinh thang than, bde true, nghT gi ndi dd khdng can gao trudc ddn sau Cai long ciia hg "thang nhu rudt ngua", khdng che day hay giau giam bat cu chuyen gi Thang Mau Khoc thdm, tan sir cung ban nhirng suy nghT cua minh ve ten dja chii ddc ac VTnh Thai " Dudng gat gao ac ddc lam, khdng biet thuong het Dudng tinh viec nao thi dudng ciing mudn tinh giet nhd ngheo Phdi md hdm qua anh nghe dudng ndi chuyen vdi td tho thi anh mdi ghe Cd hai tir te, cd gap thang chdng gi bap trdm qua nhu vdy khdng biet" Thang Mau vi tinh qua thang, ndi chuyen khdng suy nghT nan tu mang hoa vao than Mau nghT sau ndi vay khdng sg mich long hay dung chain vdi Mau that tha thang Thj td Con nhd ngheo, bat binh vdi viec lam ciia cau hai NghTa nan khdng mudn im lang chd chat, Thj Td khdng chju am tham nhjn nhuc cho nan phan khang bang each vach tdi cau cho ba Cai nghe Qua ldi ndi ddng dat ciia Thj To, cho thay ThjTd la ngudi manh me thang than " Tao chir phai hay Tao so Id so ngudi phai kia, chd ngudi nhu vdy tao de so ddu Giau cd thi giau chir cd phep nao giet ngudi ta duac hay " Dan gia dinh bj dudi cung giat tan Thj Td van giu cai tinh thang than" Khdng cdn gi, d day khdng duoc thi di len Binh Phu Tdy ma d, ho gidi ho theo len md dudi duac nira, tdi mdi so" Dat Nam Bd tru phii noi nao lam an cung dugc, chd khdng hgp thi di chd khac, ngudi ndng dan khdng cam phan chat mot chd Tinh ciia hg bgc true, khang GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhan vat tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh khai nan khdng chju ldn ciii nhung cung khdng dung thii doan Khi gian thi ndi nghe cho gian chu khdng da bung ma kat oan thu, day cung la due tinh tdt ciia ngudi dan Nam Bd da dugc Hd Biau Chanh nhin thay va sue ca nggi Uy quyan cung khdng tha chen ep ngudi ta dugc bdi nau bj ddn vao dudng cung thi hg cung phan khang lai Vi ban chat vdn cd ciia hg la kian cudng, thang, anh dung, cung la vu tin cay chdng lai bgn ac ba La Van Dd, khdng sg set tha lire cua Pham Ky Anh dam dung trudc mat ma ndi ldn b4 Ong la mot dng quan bdt nhdn " Uy quyan khdng lam cho anh khiap sg ma ngugc lai lam anh manh me hon Vdi tinh bgc true thang than la mot diau tdt, nhung ddi nhan thuc kem se dan dan thiau suy nghT, thiau can than va khdng ta nhj Nhirng hau qua dian khdng cd du tinh trudc nan se da gap khd khan Du lam bat cu chuyen gi cung phai suy nghT that ki chu khdng dugc manh ddng theo cam tinh, vi nhu tha se phan tac dung ma ddi phuong khdng khiap sg Cai ban chat gdc cua ngudi ndng dan Nam Bd dugc Hd Biau Chanh nhin la hian lanh, chat phac Ong da xay dung nhan vat tiau thuyat cua minh cd long vj tha nhan ai, bao dung, hian lanh, gian dj gidng chinh xac vdi ban tinh cua ngudi dan Nam Bd da dgc gia da dang cam nhan dugc nhung ngudi Nam Bd luc bay gid Khi doc tac pham ta bat gap nhung tinh each nhu hian lanh, can cu, nhan nai, bde true thang than cua ngudi ndng dan ta se cam thay ddng cam vdi hg Ddi tha hien sir xdt thuong nhung ngudi hian lanh dan ngo, khd dai Dudi ngdi but cua Hd Biau Chanh ta thay dugc tat ca tinh each nhd nhang rdm ddi ciia bgn ngudi xau xa xa hdi Hd Biau Chanh td khdng tan nhung viec lam trai dao ciia bgn ngudi ddc ac va ca nggi nhung ngudi cd due tinh tdt Nhin chung mdi nhan vat tac pham ciia Hd Biau Chanh dau mang mot ca tinh khac nhau, phu hop vdi tirng nhan vat mot hoan canh ndi dung nhat djnh Mdi cai cu xu, mdi suy nghT, mdi tinh each ciia tirng loai nhan vat ludn ludn tha hien mot quan niem mot tu tudng ma tac gia mudn da cap dan Qua each miau ta tinh each nhan vat, ta thay Hd Biau Chanh quan tam dan cudc sdng ddi thudng ciia ngudi dan la chii yau, tir dd phat hien tirng ve dep ciia hg Hd Biau Chanh tha hien sir yau thuong cam thdng nhung rung ddng trudc nhung sd phan bat hanh Ong tran va kinh na hg ca nggi nhung due tinh ciia hg va cung truyan tai quan niem tir thuc ta ddi thudng ma nhirng ngudi ndng dan tirng trai nghiem GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh 3.2 NGHE THUAT MIEU TA NHAN VAT THONG QUA NGON NGU, HANH DONG 3.2.1 Nghe thuat mieu ta nhan vat qua ngon ngu' Ngdn ngu la mot nhung yau td dau va cung la loai vu co ban ciia nha van Mdi mot nha van dau phai tao cho minh mot he thdng va mot phong each ngdn ngu riang Hg can phai trai qua qua trinh tap luyen lau dai, trai qua nhiau vat va mdi cd tha lam chu dugc cac phuong tien biau hien bang ngdn ngu Ddng thdi phai tich luy vdn chir da dang, phong phii, sinh ddng va giau sue biau hien, " vdn chir cua nha viet tieu thuyet phuc thudc vao vdn sdng va trinh dp van hda Hanh ly tir ngir ciia nhd van ddn ddn duac bd sung tir nhieu ngudn khac " [3, tr.320] Ngdn ngu ciia nhan vat bao gdm ldi ddi thoai tha hien quan niem ung xir ciia nhan vat vdi ngudi khac, ldi ddc thoai tha hien nhung tam li riang tu ma nhan vat khdng mudn hoac chua tha bde Id Ngdn ngu cua nhan vat tiau thuyat Hd Biau Chanh hdi du khia canh cua ngdn ngu tiau thuyat Dat biet ngdn ngu cua nhan vat tac pham ciia dng gan chat vdi net dac thu cua giai cap: Ngdn ngu binh dan, la loai ngdn ngu gan han vdi ddi sdng thudng ciia nhirng ngudi binh dan Nd mang tinh gian dj, chat phac, ddng thdi tha hien rd tirng tinh each cua nhan vat cung nhung quan niem ciia tac gia Ldi nhan vat Cu Con nhd ngheo chap nhan Thj Luu lam vg ciia minh " Con ciia cd la cua tdi Ngudi ta bd tdi nudi, thang nhd khdng cd cha, tdi lanh tdi lam cha" hay "He minh keu no bang thi minh phdi thuong yeu nudi dudng nd het long He nd goi minh bang cha thi minh phdi an d cho ximg phdn lam cha" Anh Cu la ngudi that tha, hian lanh tdt bung, nhan hau, bao dung Anh san sang cuu vdt cudc ddi ciia mot cd gai dang bj ddi cha dap Ba Cam khdng phai thudc dang hang nhung hoan canh da day cho Ba Cam each sdng manh me, dam chdng lai nhung cai xau de danh quyan lgi cho minh Ba Cam xuat than nha ngheo nhung sdng biat chuyen gi nan lam, nan ndi va chuyen gi khdng nan Khi hiau rd chuyen ciia em minh, anh di tim Hai NghTa ma ndi phai ndi quay cho cau hiau " Dirng, cau khdng nen ndi nhu vdy Cau phai xet luong tdm ciia cau Cau la nha sang trong, cau vi tinh due ma lam cho mot diia gai phdi mat trinh that tiet, cau khdng an nan chut nao hay sao?( ) Cau phdi tinh la chd dirng choi nhu vdy, bay lam " Ba Cam sdng biat phan biet diing sai, nhan nghTa, anh biat xem trgng dao li d ddi Ba Cam khdng sg uy quyan tha lire ciia bgn nha giau GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh Ngoai Hd Biau Chanh cdn miau ta tinh each nhan vat thdng qua ngdn ngu ddi thoai Day la nhung ldi ddi thoai ciia Thj Luu vdi Tran Van Suu Cha nghia ndng: " 77?/ Luu di choi ve, budc vd budng thdy chdng nam vdi thi hdi rang: - lam gidng gi vd nam sdm sdm do? Thang nhd khoc ta vd ta dd nd chd Di ddu dir vdy? Di ddu hdi lam chi? Khdng cho di choi bdi gi het sao? Ta hdi cho biet vdy md Tao khdng mudn may hdi Di ngoai Vd nam tren goi ta rdi lam dinh md hdi, hdi rinh ma chiu cho duoc Kheo ndi hdn! Tudng ta la trdu chd gi day hay nen hdi - Khdng phdi trdu chd, ma cdi hdi ky cue lam, khdng chiu duac " Hay la doan ddi thoai Tran Van Suu ndi chuyen vdi vg ve nhung gi minh nghe dugc tu hang xdm rdi Thj Luu choi bd: " Md thang nao ndi vdi may may phdi ndi ten nd cho tao biet, ddng tao den nhd nd tao ddo ndt dng ndt cha nd cho nd biet mat tao Tao lay Huang hao Hdi hdi nao, tao cd tao dem len ban tha cha nd tao lay hay nen nd thdy ma nd ddm ndi nhu vdy hu? thang nao ndi xau tao , may phdi chi ten nd cho mau " Qua ldi ddi thoai cua hai vg chdng Thj Luu ta thay thj la mot ngudi phu nu danh da, chua ngoa, thd Id, du, lai dam d Cdn Tran Van Suu hian lanh, thiet tha, cd phan xem trgng vg O tiau thuyat No ddi, nha van miau ta ngdn ngu ciia Phuc - mot cd gai it hgc dat long tin vao mot tan sd khanh, vd Id cd rat phan nd Qua cam gian, cd ggi chang tinh lang bang mot cai tan cd y nghTa djnh danh rat tdi te each su dung ngdn ngu quan chiing da chi mot hang ngudi cd tu each hen ha: " Chi ndi nd la thdng diem thiii, thiet qua rdi chi ail" Chinh tam li bj tdn thuong tinh yau vi mot ke sd khanh, gian manh nan Phuc ggi han la thang "diem thiii" Cach thoa ma nhan tinh bac beo cung bao hieu cho khiic ngoat dau ddn ciia Phuc sau Ban canh ngdn ngu binh dan ta cdn thay ngdn ngu ciia tang ldp thugng luu trung luu Hdi Ddng Chanh Khoc thdm la ngudi biat lo cho ddi nhan nghTa, ldi ndi ludn la nhung diau hay le phai " thud ba thuong nha ngheo lam, giet nhd ngheo dang md lam giau, ba khdng the lam duac Con ta dien cua minh, thi minh phai de ddt cho ngudi ta d, bay ddt thdu tien ddt ngudi ta chi vdyl" Hdi Ddng Chanh cd long nhan bao la, yau thuong nha ngheo biat nghT dan ddng bao ddng loai: " theo le tir nhien ke khdn thi phdi thuong ke dgy, ke giau phdi giiip ngudi ngheo chd Neu khdng thuong, khdng giiip thi goi la nghia ddng bao, ddng loai cho duoc Ma budc lay va thdu thd cu cung chua ac cho lam Con bay dat dao md cudc md dem chdn chd khac, bang khdng thi phdi ddng GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh cho mdi cdi md mdi nam mot ddng bgc, cdi bay qua Ngudi ta hdn la tgi cdi da Gdt gao chi Idm vdy hir ?" Cach ndi Hdi Ddng Chanh mudn nhan manh ngudi phai biat yau thuong nhau, biat giiip lan nhau, chd khdng nan cha dap Thu Ha Khoc thdm giau sang nhung sdng gian dj yau thuong nha ngheo " Chii Phd ly ngheo gdn chet, lam rat tdi nghiep chu, nd lam cho duac" Thu Ha la ngudi rdng lugngng, bao dung, khinh cai xau, xem thudng nhirng ddc ac, tham lam, gian tra " khdng cdn thi thdi, chd thii' gid ddi ninh hoty the hiep cd, bieu ua cho duac " Huong su Thien Cudi guang la ngudi giau cd nhung sdng nhan due, biat yau thuong nha ngheo, cam ghet thdi xau ciia nhung ka ham tian Huong su Thien cd long nhan bao la, biat vj tha de cung tim dan hanh phuc Khi biat anh chj minh ham giau phu khd thi td ve oan trach " mdy me chi cd deu la ngudi khdng cd luong tdm Con anh cd ciia tdi dnh yeu dt qua, d nha khdng ddm quyet doan chuyen gi het Nha cd tien, ma chau it, le thi phdi lay nhan dire ma d ddi chd sau lai ham giau ma lam chuyen bdt nghia, " Ba cai Hiau Con nha ngheo y quyan tha, tian cua ldn nan xem nha ngheo khdng gi Ha lam phat y ba thi phai chju triing trj, tu tdi, " Dd phdn, tdi lam chi nua do! Thud nhd cd cam md an, cd chd ma d, rdi bay gid trd mat ddm dat dieu ndi xdu ndi hd cho tao hir Qudn bay la qudn trdu chd, di cho man, bang khdng tao bieu bdy tre vdc cdy nd dap bdy gid" Ba cai la ngudi ddc ac, khdng ndi li chi biat uy hiep, ham dga cho gian ciia minh, cha dap ngudi khac de tdn tai Khi dung chuyen cd lien quan dan lgi ich thi ba Id ban chat du, hiep dap ngudi: " tao bieu nd lay rudng lgi md cho ngudi khac mudn, rdi khdng cd cam an thi chiu da" Ba khdng quan tam lo lang cho ta dian; mgi cau ma ba hdi, ba ndi chi phuc vu lgi ich chinh ban than VTnh Thai Khoc thdm, ddc ac, tham lam dam d VTnh Thai sdng bat nhan bat nghTa, lai tan bao Anh san sang dung moi thii doan da dat dugc muc dich minh mudn VTnh Thai khdng chju nhin nhan ldi ciia minh chi thich dugc khen, cho nan nghe thang Mau ndi khuyat diam ciia minh thi ndi gian VTnh Thai danh dap thang Mau rat da man, lai cdn ham dga tu tdi " De rdi may coi tao Tao khdng hai may duac thi tao khdng phai la ngudi, ndi cho may biet" VTnh Thai la mgt ngudi cd hgc thuc nhung lai biau hien la mot ngudi that hgc: " Doc ma lam gi! Chd chi doc bao rdi khdn ngoan khdi hoc, doc bao rdi giau cd khdi lam, doc bao rdi rung ram hda luang dien, doc bdo rdi tiem ciia khdeh trii hda tiem ciia ngudi Viet duac het thi tdi mua lien, chang cdn gi dai dng den nha ma mdi" Dang le ra, VTnh Thai phai nhan thuc dugc tac dung cua viec tuyan truyan va mua "nhut trinh GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh qudc ddn " Dang nay, han lai dua dii mgi li da tir choi Han cho rang "'doc lam gi?", chang cd ich lgi gi Dgc khdng tha giiip cho han "khdn ngoan", "rung ram" khdng hda "luong dien", "tiem ciia khdch trii" khdng hda "tiem ciia ngudi Viet VTnh Thai mieng thi ludn ndi khai hda, giiip dan, giiip nude nhung d doan ddi thoai tran thi hoan toan ngugc lai Han khdng xung dang la mot ngudi tan hgc Do thj Tien bgc bgc tien, vi quyan lire ciia ddng tian chi phdi qua manh nan Dd thj bj mu ca hai mat Dd Thj ham danh lgi, nan khdng tir mot thu doan nao da cd dugc muc dich ma minh mong mudn Dd Thj dung hdn nhan cua gai minh da tim lgi cho ban than: " Chi ndi vdy chd ddi bdy gid ldn nghe gi cho bang Hdi ddng; Ai ciing mudn lam Huyen hdm, Phu hdm minh di lo diim, kiem it nao cung nam bdy ngdn, mudn kiem sung minh di ndi diim, kiem mgt lam cung nam sau trdm; Phii huyen ma mdy thdy mudn len chire hoac ddi di chd tot, minh giiip ldi tu nhien ho phdi den an; chd nao cd cir Cai tdng minh xia vd ngon han nira Da vdy minh cung cd the khdn rudng ddt khdi tdn tien, lgi he minh biet cdch lam cho quan tren vira long, minh duac me dai nira, khdng khodi hay sao? " Tran Van Phong tac pham Thdy thdng ngdn, say ma giau sang, chay theo danh vgng, ngd thay giau sang thi khdng phan biet dugc diing sai " Minh la re cua dng cai Tdng hgng nhirt, giau ldn den ndi tinh long Xuyen va tinh Tdn An khdng bi kip, lgi minh la chau re ciia dng Hdi ddng Qudn hgt sang vd ciing, vo minh da biet ndi tieng Tdy lgi deo hot xoan ciing ldn so hang Phii, Huyen ciing chua cd hot xoan ldn nhu vdy, neu cudi va duoc chd thi phi nguyen rdi, chang cdn ma udc chuyen gi nira" Thay thdng Phong chi biat muu cau danh lgi, mudn oai vdi thian ha, tham phii phu ban, xem danh nghTa khdng trgng bang xem tian, tham lam, tinh toan ca tinh yau va hdn nhan ciia chinh minh: "Bay gid coi lgi thi cd que miia! Minh lam thdng ngdn ma cd vo nhu vdy coi duac, tgi lang minh ho ngheo het thdy nen thdy cha me cd cd it mau ddt ho keu la nhd giau, chd cd giau gi ddu ( ) Bay gid ciing keu minh bang thdy thdng md di dudng thien hg khdng biet minh nen ho khdng kinh cho mdy, chirng di tdi Cd - Mau, minh dirng thdng ngdn, lang tdng deu phdi bam dg het thdy mdi sang nira" Khi thi dd thdng ngdn Van Phong quay lai khinh ngudi gai ma Thay da tha hen Sau Ly Thdy thdng Phong la ngudi cd sac nhung tinh tinh gian xao, lgi dung nhung ma sac ciia minh da kiam lgi Khi biat thay thdng Phong khdng dugc phep cudi minh thi trd mat nhanh chdng " Dd khdn ngn! Trd khan vdi tho cho mdy Di ddu thi di cho mau Diing ngdi nira Thir vdy md ciing xung la thdy thdng! Thdnggi! Thdng khoan " GVHD: Nguyen Thi My Nhung 48 SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh Bang nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat thdng qua ngdn ngu, Hd Biau Chanh da dung ngdn ngu phu hgp de tha hien tinh each mgt each chan that, vdn cd cua tirng nhan vat Ban canh dd, qua viec khac hga ngdn ngu, tac gia da giiip cho ngudi dgc cd tha nhd va nam bat nhan vat mgt each da dang hon 3.2.2 Nghe thuat mieu ta nhan vat qua hanh dong Ngoai viec miau ta nhan vay thdng qua dac diam ngoai hinh, tinh each, tan ggi, ngdn ngu tac pham cua minh, Hd Biau Chanh cdn dac biet qua tam dan viec miau ta nhan vat thdng qua hanh ddng Hanh ddng lam ndi bac tinh each ciia tirng loai nhan vat mot each chinh xac, sau sac Nhan vat mang ban chat xau hanh ddng la nhung viec lam xau, gian tra, dam d, pha hoai nan dao due truyan thdng Va ngugc lai nhan vat cd tinh tdt ludn lam viec tdt, sdng nhan nghTa biat yau thuong nha ngheo Vg chdng Thai Hda Chi dao chi ly la nhirng ngudi tdt Anh Thai lam viec an luong d sd Ba Son nhung cudc sdng gia dinh khdng dii no am Hai vg chdng la ngudi cd tam long nhan dao, that tha Hanh ddng nhan nudi Ly la mot viec lam tdt, cuu vdt sd phan bat hanh ciia mot dua tre Lai la ngudi cd dc lam an dung tian mua ban da de tian, chu khdng phai thay tian ma sang mat du dang khd khan Nudi day cho Ly mot ngudi tdt cho an hgc va dac biet yau thuong nhu rudt cua minh Hai vg chdng la ngudi cd trach nhiem cao thg on thi biat bao dap Bay Thanh Nhirng dieu nghe thdy lay long vj tha ma xda bd tat ca, khuyan nhan lai ddng hg cho thay cd la mgt ngudi me hian tir, nhan hau, bao dung Bay Thanh dung nhirng hanh ddng ciia minh da noi theo la mot diau dang quy La Van Dd Ngon cd gid dim cung la mot nhan vat hiep nghTa, giau long bac Khi trd ngudi giau cd La Van Dd ludn lam viec thien giiip ngudi ngheo: md trudng hgc lap nha dudng benh, nha nudi tre md cdi va nhirng ngudi gia yau tat nguyan, Van Dd cdn thii tdi da minh oan cho mot tan an cap vat bj tinh nghi la tan vugt nguc nam xua Anh cdn hat long, hat sue ciru giiip Anh Nguyet nudi day Thu Van nan ngudi va tim cho cd mot ngudi chdng tdt Sudt cudc ddi minh, La Van Dd ludn lam nhung viec tdt cd ich cho xa hdi (3 tiau thuyat Ai lam duac, phii dng Bach Khiau Nhan mang pham chat cua mot ngudi hian lanh, tdt bung Khiau Nhan khdng oan han ngudi da giat gai dng Ong hat muc yau thuong va che chd cho Bach Tuyat, giiip vg chdng cd thoat khdi nhung khd khan cudc sdng GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh Ba Thdi Cay dang mui ddi, nhan nudi dua be cho thay chj la ngudi phu nu cd long nhan bao la, biat yau thuong dua tra bat hanh Ba Thdi dung tinh thuong ngudi ma tay nghTa hiep, cham sdc nudi day dua be nhu chinh rudt cua minh Thu Ha Khoc thdm, len chdng giiip nhirng nha ngheo gap khd khan Thu Ha vi mot phan na chdng mudn trdn phan vg nhung vi cai long thuong ngudi, sdng nhan hau nan cd phai che dau viec lam ciia minh Day la viec lam ven ca ddi dudng khdng mich long chdng va cung giiip nha ngheo dugc Ban canh nhung ngudi cd hanh ddng tdt cdn cd nhung ngudi ddc ac chi vi mudn cd lgi cho ban than Danh lgi lam cho Vd Van Dat Dgi nghia diet than ban dung ddng ddi, ban dung danh du, ban nude, dau Tay han chinh la mot tan hen Dat mudn lap cdng da dugc thang chuc nan khdng tir bat cu mot thu doan nao Hanh ddng dan quan djch di bat ngudi cam dau cua nghTa binh, chi cd tan ban nude hen nhat mdi cd tha lam dugc Trong tac pham cua minh, Hd Biau Chanh cdn da cap dan hanh ddng hiep, ap buc, bde lot ngudi ngheo ciia tang ldp dja chu Tiau biau la hanh ddng ciia tan ac ba VTnh Thai tiau thuyat Khoc thdm Ddi vdi nhung ngudi ngheo, ke an ngudi d nha thi han cat rat tirng ddng, tirng cat Ddi vdi ta dian thi han bde lot hg dan tan xuong Khi cd ngudi ndi xau thi han danh dap, vu oan cho hg d tu VTnh Thai hien lan la mgt ngudi ich ki, tham lam, ddc ac, khdng cd long thuong ddi vdi nhirng ngudi ngheo khd co han O tiau thuyat Con nha ngheo, tac gia da miau ta hanh ddng ciia cau Hai NghTa " thuc ngua di thdng" nghe Cai tuan Budi ndi Tu Luu da sanh, cau khdng them quan tam, de y dan Cau vd tinh trudc nhung hanh ddng cua me va vg nham ham hai gia dinh Cai tuan Budi ma cau cdn nghe ldi ciia hg lay lai rudng cua Cai tuan Budi Cau diing la mot ngudi vd trach nhiem, nhu nhugc Vdn la mgt ngudi gian ngoa, quy quyet, Tran Tan Than Chua tau Kim Quy da tim each ham hai, lam cho Thii NghTa phai ngdi tu Giai cap dja chii la tang ldp tran ciia xa hdi, hg chang nhung khdng thuong ma cdn tim each bde lot mot each tan bao ddi vdi nhung ngudi ngheo Bde lot khdng dugc thi chiing tim each vu oan, ham hai Dudi ngdi but ciia minh, Hd Biau Chanh da phac hga dugc toan bd ban chat tan bao ciia giai cap dja chii thdng qua hanh ddng ciia chiing Qua do, nha van cung lan an, pha phan tang ldp tran Ngoai cdn cd nhirng hanh ddng cua nhan vat nhu di sai dudng vi nhung bian cd xa hdi hay nhung tac ddng cua ngoai canh Ly Thj Dang Ddy Oan vi mudn thoa man cai tinh, lam trdn cau tha ma da am muu giat chdng Tuy dd la viec lam cudng tri bdi chu tinh chi phdi qua manh Nhung day la mot viec lam sai, GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh trai dao Thj Dang cd chdng ma cdn lay trai, hanh ddng lam bang hoai dao due dang bj trung phat Thj Dang cang liin sau vao dudng tdi ldi, hanh ddng la thiau nhan thuc chi biat lam theo cam tinh cho nan dan tir sai lam dan sai lam khac Hanh ddng cao dau di tu mudn ndi cd biat sai nan tim each sua Hanh ddng tu van chat la each chay trdn tdi ldi cua minh Hanh ddng viat thu tu hdn bd xu di cua Chau Tat Dat chirng td anh biat ldi va nhan ldi Anh cam thay hd then trudc tam long cao thugng, viat thu tir hdn vi hdn nhan luc dau la am muu vi then nan khdng tha tiap tuc lira gat nua Im lang di vi trudc mao danh Bac vat phai quyat tam hgc cho dugc cai bang Bac vat ay de chudt ldi lam ciia minh trudc Phung Ngudi that chi tay giat ba Lgi, mgt phu nua giau sang nhung ddc ac la mudn cudp giau giiip ngheo Chia sd tai san cudp dugc nhiau phan chu khdng lay cho ban than anh cd tam long tdt nhung hanh ddng da sai lam Giat ngudi la cai tdi nang, phung nhan cho nan cd gang sua ldi cua minh bang each di tim noi tjnh ma hdi cai Cd Ciic Hai khdi tinh, Xu nhan minh la ke giat ngudi minh vd tdi day la viec lam bat thudng Cd quyat tam lam vay cung chi vi luc chan thdi ddi den bac, that tinh that chi cho nan mdi suy nghT sai lam cu nghT nhan tdi giat ngudi se dugc chat cho khdng cdn dau khd Cd da cd mot hanh ddng sai lam va biat quay lai tir dau tim lai hanh phuc vdn cd cua minh Hanh ddng giat ngudi ciia Huong hao Diau Khoc thdm, la mudn bao ve dao due truyan thdng lau ddi, tiau diet nhung thdi xau xa nhung cung chinh vi anh chi la ngudi khdng dugc an hgc nhiau nan cd phan ndng tinh Anh chi hanh ddng theo ban nang vdn cd cua mot ngudi chdng bj phan bdi, anh thiau suy nghT Nhung hanh ddng cung truyan tai dugc quan niem ciia tac gia lam ac gap ac Trudng Xuan Tinh mong, lay em gai minh lam loan luan, trai dao Trudng Xuan chinh la ngudi xau xa hdi cho nan can phai loai tru, chi mdi hanh ddng pha hoai trinh tiat ciia mot ngudi gai mdi ldn la khdng tha chap nhan tan dam d, xau xa Nhung hanh ddng phan khang nham mudn bao ve le phai bao ve dao due truyan thdng va ddi lai cdng bang cho nhung ngudi bj ham hai nhu: Thu nghTa Chiia tau Kim Quy, danh Tan Than gay tay la hanh ddng chdng ddi quyat Het hang nhung minh bach, nham da trung trj tan nha giau dam d, hao sac Ba Cam Con nhd ngheo, vach mat hai NghTa la thay trdi hanh dao Ba Cam trung trj bgn xau de ngira tai nan cho ddi, nhat la nhirng cd gai ngheo Hanh ddng vi tinh vi nghTa nan khdng sg ma lai vui Ba Cam dung cam dung lan chdng thdi xau, chdng bgn ac ba, ddi cdng bang va quyan lgi cho nha ngheo Ciic Huong GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh To hdng wrong vdn, tu van chat de bao ve ldi tha, bao ve tiat trinh ciia mgt ngudi gai Chgn hiiy than da giira dao, day la hanh ddng thiau suy nghT nhung cung la dang khen cho ngudi chung tinh nhu Ciic Huong Hanh ddng chgn dudng di ciia anh Thuan Dogn tinh, la hanh ddng da trai qua dau khd, giang xe giira li tri va tinh cam Ra di gi anh da thau hiau luan li xa hdi, da khdng phai vudn lay sai lam Anh Thuan cd y thuc cao, va dd cung la each chay trdn lua tinh dang bung chay Sau mot thdi gian nhin nhan thay minh da sai, quay trd ve xay dung lai gia dinh.Thuan da dung cam ddi mat vdi sir that chju trach nhiem vdi gia dinh Anh biat nhan ldi va kjp thdi sua ldi la viec lam rat can thiet Thuan chinh la mot ngudi chdng tdt La Hian Vinh Chutphdn linh dinh quyat djnh sang Tay hgc vi mudn tra hiau cho cha, chudc lai ldi trudc La Hian Vinh la ngudi cd chi, cd tinh, cd nghTa Hian Vinh di quyat chi nang cao kian thuc, lam vua long cha la viec lam diing vdi ngudi cd hiau Hian Vinh la tri thuc tra nan hanh ddng cua anh dugc tac gia xay dung theo kiau nhan vat each tan, phu hgp vdi ldi sdng mdi cua thdi dai Chang nhung khdng cha bay ma Ky Tam Tinh mong cdn bang long lam ngudi ndm cho Yan Tuyat Ky Tam lam viec khdng phai anh ham danh lgi, tian bac, ma vi anh thay ddi nhung ka giau sang lam nhiau diau tdi bai, vai tian bac ma che mat thian ha, cay tha ma bjt mieng tha gian Ky Tam la mot ngudi giau long hiep nghTa, cd nhan each cao thugng Ly Nhu Thach Tai tdi, dan vg tir Bac Viet ve mat gia dinh de chudt ldi vugt quyan cha me, tu quyat djnh hdn nhan Anh biat sai va tu nhan, that tha khdng dau, hanh ddng dang dugc tha thu va chap nhan bdi anh lira vg diing dan, cd an hgc Anh da chgn cho minh cd vg hian, sudt ddi khdng lam chuyen gi quay vdi luong tam Qua hanh ddng lam cho ta thay mdi loai nhan vat cd nhung tam tu tinh cam, cd nhirng suy nghT tinh each hoan toan khac lam cho nhirng dac diam ve nhan vat trd nan sinh ddng, hap dan hon Ddi nhung y tudng tham mT nhirng quan niem dao due ma tac gia mudn truyan tai suy nghT ciia nhan vat se lam cho nd kem phan ddc dao, cu tha chi nd dugc bgc Id ban ngoai thdng qua cac hanh ddng true tiap hay gian tiap theo tung hoan canh ta mdi thay dugc tam quan trgng ciia nd Cho nan ldi ndi va hanh ddng phai ludn tdn tai song song vdi nhu tha se dat kat qua nhu y mudn GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh KET LUAN • Qua qua trinh nghian cuu tha gidi nhan vat tiau thuyat Hd Biau Chanh, ta thay dugc buc tranh ddi sdng xa hdi Nam Bd luc bay gid Hd Biau Chanh xay dung nhan vat ciia minh vdi nhiau khia canh khac nhau, dua vao cudc sdng thuc ta va tam quan sat rdng, cu tha tir nhung thang tram, nhung bian ddng ciia xa hdi Tir gdc nhin vao tang ldp xa hdi, Hd Biau Chanh xay dung cdng cac nhan vat trai dai tang ldp tiau biau cua xa hdi nhu: tang ldp thugng luu, giau sang sung sudng nhung mdi mot nhan vat vao mot hoan canh cu tha ma tha hien quan niem sdng cua minh Hg la nhung ngudi dugc xap vao tang ldp cao nhat xa hdi, chiam nhiau uu tha hon so vdi cac tang ldp khac Nhung ngudi dugc xap vao tang ldp bao gdm: quan phii, quan huyen, cai tdng, phii hao giau cd, hg cd mat d ndng thdn va thj Tang ldp trung luu xuat than gia dinh kha gia, gia dinh cd diau kien, cudc sdng am no Tang ldp gdm nhung ngudi cd chuc sac lang, vian true, tri thuc, cd mat d ndng thdn va thj Tang ldp trung luu chiam vj tha thu hai, sau tang ldp thugng luu ve quyan hanh, uy tha va vat chat, Cach sdng va nhirng quan niem ve dao due cua hg cung thudc vao tirng loai ngudi tang ldp Nhirng ngudi thudc vao tang ldp trung luu dai da sd thudc dang ngudi xau, lgi dung chuc quyan ep ngudi ngheo, njnh ngudi tran de thu lgi cho ban than Tang ldp chiam vj tri thap nhat xa hdi luc bay gid la tang ldp binh dan Hg bj bde lot nang na, bj ddn ep vao dudng cung Cudc sdng ciia hg khdng dn djnh ludn bian ddng theo nhung budc thang tram ciia sd phan va nhirng bian ddng xa hdi Nhung ngudi binh dan hg sdng bang nhiau ngha khac nhu: ndng dan, cdng nhan, thg thuyan, lam thua, mua ban, nhung du sdng bang ngha nao hg cung la nhung ngudi khdng dugc bao ve quyan lgi vdn cd xa hdi Hd Biau Chanh dac biet quan tam dan tang ldp binh dan, dng tha hien nhiau ddng cam, tran trgng ciia minh vdi hg Ca tang ldp dau cd diam chung la cd mat ca ndng thdn va thj, la phuong tien phan anh thuc trang xa hdi ma tac gia da cap tac pham Tu phuong dien tha hien tu tudng li tudng xa hdi, Hd Biau Chanh xay dung nhan vat theo gdc nhin tinh chat, tha loai bao gdm: nhan vat chinh dien, nhan vat phan dien, tha hda, nhan vat trung gian Nhan vat chinh dien, dai dien cho nhung quan niem dao due, nhung li tudng tham mT, Nhan vat chinh dien la nhung ngudi tdt ddng vai trd chinh tac pham hg cd nghj lire vugt qua sd phan, cd long thuong ngudi bao la Hay nhung GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhan vdt tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh nhan vat phu ddng vai trd la cuu tinh cho nhirng ngudi khdn khd, bao ve quyan lgi, bao ve dao due truyan thdng, sue tieu trir xau xa xa hdi Nhan vat phan dien, tha hda thi ngugc lai so vdi nhan vat chinh dien Hd Biau Chanh lan an, pha phan, td cao manh me nhung ngudi nham de cao nhirng gi cao dep nhat Thdng qua ta thay dugc quan niem cai xau thi bj diet trir, cai dep thi gin giu va phat huy Nhan vat trung gian la nhirng ngudi cd nhirng quyat djnh sai lam nhung sau mot thdi gian dai tam tdi hg nhan ldi va cd gang sua ldi cua minh Ban chat vdn cd cua hg cd tha khdng xau nhung nhan thuc sai hoac tac ddng ciia hoan canh nan mdi di sai dudng Tac gia dung each chap nhan tha thu nham khuyan khich va kau ggi sir thuc tinh nhung da nham dudng de trd lai, bat dau cudc sdng mdi, tim cho minh mot hanh phuc trgn ven Nhin chung tha gidi nhan vat tiau thuyat Hd Biau Chanh chiam sd lugng phong phii, da dang Mdi nhan vat cd mdi hoan canh, quan niem sdng khac thudc vao tirng giai cap, loai ngudi Hd Biau Chanh xay dung nhan vat theo hai phe ddi lap nhau, mot ban dai dien cho cai thien va mot ban dai dien cho cai ac Tac gia mudn truyan tai nhung quan niem dao due, each sdng, li tudng tham mT cua minh thdng qua nhan vat Tha gidi nhan vat cung chinh la buc tranh sinh ddng ciia xa hdi thu nhd, nd ndi lan toan bd hien thuc, phan anh thuc tai xa hdi luc bay gid Nhan vat chiam vj tri trung tam, quan trgng khdng tha thiau vi dd cung la phuong tien ciia tac gia dung de giiip cho dgc gia cd mdi quan he vdi nhan vat da nhan vat truyan tai nhirng thdng tin quan trgng ciia tac pham cho dgc gia Vdi tai xay dung nhan vat cdng thdng qua each miau ta ngoai hinh, tinh each, tan ggi, ngdn ngu, hanh ddng da lam cho tac pham cua Hd Biau Chanh trd nan sinh ddng, gan gui va hap dan Tung quan niem, tinh each, hinh anh dau ggi lan gan gui cho ta cam giac dang tiap xiic vdi ngudi Nam Bd va sdng xa hdi luc bay gid Nhan vat lam ta hda than vao tirng nhan vat da ndi lan cam xiic, suy nghT ciia minh Xay dung cdng tha gidi nhan vat la mot ddng gdp to ldn sir nghiep van chuong ciia Hd Biau Chanh bdi nhan vat rat thuc va rat sinh ddng, dd cung la dai dien chinh xac nhat cho ngudi Nam Bd bay gid Hd Biau Chanh da phan anh tat ca hien thuc xa hdi, ca nggi ngudi Nam Bd, dng tha hien nhung cam xiic tinh cam ciia minh Ddng thdi ban canh rao giang dao li, sir tran trgng va y chi quyat tam thay ddi each nhin ve ngudi, cudc sdng cua tac gia Hd Biau Chanh la ngudi tian phong viec ddi mdi, dua tiau thuyat Viet Nam budc vao thdi ky hien dai Cung chinh vi tha ma tac pham cua Hd Biau Chanh dugc ddn nhan rdng va cd sue ban vung long dgc gia GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh The gidi nhdn vdt tieu thuyet Hd Bieu Chanh TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyan Van Ai ( 1994), Tir dien phuong ngir nam Bd, Nxb Tp Hd Chi Minh Nguyan Kim Anh ( 2004), Tieu thuyet Nam Bd cudi the ki XIX ddu the ki XX, Nxb Dai hgc Qudc Gia, phd Hd Chi Minh Phan Cu De ( 1978), Tieu thuyet Viet nam hien dgi, tap 2, Nxb DH & THCN, HN Phan Cur De ( 2004), Van hoc Viet Nam the kiXX, Nxb Giao Due Ha Minh Due (1997), Ly ludn van hoc, Nxb Giao Due La Ba Han- Tran Dinh Su- Nguyan Khac Phi ( 2010), Tir Dien thuat ngir Van hoc, Nxb Giao Due Viet Nam Nguyan Khua (1998, Chdn dung Hd Bieu Chanh, Nxb phd Hd Chi Minh Phuong Luu ( 1997), Li ludn van hoc, Nxb Giao Due Nhiau tac gia (2006), Hd Bieu Chanh ngudi md dudng cho tieu thuyet Viet Nam hien dgi, Nxb Van Nghe 10 Nhiau tac gia (1983), Tir dien van hoc, tap I, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hdi, Ha Ndi 11 Vu Nggc Phan ( 1989), Nha van Viet Nam hien dgi, tap 1, Nxb KHXH 12 Huynh Thj Lan Phuong ( 2008), Giao trinh van hoc Viet Nam hien dgi 1, khoa su pham Dai hgc Can Tho, Can Tho 13 Cu Dinh Tii ( 2001), Phong each hoc vd ddc diem tu tir tieng viet, Nxb Giao Due 14 Nguyan Q Thang ( 2007), van hoc Viet Nam noi mien ddt mdi, tap /, Nxb Van hgc 15 Nguyan Q Thang ( 1998), Tien trinh van nghe Mien Nam, Nxb Bd van hda.TT 16 La Nggc Thuy (1999), Ludn dn tien si ddng gdp ciia van hoc qudc ngir d Nam Bd cudi the ki XIX ddu the ki XX vao tien trinh hien dgi hda van hoc Viet Nam, trudng Dai hoc su pham Thanh Phd Hd Chi Minh, Thanh Phd Hd Chi Minh DfilHOCVOTRtfONGTOfiN GVHD: Nguyen Thj My Nhung SVTH: Ngo Dieu Thanh
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