Thực trạng triển khai bảo hiểm hàng hóa xuất nhập khẩu vận chuyển bằng đường biển tại tổng công ty cổ phần bảo hiểm bưu điện (pti)

TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN oOo—————— DAI HOC KTQD TT THONG TIN THlTVIEN NGUY THI• HONG THUY • THLC TRANG TRIEN KHAI BAO HIEM HANG HOA XNK • • VAN CHUYEN BANG DIONG BIEN TAI TONG CONG TY • • cd PHAN BAO HIEM BU'U DIEN (PTI) Chuyen nganh: Kinh te Bao hiem LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • Ngtroi hiring dan khoa hoc: TS PHAM THI DINH HA NOI - 2012 LO’I CAM DOAN Toi xin cam (Joan day la cong trinh nghien cmi doc lap cua toi So lieu dirge neu luan van la trung thirc va co trfch nguon Ket qua nghien ciru luan van la trung thirc va chira dirge cong bo bat ky cong trinh nghien cuu nao khac TAC GIA LUAN VAN LOI CAM ON Qua thoi gian nghien cuu ly luan va thuc te tac gia da hoan luan van thac sy kinh te vdi de tai: “Thuc trang trien khai bao hiem hang hoa van chuyen ctuong bien tai Tdng cong ty cd phan bao hiem Biru dien (PTI) Tac gia xin chan cam on TS Pham Thi Dinh da co nhung y kien dong gop de tac gia hoan thien bai viet cua minh Tac gia cung xin gui lbi cam on den cac thay co Khoa bao hiem da nhiet tinh giup tac gia chinh sua ve mat noi dung, hinh thuc, cau chu de tac gia hoan tot hon bai viet cua minh Trong qua trinh thuc hien khong tranh khdi nhung han che gap phai, vi vay tac gia rat mong nhan dupe y kien dong gop cua quy thay, co giao va ban doc de luan van dupe hoan thien hon Xin tran cam on! HaNoi,ngay thang nam2012 Tac gia Nguy Thj Hong Thuy MUC LUC • • LCH CAM DOAN LOI CAM ON DANH MUC CAC CHtT VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG, BIEU, HINH VE TOM TAT LUAN VAN CHUONG 1: KHAI QUAT CHUNG VE BAO HIEM HANG HOA XNK VAN CHUYEN DUONG BIEN 1.1 Sir can thiet cua BHHH XNK van chuyen bang duong bien 1.1.1 Van chuyen hang hoa bang duong bien 1.1.2 Rui ro van chuyen hang hoa bang duong bien 1.1.3 Sir can thiet khach quan BHH XNK van chuyen ducmg bien 1.1.4 Vai tro cua BHHH XNK van chuyen bang duong bien 1.2 Nhung noi dung co ban cua bao hiem hang hoa XNK van chuyen duong bien 1.2.1 Doi tupng bao hiem va pham vi bao hiem 1.2.2 Dieu kien bao hiem 1.2.3 Gia tri bao hiem, so tien bao hiem phi bao hiem 13 1.2.4 Hop dong bao hiem 15 1.2.5 Giam dinh va boi thubng ton that 17 1.3 Cac chi tieu danh gia ket qua va hieu qua kinh doanh cua nghiep vu 20 1.3.1 Chi tieu danh gia ket qua kinh doanh 20 1.3.2 Chi tieu danh gia hieu qua kinh doanh chung nghiep vu bao hiem .21 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG TRIEN KHAI BAO HIEM HANG HOA XNK VAN CHUYEN DUONG BIEN TAI PTI (2008-2011) 23 2.1 Gioi thieu ve Tong Cong ty co phan bao hiem Buu Dien (PTI) 23 2.1.1 Qua trinh hinh va phat trien 23 2.1.2 To chuc bo may cua PTI 26 2.1.3 Cac triet ly kinh doanh cua PTI 27 2.1.4 Ket qua hoat dong kinh doanh 31 2.2 Thue trang trien khai BHHH XNK van chuyen duong bien tai PTI 34 2.2.1 Cong tac khai thac 34 2.2.2 Cong tac giam dinh va boi thudng 61 2.2.3 Cong tac de phong va han che ton that 82 2.3 Ket qua va hieu qua kinh doanh chung cua nghiep vu BHHH XNK van chuyen duong bien tai PTI 84 CHlTONG 3: MOT SO Y KIEN DE XUAT NHAM HOAN THIEN VA PHAT TRIEN NGHIEP VU BHHH XNK VAN CHUYEN DLONG BIEN TAI PTI 86 3.1 Xu hudng phat trien cua thi trudng bao hiem hang hoa van chuyen duong bien thdi gian toi 86 3.2 Dinh hudng phat trien cua PTI 90 3.2.1 Thuan lqi va kho khan 90 3.2.3 Dinh hudng 96 3.3 Mot so y kien de xuat nham hoan thien va phat trien nghiep vu BHHH tai PTI 98 3.3.1 Ve mat nghiep vu 98 3.3.2 Ve mat quan ly 104 KET LUAN 107 TAI LIEU TH AM KHAO 108 DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT 7 y e PTI Tong cong ty co phan bao hiem Biru aien BHHH Bao hiem hang hoa XNK Xuat nhap khau Dvi Don vi VNPT Tap doan Buri chinh vien thong Viet Nam DN Doanh nghiep DANH MUC BANG, BIEU DO, SO DO Danh muc bang: Bang 2.1: Doanh thu bao hiem goc PTI giai doan 2008 - 2011 31 Bang 2.2: Doanh thu bao hiem goc cua PTI theo tirng nghiep vu giaidoan 2008 2011 32 Bang 2.3: Doanh thu bao hiem nhan tai qua cac nam giai doan 2008 - 2011 32 Bang 2.4: Phan nhom Cong ty cong tac khai thac tai PTI 34 Bang 2.5: Phan cap khai thac BHHH khai thac tai PTI 35 Bang 2.6: Tinh hinh tham gia BHHH XNK van chuyen duong bien d Viet Nam giai doan 2008 - 2011 53 Bang 2.7: Doanh thu phi BHHH XNK van chuyen duong bien tu 2008-2011 54 Bang 2.8: Phan nhom cong ty vien cong tac khai thac nghiep vu BHHH 58 Bang 2.9: Tinh hinh thuc hien ke hoach doanh thu khai thac BHHH XNK van chuyen duong bien cua PTI tu nam 2008-2011 .59 Bang 2.10: Phan cap giam dinh tai PTI 62 Bang 2.11 : Phan cap boi thudng BHHH tai PTI 65 Bang 2.12 : Chi phi giam dinh nghiep vu BHHH XNK van chuyen duong bien tai PTI giai doan 2008-201 79 Bang 2.13: Tinh hinh boi thudng cua nghiep vu BHHH XNK van chuyen bang duong bien cua PTI giai doan 2008-2011 80 Bang 2.14: Ti le boi thudng BHHH XNK van chuyen duong bien mot so doanh nghiep bao hiem giai doan 2008-2011 81 Bang 2.15: Ti le boi thudng nghiep vu BHHH XNK van chuyen duong bien tai PTI theo phan cap nghiep vu tu 2008 - 2011 82 Bang 2.16: Ket qua va hieu qua kinh doanh BHHH XNK van chuyen duong bien tai PTI giai doan 2008-2011 84 Bang 3.1: Co cau lao dong theo trinh hoc van 93 Danh muc bieu do, so’ do: Bieu 2.1: Thi phan theo doanh thu phi BH goc cua nghiep vu BHHH XNK van chuyen duong bien giai doan 2008-2011 56 Bi£u d6 2.2: Co cdu doanh thu phi BHHH XNK van chuyen duong bien tong doanh thu phi BHHH cua PTI giai doan 2008-2011 57 BiSu d6 2.3: So sanh doanh thu BHHH XNK van chuyen duong bien theo nhom phan cap khai thac tai PTI giai doan 2008-2011 60 So 2.1: Bo may to chuc cua PTI 26 So 2.2: Quy trinh khai thac phan cap cua don vi tai PTI 40 So 2.3: Quy trinh giam dinh BHHH tai PTI 67 So 2.4: Quy trinh boi thuong phan cap 69 I TRUONG DAI HQC KINH TE QUOC DAN -0O0—————— NGUY THI HONG THUY THtfC TRANG TRIEN KHAI BAO HIEM HANG HOA XNK • • VAN CHUYEN BANG DIONG BIEN TAI TONG CONG TY • • CO PHAN BAO HIEM BU'U DIEN (PTI) Chuyen nganh: Kinh te Bao hiem TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • • HANOI-2012 11 i [f i TOM TAT LUAN VAN PHAN MO DAU Sir can thiet cua de tai Thi trubng bao hiem Viet Nam nhung nam qua da co nhung buoc phat trien dang ke Su phat trien cua thi truong cung keo theo viec canh tranh cang gay gat, nhieu cong ty bao hiem moi lap, sir gia tang ve so luqng cac chi nhanh, phong giao dich moi, cac van de ve true lqi bao hiem, A < canh tranh thong qua giam phi hay chia hoa hong cho khach hang, che luong thudng cua nhan vien Cac van de that su dang dat cho cac nha quan ly doanh nghiep bao hiem nhung cau hoi khong de tra loi Tong Cong ty Co phan Bao hiem Buu dien (PTI) tien than la Cong ty Co phan Bao hiem Buu dien duqc duqc Bo Tai chinh cap Giay chung nhan du tieu chuan va dieu kien hoat dong kinh doanh bao hiem so 10/TC/GCN 18/06/1998 Ke tu di vao hoat dong den nay, PTI da dem den cho khach hang nhung san pham dich vu thiet thirc, co uy tin tren thi truong PTI thuc hien cung cap dich vu cho khach hang bao gom ca khach hang ca nhan va khach hang doanh nghiep hon 100 san pham bao hiem thuoc nhom san chinh: Bao hiem xe co gidi, Bao hiem ngubi, Bao hiem tai san thuat va Bao hiem hang hai Tir 30/6/2010, duqc sir chap thuan cua Bo Tai chinh, PTI chinh thuc chuyen doi sang mo hinh Tong cong ty Chi nhanh duqc chuyen doi cac cong ty vien true thuoc Su mb rong ve quy mo cung nhu muc tieu, chien luqc kinh doanh hoach dinh da va dang dat cho PTI nhung bai toan kho ve quan ly tren cac linh virc noi chung va theo tirng nhom nghiep vu bao hiem noi rieng, dac biet la nhom san pham Bao hiem hang hai, co nghiep vu Bao hiem hang hoa qua trinh van chuyen 94 3.2.2.2 Kho khan al Khung hoang kinh te La doanh nghiep ldn tren thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam, anh hudng chung cua tinh hinh kinh te nudc va the gidi hau khung hoang 2008 tac dong khong nhd tdi PTI b/ Canh tranh gay gat cua thi trudng Nam 2011, danh dau viec PTI trd doanh nghiep bao hiem phi nhan tho dung thu tren thi trudng Day la mot budc tien dang ghi nhan cua PTI Tuy nhien, khoang each giua PTI va cac don vi bao hiem dan dau nhu Bao Viet, Bao Minh PJCO, PVI van rat ldn, hien cac 04 doanh nghiep nhin chung chiem tong thi phan 50%, lai 23 doanh nghiep bao hiem phi nhan tho khac chiem dudi 50%, thi phan cua PTI nhin chung chi xap xi 4%, mot so rat khiem ton Chinh vi vay, de thu hep duoc khoang each la mot thach thuc doi vdi PTI ma 04 doanh nghiep dan dau da dat duoc vi tri kha on dinh va dan di vao phat trien hieu qua c/ He thong phan phoi hoat dong chua hieu qua Tuy PTI cd he thdng phan phoi rong khap ca nudc, nhien viec trien khai xay dung he thdng dai ly cua PTI cham hon so vdi mot sd doanh nghiep tren thi trudng nhu: Bao Viet, Bao Minh, PVI va Pjico, nhung hien danh sach dai ly cua PTI hien cung da phu khap cac tinh tren moi mien dat nudc Tuy sd luong dai ly la kha nhieu, song chat luong va hieu qua hoat dong lai chua cao doanh thu phi bao hiem so vdi mot sd DNBH khac thap hon rat nhieu Nguyen nhan la PTI chua thuc su chua tdi khau dao tao ky nang, chuyen mon cho doi ngu nhan vien, tu van bao hiem Cd dao tao thi chi tap trung d khu vuc Tdng Cong ty, cac chi nhanh thi chua duoc quan tarn nhieu Hon nua chi phi danh cho viec dao tao rat han hep, vi the chua nang cao duoc chat luong he thdng dai ly cua doanh nghiep Hon ntra, vdi mang ludi phan phoi rong khap, la mot the manh de PTI phat trien theo hinh thuc ban le Trong do, nguon khach hang ldn va thudng xuyen cua nghiep vu BHHH VC dudng bien la nhung co quan, to chuc ldn nen viec trien khai theo he thdng phan phoi va nghiep vu chua hd tro dupe cho do 95 doanh thu BHHH VC dudng bien chi tap trung d mot so don vi ldn nhu Thang Long, Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh, Sai Gon tai cac ldn d/ Cdng tac dao tao va phat trien ngudn nhan luc cdn han che Cac chuong trinh dao tao duoc thuc hien kha thudng xuyen d Tdng Cdng ty, nhung d cac chi nhanh lai rat han che, nguyen nhan la cac chi phi thudng lai duoc phan bo cho cac hoat dong khac d cac chi nhanh Hon nua, chi phi chi cho dao tao cung chiem ty le rat thap so vdi doanh thu va dao tao chi dung lai d muc dao tao co ban, vi the chat luong dao tao doi ngu can bo chua thuc su hieu qua Hien nay, doi ngu can bo cua PTI cung kha dong dao, nhien nhung can bo co trinh chuyen mon nghiep vu cao lai thieu, dac biet la thieu nhung nhan cd the anh huong ldn toi chat luong san pham bao hiem, do kha nang canh tranh cua doanh nghiep cung se bi suy giam Hon nua, d PTI co tinh trang la mot sd can bo lam viec lau nam va cd hieu qua sau mot thdi gian khai thac da len lam quan ly, do bo may quan ly moi mot tang len, bo phan khai thac lai phai tuyen dung moi va dao tao lai, do se lam ton kern rat nhieu ve chi phi va thdi gian Dong thdi, doi ngu can bo moi duqc tuyen dung co the se gap nhieu kho khan kinh doanh vi thieu kinh nghiem thi trudng va han che ve cac moi quan he Dieu se anh huong true tiep toi van de khai thac hop dong cua DNBH, lam giam kha nang canh tranh cua PTI so vdi cac DNBH khac tren thi trudng PTI cung phai ddi mat vdi tinh trang “chay mau chat xam”, la cac can bo co chuyen mon va kinh nghiem cua minh chay sang cac DNBH khac lam viec Nhung can bo la ngudn luc vo cung quan ddi vdi doanh nghiep gop phan ldn tao str thang lqi cho moi doanh nghiep Khi DNBH mat di nhung can bo gidi cung dong nghia vdi viec DNBH lam giam di kha nang canh tranh cua Chat luong san pham dich vu bao hiem duqc the hien thdng qua khau giam dinh, boi thudng ton that cua moi DNBH Hien nay, PTI dang thieu cac can bo lam khau giam dinh ton that, dac biet la cac ton that ldn, cd tinh chat phuc tap vi 96 the thoi gian giai quyet boi thuong cung bi chain lai, anh hudng toi chat luong san pham dich vu cua Tong Cong ty Trong do, cac DNBH phi nhan tho hang dau Viet Nam nhu Bao Viet Viet Nam va Bao Minh dang tao duoc uy tin rat tot doi voi khach hang, thuc hien tot khau giam dinh boi thuong ton that, voi thoi gian nhanh chong va kip thoi Chat luong khau giam dinh boi thuong quyet dinh toi chat luong cua san pham, tu anh hudng toi kha nang canh tranh cua PTI nhung nam qua Tuy nhien, hien PTI cung da chu nhieu hon cong tac dao tao nguon nhan luc lam cong viec giam dinh ton that, bang cach gui mot so sang nuoc ngoai de hoc tap, dong thoi dang tiep tuc tuyen dung them can bo lam viec bo phan - Chua khai thac het tiem nang cua cac doi tac khach hang Hien nay, doanh thu BHHH VC duong bien nganh VNPT chua nhieu, nguyen nhan chinh la thoi quen mua CIF ban FOB (mua tai cang den va ban tai cang di) hoat dong ngoai thuong tap doan VNPT Day la mot kenh khai thac rat tiem nang cua PTI nhung chua duoc chu de thuc day Hon nua, PTI co nguon thong tin ve cac khach hang lon va tiem nang cho BHHH VC duong bien, nhien viec to chuc thuc hien tiep can va ban bao hiem duoc cho nhung khach hang chua hieu qua Thuc te thi hang nam Tong cong ty deu gui danh sach nhung khach hang tiem nang cho tung don vi de to chuc thuc hien, nhien chi mot so it don vi tiep can va khai thac duoc nguon khach hang Nguyen chinh la viec to chuc thuc hien chua duoc sau sat va co ke hoach cu the 3.2.3 Dinh hirorng Dinh huong phat trien cua PTI la “Tang trudng - Hieu qua va Phat trien ben vung” Can cu theo dinh huong phat trien chung do, PTI dat muc tieu, dinh huong kinh doanh cu the nhu sau: 97 Muc tieu kinh doanh + Doanh thu: - Phat trien manh cac nghiep vu ban le - Duy tri vi tri thu ve doanh thu tren thi truong bao hiem phi nhan tho va phan dau dat vi tri thu vao nam 2015 - Duy tri toc tang trudng tot, rieng nam 2012, doanh thu bao hiem goc dat 1,500 ti dong, tang truong 42% Trong do, nghiep vu bao hiem hang hoa dat doanh thu 80 ti dong, tang truong 31%, rieng bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau van chuyen duong bien dat 41 ti dong va tri toc tang binh quan den 2020 la 15 — 20% + Boi thudng: - Xay dung ti le bdi muc tieu thudng chung cua PTI va ttrng nghiep vu theo tung nam - Duy tri ti le bdi thudng theo ti le bdi thudng chung cua PTI, doi vdi nam 2012 la 41.3%, BHHH XNK doi vdi hang rdi la 50%; hang khac la 25% Dinh hudng kinh doanh + Dinh hudng tang trudng doanh thu: tap trung phat trien cac san pham ban le Uu tien phat trien cac san pham cd hieu qua nghiep vu cao Doi vdi bao hiem hang hoa tap trung tang trudng va phat trien hang hoa van chuyen noi dia uu tien cac mat hang ddng container + Dia ban khai thac: uu tien phat trien tai cac dia ban cd dung luong thi trudng ldn + Kenh khai thac: tap trung phat trien kenh khai thac qua VNPOST, ngan hang Ngoai ra, day manh khai thac qua kenh moi gidi, tap trung xay dung va cung cd cac dau moi chuyen trach tai Hd Chi Minh va Ha Noi + Md rong mang ludi: lap them cong ty vien + Cong tac quan ly dich vu sau ban hang: to chuc tot quy trinh giam dinh bdi thudng giua cac bo phan kinh doanh - giam dinh - bdi thudng - ke toan de giam thieu thdi gian giai quyet bdi thudng va kiem soat viec true loi bao hiem Nang cao nang luc cua can bo nghiep vu, giam dinh 98 + Tang cudng cong tac quan tri doanh nghiep: cac don vi to chuc sap xep bo may hop ly dam bao tuan thu cac quy trinh ve quan ly nghiep vu, dac biet quan tarn den cong tac bao tai, xir ly kip thdi hop dong qua han toan de giam thieu thiet hai 3.3 Mot so y kien de xuat nham hoan thien va phat trien nghiep vu BHHH tai PTI 3.3.1 Ve mat nghiep vu 3.3.1.1 Cong tac khai thac va dich vu cham soc khach hang Trudc sue ep canh tranh tu phia cac cdng ty bao hiem khac, thi phan cua PTI se bi san se, nen Tdng cdng ty can phai tim kiem them khach hang cho minh Sir an toan hoat dong bao hiem phu thuoc vao sd phi thu duoc, ma sd phi thu duoc lai phu thuoc vao kha nang khai thac cua cac dai ly va cac chinh sach khach hang Chinh sach khach hang tai PTI nen duoc chu thuc hien nhu sau: - Hang nam, hang quy cdng ty cd the to chuc hoi nghi khach hang Day la dip tot de cdng ty tao nen an tuong cua minh vdi khach hang Ngoai cdn giup gop phan han che rui ro kinh doanh - Phan loai khach hang thudng xuyen de co nhung chinh sach thich hop, khuyen khich, uu dai khach hang ve phia cd uu tien ddi vdi nhung khach hang ldn va khach hang truyen thdng cua cdng ty - Tuyen truyen bien chinh sach khach hang den tat ca cac nhan vien cdng ty, co quy trinh ve trach nhiem, co so ket, cd de xuat vdi lanh dao, de dua cdng tac khach hang khong ngung phat trien ve chat luong phuc vu - Lam tot cdng tac giam dinh va boi thudng: day chinh la mot khau quan de lam tot cdng tac cham soc khach hang - Ngoai ra, ddi vdi nghiep vu BHHH noi chung, BHHH XNK van chuyen dudng bien van chua dupe chu den cdng tac truyen thdng, tuyen truyen hinh anh de tao thuong hieu hoac co cac chuong trinh thuc day ban hang Ve diem nay, PTI can nghien cuu dua chuong trinh truyen thdng va hoc tap kinh nghiem cac doanh nghiep bao hiem khac tren thi trudng nhu Cdng ty bao hiem Chartis Viet Nam - tao uy tin bang uu the ve phan mem cap don true tuyen cho bao hiem hang hoa; Cdng ty cd phan Bao hiem Quan doi MIC dua chuong trinh khuyen mai 99 mua san pham bao hiem hang hoa - Dua ke hoach cu the cho viec thuyet phuc khach hang ngoai tap doan va dac biet tap doan VNPT chuyen doi dieu kien tu CIF sang FOB, khuyen khich ho xuat khau theo gia CIF va nhap theo gia duoc dat doi voi FOB Hang nam chung ta van phai chap nhan mot khdi luong khong 16 hang hoa xuat nhap khau cua chung ta tham gia bao hiem b cac cong ty nuoc ngoai Mat khac, khach hang luon mong muon duoc boi thuong ton that xay hang hoa Do do,can lam tot khau tu van trubc ban hang Thu nhat: Luc ky hop dong, can bo khai thac can phai dua tren tinh chat, dac diem cua hang, each dong goi bao bi, each thuc xep hang tren tau, kha nang xay cac rui ro de tu van dieu kien thich hop cho khach hang Vi du: - Cac mat hang nhu quang, go, sat, thep, xang dau chi can bao hiem theo dieu kien C - Loai hang duoc van chuyen tren boong tau va loai hang cong kenh nhu sat thanh, go tron, than da, bot va bap nen duoc bao hiem theo dieu kien B - Cac mat hang quy co gia tri cao, de vo, nhu hang dien tu, hang de hu thieu hut nhu thuoc men, gao, lua my, dubng, hoa chat, phan bon phai bao hiem theo dieu kien A Ngoai mot so loai hang khong nhat thiet phai mua bao hiem theo dieu kien A ma co the mua ban hanh theo dieu kien C hay B roi mua bao hiem them mot so rui ro phu hay xay doi vbi hang Vi du: - Bong tho: dieu kien A cong vbi dieu khoan hu hong tu noi xuat xu nhu hu hong gay mua, bun truoc gitr hang - Than: dac tinh de bat lua va tu boc chay, ngubi duoc bao hiem nen mua dieu kien bao hiem C va cong them dieu kien bao hiem nong Neu trom cap hay xay tren hanh trinh, khach hang co the mua them rui ro trom cap, khong giao hang Thu hai: can hubng dan khach hang lap nhung chung tu can thiet chung minh ton that va khieu nai ngubi thu ba de dam bao quyen duoc boi thubng cua khach hang 100 Thu ba: Lam tot cong tac truyen thong de tao dung thuong hieu, truong hop chap nhan boi thuong can giai quyet nhanh chong va chu dao voi khach hang; tu choi can co cach tu choi kheo leo de khong lam mat khach hang - Muc phi bao hiem: Nhu chung ta da biet san pham bao hiem la mot loai hinh dich vu dac biet la mot co che chuyen giao rui ro voi dac tinh la co hieu qua re dich va co chu trinh kinh doanh dao nguoc Vi the nguoi mua kho nhan biet ve loi ich kinh doanh cua no, ho thuong quan tam toi muc phi (gia ca cua san pham bao hiem) Phi bao hiem khong the qua cao lam cho khach hang tham gia bao hiem d cong ty khac, nhung cung khong duoc qua thap vi phai du de boi thuong cac khieu nai du tinh suot thoi gian bao hiem va trang trai cac chi phi nhu: hoa hong, chi phi quan ly, trich lap du phong nghiep vu, Tong cong ty can phai co nhung chinh sach giam phi cho nhung khach hang truyen thong, co kim ngach bao hiem lon Phi bao hiem can phai duoc xay dung tren co sd thong ke rui ro, ton that qua cac nam tu xac dinh duoc phi thuan, sau cong them mot so chi phi nhu: chi phi ky ket hop dong, chi phi quan ly Ta se duoc phi thuong mai De co muc phi hop ly cong ty phai can cu vao mot so yeu to thi truong, khach hang, doi thu canh tranh roi sau moi dua duoc bieu phi cho khach hang Ngoai Cong ty can phai thuong xuyen theo doi anh hudng cua muc phi den tam ly khach hang cung nhu su tuong quan voi muc phi cua cac cong ty khac de co su dieu chinh kip thoi 3.3.1.2 Ve cong tac phong, han che ton that Voi nhung dac diem cua minh, van tai duong bien thuong gap phai rat nhieu rui ro bat nguon tu nhieu nguyen nhan khac Vi the, de cong tac de phong, han che ton that co hieu qua thi cong tac can duoc thuc hien tu xep hang len tau va tiep tuc tri suot hanh trinh cho den hang tai cang den Hien viec de phdng han che ton that dang duoc cong ty thuc hien bang cach chi dinh mot cong ty khac cua bao hiem tai ben cang hoac thuoc don vi chuyen trach tien hanh qua trinh boc xep hang hoa len, xuong tau nham ngan chan nhung cong nhan boc xep khong lam dung quy cach hoac dung phuong tien khong thich hop viec boc xep hang hoa 101 Ddi vdi ludng van chuydn, tung chuyen hanh trinh cAn vSn nghien cuu ky nhung dac diem cua cang di, cang den, cang chuyen tai, cang lanh nan (neu co), nhung rui ro co the xay Dong thdi vdi cac tau van chuyen cho tung chuyen hang, cong ty cung can xem xet, tim hieu cac dac tinh nhu cap han tau, tuoi tau cu han tau, chu tau Tren cu sd phdng hang hai se lap ban huung dan ddi vdi nhung khach hang mua bao hiem cho hang hoa xuat nhap khau bao gom: Mot ban chung ap dung cho tat ca nhung khach hang ghi thdng tin ve tat ca cac dac diem cua tung van chuyen, tung nhom tau kern theo la ldi khuyen nen chon nhom tau nao va bien phap cho viec phdng tranh rui ro Mot ban khac se duoc su dung tung trudng hop cu the ddi vdi tung khach hang va hup dong cu the tren phan tich cac dac tinh cua tau, cua lo hang tham gia bao hiem va kem theo cac khuyen cao ve phdng tranh rui ro, ton that Thuc hien viec tu van tot cho chu hang viec lua chon phuung tien van chuyen se la mot each hieu qua de tao dung niem tin tu khach hang va cung la bien phap de phdng & han che ton that Ben canh cdng ty cung len tham muu cho khach hang ve cac mat: dieu kien bao hiem tot nhat, chat luung hang, bao bi dong goi, dieu kien boc dd dong goi, tinh trang tau, tinh trang tai chinh cua tau Neu nhu lo hang cd gia tri ldn, sd luong nhieu, chiem mot khoang khong gian dang ke ham tau thi chu hang nen de nghi chu tau tien hanh viec nang hang va cham soc hang tu dau Trong trudng hup khach hang ldn, thudng xuyen tien hanh xuat nhap khau va hay boc dd tai mot cang nao thi cdng ty cung nen de khuyen cao khach hang can cd de xuat vdi cang chap nhan phuong an sau Neu mot thdi gian nhat dinh (cd the la mot quy hoac mot nam) Cac lo hang hoa xuat nhap khau qua trinh boc xep khong may xay mat mat, hao hut, tra lai hoac xay nhung vdi dieu kien nho hun muc an dinh thi cung se duoc thudng mot khoan tien tuong xung Cdn neu nguuc lai thi cac gia tri ton that xay vuut qua muc cho phep thi cang phai tra cho chu hang mot sd tien ty le vdi gia tri ton that Bang each se nang cao duuc trach nhiem cua cang doi vdi hang hoa, qua cd the giam duoc dang ke 102 cac ton that hoc va xep hang 3.3.1.3 Ve cdng tac giam dinh Qua so lieu tong ket cua cong ty thoi gian gan day ta thay khoan chi cho giam dinh hang hoa tang len Dieu co the ly giai la nhtrng nam dau so vu ton that it nen hau het cac vu deu can bo cua Cong ty hoac cua Tong cong ty giam dinh Song cang ve sau so vu ton that cang tang len theo so luong hpp dong so luong can bo phdng hang hai cua PTI la qua mong, lai phai dam duong tat ca cac khau tu khai thac den bdi thudng nhieu nghiep vu: bao hiem, tau bien, bao hiem tau pha song bien, dong thoi tinh chat phtrc tap cua ton that cung tang len vi the cdng ty phai thue cac chuyen gia giam dinh co uy tin de thuc hien Do da lam chi phi giam dinh tang len De tang cudng chat luong cdng tac giam dinh dong thoi dam bao tiet kiem chi phi, mot mat cdng ty can phai khong ngung dao tao nang cao trinh cho can bo giam dinh, mat khac nen de chuyen mon hoa khau giam dinh bang each mdi can bo phdng hang hai chiu trach nhiem giam dinh cho mot sd mat hang cu the nao Cd nhu vay thi mdi co the di sau nghien cuu va chuyen mon hoa linh vuc cua minh de nham han che bdt cac chi phi phat sinh va nang cao hieu suat cua cdng viec 3.3.2.5 Cdng tac bdi thicdng: Hieu qua cdng tac bdi thudng phu thuoc rat ldn vao viec trien khai cac bien phap de phdng, han che ton that va don gian hoa cac thu tuc qua trinh xet giai quyet khieu nai, ddi bdi thudng Vi the, de nang cao chat luong cdng tac nay, Tdng cdng ty va Cdng ty khong chi can lam tot cac yeu td tren ma phai cd nhung bien phap ngan ngtra nhung gian lan cd the xay qua trinh khieu nai ddi bdi thudng De ngan ngira nhung gian lan cd the xay ton that xem xet khieu nai dbi boi thudng ton that, cong ty can tim hieu va xac dinh ro cac ton that Kinh nghiem thuc te va trinh chuyen mon cua cac can bo cua cdng ty nen de nhung chuan bo phong hang hai cua Tdng cong ty Mat khac, tdng cdng ty cung can de nhung yeu cau ddi vdi khach hang ve tinh than trung thuc cung nhu thien chi ky ket hpp dong, dac biet la ddi vdi nhung khach hang mdi Neu ho vi pham nhung thoa 103 thuan thi cong ty co the xu- phat theo muc nang nhe Co thuc hien duoc nhu tren thi moi tao duoc nhung hieu qua thiet thuc viec ngan ngira gian lan bao hiem hang hoa xuat nhap khau chuyen cho bang dudng bien, tir gop phan nang cao chat luong cong tac giai quyet khieu nai boi thuong cua Cong ty cung nhu Tong cong ty 3.3.1.4 Chuang trinh tai bao hiem Tai bao hiem cung la mot cong viec quan trong cac nghiep vu bao hiem, neu cac cong ty bao hiem tinh toan dung cac phuong thuc va ty le tai khong nhung se giup cho Tong cong ty tranh duoc pha san co ton that qua Ion xay ma giup cho Tdng cong ty tang loi nhuan Can chu y mot so van de sau: - Tap trung hudng dan giup lanh dao, can bo nghiep vu ke toan, thdng ke cua cac dia phuong nam vung noi dung cac chuong trinh tai, ty le nhuqng tai, thu hoa hong nhupng tai - Thdng bao kip thdi tinh hinh tai cho cac don vi de lam co sd tinh toan hieu qua - Tang cudng trach nhiem cua phdng tai ve doi bdi thudng hoa hong tu tai bao hiem Doi vdi nghiep vu BHHH XNK noi chung, gia tri cua lo hang dupe bao hiem thudng rat ldn do viec lam tot chuong trinh tai bao hiem se giup PTI co du nang lire nhan nhung dich vu bao hiem ldn Hien nay, ngoai quan he hop tac tai bao hiem nudc vdi Vinare, PTI cd hop ddng tai cd dinh vdi cac nha tai nudc ngoai hang dau cd uy tin nhu Swiss Re, CCR theo sau cac nha tai dung dau cd cac nha tai nudc ngoai khac de nang cao nang lire hop ddng tai Tuy nhien muc tieu tang trudng doanh thu, nen cd nhieu dich vu rui ro cao, PTI van phai thirc hien dam phan vdi cac nha tai de md rong hop ddng tai cd dinh va dan den ti le bdi thudng tang cao Nhieu nha tai sau mot thdi gian hoat dong da khong man ma vdi thi trudng bao hiem d Viet Nam noi chung cd PTI Chinh vi vay, PTI can dinh hudng rd rang muc tieu tang trudng doanh thu mot each hieu qua de chon loc rui ro bao hiem, khong gay mat uy tin tren thi trudng tai cung nhu dam bao muc tieu phat trien hieu qua cua PTI 104 3.3.2 Ve mat quan ly 3.3.2.1 Cdng tac quan ly dan vi PTI da thuc hien phan cap khai thac, giam dinh & boi thudng cho don vi, hien nay, viec thuc hien quy trinh phan cap khai thac, giam dinh & boi thudng mac du nhin chung dat ket qua to nhung van can phai tang cudng cdng tac quan ly va dao tao de: - Nang cao nang luc, trinh chuyen mon cua don vi Nghiep vu BHHHVC dudng bien la loai hinh phuc tap, lien quan nhieu den luat phap qudc te va cac cdng udc, tap quan ngoai thuong Do do, doi hoi phai lam tot cdng tac dao tao, kiem tra de dam bao ngudn luc ngudi va nang cao nang luc tung don vi - Nang cao nang luc quan ly cua can bo chuyen quan tai Tdng cdng ty Hien nay, Ban Hang hai - Van phong tdng cdng ty dang thuc hien viec phan chia quan ly ve nghiep vu hang hai noi chung cho tung can bo nghiep vu ban Day la nghiep vu phuc tap nen cac can bo nghiep vu can phai cd trinh chuyen mon cao va cd kinh nghiem quan ly don vi r r 3.3.2.2 Cdng tac ke hoach, thdng ke - Hang nam, PTI de thuc hien xay dung cac ke hoach kinh doanh cho tung nam cho tung don vi vdi chi tieu ve doanh thu, loi nhuan, ti le boi thudng rd rang Viec xay dung can cu theo ke hoach phat trien cua toan he thdng PTI, tinh hinh khai thac, boi thudng cac nam trudc cua don vi, tinh hinh chung thi trudng Cac don vi duqc phep dang ky ve Tdng cdng ty doanh thu, ti le boi thudng ke hoach cua nam tiep theo, Tdng cdng ty se xem xet va phe duyet Tuy nhien, viec dang ky cua don vi thudng thap hon muc tieu kinh doanh cua Tdng cdng ty dat rat nhieu, ket qua la don vi thudng phai nang muc tieu kinh doanh da dang ky len cho phu hqp vdi muc tieu cua Tdng cdng ty nhung khong dam bao duqc viec hoan 100% ke hoach duqc giao De khac phuc tinh trang nay, PTI can lam tot cong tac ke hoach, xay dung ke hoach phai bam sat thuc te thi trudng va nang luc cua tung don vi Ngoai ra, chi tieu ve doanh thu, lqi nhuan, ti le boi thudng va cong no duqc xay dung boi Tdng cdng ty can dam bao tinh tuong quan, tinh kha thi Day la nhung ty le cd xu huong phat trien nguqc vdi nhau, doanh thu cao thi ti le boi thudng se xau 105 va cong no se cao - Hien nay, PTI da su dung phan mem VDC de quan ly cac he thong bao cao, thong ke Tuy nhien, phan mem moi duoc sir dung va van chua hoan thien dac biet doi vdi nghiep vu BHHH noi chung vi du nhu: van chua cap dupe don online nen giam tinh canh tranh nghiep vu so vdi cac doanh nghiep bao hiem khac; he thdng bao cao so sai, kho su dung Hon nua, vi?c dao tao can bo vi§c su dung phan mem chua cd he thdng va cap nen cac can bo chua nam rd each su dung va do khong tan dung het tinh nang Vi vay, PTI can xay dung tai lieu dao tao va thuc hien dao tao cho can bo, nhan vien su dung thao phan mem, giam thieu cong viec luu tru, thdng ke, bao cao giay to de nang cao nang suat lao dong 3.3.2.3 Cong tac tai chinh ke toan - Cong tac tai chinh ke toan da thuc hien tren phan mem quan ly tai chinh ke toan, nhien tuong tu nhu cong tac thdng ke, viec su dung phan mem can dupe dao tao va bien cu the, rd rang hon - Tang cudng cong tac kiem tra quan ly tai chinh, hudng dan chi tieu phu hop tdi su doi moi cua Tdng cong ty Hudng dan cac bien phap tiet kiem chi phi quan ly 3.3.2.4 Tuyen dung va nang cao chat luang nhan su: Su cong cua viec kinh doanh bao hiem phu thuoc phan ldn vao trinh nghiep vu cua cac can bo Tdng cong ty noi chung va tung don vi noi rieng Cac can bo tung cong ty can phai am hieu tuong tan cac nghiep vu bao hiem, cac dieu luat lien quan va cd kha nang phan tich moi dieu khoan cua cac bo luat, cac van ban chuyen nganh va cac van ban lien quan phuc vu cho cong viec nhu: phan tich cho khach hang nhung thac mac cua ho, giai quyet cac yeu cau cua khach hang dung luat, tao nen uy tin khach hang ve dpi ngu nhan vien am hieu ve nghiep vu va cac van de co lien quan - Bd sung them kien thuc cho nhan vien toan cong ty ve cac linh vuc nhu: tin hoc, ngoai ngu, cong nghe mdi cac nganh Cong ty can kiem tra dinh ky cac nhan vien cua minh ve ky nang nghiep vu cua ho nham sap xep cong viec phu hop cho nhan vien cua minh tao nang suat va hieu qua lam viec cao nhat Dac 106 biet, nghiep vu BHHH XNK van chuyen duang bien thuang lien quan nhieu den dieu kien, dieu khoan bang tieng Anh, nen viec dao tao, bo sung them trinh ngoai ngu cho cac can bo nghiep vu la het sue can thiet PTI can chu han cong tac neu muon xay dung doi ngu can bo cot can va lam viec co hieu qua, trinh chuyen mon cao - Cong ty nen co che khen thuang hap ly doi vai nhung nhan vien co tich tot cong tac, phai phe binh nghiem khac doi vai cac nhan vien vi pham cac quy che cua cong ty, cua Tong cong ty Cong ty co the to chuc mot buoi hop khen thuang va phe binh, dieu la rat tot vi nhu the se thuc day cac nhan vien lam viec tot han de dat duac nhung tich tot cong viec Ngoai ra, viec ma ca hoi thang tien a PTI cung la dong luc de can bo lau nam va co tich tot gan bo vai PTI - Tong cong ty va Cong ty can dat che thi tuyen nhan vien rong rai khap toan quoc nham thu hut nguai tai, co nang luc ve lam viec Tong cong ty, Cong ty Tuy nhien, viec thi tuyen can dan gian ve thu tuc hanh chinh de de thu hut duac nhung nguai co nang luc Viec to chuc thi qua nhieu vong va phuc tap de dan den tam ly e ngai cua nguai du thi, dac biet la nhung nguai co nang luc lam viec tot va da co kinh nghiem lam viec lau nam - Cong ty can to chuc cac lop boi duong nang cao trinh moi mat, cap nhat thuang xuyen cac kien thuc thong tin cho can bo To chuc cac lap huan luyen nghiep vu cho nhan vien giup ho theo kip yeu cau cua cong tac mai 107 KET LUAN • Dudi tac dong cua khung hoang kinh te, nghiep vu BHHH XNK van chuyen dudng bien noi rieng va bao hiem noi chung deu chiu nhieu anh hudng xau Viec suy giam kim ngach xuat nhap khau va kho khan cua thi trudng van tai bien dudi tac dong cua khung hoang kinh te la nguyen nhan chinh dan thi kho khan trien khai nghiep vu BHHH XNK van chuyen dudng bien PTI cung chiu anh hudng cua “vong xoay” Nghiep vu BHHH XNK van chuyen dudng bien da dupe trien khai tu rat sdm tai PTI, la mot 05 doanh nghiep bao hiem phi nhan tho dan dau thi trudng Viet Nam, nhung thi phan bao hiem cua nghiep vu each tuong ddi xa so vdi 04 doanh nghiep lai, nguyen nhan chinh nghiep vu BHHH XNK van chuyen dudng bien da duoc 04 doanh nghiep phat trien trudc PTI kha lau va da dan di vao hoat dong on dinh, co hieu qua, ngoai ra, dinh hudng phat trien cua PTI tap trung phat trien vao thi trudng ban le nen viec phat trien nghiep vu gap nhieu kho khan Tuy nhien, tinh tir 2008 den nay, PTI da phat trien dupe nghiep vu BHHH XNK van chuyen dudng bien dam bao su tang trudng theo quy mo cua PTI dong thdi dan dan tap trung vao hudng phat trien co hieu qua Day la chien lupc kha phu hpp cho PTI vdi dinh hudng trd doanh nghiep bao hiem cd he thong ban le dan dau thi trudng bao hiem phi nhan tho 108 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO TIENG VIET Nguyen Van Dinh (2010), Giao trinh bao hiem, Nha xuat ban Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan Nguyen Van Dinh (2004), Giao trinh Quan tri kinh doanh bao hiem, Nha xuat ban thong ke Hiep hoi Bao hi6m Viet Nam (2008,2009,2010,2011,2012), Sd lieu thi trudng bao hiem Viet Nam Tong cong ty Co phan bao hiem Buu dien (2008,2009,2010,2011,2012), Tai lieu hop Dai hoi cd dong thudng nien Tap chi Hang hai TIENG ANH Insurance Principle and Practice TRANG WEB Website cua Tong cong ty co phan bao hiem buu dien: http://www.pti.com.vn Website cua Hiep hoi bao hiem Viet Nam: http://www.avi.com.vn Website cua Tong cue hai quan: http://www.customs.gov.vn Website cua Tong cue thong ke: http://www.gso.gov.vn Website cua Web Bao hiem: http://www.webbaohiem.net