Khóa luận tốt nghiệp văn học nghệ thuật xây dựng nhân vật trong vang bóng một thời của nguyễn tuân

TRlTOfNG DAI HQC VO TRUING TOAN KHOA KHOA HOC CO BAN KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP CHUYEN NGANH VAN HQC NGHE THUAT XAY DlTNG NHAN VAT • • • • TRONG "VANG BONG MOT THOT' CUA NGUYEN TUAN Giang vien hirotig dan: Sinh vien thu*c hifn: TRAN VAN MINH TRAN THI MY TRANG Hau Giang, thdng 06 nam 2012 LOI CAM TA Nhung thang qua tren ghe nha truong da de lai cho nguoi viet bao ki niem than thuong cung thay, co va ban be Sap roi xa mai truong, sap chia tay ban be de buoc vao doi Hoa cung khong tat bat nhung cuoi cung duoc ngoi tren ghe nha truong, nguoi viet that sir vui mung thuc hien khoa luan tot nghiep cua minh Nguoi viet xin chan goi lai cam ta den: Truoc tien, nguoi viet xin chan cam ta den Ban giam hieu truong Dai hoc V6 Truong Toan, cung Khoa khoa hoc co ban va cac thay co khoa ngu van da tao dieu kien cho nguoi viet hoan khoa luan tot nghiep cua minh Tiep theo, nguoi viet xin cam ta gia dinh va ban be la dong lire rat Ion giup nguoi viet hoan tot khoa luan Dae biet nguoi viet xin chan cam ta thay Tran Van Minh, da tan tinh chi bao, huong dan nguoi viet hoan tot khoa luan cua minh Xin cho nguoi viet goi lai chuc den thay luon doi dao sue khoe, hanh phuc ben gia dinh, luon cong sir nghiep Vi day la Ian dau tien nguoi viet lam khoa luan tot nghiep, qua trinh thuc hien co nhieu sai sot va khuyet diem Kinh mong quy thay, co cung cac ban thong cam va dong gop y kien de nguoi viet co the hoan thien tdt hon Xin chan cam on! Sinh vien thirc hien Tran Thj My Trang LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan rang luan van la chinh toi thuc hien, cac so lieu thu thap va ket qua phan tich luan van la trung thuc, khong trung voi bat cu dh tai nghien cuu khoa hoc nao Sinh vien thirc hien Tran Thi My Trang PHIEU DANH GIA LUAN VAN TOT NGHIEP (Gidng vien hir&ng dan) GIANG VIEN HI/6NG DAN: Tran Van Minh 2, SINH VIEN THI/C HIEN: Tran Thi My Trang MSSV: 0856010049 KHOA: TEN DE TAI: Nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat "Vang bong mot thoi' cua Nguyen Tuan NHAN XET CUA GIANG VIEN HtTCfNG DAN Danh gia chung qua trinh lam luan van tot nghiep: 1.1 Chuyen can: 1.2 Thai do: 1.3 Khac: Danh gia luan van: 2.1 Dat van de (theo budc): 2.2 Noi dung chinh: in 2.3 Chu thich, thu muc: 2.4 Hinh thuc trinh bay: 2.4.1 Dung lugng (trang): 2.4.2 Khuon kh6: 2.4.3 In an: 2.4.4 Trinh bay: 2.4.5 Chinh ta, ngu phap: Danh gia, xep loai: Danh gia: Xep loai: , thdng nam Giang vien huong dan (Ki va ghi ro ho ten) IV TOM TAT Noi dung chinh cua luan van ngoai phan mo dau va phan ket luan Luan van nghien cuu gom co ba chuong: Chuong mot: Vai net ve nha van Nguyen Tuan va tac pham Vang bong mot thai Chuong hai: Nghe thuat mieu ta ngoai hinh nhan vat Vang bong mot thai Chuong ba: Nghe thuat khac hoa noi tarn nhan vat Vang bong mot thoi Trong chuong mot cua luan van gom co hai noi dung chinh Do la tieu su, nguoi va qua trinh sang tac cua Nguyen Tuan va tap truyen ngan Vang bong mot thoi Qua noi dung cua chuong mot, nguoi doc co the hieu ro cuoc doi va nguoi cua nha van Nguyen Tuan 6ng sinh mot gia dinh co truyen thdng nho hoc, luc Han hoc da suy tan Nguyen Tuan phai song lac long, b6 tac de r6i ong tim den nhung thu an choi truy lac Noi ve nguoi cua Nguyen Tuan thi ong la mot nguoi thich phong rung, thich xe dich moi noi Nguyen Tuan la nguoi tai hoa va uyen bac, ong am hieu nhi§u linh vuc khac nhu: dieu khac, hoi hoa, Ngoai ra, Nguyen Tuan la nguoi y thuc ca nhan phat trien rat cao Qua trinh sang tac cua Nguyen Tuan trai qua hai giai doan: truoc va sau Cach mang Tap truyen ngan Vang bong mot thai la dinh cao nghe thuat cua Nguyen Tuan thoi ki truoc Cach mang Tac pham Vang bong mot thai co gia tri nghe thuat va noi dung sau sac Nguyen Tuan viet ve ve dep xua voi thai tran trong, xot xa Vi cai dep dang dan mat di, nhuong cho cho cai moi Dong thoi tac pham la tarn sir yeu nuoc tham kinh cua tac gia Tac pham Vang bong mot thai la " vien da tang" xay dap cho nen van chuong hien dai Khong gian tac pham bao gio cung buon, cung quanh que Thoi gian thi lai tuan hoan khong tro noi am anh cua nguoi He thong nhan vat la nhung nha nho cuoi mua, thich xe dich, co tarn hon lang tu Noi dung chuong hai gom co ba van dh: mieu ta ngoai hinh nhan vat phu hop voi lua tuoi, nghe nghiep, mieu ta ngoai hinh nhan vat mang tinh uoc le, tugng trung va mieu ta ngoai hinh nhan vat de boc 16 tinh each Thong qua noi dung chuong hai, nhan vat Vang bong mot thai la nhung nhan vat gia nui v6 tuoi tac Phan Ion nghe cua cac nhan vat deu nhe nhang nhu: ngh£ danh tho, tha tho, Ben canh Vang bong mot thai co nghe an cuop, chem dau nguoi, Nhung duoi ngoi but cua tac gia, nhung nghe khong hk bj phe phan ma dugc ca nggi va tran Phan Ion nhan vat Vang bong mot thai la nhung nha nho cuoi mua Cac nhan vat hien len voi net dep tinh khiet cua Lao Trang Nhan vat la nhung nguoi tai hoa, tai tu luon hon nguoi moi tu the Tu tinh uoc le, tugng trung, nha van ca nggi nhung nguoi biet tao cai dep, gin giu cai dep theo khuon kho mau muc Thong qua do, tac gia de dang phan anh sir xau xa cua xa hoi Chuong ba gom co ba phan chinh: mieu ta noi tam nhan vat qua ngon ngu, mieu ta noi tam nhan vat qua thai do, hanh dong, mieu ta noi tam nhan vat qua each song Nguyen Tuan su dung ngon ngu that doc dao Ngon ngu dugc ong su dung vua uyen bac lai vua uyen chuyen va tinh te Tu viec su dung ngon ngu doc dao, Nguyen Tuan da noi len tam trang nhan vat Tam trang cua nhung nguoi lac long, be tac de roi ho phai tim den nhung tu an choi cau ki nhung tao nha Cac nhan vat Vang bong mot thai, co nhung hanh dong phi thuong cua mot trang anh hao han Thai thi lai ung dung tu tai, lac quan don nhan tat ca cai chet sap can ke Qua nhung thai do, hanh dong cua nhan vat, nha van ca nggi nhung nguoi hien ngang, dinh dac Va cung tu do, nha van mudn dung thai ngong cua cac nhan vat de doi choi voi xa ho pha tap Ngoai ra, nhan vat Vang bong mot thai la nhung nhan vat co each song nho si Ho co each song nhe nhang, tao cua nguoi tai hoa, tai tu Qua each song cua cac nhan vat Vang bong mot thai, ta thay tam trang nhan vat be tac, ho co each song trinh de tim loi thoat VI MUC LUC Li chon de tai Lich su van de Muc dich nghien cuu Pham vi nghien cuu Phuong phap nghien cuu 5 CHUONG I: vAl NET VE NHA VAN NGUYEN TUAN VA TAC PHAM " VANG BONG M0T TH0T' 1.1 TIEU SU", CON NGlTdl VA QUA TRINH SANG TAC 1.1.1 Tieu sir 1.1.2 Con ngiroi 1.1.3 Qua trinh sang tac 1.1.3.1 Sang tac truoc 1945 1.1.3.2 Sang tac sau 1945 1.2 TAP TRUYEN NGAN "VANG BONG MOT THdl' 1.2.1 Vi tri cua tac pham qua trinh sang tac cua Nguyen Tuan 1.2.2 Gia tri noi dung va gia tri nghe thuat 11 13 13 14 CHUONG II: NGHE THUAT MIEU TA NGOAI HINH NHAN VAT TRONG "VANG BONG M0T THOT ! 21 2.1 MIEU TA NGOAI HINH PHU HOP VOI LUA TUOI, NGHE NGHIEP 21 2.1 MIEU TA NGOAI HINH MANG TINH UOC LE, TU0NG TRUNG * 2.3 MIEU TA NGOAI HINH DE B0C LO TINH CACH 27 32 CHUONG III: NGHE THUAT KHAC HOA NOI tAm NHAn VAT TRONG " VANG BONG M0T THCH " 39 3.1 KHAC HOA NOI TAM NHAN VAT QUA NGON NGLT 39 hAnHDONG " 3.3 khAc hoa noi tAm nhAn vat qua cAch SONG 47 54 KET LUAN 60 3.2 khAc hoa n6i tAm nhAn VAT qua thAi do, tAi lieu tham khAo Vll Nghe thuatxay dung nhan vat "Vang bong mot thai" cua Nguyen Tuan l.Ly chon de tai Nguyen Tuan la nguoi co ca tinh manh me, co loi song tu phong tung Nguyen Tuan la "mot hien tuang van hoc phuc tap, nhdt la truac Cach mang thdng Tam" (Nguyen Dang Manh) Ong la mot cay but tai hoa va doc dao: Tai hoa viec dung canh, dung nguoi; doc dao viec kham pha su dung ngon ngu Ong co vj tri quan trong nen van hoc hien dai Viet Nam Ong da co dong gop dang ke cho nen van hoc va nen van hoa dan toe Nguyen Tuan la mot nghe si suot doi di tim cai dep Cai dep luon dugc ong dao sau, kham pha kl luong den cau ki Van Nguyen Tuan cau ki kho hieu, nhung lai mang den cho nguoi doc sir say me, ly thu la ki Boi " Ong da huy dong nhung chit vao mot the tran ngon ngu co tap kich va vu hoi, co nghi binh va phong ngu" [6,tr.262] Chinh vi vay, van ong thu hut kha nhieu doc gia Khi doc van ong, ta co the biet them dugc nhieu dieu ve nguoi, xa hoi luc bay gio Dac biet la nhung kien thuc ve cac nganh nghe thuat khac Tap truyen ngan Vang bong mot thai cua Nguyen Tuan truoc Cach mang da tao mot khong la so voi cac tac pham cung thoi Hau het cac nha van thoi ki cho doi nhung tac pham hop thoi dai, tim each thao bo nhung rang buoc cua le giao phong kien dang de nang len so phan nguoi, bay to khat vong giai phong ca nhan voi nhung ten tuoi nhu: Thach Lam, Khai Hung, Nhat Linh, Cac nha van hien thuc phe phan nhu: Nam Cao, Ngo Tat To, Nguyen Cong Hoan, Nguyen Hong, Vu Trgng Phung , lai khai thac noi thong kho cua nguoi, t6 cao xa hoi thuc dan Rieng Nguyen Tuan lai chon cho minh mot each di rieng, ong tim ve qua khu, tim ve nhung net dep mang gia tri truyen thong dan toe Chinh vi the, tap truyen ngan Vang bong mot thai da gay chan dong den nguoi doc Xay dung nhan vat la mot cong viec chung cua gioi van nghe si, nhung cai khac la moi nha van deu co each xay dung rieng cua minh Doc nhung tac pham khac ta co the thay su khac biet ve nhan vat nhu: ngoai hinh, tinh each, hanh dong Den voi Vang bong mot thai cua Nguyen Tuan, ta bat gap nhung nhan vat nha nho cuoi mua dugc nha van noi den la nhung nguoi tai hoa, tai tu that th6 giua xa hoi nua Tau, nua Tay Vi vay, nguoi vet da quyet dinh chon de tai nghien cuu luan van tot nghiep cua minh la " Nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat tap truyen ngan Vang bong mot thai cua Nguyen Tuan" Tu de tai tren, toi muon tim hieu ro hon ve nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat tap truyen ngan Vang bong mot thai Dong thoi, nguoi viet cung muon tim hieu ve ve dep thoi xua voi nhung phong tuc, nhung thu tieu dao huong lac lanh manh va tao nha Voi long say me doc van Nguyen Tuan, long khao khat muon tim hieu sau hon ve dac diem " Nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat tap truyen ngan Vang GVHD: Tran Van Minh \ SVTH: Tran Thi My Trang Nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat "Vang bongmot thai" cua Nguyen Tudn bong mot thai cua Nguyen Tudn " Nguoi viet da chon de tai tren, hy vong voi sir giup cua thay huong dan va voi nhung hieu biet cua minh ve nhung gi tim hieu dugc qua tac pham cung nhu qua bai viet cua cac nha nghien cuu, nguoi vi£t se hoan tot luan van cua minh Lich su- van de Truoc 1945, hau het van nghe si deu mang noi dau the sir, mu6n tim ki£m sir giai thoat nhung lam vao be tac Nguyen Tuan la nha van nam so do, ong that vgng nao ne truoc hien thuc de roi di tim cai dep qua khu Truoc Cach mang, Nguyen Tuan dugc noi den tren van dan nhu la mot hien tugng la lam chan dong tat ca gioi van nghe si Sang tac cua ong thoi ki chu yeu tai hien lai cac gia tri van hoa, tinh hoa dan toe Ong viet ve " ve dep xua vai bao su tiec nuoi khon nguoi" Tac pham Vang bong mot thai da khang dinh ten tuoi Nguyen Tuan gioi van nghe si Hien nay, nghien cuu ve Nguyen Tuan, cac nha nghien cuu va ngoai nuoc co rat nhieu cong trinh nghien cuu Cac cong trinh nghien cuu dua vao hai mang chinh, la tac pham dau tay Vang bong mot thai va cac tap but Khi nghien cuu ve tap truyen ngan Vang bong mot thai, Truong Chinh tung khang dinh: "Ve van phong phdi noi Nguyen Tudn tac pham dau tay da dat den dinh cao ma ve sau ong khong dat tai nua"[5 ,tr.281] Vu Due Phuc thi lai nhan xet: "Du chi ludt qua mot Ian thoi, nhung Vang bong mot thai, hang may chuc nam sau vdn cu quanh qudt ben tai ta, truac mat ta la vang bong Chinh la su thu thdeh cua thai gian khien cho tacpham cua mot nha van co phan khong the chet dugc; khien cho nguoi ta phdi tran doc ky /zo72"[5,tr.247] Khi noi xh phong each nghe thuat cua Nguyen Tuan, Mai Quoc Lien nhan xet: " Nguyin Tudn Id mot nhung dai thu cua rung dau nguon van chuong Viet Nam the ky XX Nguyin Tudn Id bde thay cua nghe thuat ngon tit Viet Nam, nguoi ma nhung kha nang mai cho tieng Viet Nguyen Tudn la nghe si da ma the giai nghe thuat rieng, phong phu"[5,tr.242] Tuy nhien, ve tac pham Vang bong mot thai cung co nhung y kien khen che khac Khi dgc tap truyen ngan Vang bong mot thai, Vu Ngoc Phan nhan xet: "Doc Vang bong mot thai cua Nguyen Tudn, nguai ta cung co mot cdm tuang gdn giong nhunhung cdm tuang ngdm mot buc hoa co Gan giong, vi hoa si, tac gia bite co hoa, Id nguai thai xua, co cai 6c cua thai minh va co nhung net, nhung mdu cua thai minh, tac gia Vang bong mot thai chi Id nguai khai lai don tro tan cua di vang de bay lai truac mat ta nhimg cai ta da biet qua hay chua biet ro [8 ,tr.356] Theo Phan Cu De thi : " Vang bong mot thai vdn khong phdi la nhung bite tranh co that su trung bay Vien Bdo tangmd no vdn Id mot GVHD: Tran Van Minh SVTH: Tran Thi My Trang Nghe thudt xay dung nhdn vdt "Vang bong mot thai" ciia Nguyen Tudn sir giai thoat thu vui tao nha Nguyen Tuan da ket hgp mdt each het sue nhuan nhuyen giua ngon ngu hien dai va cd kinh de tao dugc khdng trang trgng van phong Vdi sir ket hop tinh te ay gdp phan lam nen sir ddi mdi nen van hgc dau the ki XX 3.2 KHAC HOA NOI TAM NHAN VAT QUA THAI DO, HANH DONG Trai qua chieu dai lich sir, tac pham Vang bdng mdt thai van di vao long ngudi dgc, bdi van phong trang nha, nhe nhang sau lang Nhan vat Vang bdng mdt thai la nhung ngudi ung dung tu tai, vdi nhung hanh ddng phi thuong Nhan vat Vang bdng mdt thai du bi bo vo trudc nhung ldi sdng mdi ciia xa hdi, nhung hg van cd thai dd cao dep trudc cudc ddi Mac du nhan vat phai sdng heo hat, be tac nhung hg biet sdng dep vdi ddi, biet luu giu gia tri tinh hoa ciia dan tdc Nhan vat cd thai dd hien ngang, bat khuat, hanh ddng day ban ITnh the hien mdt anh ciia thai dai, khdng nhu nhung nhan vat cua cac tac pham cung thai Nhu tac pham Chi Pheo ciia Nam Cao, nhan vat bi tha hda, cd hanh ddng rach mat an va Chi Pheo bi be tac de rdi hanh ddng cudi ciing ciia Chi la giet Ba Kien, ket lieu ddi minh Cung chung su be tac nhung nhan vat Vang bdng mdt thai khdng bao gid ket lieu ddi minh mdt each tam thuong, hg chet ciing chgn cho minh cai chet hien ngang, cao dep khien mgi ngudi phai kinh phuc Ndi ve nhung hanh ddng cao dep day ban ITnh, ta phai ke den cac nhan vat nhu: Cai Xanh, Phd Kinh, Ly Van Mdt dam bdt dac chi Ho la nhung ngudi cd tai, giup mgi ngudi Hg deu cd vd nghe cao cudng: " Chung quanh dao thip sdng ngdi, mdt huyin su da bao trum, cung nhu mdt huyin sit khdc da chqy chung quanh cdi hop dung thuoc ciia Cai Xanh " " Cai Xanh!" "Tiing bqc " nay, thi nao ciing an to Mdt cdy " but chi" cua Phd Kinh va mdt cdi Id chan ciia Cai Xanh, thi nao dam ciing Igt" Trudc mdt tieng bac ldn: " Ly Van chqy tdi tap nhu mdt ki chitc sac gap phdi duang cai Ngdi a nhd dugc mdt chut, y nghi them dugc mdt diiu gi, y lqi vut chqy di rdt lau Y chqy di chqy vi nhu thi, tinh da dugc ba ldn Din ldn thu tu thiy ddt ludn nam sdu nguai cung vi, sd cd cd Cai Xanh va Phd Kinh" Nhung hanh ddng tren ciia Ly Van the hien su vdi vang, y chung neu khdng nhanh thi se bd Id mdt tieng bac ldn " niu dim khdng md di thi tiing bqc din vd mdt" Neu tieng bac vd, Cai Xanh, Ly Van, Phd Kinh se khdng cd co hdi trung tri bgn bat nghTa va ciing khdng cd tien chia cho anh em, nen hanh ddng vdi vang ciia Ly Van la the Khi dugc tieng bac ldn, hg cd hanh ddng phi thuong: "Lay chd tiin bqc ciia bgn bdt nghia, dem chia cho anh em khdc ngheo nhu minh " Mdt dam bdt dac chi la nhung ngudi ngheo, hieu dugc sir cung khd nen hg chi cudp ddi vdi nhung ngudi bat nghTa rdi dem chia cho nhimg ngudi ngheo nhu minh Nhieu lan vao sinh tu vdi nhung vet seo to nhung Cai GVHD: Trin Van Minh ~a~j SVTH: Trin Thi My Trang Nghe thudtxdy dung nhdn vdt "Vang bong mdt thai" ciia Nguyen Tudn Xanh, Ly Van va Phd Kinh khdng bao gid sg set trudc nhung ngudi xau xa , va ciing chua bao gid cudp dugc tien, hg lai giu lai rieng cho minh Cd le chinh hanh ddng ciia mdt anh ldi lac nhu the , nen Mdt ddm bdt dac chi sdng mai ngdi biit ciia Nguyen Tuan Va nhung hanh ddng cao dep ciia Ly Van, Cai Xanh , Phd Kinh ciing chinh la sir chong tra xa hdi vdi thai ngdng ciia nhan vat Qua hanh ddng do, Nguyen Tuan cho ta thay dugc nhung ngudi biet sdng dep Mdt dam bdt dac chi chi la nhung ten cudp nhung dugc Nguyen Tuan ndi den la ngudi cd phach, cd hanh ddng nhu mdt anh Dgc Chin trd suang, cu Am hien len vdi thai ung dung, tinh tai thich udng tra vao budi sang sdm: " Md ddu cho mdt cong viec vun vat mdi tan cdn lqi, dng gia sg nhdt cdi dm trd tau pha hong luc sdm mai" Biet minh khdng cdn dugc trgng dung, nha nho gid day chi cdn la qua khu Tuy vay, cu Am van lac quan yeu ddi, dng tim den cai dep ciia nghe thuat udng tra Trong nhung am tra la ndi niem tham kinh ciia dng Bdi vay, ngudi dgc cd cam giac la trudc hanh ddng cu Am la "sg nhdt cdi dm tra taupha hong luc sdm mai" Xa hdi vdi the lire khac dang ngu tri, la the lire ciia danh va lgi Trudc su thap hen ciia xa hdi, cu Am xem nd khdng bang mdt am tra tau, vi cu Am ludn tdn trgng cai dep, cai sang, dng khdng bao gid lam ldi va dam cau tha viec pha tra Neu khdng gin giu cai dep, cai dep se mat di va cai dep ciing trd nen tam thudng nhu chinh xa hdi Khi trdi dat cdn Id md hoi suang, cu Am an hien ben gdi xep, cap mat lim dim nhu mdt nha su nhap dinh Mdi luc nhu vay cu da bay khay tra, dng nhd, am ddng va hda Id dat Thinh thoang, cu Am vudt lai mai tdc trang, dao ldn nhung hdn than hda Id de " tham hdi cdi hap hdi cua lii vd tri vd gidc" Cu Am ludn an can ben am tra ciia minh, cu xem nd nhu mot ngudi ban de bay to ndi long cd ddc Den gia dinh sa siit, cu van cat giu can than bd tra Ciing la ngudi yeu cai dep, nen dudng nhu Nguyen Tuan khdng mudn cai dep mat di Nguyen Tuan da kheo leo mugi ldi ndi ciia dng trdi de cho ve dep ludn tdn tai: "Trong gia dinh cu Am, hdi gdn day da lap lqi cdi phong tuc udng tra Cd mdt hdi bdn bach qua, cu Am da cdt han bd trd vao tu, tudng khdng bao gid dugc bay nd hang nita Nhung trdi vdn cdn hdu dai vdi nguai hang nho, thi nao nam nha cu Am lqi dugc mua cd hai vu" Tu gdc cai dep ciia viec udng tra, Nguyen Tuan ca nggi mdt each sac viec udng tra cua cu Am Nguyen Tuan ly tudng hda cudc sdng cu Am, thu vui udng tra ciia cu trd nghe thuat vua nhe nhang, vua tha mdng Ndi ve ngudi cd tam hdn lang tu, ngudi dgc khdng bao gid quen nhung hanh ddng dac biet ciia dng Cu Hai Den dim thu Ong Cu Hai thich ngam canh day, cai giang hd ciia dng ndi day thi khdng ngudi nao dudi kip: "Cdi hanh tung ciia ngudi nghi si khdng chiu sdng cho nguai khdc va hiia theo GVHD: Trin Van Minh 48 SVTH: Trin Thi My Trang Nghe thudt xay dung nhdn vdt "Vang bong mdt thai" cua Nguyen Tudn vdi nhung ngudi chung quanh dy, thuc kho md hdi Lung tim cdi ddu ban chdn mdt chinh khach thdt quoc luc vugt be ngoai muu viec ldn, cd le cdn di han di dudi theo dng Cu Hai nhung luc cdi giang hd a nguai dng ndi day " Den dim thu la tac pham ca nggi chat ciia ngudi, khdng thich kheo khoang chay theo quyen the Ong cu Thugng la ngudi tieu bieu cho thai do Du dng Cu ca la mdt dng huyen Thg Xuong cd chuc, cd quyen nhung chang bao gid cu Thugng mudn cay cai quyen the Cu Thugng la ngudi cd tam sang vd ngan: " Ldn sau, anh dugc luc viec quan thdn, cd choi ngoai phd vdi thdy, dung cd nin dem linh nhe" Cu Thugng la ngudi khdng thich sir trinh trgng, cu chi thich canh an nhan Mac du cau Cu ca nhieu lan mudn dng cu Thugng ve sdng cung, nhung trudc sau cu Thugng van giu nguyen thai dd, lap truong ro rang: " Thdy a ddu thi ciing thi Miin la dugc tinh mqc Id han cd Bdi thi cho nin tdi mdi them din su an nhdn luc dugc dudng lao Vd lqi thdy d ngoai nd quen di rdi Bao gid anh dugc lui vi vudn va niu trdi cdn cho thdy sdng mdt vdi gidp nita, dng ta se d chung di sua sang mdt cdi vudn cd du hoa bdn mua Anh khdng lo rang cham " Qua ldi ddi thoai ciia dng cu Thugng va dng Cu ca, thai cu Thugng dugc the hien ro net Va ciing qua ldi ddi thoai, cu Thugng da kheo leo khuyen bao cau Cu ca hay bd danh lgi ma ve lam mdt ngudi sang Vi dng cu Thugng nhan rang, dng Cu ca la mdt ngudi cd "tdm thudt hen kim", dam lam mgi chuyen hai gia phong Ong cu Thugng to thai dd khinh bi ddi vdi nhung ngudi cd ve be ngoai giuong oai dieu vd nhung thuc chat ben la mdt ngudi gian ac Khi nghT ve dng Cu ca, dng cu Thugng da nem nhung chu: " vd sd bdt chi" "Ta nan xuong, Id thang se lam mdt hit nhitng chinh tich hay mdt dai lam quan ciia ta" Cam nhan dugc dieu nen cu Thugng cd cai thai dd cam thong vdi dng Cu Hai Ong Cu Hai cung cd cung tam hdn vdi cu Thugng, nen dng ciing cd thai dd khinh bac ddi vdi dng Cu ca: " Dd nhd tiing lam, moi viec mua bdn diu phdi lay tiit kiim lam ddu Da hay rang dng huyin Tho Xuang vdn cd dua ludn di da thim vao viec chi tiiu nha, nhung dng CuHai vdn lay thi lamphiin" Nguyen Tuan ca nggi cu Nghe Mdm thuong day hgc vao budi sdm, cd thu vui tha tho tren sdng vao dem trang Cu tha tha mdt each dam bac cung ngudi gai da diing tuoi: " Mdi budi tdi thd tho, cd Tii diu ngdi bin canh cha Cd ban tay da cdi tiii tha ciia cu Nghe Mdm md lay tung Id tha ddt vao long chiiu cho lang chgn chit dat tiin" Nha van da phac hoa mdt gia dinh ne nep, gia phong, vdi thu vui tha tha day tao nha, van chuong Xua cu Nghe Mdm luc ranh rdi, cung ban ddng lieu danh to tdm, choi cd tudng, thi lai bay cudc tha tho Nhung vi dau buon cho sd phan trudc xa hdi, cu chi mudn yen phan ve vudn Ciing la ngudi mudn yen phan de tu dudng tinh tinh, thich ung dung, nhan rdi {Thd tha) GVHD: Trin Van Minh 49 SVTH: Trin Thi My Trang Nghe thudt xay dung nhdn vdt "Vang bong motthai" cua Nguyen Tudn Cu Kep lang Mgc Huong cudi: " nguyin dem cdi quang ddi xi chiiu cua mdt nhd nho di phung su lii hoa thorn cd quy" Cu Kep sdng binh thuong nhung hanh ddng ciia cu rat dac biet, co le nghi va nhip dieu ro rang: "Cu mudn ndi rang ngudi choi hoa nhiiu phdi lay cdi chi chi tinh md ddi ddi vdi gidng hoa cd khdng bao gid biit len tieng kia" Nha van mieu ta ti mi nhung hanh ddng, tung chi tiet luc rua da cudi den cho vao ndi keo mach nha, udp huong cho keo, den luc cac cu udng rugu, ngam hoa va lam tha: "cd ba dng diu lay nhitng hdn cudi di riing ban ndy met, dem dung da cudi vao ndi keo, qudn keo boc kinh vdi da, dugc vien nao liin dem ddt ludn vao long chau hoa Nhitng viin dd bgc keo dugc dat rdt nhe nhang lin tren lugt dd lot lin nin ddt chau hoa" Hanh ddng ciia nhung nhan vat Huong cudi dugc nha van ndi din la nhung hanh ddng cau ki Trudc vao bua tiee rugu, cac cu thuong: "Chinh cu nhd cd gidng cho tdi nghe rang nhitng cu gid sanh uong rugu, trudc vao ban rugu khdng an udng gi cd Cdc cu thuang udng vao luc tdm Vd luc vui chin, tinh khdng dung nhitng nham man nhu thit cd ddu" Mdi cd tiee " Thach lan huong", bd gia lai bay san: "bdn cdidon sit Bdt Trdng mauxanh quan luc Trudc mat mdi ddn, bd gid ddt mdt an thu nho, tren ngdt nghiiu hai chau lan cdn lu lu chiic long ban up, va mdt hu rugu da luon ldn cd nut Id chudi khd Bo gid xip ddt trdng thqo lam" Hanh ddng cua bd giadugc nha van khac hga ro net, tu* ca nggi nhung ngudi cd sd thich tinh te day lang man Khi vao tiee rugu cac nhan vat cd nhung hanh ddng day le nghi: "tdt cd bon cu diu up long bdn tay vao thi li vd gia tay chi thang vao giita, mdi cao tuoi xin nhap chin trudc di" Sau vao ban tiee, cac cu cd thai tiee nuoi trdi lai ndi gid ndm, keo mach nha khdng dugc ddng, lam cho cai dep co phan mat di cai cao, thuin khiet Trong truyen Ngdi md cu ke ve mot gia dinh sa siit sau thai loan, chi det vai nuoi em an hgc An sau la hinh anh cu Hd Vien, mdt tudng Cd Den, oai phong lim liet Cu biet trgng ngudi tai canh Id md ciia dat nude: "Cdu roi sau khd Cu mdt cdi ldi ddnh ca cua cdu tdi ciing thdy dugc mdtphan cdi tuang lai cua cdu Nhiiu nude cd bat bdng, chiiu rit, co ve tai tit lam Tdi nghiem cdu khdng hay rinh chiiu bi Ddng di y nhdt loi xuat qudn, Id cdu ddnh mdy vdn diu vao phdo ddu cd Ngudi hao hiing ddnh cd bao gid ciing vao phdo ddu" Cu cdn la ngudi trgng nghTa, khdng vi tien bac ma danh mat nhan each ciia minh: "Chi ngd cu Hd mudn thit din long kiin nhdn cua chi em nha minh, xem minh cd dugc chi khdng Tai sao, a viing day, khoi ngudigidu cd, cu khdng them tdi, ho cheo keo" Trong Vang bdng mdt thdi, Nguyen Tuan dung hai tu thiin luang ca nggi phach ciia Huan Cao va cai tam ciia vien quan nguc Cdn Ngdi md cu, Nguyen Tuan ciing danh hai chu thien luang cho cau Chieu, mdt thien luang chi GVHD: Trin Van Minh ^ SVTH: Trin Thi My Trang Nghe thudt xay dung nhdn vdt "Vang bong mot thai" ciia Nguyen Tudn ciia cau viec tim md cho cha Cam nhan dugc tam long cau Chieu, cu Hd Vien cd thai dd cam phuc: " Tdi thdy cdu la ngudi cdn it tuoi, md cd chi nhu thi, tdi cd bung yeu Bd cdi cha, bd cdi me, song cdi tuoi tha du giita canh loan lac vao ngheo tung, vay ma vdn cd chi theo duoi dugc viic sach den, tdi lay lam khen lam Gid nhu nhd khdc thi liiu long va hong tit bao gid rdi cdn gi Cdi thiin luang ciia cdu tdt lam" Dgc Trin dinh non Tdn, tac gia mudn cho ngudi dgc cd each nhin khac ve nhung vat vd tinh nhu cd cay va niii da Trong truyen, canh thien nhien hien len vdi ve dep thuan khiet, xinh dep va tha mdng, dua ngudi sang mdt the gidi cua udc mo va hoai bao Con ngudi xuat hien vdi nhung hanh ddng phi thuong: "Ngudi chd luan khdng ndi chuyin, khdng nhin bgn vita xuong ludn, chi hudng thang vao cdi tham tham dim sdng vang dang thdc mqnh vao ddu mui Luan di vut vut" Ndi ve nhung ngudi cd hanh ddng khep nep, nhung thai ciia hg van cd sir tran trgng cai dep, biet giu gin net dep Hinh anh Bat Le Bita rugu mdu, cd tai chem dau ngudi rat ggn Qua hanh ddng chem dau ciia Bat Le, ngudi dgc cam thay rung ran, trudc mdt ldi chem chi can mdt nhat Trudc chem dau mudi hai ten tu tu, Ong Ldn cho Bat Le tap chem d vudn chudi Khi vao vudn chudi Bat Le can than tirng hanh ddng: " Y xoqc cang, lay buac chdn nhitng quang trdng tit mdt gdc chudi din goc chudi khdc Tiin lin liii xuong ngang, doc, tu cho Id tdm tqm dugc, y ben nhe nhang phdt hit nhitng tau Id chudi rudm Ddy Id cdi khu don dep san di nhdn lay su thi nghiem sau ciing cua mdt duang dao bi bd quen da lau" Ngdi biit Nguyen Tuan tudng nhu vd tinh de cho Bat Le chem dau mudi hai ten tu tu Nhung that la thuong cam ve nghe nghiep ciia mdt ten dao phii, mdi lan Bat Le chuan bj chem dau ngudi, dng deu cat len tieng hat " Sdng khdng thit nhau, chit khdng oan nhau" Bdi tac gia nhan rang, nhung ten quan Cong Su mdi la nhung ten giang ac that sir, xem viec chem dau ngudi nhu mdt thu vui O Chit ngudi tit tu, ngoai sir thuong cam cho Huan Cao, mdt ngudi cd phach hon ngudi Song ngudi dgc cdn cd sir nuoi tiee cho vien quan nguc va thay tha lai, nhung ke chgn nham nghe Trong y nghT tham lang ciia vien quan nguc: "Mdt ki biit yiu phach, mdt ki biettrong ngudi cd tai han khdng phdi Id ki xau hay vd tinh Ta mudn biit dai dng Hudn Cao, ta mudn dng da cue nhung cudi cung" Trudc ldi xuc pham, " Vien qudn nguc, khdng lay lam oan thu thdi khinh bqc ciia dng Hudn Y ciing thua hieu nhung ngudi troc trdi khudy nude, din tren ddu ngudi ta, ngudi ta ciing chang biit nita, hudng chi minh chi la mdt ke tiiu lqi giu tu" Ndi ve chat tai hoa tai tu, chiing ta phai ke den Huan Cao, ngudi d GVHD: Trin Van Minh 51 SVTH: Trin Thi My Trang Nghe thudt xay dung nhdn vdt "Vang bong mdt thai" cua Nguyen Tudn vung tinh Son cd tai viet chu dep va nhanh, lai them cai phach ciia mdt anh be khoa vugt nguc Huan Cao mot ten tu tu nhung ludn giu thai ciia mdt ngudi hien ngang, khdng khom lung udn gdi bao gid, ke ca cai chet Huan Cao la mdt ngudi anh hung, cd thiin luang sang, bat cu hoan canh nao dng van giu nguyen thai ciia ngudi cuong true, than thang: "Nguai hdi ta mudn gi? Ta chi mudn cd mdt diiu La nguai dung ddt chdn vao day" Ngoai ban chat thiin luang sang, Huan Cao cdn la ngudi trgng cai dep ciia ngudi thien Cai dep xuat phat tu cai tam sang ciia vien quan nguc va thay tha lai, ciia nhung ngudi sdng tam tdi ma ludn ngdi sang ve dep cao Trong phut cudi cung ciia ddi minh, Huan Cao da kip nhan " mdt tdm long thiin hq" Chinh cai giay phut ay da lam cho CM ngudi tit tu them sau sac y nghTa ve nhung tam long ddi dai vdi Cudi chuyen, ngudi ta khdng the quen dugc canh cho chu nguc tdi: "Mdt ngudi tu cd deo gong, chdn vudng xiing dang dam to nit chit trin tdm lua trdng tinh cang phdng tren mdnh vdn Ngudi tii viit xong mdt chit, viin qudn nguc lqi vdi khiim num cdt nhung ddng tiin kem ddnh ddu d chit dat trin phiin lua dng Vd cdi thdy tha lqi gdy go, thi run run bung chau muc" Qua canh cho chu cd mdt khdng hai, Huan Cao, vien quan nguc va thay tha lai, ba ngudi chung mdt tam long, yeu cai dep , tran cai dep, tu cai dep dugc dua len dinh cao ciia sir tdn vinh Huan Cao, mot ngudi dang tam the bi ddng, bi tu day le dugc vien quan nguc quan tam thi phai lay lam vinh hanh, lam an hue cua cudc ddi, nhung vdn dng la mot ngudi thang, chinh true nen dng da to thai dd rat lanh lung, khinh bac ddi vdi vien quan nguc Huan Cao chua bao gid cd y nghT se nhd va ngudi quan nguc ciia minh Trong hoan canh eo le nhu the, mang sdng da bat dau khdng giu ndi ma ngudi tu tu van giu dugc the dung vung vang, that dang ne phuc biet bao, la mdt nhan each sang len giua canh tdi tam cua nha tu, ciia xa hdi bay gid Mac du bi Huan Cao khinh bac nhung vien quan nguc trudc sau van khep nep va xin "linh y" Trudc thai do, hanh ddng ciia vien quan nguc va thay tho lai, Huan Cao da nhan ngudi cd bung lien tai " sd thich cao quy" Huan Cao da nhan hg la ngudi cd ldi sdng cao dep bi xen vao giua nhung ban nhac xd bd Huan Cao du dugc biet dai nhung dng van giu thai hien ngang: "Nguai hdi ta mudn gi? Ta chi mudn mot diiu La nguai dung dat chdn vao day" Ong khdng vi tien bac ma danh mat nhan each cua minh: "Ta nhdt sinh khdng vi vang nggc hay quyin thi md phdi ip minh viit cdu ddi bao gia" Mdt Huan Cao tai hoa, phach hon ngudi biet trgng nghTa, quy " dm trio" ciia vien quan nguc Thay tha lai la ngudi hieu dugc tam tu ngudi khac va san sang giup ngudi cd tam nguyen tdt dep de dat dugc tam nguyen Luc vien quan nguc tin tudng ke lai tam sir ciia minh thi: "Thdy tha cdm ddng nghe xong chuyin, ndi "Da GVHD: Trin Van Minh 52 SVTH: Trin Thi My Trang Nghe thudt xay dung nhdn vdt "Vang bong mdt thai" cua Nguyen Tudn bam, ngdi cityin tdm da cd tdi" rdi chqy xuong trai giam dng Hudn, ddm cua budng giam, hdt hdt hdi ki cho tu tu nghe ro ndi long viin qudn nguc, vd ngdp ngitng bdo ludn cho dng Hudn viec ve kinh chiu an tit hinh" Do la nhung hanh ddng dep de ciia thay tho lai, thay ludn biet niim vui ke khac Va cd le thiy tho lai khdng yeu cai dep say me nhu vien quan nguc nhung lai cd y thuc bao ve cai dep khdng thua kem gi vien quan nguc Nhung hanh ddng tren biiu hien sir vdi vang, hdt hai, y chirng neu khdng lam se khdng cdn kjp nua thi y nguyen ciia vien quan nguc khdng thuc hien dugc, y tudng mudn giu gin cai dep ciia thiy tha lai theo ma tieu tan Trong xa hdi trudc Cach mang thang Tam, mdt xa hdi ma cai tai hoa, cai dep chi la ndi dau nhu chinh nha van da it nhieu nem trai Dgc Vang bdng mot thdi, chiing ta thong cam hon vdi nha van, hilu dugc tam su ciia nha van viet ve qua khu: "Chua cd viit vi qua khu md dung lqi dugc cdi khdng thai xua nhu Nguyin Tudn Ong ki chuyin cdc cu thuang tra, ddnh cd, ngdm tha thqo nhu nguai cudc sdng thai ay "[5,tr.238] Cu sau Nhung chiic dm ddt, cu pha gan het ca nghiep dng cha de lai, coi phii quy khdng bang mdt am tra Den luc cu sa siit, cu van cdn quen thdi phong luu, "nhiiu qua choi ao sen nha gap mua hoa nd, cu lqi cdn cd but lay it nhi dem udp ludn vao gdi tra gidt minh, neu day la trd man cu" Cu cd hanh ddng la thuong, mdi phien chg, cu bay nhung chiec am, cu ban than am rit re Cdn nip am cu danh lai Cd lan cu ndi vdi ngudi ba con: "Cd thi mdi dugc gid Cd cdi thdn dm rdi, chang nhe khdng mua cdi nap vita van sao? Bdn thdn dm ri, rdi din luc bdn nap dm, mdi la luc nin bdn gid dat Dd mdi Id cao kiin " Qua hanh ddng dac biet ciia cu Am ban nhung chiec am dat noi phien chg Nguyen Tuan da cho ngudi dgc thay dugc sir tinh te cua mdt ngudi am hieu ve tra, ve nhung chiec am Cach chgn am tra tau ciia cu Am that dac biet, hanh ddng khdng phai ciing cd the hieu va lam dugc: " Niu khdng tin dng cit up dm xuong mat miing gd Cho dm ngua trdn lin Citxem miing vdi vdi quai va gd miing dm diu can sdt mat bang miing gd thi biit Niu mudn thu ky nita, quy khach thd nd vao chau nude, thdy nd ndi diu, cdn khdng triing, the la dich dm tau" O cudi tac pham, nha van that tinh y cho cau chuyen ket thuc bang mdt hanh ddng chgn am tau Hanh ddng chgn am ciia cu Am cd phan cong phu Tir tac gia mudn ndi len cai dep khdng phai ciing biet thuong thuc va quy trgng Chi cd nhung ngudi yeu cai dep that sir mdi cd the cam thu va dua nd len vinh quang Va ciing chinh hanh ddng ban am ciia cuAm lam cho ngudi dgc bao suxdt xa ve thai dai Trong Khoa thi cudi ciing, ke ve mdt khoa thi cudi ciia nho hoc, Nguyen Tuan mieu ta sir suy tan ciia mdt thdi van minh da qua, da di vao qua khu Trong sir chuyen giao lich su, Khoa thi cudi ciing la mdt khoa thi cudi cho cac sT tu Sang mdt GVHD: Trin Van Minh ^ SVTH: Trin Thi My Trang Nghe thudt xaydung nhdn vdt "Vang bong mot thai" cuaNguyin Tudn thdi khac, chu Han chi cdn la mdt thii* chu xa xi viec hgc vin ciia mdt lap ngudi Tac gia mudn ndi den sir that noi thi cu ciia Han hgc, nhung ll nghi noi truong thi, harm ddng ciia sT tu budc vao truong thi, hanh ddng quan chii khao khan trudc sT tu vao, ciing phan nao ndi len cai khdng iy: "Bdo oan gid tiin nhap, bdo an gid thit nhap" Ngoai cau chuyen cdn ndi din thai dau xdt ciia mdt thai da qua, cong danh, thi cu chi cdn la sir tile nudi vd vgng nhu y nghT ciia dng Dau Xu Anh: "dng buon udt vd han nhdn thdy minh cd cdn liu chong nua cung la chi di lam sdng day, vong ngang trdi, mdt cdi oan ciru xua cu ciia dng cha di lqi" Qua tac pham Vang bdng mdt thai, dem den cho ngudi dgc bao sir tile nudi ve mdt thai da qua, ve nhung ngudi cd thai hien ngang, hanh ddng phi thuong day ban ITnh Nhung phan ldn nhan vat Vang bdng mdt thai diu la nhung nha nho sdng an dat, hudng lac vao nhung cuoi ddi Hg khdng bon chen giua xa hdi nhd nhang ma chi thich sdng ben nhung thii choi tao nha, cd phin ll nghi, nhip nhang Ciing tu nhung thii vui tao nha iy, nhan vat da nem ddi bao sir chua cay ciia xa hdi Trong Vang bong mdt thai, ngudi ta thay sdng lai bao net dep ciia ngudi, nhung ngudi tai cao, phan thap cd giu gin cai dep 3.3 MIEU TA NOI TAM QUA CACH SONG Khdng chap nhan hien thuc xa hdi, Nguyen Tuan hudng vl qua khu, tim kiem cai dep Mdi truyen ngan Vang bdng mdt thai da phin nao lam song day nhung phong tuc tap quan dan tdc, nhung sinh hoat ciia dng Nghe, dng Cdng, cau Am, van giu thdi quen cao, dam bac vdi nhung thii vui tao nha Cac nhan vat Vang bdng mdt thai deu la nhung ngudi cd each sdng lanh ddi thoat tuc nhu mdt ngudi tai hoa, tai tu Ndi den ngudi tai hoa, tai tiiphai ke den cu Sau Nhitng chiic dm ddt, cu Am Chin tra suang Cu Sau la ngudi dam me tra, den gia dinh sa siit, cu Sau van giu each sdng ciia ngudi tai hoa: "Vdn cdn quen cdi thdi phong luu, nhiiu qua chai ao sen nhd gap mua hoa nd, cu lqi cdn cd but lay it nhi dem udp ludn vao gdi tra gat minh, neu day la tra man cu" Cu Sau la ngudi cd each sdng cao, biet hudng thu va nham nhap cai dep kha cau ki -* r f r Cu Am Chin tra suang cd each sdng ciia ngudi an dat, thich udng tra va ngam tha Cu Am cd thdi quen day sdm : " Trdi rit qua Khdng ki tiiu hdn, khdng ki cd din dai han, budi sdm mua ddng nao, cu Am ciing day tit luc cdn tdi ddt" Cu Am cdn thich ngam tha vao mdi budi sang, vi mdi budi sang cu ngam nhu vay se tiet ben ngoai nhung cai nang ne cua ca the va dh don liy lanh ciia dit trdi Nha van mieu ta ti mi each sdng cua cu Am tu luc cdn sang sdm, mgi vat yen tTnh cho den trdi rang dan Mdi budi sang nhu vay, cu va ngudi trai diu udng GVHD: Trin Van Minh ^ SVTH: Trin Thi My Trang Nghe thudt xay dung nhdn vdt "Vang bong mdt thai" cua Nguyin Tudn tra va dgc Cd Van Cach sdng ciia cu Am diy vi cao va triit li Cu Am cd each sdng ciia mdt nha nho lanh ddi thoat tuc, cu tim din thii vui uong tra va ngam tho Cach uong tra cu Am ciu ki din rung chi tilt, tu sir kheo leo ciia Id than din nude pha tra: "Nude sdi gid lam roi Nhung thdi quen vdn bdt cu Am rdt thit mdt chut nude xuong ddt xem cd thuc Id sdi khdng , dng gid sg nhdt cdi dm tra tau pha hong luc sdm mai'' Cu Am cd each song cua mdt ngudi thich an nhan, phing lang Tu hinh anh ciia nhung chile im , Id than, Nguyin Tuan khic hga dam net each sdng ciia cu Am: " Cu ndng vudng vdi tay diiu phu trin khay tra gd trdc cd chdn quy Nhe nhang, khoan thai, cu Am nhdc cd dia dam chin tong chin qudn khoi long khay Cu Am thit mdi da long ban tay minh vao cdi dm ddc dm, hinh nhu cd tim tdi mdt chut ggn trin ddt nung di dugc sung suang them han nita sau nhdn thdy cdi dm ddc dm Id nhan nhui qua " Cu Am la ngudi cd each song dam bac, khdng thich dn ao, nao nhiet: " Ldi giao du cua co nhdn dam bqc chit khdng huyen nao nhu bay gia Chi cd ngudi tao nha, cung mdt khi, mai cd thi ciing ngdi bin mdt dm tra Nhung luc dy, chu nhdn phdi tu tay minh chi nuac, nhdt nhdt cdigi ciing lam lay cd, khdng ddm nhd din nguai khdc, sg lam thi thi mdt hit cd kinh" Cu Am cd each sdng tinh te, ciu ki nhung lai biit gin giu cai tinh khiet ciia cudc sdng: " Trong nha cu Am, nguai ta da on thitc day Cu Am da bdt ddu ho Chung nhu hdi nay, cu da tunen hoi thd khdng ddm ho, sg lam due vdn mdt cdi phut binh lang huyin biciia luc dim va giao nhau" Cu Am cd each song tao, nhe nhang, vugt cai each sdng tim thuong xiu xa, bon chen vi danh lgi Cach sdng ciia nho sT xua thuong lathich udng tra, toi din liy rugu biu ban dk ngam tho Cu Am ciing cd each song nhu the, cu cd each song nhu mdt co nhan lanh xa ddi tim den su an nhan ben am tra ciia minh Qua Chin trd suang, Nguyin Tuan giup ta hieu them ve each sdng tao nha ciia cac cu thai xua, mdt loi song ciu ki nhung dam Dgc Vang bdng mdt thai, ta khdng chi nudi tiee cai qua khu vang son ciia dan tdc, ma ben canh ta cdn kham phuc each sdng ciia cac cu Mdt each song ddc dao nhu mdt "triit nhdn" Cu Kep Huang cudi la mdt ngudi nhu the, cu Kep nguyen dem quang ddi xe chieu phung sir lii hoa tham cd quy Cu Kep thuang mac ao long cuu xu Bac, loay hoay vdi miy chuc chau lan khu vudn ciia minh Cu cd each sdng nhu mdt nho sT d in, tim thii vui ben nhimg chau lan vudn Cu cd long yeu thien nhien, chan ddi dai vdi chiing Cu Kep la mdt ngudi cd each sdng hda minh vao thien nhien, hudng thu cai dep, coi minh tua nhu than tien Cach sdng cua cu Kep day vj tao ciia mdt the gidi ngao ngat ciia huong lan, keo mach nha udp huong , sir me say ciia bua rugu "Thqch lan huang" va su chim dam nggt ngao cua tha van Khac han vdi ldi hudng thu GVHD: Trin Van Minh ~f5 SVTH: Trin Thi My Trang Nghe thudt xay dung nhdn vdt "Vang bong mdt thai" ciia Nguyen Tudn vat chat dam chim vinh hoa, cu Kep da thu hudng nhung uu dai ciia thien nhien hao phdng bang tam long hda hgp vdi thien nhien Cach sdng ay mang dau an lanh ddi thoat tuc ciia lap nho sT an dat Cach sdng ciia cu Kep cd phan gidng vdi each sdng nhan ciia cu Nguyen Binh Khiem, mdt nha nho d an vi chan ghet cudc sdng bon chen ciia danh va lgi: " Ta dai ta tim nai vang vi Nguai khdn ngudi a chdn lao xao Thu an mang true ddng an gid Xudn tam hd sen hq tam ao" Cu Nguyen Binh Khiem lui ve d an noi thdn que, nhung cudc sdng ciia cu hudng thu khdng khac gi nhung lac thii d chdn than tien Neu cu Nguyen Binh Khiem lanh ddi bang each tim den thien nhien cd cay, sdng gan gui vdi ddi sdng nhan dan de tu* lang le phe phan nhung ngudi chay theo danh vgng, vat chat, bang tu the bac trugng nhan chan chinh khdng phan biet khdn - dai, thi nhan vat cu Kep Huang cudi ciia Nguyen Tuan lai tim cho minh thii vui bang each tao mdt khu vudn nhd de trdng lan, Tet den lam keo mach nha Va cung tu* thii vui do, tac gia phe phan nhung ngudi tam thudng, pham tuc An sau each sdng lanh ddi thoat tuc la tam trang tham kinh ciia cu Kep, cu dau buon cho sd phan nho sT khdng cdn dugc trgng dung, hg bi lac long be tac nen an minh ben nhung thii an choi cau ki Trong truyen Huang cudi, ket thuc vdi cam xiic nhe nhang The hien each sdng phong phii ciia cac cu, lam sdng day nhung phong tuc cd truyen cua dan tdc mdt thai da qua Nguyen Tuan viet ve each sdng cau ki, nhung hudng thu dai cac ciia cac nhan vat bang thai dd nudi tiee mot thdi dT vang ve cai dep, chu dng khdng he len an hay mia mai each sdng ciia nhan vat Trong budi giao thai, cu Phii Thd tha sdng canh don chiec, ga trdng nudi Mac du gia dinh dang tiing thieu, cu Phii van giu each sdng mdn de ciia Lao Trang Mdi dem tieng trdng phii cam canh vang len, lai cd tieng ngam tho: " Cu dot Id huang cho tdi sdng Thitxem mua gid tdi bao gid " Tieng ngam tho ngan vang vao ndi long ciia cu Phii Dau buon trudc nghich canh, cu Phii cd each sdng kha trinh trgng , phd dien nhung cai cao trudc cudc ddi Dd la tha tho vao nhung dem trang du cd an hay thua: "Thang lqi thang, cu Nghe Mdm thd tha tren mat sdng da Id mdt chuyen md mdt viing day nhdc nhdm din ludn ludn" Tuy da ve vudn nhung cu van cdn thdi quen thap nen bach lap de dgc Dudng Thi Cu Phii thich sdng cudc sdng nhan rdi, thudng day hgc vao budi sdm de nudi dudng tinh tinh Cu Phii thich each sdng tinh, yeu van chuang Cu Phii cd GVHD: Tran Van Minh % SVTH: Tran Thi My Trang Nghe thuat xay dung nhdn vdt "Vang bong mot thai" cua Nguyen Tudn each sdng nhan rdi nhung thii vi Ddi lap vdi nhung ngudi cd each sdng tam thudng, pham tuc Khdng tim dugc cai dep hien tai, Nguyen Tuan trd ve qua khu tim kiem net dep xua mdt thdi vang bdng Ong ca nggi, nhung dng Cu, dng Nghe , cd each sdng khdng nao nhiet nhung lai cao, nhe nhang theo diing phong each nha nho chan chinh Ong Cu Hai la mdt lang tu giang hd:" Nguai cd hoa tay, thim dugc chut tdm hdn lang tit, nin dng Cu Hai sdng cudc dai minh nhu nguai ta choi choi vay thdi Ong ta sinh di md diia vdi cudc sdng va bat ddu tit viec dem cdi tdi hoa ciia minh md diia nhd vdi su nghiep thdn thi" Ong Cu Hai Den dim thu la mdt ngudi cd each sdng cua mdt ngudi lang tu Mac du la mdt ngudi cd vg, cd nhung dng chi sdng cudc ddi choi choi Cach sdng ciia dng Cu Hai ngoai chiu anh hudng ciia dng cu Thugng, dng cdn mang dam mau sac cua cac nho sT Han hgc Ong cd each sdng don gian nhu " di chdm" va chang luc nao dng cd " mdt giay phut trinh trgng ddi vdi nhdn sinh" Khi thii xe dich cua dng Cu Hai ndi day thi khdng cd the tim dugc Budc chan dng phieu bdng mgi noi, chua bao gid dng d lau mdt chd vi canh d khdng dung dugc ngudi: " Buc truang nhdn thit nghi: cdi gi md nude chi chay xiet khdng bao gid tu; cdy trdng din ba nam bdi khdng qua; at nhdm khdng thdy cay; hoa chi cd mui tham vi phan dim; niii chi bang ddu chit khdng cd chdm ngon, va mdy trdi khdng bao gia hiin du nam sac Canh nhu thi tdi ngdi lam gi Chit hiin khdng phia a chd nao ciing dem bd thi dugc" Ong Cu Hai cd phai la tien than ciia chang Nguyen "Thiiu qui huang"? Ong Cu Hai thich di mgi noi de tim cam giac mdi la cho giac quan Ciing chinh tu* each sdng giang hd , lang tu ciia dng Cu Hai da trd net dac sac cau chuyen Cai thii giang hd, lang tii ciing chinh la ldi thoat ciia Nguyen Tuan, mdt thai phan ling trudc cudc ddi ma dng thay chan ghet.Ong Cu Hai ciing la ngudi thich ngam canh, dao choi sdng niii: " Ong Cu Hai di dqy hoc, da lay cdi viec dqy hoc lam mdt muu hd khdu md y nhu la di ngoqn canh hoqc la di ddng huang a cdc din chua cd tich ", quanh nam day hoc di khap "bdn tinh tit chinh Ddng Nam Doai Bac" Ong Cu Hai khdng bao gid chiu d yen mdt chd, den hdi dap dng cung cac ban lam tho, Tet Trung thu dng di chua thay, , dng di khap mgi nai giang hd cua dng ndi day Ong Cu Hai sdng nhu ngudi choi choi, ngdi giang bai chua am phdng hgc da quay khan gdi trap len dudng Ong Cu Hai la ngudi cd each sdng khdng thich gd bd, dng thich tu phdng tiing vdi mdt tam hdn lang tu O Trin dinh non Tdn ndi ve thien nhien tren den Thugng vdi ve dep to md, day huyen diu va tho mdng The hien giac mo, each sdng hanh phiic ciia ngudi: " Hai thuyin thoi di im nhu trudn xudng ddc mdt ngon thdc md long thdc diu lot ddy mdt lap riu ta non Ban nay, ludn dp bin khdng cd mdt tiing ddng GVHD: Trin Van Minh 57 SVTH: Trin Thi My Trang Nghi thudt xaydung nhdn vdt "Vang bdng mdt thai" cua Nguyin Tudn roe rach, nhu la khe lach mat nude ma ngoi titdudi lin ", "Nhung cdi im diu, ,sdng, tham, lanh tren non tiin, niu dugc dem thudt lqi vdi nguai lang, dng cu San tin rang se cd khoi ngudi doan tuyet vdi cd huang, tim vao ngan cao cho dugc thoa cdi tai vd cdi mat" Cau chuyen ve den Thugng, ve nhung bi mat khdng dam ndi den va cau chuyen lam cho dng cu Sin thay doi each sdng : "Cu Phd San Id ngudi khdng bao gid biit nhitng ma mdng d ddi Id gi cd Thi md tit hoi di lam an mdt chuyin xa dy vi, dng cu cd cdiphong thdi mdt ki lang man vao luc cuoi ddi Ong cu gid chai cdy canh Vd bdt cit la noi nao, hi ddnh tiing cho dng biit mdt vudn qua nao dep va la, la dng ldn md den cho dugc".Yk kl tu* dng cu Sin thich sdng hda minh vao thien nhien tim sir lang man noi cudc ddi Tir ve dep huyin diu day huyen bi tren den Thugng, ngudi tir canh thien nhien cd mdt each song ua chuong cai dep Yeu chuong cai dep de rdi ngudi phai nhan liy bi kjch ciia thai dai: " Ong cu San buon buon nghi den ngaysapphdi xudng khoi niii Cit d trin nay, thi bon thg cdn dugc tha hd ban tdn den nhitng cdi la ciia Ngan tham tham kin mat, mdi Ua rdi xudng khoi, la khdng dugc tim duang lin, la khdng ddm hd hang ti chut lqi vdi nguai ddi vi cdi thdn bitren day xanh tuai din tan thi" Cau van nhu chinh tam long ciia tac gia danh cho que huong dat nude, tam long dugc bay to kinh dao Khi len tren den Thugng, ngudi cd each sdng mdi: " Cang lin cao, bon nguai thdy minh cang rdi Ua cdi ngudn sdng quen thude ciia mgi O day bat ddu mdt ngudn sdng mdi la Ngudn sdng cua ddy ma rg mdc vd cd vd dd vao luc mdi cd Cdu Tao" Trong sir thdi nat ciia xa hdi, ngudi phai sdng khinh bac vdi ddi, nhung ngudi van dgi chd vao sir van ddng ciia dat nude Cau chuyen Trin dinh non Tdn ndi ve sir dgi chd tren chdn non cao, ngudi sdng mdt each sdng than tien, lanh xa nhung thu xau xa ciia xa hdi Mgi thu tu each sinh hoat den cdng viec deu dugc the hien nhu each sdng than tien: " Thitc an bdn miia trin san thugng Id gidng dao rg Hd Niu cdc bdc khdng chiu dugc, mudn ddi bita thi san chim trin canh vd cd dudi long khe cu ban lay md an Cdi tin vang, dung ban chim Ban cd thi dung cdy tin bqc Cu ban ra, rdi mui tin se vdng quay lqi, khdng bao gid hit tin" Cau chuyen mudn ndi rang, neu ngudi mudn cd cudc sdng than tien nhu vay, thi phai bd cdng sue lam viec de tao cai dep Trin dinh non Tan cdn ndi ve nhung ngudi thg mdc co hoa tay dep, nen dugc than Tan vien trgng dung va mdi triing tu den Thugng Dgc Vang bdng mdt thai, Nguyen Tuan su dung ldi van sac mieu ta ndi tam nhung nhan vat nha nho cudi miia, hg ludn an hien su tiee nudi ve cai dep mdt thai da qua O Vang bdng mot thai, tac gia ca nggi nhung ngudi tai hoa, tai tu phai sdng nham the ki, sinh khdng gap thai nen dam be tac cau an, hudng lac, cd each sdng ciia nhung ngudi an dat, thoat tuc, lanh xa ddi de tim GVHD: Trin Van Minh 58 SVTH: Trin Thi My Trang Nghe thudt xaydung nhdn vdt "Vang bdng mdt thai" cuaNguyin Tuan vao nhung thii vui tao nha cd mdt khong hai nhu: danh tho, tha tho, uong rugu, ngam tha Tuy vay, nhan vat Vang bdng mdt thai van cd each sdng dep, khdng nhu each sdng mdn cua cac nhan vat sang tac ciia Nam Cao Bd mat tinh than ldi "sdng mdn" that buon te, tham hai Hg sdng chen chiic mdt khdng gian tu dgng, bui bam Chi mong cd miing an va dugc yen phan Cdn nhan vat Vang bdng mdt thai du bi be tac, tuyet vgng trudc xa hdi nhung hg van phd dien ngoai cudc ddi mdt each song lap di cau ky; d dau tac gia ciing co gang tim cai dep nen ddi cai dep xuat hien vao nhirng truong hgp kha tan nhan: Cai dep ciia mdt ten chem dau ngudi, cai dep ciia ngudi viet chu dep, Vdi mdt tam hdn nhay cam, tinh te va ldi van ciu ky, triic trie, Nguyin Tuan da phai bay each sdng dep cua nhan vat Tir each sdng cua nhan vat, nha van mudn khoi lai nhirng gia tri truyen thong cua dan tdc dang din mit di Mdt mat nha van len an xa hdi, mdt xa hdi d trge, nho nhang Mat khac, Nguyin Tuan mudn thuc tinh ngudi chay theo danh lgi va niem khao khat mudn gin giu cai dep qua khu GVHD: Tran Van Minh 59 SVTH: Tran Thi My Trang Nghe thudt xay dung nhdn vdt "Vang bdng mdt thai" cua Nguyin Tudn KETLUAN • Nguyen Tuan la mdt nghe sT Ion, mdt nha van hda ldn Ong la ngudi cd y thuc trach nhiem ciia ngudi cam biit Tir y thuc trach nhiem ludn thdi thuc dng khdng ngung tim tdi va sang tao Dac biet, Nguyin Tuan giau long yeu nude va tinh than dan tdc Nguyen Tuan chii yeu kham pha thien nhien, sir vat d phuong dien tham my, kham pha ngudi d phuong dien tai hoa, tai tu Dd chinh la cai nhin mdi me, dac sac ciia nha van Trudc Cach mang, vi khdng chap nhan xa hdi, khdng tim thiy cai dep hien tai, dng quay ve qua khu tim kiem nhung ve dep sip bj mat di Sau Cach mang, Nguyen Tuan da md long don nhan xa hdi, dng ciing viet ve nhimg ve dep nhung gid day nhung ve dep daco sir hai hda ve cudc sdng hien tai Nguyen Tuan da de lai mdt sir nghiep van chuang phong phii vdi nhung trang viet ddc dao va tai hoa Trong di san dng de lai cho ddi khdng the nao khdng nhac den tap truyen ngan Vang bdng mdt thai Vdi biit phap tai tinh, dieu luyen, Nguyen Tuan da xay dung cdng cac nhan vat ciia minh Nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat Vang bdng mdt thai ciia dng dugc xay dung phong phii va da dang: tu ngoai hinh cho den ndi tam nhan vat Thong qua nghe thuat ay, Nguyen Tuan da giay bay nhirng tran trd ciia minh ve xa hdi va ngudi luc biy gid Qua Nguyen Tuan da ddng gdp cho van chuong mdt nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat sau sac Tuy la mau nhan vat nha nho that the, nhung dudi ngdi biit mang tinh udc le, tuong trung ciia Nguyen Tuan cac nhan vat hien len tu tdn, trang nha theo diing chuan muc ciia ngudi cd tai, cd ban ITnh Trong tap truyen ngan Vang bdngmdt thai, ngudi dgc tim thay hinh bdng xua, ve dep xua mdt thai cdn vang bdng Cac nhan vat Vang bdng mdt thai, song bang nhirng nghe nhe nhang, tao nhu: day hgc, danh tho, tha tho, Trudc hoan canh xa hdi, nhan vat Vang bdng mdt thai khdng chay theo danh lgi, ma hg la nhung ngudi cuong true, thang than, hien ngang mgi tu the Trong Vang bdng mdt thai, each doi thoai ndi tam lam bdc Id tinh each nhan vat sau sac Ngdn ngu lai linh hoat, vua sac, vira nhgn khac hga ndi tam nhan vat mdt each rd net Trong budi giao thai, cac nhan vat phai sdng gd bd, be tac, nen hg dam khinh bac vdi ddi Nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat truyen ngan Vang bdng mdt thai ciia Nguyen Tuan da cd nhung ddng gdp rat ldn nen van hgc Vdi nhung ddng gdp do, da giup cho ten tuoi dng dung vung cho long ddc gia ma thai gian van khdng the xoa di Chinh nghe thuat xay dung nhan vat la yeu to lam cho tap truyen ngan Vang bdng mdt thai cua Nguyen Tuan trd nen dac sac GVHD: Tran Van Minh 60 SVTH: Tran Thi My Trang TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Lam Dien , Tran Van Minh (2012) Giao trinh van hgc Viet Nam hiin dai giai doan 1945 -1975 Nxb Can Tha Huynh Ly , Nguyen Van Long, Nguyen Trac ,Tran Huu Ta (1980) Lich sit van hgc Viet Nam (tap 6, phan 1) Ha Ndi: Nxb Giao due Nguyen Dang Manh ( 1999) Nguyen Tudn ban vi van hoc nghi thudt Ha Ndi: Nxb Hdi nha van Nguyen Dang Manh (2000) Nha vdn Viet Nam, chdn dung va phong cdch Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh: Nxb tre Tdn Thao Mien ( 1998) Nguyin Tudn, vi tdc gia vd tdc pham Ha Ndi: Nxb Giao due Nguyen Tuan (2000) Cdy but tai hoa vd ddc ddo Ha Ndi: Nxb Van hda thong tin Nguyen Tuan ( 2011) Tdcpham vd ldi binh Ha Ndi: Nxb van hgc Vii Nggc Phan (1994) Nha van hien dai(toan tap) Ha Ndi: Nxb Van hgc