Phát triển dịch vụ vận tải đường sắt ở việt nam

TOUJ’OAGi BAI HOC KINH TE QUOC dAn LU -a DOAN DUY TAN f^~HQC~KTQD ] \TTTHdNGTJNTHirvify LfJlONG LUAN AN ■ TU UEUj PHAT TRiEN D|CH VU VAN TAI DitiNG SAT d VIE■ TNAM ChuySn ngdnh: KINH TE* CHiNH TR| LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE ■ ■ w Ngtfdi hito'ng dan khoa hoc: PGS.TS MAI HtfU THI/C HA Noi - 2010 MUC LUC • • DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG BIEU, HINH VE TOM TAT LUAN VAN PHAN MO DAU CHVO’NG 1: NHU’NG VAN DE LY LUAN VA THUC TIEN VE PHAT TRIEN DICH VU VAN TAI DUONG SAT VIET NAM 1.1 NHU’NG VAN DE CO BAN VE DICH VU VA DICH VU VTDS 1.1.1 Dich vu, dac diem dich vu va phan loai dich vu 1.1.2 Dich vu van tai duong sat: Khai niem, dac diem va cac loai dich vu VTDS .11 1.2 CAC NHAN TO ANH HUONG VA SU CAN THIET PHAT TRIEN DICH VU VAN TAI DUONG SAT 18 1.2.1 Cac nhan to anh huong den phat trien dich vu van tai duong sat 18 1.2.2 Sir can thiet phat trien dich vu van tai duong sat hien 22 1.3 KINH NGHIEM CUA MOT SO NUOC VE PHAT TRIEN DICH VU VAN TAI DUONG SAT 24 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem cua cac quoc gia .24 1.3.2 Bai hoc kinh nghiem rut vdi phat trien dich vu van tai duong sat cua Viet Nam .31 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG PHAT TRIEN CUA DICH VU VAN TAI DUONG SAT VIET NAM HIEN NAY 32 2.1 QUA TRINH HINH THANH, PHAT TRIEN NGANH DUONG SAT VIET NAM 32 2.1.1 Lich su hinh va phat trien cua Tong cong ty duong sat Viet Nam .32 2.1.2 Nhiem vu, quyen han cua Tong cong ty duong sat Viet Nam 33 2.1.3 Mo hinh to chuc khdi lien quan den dich vu van tai cua Tong cong ty duong sat Viet Nam 35 2.2 THUC TRANG PHAT TRIEN DICH VU VAN TAI DUONG SAT TRONG THOI GIAN QUA 38 2.2.1 Thue trang co so vat chat ky thuat, cong nghe va nang luc tai chinh .38 2.2.2 Tinh hinh kinh doanh va thi truong van tai duong sat 48 2.2.3 Thuc hien chat luqng dich vu van tai duang sat thoi gian vUa qua 55 2.3 DANH GIA CHUNG VE PHAT TTREN DICH VU VAN TAI DU'ONG SAT TRONG THNI GIAN QUA 62 2.3.1 Nhung tuu dat duoc 62 Nhung ton tai, han che 65 2.3.3 Nguyen nhan cua nhung ton tai, han che 66 CHLONG 3: PHUONG HUONG VA NHUNG GIAI PHAP CHU YEU NHAM PHAT TRIEN DICH VU VAN TAI DUONG SAT VIET NAIM 68 3.1 PHUONG HUONG PHAT TRIEN DICH vu VAN TAI DUONG SAT TRONG THOI GIAN TOI 68 3.1.1 Dinh huong phCt trien cua nganh duong sat den nam 2020 va tarn nhin 2050 68 3.1.2 Muc tieu phat trien 69 3.2 cCc c iai p hHp phHt trRn N ICC hv vva nai d D’UNN GAT VIET TNM 71 3.2.1 Tung buoc hien dai hoa co so vat chat ky thuat va cong nghe 71 3.2.2 Hoan thien to chuc va quan ly 75 3.2.3 Nang cao chat luqng doi ngu can bo cong nhan vien nganh duong sat 76 3.2.4 Da dang hoa loai hinh dich vu van tai duong sat 77 3.2.5 Nang cao chat luang dich vu van tai duong sat 82 3.2.6 Day mmnh conn tac t iep thi, qqang cao 90 3.2.7.Cai tien cCc the che phuc vu dich vu van tai duong sat 92 3.3 MOT SO KIEN NNGI NNHm TTH’C HIEN KIIA TTI CCC GIAI PPHP 93 KET LUAN 96 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 98 DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT CNH Cong nhiep hoa DS Duong sat DSVN Duong sat Viet Nam DSCT Duong sat cao toe Tong san pham quoc noi (viet tat cua cu ttr: Gross Domestic GDP Product) GTVT Giao thong van tai HDH Hien dai hoa ICD Cang can ICE Tau cao toe cua Due KFW Ngan hang phat trien quoc doanh Due KTXH Kinh te xa hoi METRO Tau dien ngam Ho tro phat trien chinh thuc (viet tat cua cum tu: Official ODA Development Assistance) OSZD Cac nude to chuc hop tac duong sat quoc te PHSIRPC Uy ban van tai bang duong sat cao toe lien cua My TGV Tau cao toe cua Phap TSCD Tai san co dinh USD Dong la My (viet tat cua cum tir: Unitet States dollas ) VICONSHIP Cong ty co phan container Viet Nam VIETFRACHT Cong ty co phan van tai va thue tau bien VTDS Van tai duong sat DANH MUC BANG BIEU, HINH VE Bang 1.1: Tong hop cac tieu chi danh gia chat luong dich vu van tai ducmg sat 17 Bang 2.1: So luong chung loai dau may tinh den 1/1/2008 .40 Bang 2.2: So luong, chung loai toa xe khach tinh den 1/1/2008 43 Bang 2.3: So luong toa xe hang toan nganh tinh den 1/1/2008 44 Bang 2.4: Tai san cua nganh duong sat tinh den 1/1/2008 47 Bang 2.5: Ket qua san xuat kinh doanh van tai tu 2004 - 2008 48 Bang 2.6: San luong kinh doanh van tai hanh khach (2004 - 2008) 49 Bang 2.7: Thi phan van tai hanh khach duong sat ( 2004 - 2008 ) 50 Bang 2.8: San luong kinh doanh dich vu van tai hang hoa ( 2004 - 2008) 52 Bang 2.9: Thi phan van tai hang hoa duong sat ( 2004 - 2008 ) 53 Hinh ve 2.1: San luong hanh khach (2004 - 2008) 49 Hinh ve 2.2: Thi phan van tai hanh khach 2008 51 Hinh ve 2.3: San luong van tai hang hoa (2004 - 2008) 52 Hinh ve 2.4: Thi phan van tai hang hoa nam 2008 55 TOUoW DAI HOC KEKH TC QUOC DAV G3 *■& DOAN DUY TAN PHAT TRifr DICH VU■ VAN TAI BltiNG SAT ■ ■ d Vi£T NAM ■ Chuygn ngdnh: KINH tE CHlNH TR| TOM TAT LUA N VAN THA C SY ■ ■ Ha Nai - 2010 TOM TAT LUAN VAN PHAN MO DAU Tinh cap thiet cua luan van Van tai duong sat la “xuong song” he thong giao thong van tai thong nhat bao gom cac nganh van tai duong bo, duong khong, duong thuy va duong ong Trong linh vuc van tai duong sat co nhung uu diem vuot troi, la: - Kha nang van chuyen Ion, cu li van chuyen xa - Kha nang van chuyen suot dem, it bi anh huong bbi thbi tiet hau - Toe van chuyen Ion, chi thua kern vdi phuong tien hang khong ve toe ky thuat - Do an toan cao - Mure tien nghi, thoai mai danh cho hanh khach qua trinh van chuyen lbn Vay co the khang dinh, van tai duong sat co vai trd rat quan trong he thong GTVT quoc gia noi rieng va nen kinh te noi chung Vi the viec nghien Muc dich va nhiem vu khoa hoc cua luan van - Muc dich nghien cuu: Tren co so nghien cuu mot so van de ly luan ve dich vu van tai duong sat va phan tich, danh gia thuc trang phat trien dich vu van tai duong sat Viet Nam, luan van neu len phuong huong va de xuat cac giai phap co tinh kha thi nham phat trien dich vu van tai duong sat Viet Nam thbi ky tdi - Nhiem vu khoa hoc cua luan van: + Nghien cuu mot so van de ly luan ve dich vu va ve dich vu van tai duong sat + Nghien cuu kinh nghiem phat trien dich vu van tai duong sat cua mot so nude va rut nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam + Phan tich va danh gia thuc trang phat trien dich vu van tai duong sat Viet Nam thoi gian qua + Neu len phuong huong va de xuat nhung giai phap kha thi nham phat trien dich vu van tai duong sat Viet Nam thbi gian tdi Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu cua luan van Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu cua luan van la qua trinh phat trien nganh duong sat Viet Nam tap trung chu yeu vao nhung linh vuc hoat dong van tai hanh khach va hang hoa, lay Tong cong ty duong sat Viet Nam lam doi tuong khao sat, nghien cuu, tren co so cac tai lieu va so lieu duoc Bo ke hoach va Dau tu thu thap va tong hop lai tir Tong cong ty duong sat Viet Nam CHUONG NHUNG VAN DE LY LUAN VA THUC TIEN VE PHAT TRIEN DICH VU• VAN TAI DUONG SAT VIET • • • NAM 1.1 Nhung van de co' ban ve dich vu va dich vu van tai duong sat - Dich vu Theo chi dan cua Cac Mac, chung ta cd the hieu dich vu la: Theo nghia hep: La san pham cua lao dong khong ton tai dudi hinh thai vat the, ma ton tai dudi hinh thuc mot su phuc vu cua ngudi cung cap cho ngudi tieu dung nham thoa man mot nhu cau nao cua ngudi Theo nghia rong: La khai niem chi toan bo cac hoat dong cua xa hoi ket tinh dudi hinh thai nhung sir phuc vu phi vat the toan bo cac nganh cua nen kinh te quoc dan, cd vai tro vo cung to ldn phat trien KTXH cua mot quoc gia r v - Dae diem dich vu van tai duong sat San xuat cd tinh tap trung, thong nhat cao; van chuyen mot khdi luong ldn (hang hoa, hanh khach) di xa, Hach toan thu chi thuc hien tap trung va chiu anh hudng cua kinh doanh dich vu van tai An toan, than thien moi trudng r a r < 1.2 Cac nhan to anh hudng va su- can thiet phat trien dich vu van tai duong sat - Cac nhan to anh hudng den phat trien dich vu van tai duong sat r ' + Co so vat chat ky thuaf Lac hau, cu ky, pha tap nhieu chung loai va nguy co khong an toan cao + Trinh quan ly va nhan lire Chat luong lao dong thap, trinh tay nghe cung mot cong viec khong dong deu, chu yeu lao dong thu cong + Nang luc tai chinlr Yeu, cac du an chu yeu la tir nguon von ODA + Co che chinh sack, dieu hanh: Con nhieu bat cap, mang nang tinh hinh there r •? < - Su can thiet phat trien dich vu van tai duong sat hien + Dap trng nhu cau van tai se tang nhanh then thdi gian tdi + Tang tinh canh tranh vdi cac loai hinh dich vu van tai khac + Giam tai cho duong bo, han che tai nan giao thong va nhiem moi trudng + Giao thuong vdi cac nude ASEAN va Trung Quoc + Thue day, phat trien nhanh kinh te - xa hoi dat nude CHUO’NG THUC TRANG PHAT TRIEN CUA DICH VU VAN TAI DUONG SAT VIET NAM HIEN NAY • • • 2.1 Tinh hinh phat trien dich vu van tai duong sat thdi gian qua 2.1.1 Mat thi phan Ket qua kinh doanh dich vu van tai cua Tong cong ty dudng sat nhung nam gan day luon cd muc tang trudng nam sau cao hon nam trudc Tuy nhien san lupng dich vu van tai nam sau cd su hudng giam so vdi nam trudc Su sut giam san lupng thi cd nhieu nguyen nhan, doanh thu tang chu yeu la Tong cong ty dieu chinh gia ve va gia cudc van chuyen Nhu vay xet ve lau dai khong phai la su tang trudng ben vtrng, nhat la thdi ky gia cudc dich vu van tai cac nganh khac dang cd su hudng giam de tang tinh canh tranh - Tinh hinh thi truong dich vu van tai hanh khach San lupng van chuyen hanh khach nam 2008 cua Tong cong ty dudng sat Viet Nam chi dat 98,4% so vdi cung ky 2007 Theo bao cao cua Bo giao thong van tai, san lupng van tai toan nganh nam 2008 dat 1.001 trieu lupt hanh khach, nhung san lupng van tai hanh khach cua DSVN chi chiem thi phan nho - Tinh hinh thi trudng van tai hang hoa Kinh doanh van tai hang hoa bang dudng sat nhung nam gan day cung lien tuc gap nhieu kho khan, mot so khach hang ldn thudng xuyen van chuyen bang dudng sat, song cung co nhieu chu hang da khong man ma, tham chi cd nhieu mat hang da bi mat hoan toan, dan den khoi lupng hang hoa van chuyen giam 2.1.2 thuc trang kinh doanh dich vu van tdi duong sat Thu nhat: Dac thu la, van chuyen thi nhieu dan vi cung tham gia nen chi mot khau day chuyen bi loi thi chat luong dich vu se bi anh huong Thu hai: Nhu cau toa xe bi mat can doi giua cac ga, phuong tien van tai thieu, kinh phi kho khan, gia nguyen lieu tang cao, thbi tiet va an toan dien bien phuc tap, dan den kha nang canh vdi cac phuong tien van tai khac kem Thu ba: Thieu thiet bi xep chuyen dung b cac ga nen phai di thue lam chi phi tang cao, giam tien Thu tu: So vbi duong bo va duong bien, gia cube van tai duong sat “tir ga den ga” thap hon nhung neu tinh “tu kho den kho” lai cao hon Ngoai so vdi duong bien va duong bo thi co che chua thong thoang, chua mang tinh canh tranh cao Thu nam: Bat cap to churc hien cung gay nhieu phien toai khong dang co can trd den hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua nganh Thu sau: Thong tin, quang ba cac loai hinh dich vu van chuyen hanh khach thidu va yeu He thong ban hang cua duong sat Viet Nam nhieu bat cap, hien tuong tau khach dong, ve khong co ban van kha bien Thu bay: Chat luong phuong tien toa xe xuong cap, ve sinh tren tau han che, cac trang thiet bi da cu, khong duoc thay the kip thbi, thai phuc vu giao tiep vdi khach hang cua mot so can bo cong nhan vien chua tot Thu tarn: Dieu chinh gia ve chua kip thbi, mot so muc gia chua hop ly r r r 2.1.3 Nhung co gang cua Nganh duong sat thoi gian vita qua - Dau tu co so vat chat: Mac du nguon von khau hao tai san co dinh van tai han che, nhung dubng sat Viet Nam da danh phan ldn nguon von va tranh thu huy dong cac nguon von khac de dau tu tang them so luong va phuong tien van tai phuc vu san xuat kinh doanh - Rut ngan hanh tr'inh chay tau: Vdi nhung co gang cua nganh, gib tau nhung nam qua lien tuc duoc rut xuong lam giam thbi gian di lai va chi phi cho nhan dan - Thuc hien gid cudc linh hoat: Tu dupe phan cap quan ly gia cube, nganh dubng sat da thubng xuyen dieu chinh gia cudc cho phu hop vdi co che thi trubng, nham dap ung yeu cau cua khach hang va tang doanh thu cho nganh 87 Tir nhung ly tren chung ta thay rang phuong phap chay tau co dinh theo thdi gian can duoc nghien cuu nghiem tuc Cac ket qua nghien cuu bieu chay tau co dinh theo thoi gian cho ta thay tro ngai chinh ap dung loai bieu chay tau vao dudng sat Viet Nam la khdi luong van chuyen thap va nhieu bien dong Khi khdi luong van chuyen thap va luong hang khong tap trung ma chay tau cd dinh theo thdi gian thi dan den luong cac doan tau bi giam Tir se dan den nhung lang phi khac De khac phuc tinh trang chung ta chua the ap dung cac hanh trinh cd dinh cho tat ca cac doan tau ma trudc mat chi nen td chuc mot sd hanh trinh cd dinh bieu chay tau Do la each xay dung bieu chay tau cd dinh theo thdi gian, bo phan Trong bieu chay tau se cd mot sd doan tau hang dupe chay cd dinh theo thdi gian mot sd doan tau khac tarn thdi van de nhu cu Uu diem cua bieu chay tau cd dinh theo thdi gian se thu hut dupe ban hang, tang them sir chu dong cho cac chu hang, cac doanh nghiep Mot van de nua ma chung ta cd the tinh den la cac loai hang dupe gui tren cac doan tau chay cd dinh theo thdi gian cd the dupe tinh theo gia cudc cao hon so vdi gui tren cac loai tau khac Nhieu chu hang san sang chap nhan su chenh lech va phan chenh lech cd the bii dap sir thieu hut chi phi giam lupng doan tau Cach lam cung la each lam cua nhieu nudc cd nen kinh te thi trudng chua phat trien Td chuc chay tau cd dinh theo thdi gian khong chi gidi han d chd cac doan tau di den dung gid theo mot nhanh trinh da quy dinh san ma phai luon di kern vdi cac bien phap td chuc san xuat khac thi mdi phat huy dupe tac dung Da qua roi thdi gian ma nganh dudng sat la ngudi phan phoi toa xe va cac chu hang phai den ky hop dong roi xin xe va chd dpi Muon thu hut dupe khach hang thi d cac noi ky hop dong phai thong bao dupe cho cac chu hang biet thdi gian di, den cua cac doan tau, tra ldi cho chu hang biet ky hop dong la bao gid thi hang cua ho se den dia diem nhan va de nghi cac dich vu tiep theo nhu chd hang tu kho den kho 88 Nhd biet trudc thdi gian di den cua cac doan tau, dudng sat Viet Nam co the to chuc tot viec van chuyen tir kho den kho cho cac chu hang tu cac ga dudng sat Co nhu vay bieu chay tau co dinh theo thdi gian mdi phat huy dupe tac dung To chuc chay tau co dinh theo thdi gian khong phai la viec don gian vi nd dong cham tdi van de to chuc quan ly cua cac don vi va cua nganh De cd dupe mot cdng nghe chay tau hoan chinh cd nhieu dieu phai can nhac tinh toan nhung neu khong manh dan nghien cuu, ung dung thu nghiem thi chung ta se khong cd dupe mot cdng nghe chay tau hoan chinh dap ung yeu cau cua nen kinh te thi trudng Cd thdi gian nganh dudng sat da to chuc dupe hanh trinh cua loai tau nay, nhien bien dong cua thi trudng va mot sd nguyen nhan khac nen da khong tri dupe Khi nen kinh te thi trudng dang phat trien, nhieu chu hang coi chi tieu gia cudc khong phai la van de quyet dinh lua chon phuong tien van tai ma dieu chu yeu la chat lupng phuc vu nhu: Toc dua hang, ky han giao hang, ty le hao hut va an toan hang hoa ma cdng nghe to chuc chay tau theo thdi gian dap ung dupe yeu cau Gid day la luc can thiet nganh dudng sat phai tri va phat trien loai dich vu de dap ung yeu cau cua thi trudng 3.2.5.5 To chuc cac doan tau suot tic noixep hang Cac doan tau suot tren ga ky thuat hoac cac doan tau chuyen tuyen chuyen ludng gop phan tang nhanh thdi gian dua hang khong phai cai bien lai tai cac ga ky thuat, dong thdi viec quay vong dau may toa xe nhanh tan dung tdi da sue keo, sue chd, don gian dieu hanh, thuan lpi tu sua chua dau may toa xe Viec to chuc cac doan tau suot, tau chuyen tuyen chuyen ludng chi cd the ap dung ddi vdi cdng tac van chuyen hang hoa la nhung ludng hang ion va tap trung (nhu Apatit, quang boxit, sat, thep ) day la nhung ludng hang cd the thoa van chuyen so vdi cac phuong thuc van tai khac Ddi vdi ludng hang Container ta cd the to chuc ludng hang ldn, tap trung to chuc van chuyen thong qua cac bai hang Container 89 Qua cac so lieu tinh toan va thuc te cong tac dich vu van tai da khang dinh duoc: Nganh van tai dudng sat chiem uu the viec to chuc van chuyen luong hang ldn, tap trung va di xa vdi cu ly tir 300 km trd len, vi vay day la loi the canh tranh rat ldn va lanh manh so vdi cac phuong thuc van tai khac va can dupe dau tu thoa dang ve co sd tang: Nha kho, ga, ke, bai hang (dac biet la bai hang Container), khoi phuc va md them cac dudng nhanh, dudng chuyen dung vao cac khu cdng nghiep, cang bien de khai thac tot cac uu the v r r 3.2.5.6 To chuc phoi hop vdi cac nganh huu quan doi voi dich vu van tdi r duong sat Hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh dich vu van tai dudng sat cung nhu cac nganh dich vu van tai giao thong khac deu co lien quan true tiep vdi cac nganh Hai quan, Cdng an Quan ly thi trudng, Bien phong va mot sd nganh khac - Thong nhat vdi Hai quan tai cac ga Lien van thdi gian lam viec 24/24 gid/ngay, khong ke nghi - Cd bien phap su ly hop ly hang khong ve du lo - Xay dung tai cac ga Lien van cac bai hang Thong quan - Lap dat cac thiet bi kiem tra hai quan tu dong tai cac noi san xuat trudc dong thung van chuyen Container De nang cao chat luong dich vu van tai hanh khach hang hoa thi dudng sat Viet Nam khong the khong phoi ket hop chet che vdi cac nganh tren Khong ngirng phoi hop tot giua Hai quan va Bien phong de cai tien cac thu tuc hanh chinh, tao dieu kien thong thoang, thuan loi hon cho hanh khach, chu hang, doi hoi nganh dudng sat Viet Nam tiep tuc hop tac cung cac nganh tren thong qua viec xay dung quy che phoi hop cu the, coi la co sd phap ly de cung thuc hien Ngoai ra, de khai thac tot hon tiem nang cua tuyen dudng sat xuyen A, dudng sat Lien van A - Au tuong lai, cung can het sue tru cai tien cac thu tuc Hai quan, Bien phong linh vuc lien quan den van tai dudng sat Trudc mat la co the to chuc cac cang Container can cho dudng sat cung vdi qua trinh sap xep lai cac ga hang hoa de tao thuan tien va giam chi phi lien quan cho chu hang, phat trien hon nua linh vuc van chuyen tien tien 90 3.2.6 Day manh cong tac tiep thi, quang cao Cong tac tiep thi quang cao la mot cac hoat dong rat quan trong hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua moi nganh, moi don vi kinh te O cac nudc phat trien quang cao chiem khoang 15 - 25% gia tri hang hoa va dich vu va doi vdi nganh dudng sat chiem khoang - 5% Hien nganh dudng sat Viet Nam chua co truong trinh, ke hoach chi tiet va lau dai cho hoat dong Viec thong tin quang cao ve hoat dong cua nganh dudng sat giup cho khach hang, chu hang cd duoc cac thong tin can thiet, true tiep va day du, tu gop phan quan trong viec tang thi phan phat trien dich vu van tai Trong thdi gian tdi, nganh dudng sat thuc hien mo hinh to chuc mdi thi can thiet phai cd co che tai chinh va dinh huong ro hon cho hoat dong 3.2.6.1 Cdng tac tiep thi, quang cao nhung nam toi can tap trung vao r r mot so loai hinh chuyeu sau - Thong tin tuyen truyen tren cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung (dai, ti vi, bao chi, bang bien thong bao tai cac nha ga, tren cac doan tau ), ve gid tau va cac hanh trinh van chuyen cua nganh (tuy day khong phai la quang cao nhung no va quang cao la hai hinh thuc bo xung true tiep cho nhau) Hoat dong rat can thiet vi nd dap ung nhu cau true tiep cua hanh khach, chu hang cd nhu cau van chuyen hang hoa hoac di lai bang dudng sat - Thong tin thudng xuyen dudi moi hinh thuc thuan tien nhu Catalo, td roi, gap go tiep xue khach hang, trao doi qua dien thoai, thu dien tu de chuyen tdi khach hang nhung thong tin ve kha nang chuyen chd va cac dich vu phuc vu khach hang cua nganh Viec thong tin tren giup cho khach hang hieu dupe ky hon ve nang luc, chat luong dich vu cua nganh, dong thdi tao kenh thong tin true tiep, gan gui giua nganh dudng sat vdi khach hang - Ngoai ra, can phat trien cac hinh thuc quang cao, quang ba cac san pham cua nganh rong rai hon tdi cac doi tuong va ngoai nudc nhu tang cac vat ky niem, cac vat pham, an pham, to chuc trien lam chuyen nganh de thuc su mang an tuong ve dudng sat Viet Nam va thu hut su quan tarn cua cac ca nhan, don vi doi vdi nganh 91 3.2.6.2 Ung (dung hoat dong quang cao, tiep tin vao cd tag ttic' van tdi duffng sat tai cac nha ga, doan tau Dudi goc Marketing, cac nha ga, doan tau la nhung noi ban san pham dich vu cua nganh Mang cac can bo cong nhan vien lam viec tai cac noi thay mat cho nganh tiep xuc true tiep vdi khach hang, chu hang Nhung nhan dinh, an tuong ve nganh duoc- ghi nhd moi nguoi nhat tai day Chinh vi vay, tinh than, thai phuc vu cua moi can bo cong nhan vien tai cac nha ga, doan tau la gop phan het suc quan vao cong cua nganh Luc luong ban cac san pham, dich vu van tai duong sat vua la nguoi quang cao chat luong phuc vu cua nganh cho khach hang, vua la nguoi thu thap thong tin, nhu cau, y kien dong gop cua khach hang doi vdi nganh, de tham muu, de xuat cac phuong an to chuc dich vu van tai co hieu qua nhat Chinh vi vay, ben canh viec chu cong tac dao tao, boi duong nghiep vu cho doi ngu ban hang thi cong tac kiem tra cung rat can thiet de nang cao tinh than trach nhiem cua nhung nguoi ban hang - Doi vai cong tac phuc vu hanh khach: Ngoai cac hinh thuc thong tin quang cao da neu tren thi doi vdi cac loai hinh van tai nay, cac nhan vien khach van, nhan vien bao xe la nhung nguoi thuong xuyen va truc tiep tiep xuc vdi khach hang Hinh dang, cu chi, loi noi, nang luc giai quyet cong viee eua nhung nguoi cung la mot cach thuc quang cao rat quan Nhung yeu cau co ban can co duoc doi vdi nhung can bo cdng nhan vien lam cong tac la: + Trinh chuyen mon, nghiep vu tot, trinh ngoai ngu dam bao giao dich vdi khach hang + Tinh than thai phuc vu tan tinh, chu dao, cach cu su lich su, trung thuc + Thuc su cau thi, coi “hanh khach la an nhan”, la nguoi quyet dinh su ton tai va phat trien cua nganh - Ddi vai cdng tac van tai hang hoa: Cung nhu van tai hanh khach, van tai hang hoa thi luc luong hoa van, 92 lire luong cong tac tren tau la ngudi tiep xue true tiep vdi khach hang, song luc luong chiem so it hon Ho cung chinh la nhung ngudi vua dai dien cho nganh quan he vdi khach hang, vira nam bat nhu cau, mong muon cua chu hang de giup nganh cd bien phap nang cao chat luong phuc vu Do vay ho cung can cd tat ca cac tieu chuan can thiet nhu nhan vien khach van, song trudc mat thi yeu cau ve ngoai ngu- cd the d mire nhat dinh Ngoai ra, luc luong rat can thiet cai tien phong each phuc vu, phai coi doanh nghiep van tai phu thuoc vao khach hang chu khong phai khach hang phu thuoc vao doanh nghiep van tai nhu d nhieu don vi, ca nhan hien dang lam Nhu vay, can chu dong quan he, gap go khach hang va dap ung cao nhat nhu cau cua khach hang r ■> < r 3.2.7 Cai tien cac the che phuc vu dich vu van tai dudng sat Nganh van tai dudng sat la mot nganh giao thong quan trong, cd lich sir phat trien tuong doi dai Tuy nhien mdi giai doan, mdi thdi ky xa hoi phat trien se doi hoi cac the che kern theo nd phai kip thdi dieu chinh cho phu hop, cd nhu the mdi ton tai va phat trien duoc Trong nhung nam vira qua, nganh da sua doi, bo sung dupe kha nhieu van ban the che hoa cdng tac quan ly dieu hanh nhu: Quy trinh, quy pham, sua doi the le van chuyen hanh khach hang hoa, xay dung lai bien phap chuyen chd hang qua kho gidi han qua dai qua nang Tuy nhien day mdi chi la sd rat it sd cac cdng viec phai hoan tat lmh vuc nay, vi du: Xay dung lai quy tac xep va gia cd hang hoa, ban hanh quy tac chuyen chd Container rat can thiet giai doan hien Con mot van de het sue quan la: Hoan thien co che ve dai ly ban ve tau, cac van de can the che hoa to chuc ban ve qua dien thoai, qua mang internet day la mot van de rat rieng cua nganh dudng sat song cd y nghia xa hoi to ldn cdng tac phat trien dich vu van tai hanh khach Van de tiep theo can phai giai quyet la cac the che phuc vu phat trien van tai da phuong thuc Van tai da phuong thuc la loai hinh van tai tien tien, nhien van tai da phuong thuc la he thong ket noi trach nhiem van tai, chung tu va trach nhiem 93 phap ly van tai qua cac phuong thuc van tai khac buon ban quoc te Vi le van tai da phuong thuc la su phoi ket hop hoat dong cua nhieu to chuc, nhieu nganh khac nhu: Bo giao thong van tai, tai chinh, ngan hang, thuong mai, hai quan va bi dieu chinh khong nhung bdi he thong luat phap quoc r X A the che phuc vu phuong thuc van tai (dieu le lien hiep van chuyen, quy tac chung ve van tai da phuong thuc, thiet ke van don ap dung cho van tai da phuong thuc) 3.3 MOT SO KIEN NGHI NHAM THUC HIEN KHA THI CAC GIAI PHAP De nganh dudng sat khong ngtrng nang cao chat luong dich vu van tai, dap ung cang tot hon yeu cau cua nhan dan va xa hoi, gop phan dac luc vao cdng cuoc cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc, xin kien nghi vdi Bo GTVT va Nha Nudc mot sd van de sau: Thic nhat Theo dung tieu chi cua Chinh phu ve phat trien dudng sat den nam 2020 va tarn nhin 2050, thi dudng sat Viet Nam phai phat trien chinh quy hien dai, ben vung, an toan dap ung day du cac tieu chi ve dudng sat cua mot nude cdng nghiep De dat dupe muc tieu tren tac gia kien nghi vdi Nha Nudc can khan truong thong qua, xay dung va dua dudng sat cao toe vao hoat dong Tuyen dudng sat cao toe Ha Noi - TP Ho Chi Minh cd vai tro rat quan trong, vira cd y nghia ve phat trien KTXH, vua cd y nghia chinh tri Su phat trien KTXH nhanh chong keo theo nhu cau di lai cua hanh khach vdi ty le cao cho giai doan trudc mat den nam 2020 va lien tuc tang nhanh cho cac nam sau do, doi hoi can phai co mot loai hinh van tai co khdi luong ldn, chinh la DSCT Viec dau tu xay dung du an DSCT Bac Nam vdi van toe khai thac la 300Km/h, la hoan toan phu hop vdi cac quy hoach chien luge phat trien GTVT noi chung va dudng sat noi rieng dong thdi phu hop quy hoach phat trien cac nganh, cac dia phuong lien quan - Kha nang van tai cua tuyen dudng sat hien tai den da bao hoa va can phai tien hanh cai tao, nang cap Tuy nhien, ca da duoc nang cap cung 94 khong the dap ung nhu cau van chuyen cua nam 2020 vdi 48.000 hanh khach moi ngay, chinh vi vay can phai xay mdi tuyen dudng sat cao toc chuyen chd hanh khach va nang cap tuyen dudng sat hien tai de chuyen chd hang hoa - Dudng sat cao toc la loai hinh phuong tien nhat khong su dung dau (nguon nguyen lieu se can kiet tuong lai), lam giam chi phi rat ldn cho nganh, rat than thien vdi mdi trudng va tuyet ddi an toan - Thuc day giao luu giua cac vung kinh te: Vdi dac diem cua Viet Nam la dat nudc trai dai vdi hai trung tam kinh te - chinh tri ldn nhat dat d hai dau dat nudc each tren 1.500Km Dan sd tap trung dong, lam hon 90% GDP cua ca nudc Chinh vi vay dudng sat cao toc se la phuong lien lam cho hai dau dat nudc keo lai gan hon, tu phat trien kinh te (di tu Ha Noi - den TP Ho Chi Minh chi khoang gid 30 phut) tiet kiem thdi gian cho hanh khach la rat ldn - Thuc day qua trinh thi hoa: Do cd kha nang ket noi thuan tien vdi cac thi ldn nen DSCT se gop phan quan trong thuc day nhanh qua trinh thi hoa tai cac thi tren true Bac Nam Dong thdi tao dieu kien tot de quy hoach lai cac thi, cd dieu kien thuan loi de phan bo dan cu ttr se cai thien tinh trang qua tai dan cu tai cac thi ldn - Thuc day phat trien nganh du lich: Dap ung duoc nhu cau du lich quoc te va noi dia tuong lai - La dong luc de dua Viet Nam tro nudc cdng nghiep phat trien: Viec xay dung DSCT khong chi tao dieu kien cho nganh dudng sat phat trien ma gop phan thuc day nhieu nganh cdng nghiep, dich vu khac phat trien nhu nganh xay dung, cdng nghiep co che tao, buu chinh vien thong, du lich Ngoai DSCT vdi nhieu tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat tien tien cua the gidi se dupe ap dung vao Viet Nam nhu cac linh vuc nghien cuu, thiet ke, xay dung va khai thac van hanh va tu bao dudng DSCT - Tao cdng an viec lam nudc: Qua trinh xay dung dien 20 nam thi se tao khoang trieu viec lam thdi gian xay dung, binh quan la 350.000 viec lam mdi nam 95 Thu hai: Tir trudc tdi nay, dudng sat hoat dong luon phai co su hd tro cua Nha Nudc Cu the, tang la Nha Nudc dau tu va cung cap, doanh nghiep mua tau chay va nop doanh thu Vi the, kinh phi de md rong tang, dau may, toa xe rat han hep Trudc thuc trang nay, Chinh phu dat yeu cau phai tang nang luc canh tranh doanh nghiep bang cach “md cua” thu hut dau tu cua tu nhan, cac doanh nghiep ngoai nganh, thiet lap moi trudng canh tranh de nang cao chat luong dich vu van tai Thuc te da co mot so doanh nghiep tu nhan nhay vao linh vuc dudng sat, nhien mdi chi la nhung doanh nghiep nho, thue chuyen de kinh doanh nhung chang ngan, chua mua duoc dau may, toa xe cho rieng minh Noi nhu the de biet rang nganh dudng sat chi thuc su xa hoi hoa huy dong duoc mot khoan tien ldn tu cac doanh nghiep ngoai nha nudc, tu nhan gop vao De lam duoc dieu cung khong he don gian bdi chung ta van dang phai doi mat vdi mot so rao can nhat dinh do: - He thong phap ly nganh dudng sat ban hanh chua du, luat dudng sat, cac van ban hudng dan cua Chinh phu, cua Bo GTVT co nhieu van de cdn chung chung, mdi chi neu nguyen tac, nhieu chd chua cu the Dieu gay rat nhieu kho khan van de dieu tiet, cung nhu thiet lap mot moi trudng canh tranh cong bang - The che hop tac giua Nha Nudc va tu nhan d Viet Nam chua duoc ban hanh Trong do, bat cu nganh nao muon phat trien cung khong the bo qua su hop tac Tren the gidi nhieu nudc van ap dung phuong thuc de phat trien kinh te Cu the Han Quoc, va nhieu nudc chau au, phan ldn cac ga co loi the thuong mai la cua tu nhan dau tu, xay dung va quan ly, Nha Nudc chi thue lai mot so phong phuc vu cong cong Con d Viet Nam hoan toan nguoc lai Dieu gay kho khan cho viec thu hut cac doanh nghiep tu nhan co von dau tu ldn Tac gia kien nghi Nha Nudc tiep tuc hoan thien the che kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia, nen khong thuc hien nhung giai phap mang tinh hanh chinh ma chi bang nhung bien phap kinh te va dieu chinh loi ich Tao dieu kien cho moi phan kinh te va ngoai nudc tham gia dau tu vao linh vuc dudng sat mot cach manh me hon 96 KET LUA• N Viec xay dung chien luge phat trien GTVT Dudng sat Viet Nam den nam 2020 va tam nhin 2050 Da dugc Thu tudng Chinh phu thong qua la muc tieu then chot cho dinh hudng phat trien nganh dudng sat noi chung va dich vu van tai dudng sat noi rieng thdi gian tdi De xay dung va thuc hien dugc chien lugc tren nganh dudng sat phai co nhung doi mdi thuc su ro ret de nang cao chat lugng dich vu van tai Vi tham gia vao qua trinh kinh doanh van tai dudng sat co rat nhieu bo phan hoat dong mat thiet lien quan vdi tao mot day chuyen khep kin Neu mot khau bi loi thi chat lugng cua ca day chuyen cung bi anh hudng Trong nhung nam qua dich vu van tai dudng sat da co nhung budc phat trien dang ke, gop phan vao viec thuc day KTXH cua dat nudc Tuy nhien, giai doan hien nay, nen kinh te Viet Nam tiep tuc co nhung budc phat trien manh me, boi canh hoi nhap vdi nen kinh te khu vuc va the gidi, su phat trien cua dich vu van tai dudng sat chiu anh hudng rat ldn tu co che, chinh sach cua Nha Nudc cung nhu tu chinh noi tai dac thu cua nganh Thuc trang cho thay kinh doanh dich vu van tai dudng sat nhieu bat cap ma vat chat co sd tang yeu kem, cong nghe thi ngheo nan lac hau, quy mo thi nho le manh mun, mo hinh to chuc co su chong cheo Chinh vi vay tac gia da di sau vao phan tich mo xe chi tiet thuc trang chung cua nganh dudng sat Tu thuc trang tren, tac gia di sau tim hieu va de xuat mot so giai phap co ban nham day manh viec phat trien dich vu van tai dudng sat Cu the la: - On dinh to chuc san xuat theo mo hinh mdi nham tao dieu kien cho cac cong ty van tai hang hoa va hanh khach chu dong hon cong tac dau tu va lap ke hoach - Tung budc hien dai hoa co sd vat chat ky thuat cong nghe, phan dau dat muc tieu dua dudng sat Viet Nam nhung nam tdi trd nganh van tai chu luc cua dat nudc 97 - Nang cao chat luong va da dang hoa cac loai hinh dich vu van tai duong sat Nhu vay co loi the ldn lam giam gia san pham dich vu van tai va canh tranh vdi cac loai hinh van tai khac - Day manh cong tac tiep thi, quang cao nham quang ba hinh anh cua duong sat mot cach rong rai tdi tat ca moi phan kinh te va ngoai nudc - Hoan thien cac the che, chinh sach nham giup cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh dich vu van tai duong sat de dang, thuan tien hon cac khau, cac thu tuc, lam tiet kiem chi phi cung nhu thoi gian cho khach hang Do han che ve thoi gian va tu lieu nen de tai khong tranh khdi nhung thieu sot can bo sung cho hoan thien Tac gia rat mong su gop y nhiet cua cac thay co giao, cac nha khoa hoc, cac chuyen gia quan ly va ngoai van tai duong sat de de tai hoan thien ca ve ly luan va thuc tien 98 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bo Giao due va dao tao (2002), Giao trinh kinh te chinh tri Mac - Le Nin cho khoi kinh te - quan tri kinh doanh cac truong dai hoc cao dang, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi Trieu Thach Bao, Duong Man (1998), Ban ve co che thi truong Trung Qudc, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Noi TS.Nguyen Htru Bang (2005), Tiep tuc doi mdi va co cau lai - quyet tam cua dudng sat Viet Nam , Bao cao tai hoi nghi khu vuc ve doi mdi va co cau lai nganh dudng sat, Ha Noi Tran Van Binh, Tran Ngoc Minh, Cao Minh Trudng (1999), Nghien cuu co' che va chinh sach gid cudc van tdi dudng sat dieu kien cua nen kinh te thi trudng, De tai khoa hoc cap Bo giao due va dao tao, Ma so B98-35-59 Ban Van Chuyen (2007), “Hudng dan thuc hien ” quy dinh ve viec van tdi hanh khach, hanh ly, bao gui tren dudng sat qudc gia, Tong cdng ty dudng sat Viet Nam, Ha Noi Chu tich Hoi dong Bo trudng (1990), Quyet dinh so 158/CT 14 thang nam 1990 cua Chu tich Hoi dong Bo trudng (nay la Thu tuong Chinh phu) ve viec chuyen doi to chuc Tong cue dudng sat Lien hiep dudng sat Viet Nam, Ha Noi PGS.TS Tran Van Chu (2005), Kinh te hoc phat trien, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Noi Chu Tich Qudc Hoi, (2005), So 35/2005/QH11 21 thang nam 2005 ban hanh Luat dudng sat, Trang web: http://www.chinhphu.vn/ Dai hoi dai bieu Dang cong san Viet Nam lan thu IX (2001), Van kien dai hoi toan qudc lan thu IX, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Noi 10 Dai hoi dai bieu Dang cong san Viet Nam lan thu VIII (1999), Van kien dai hoi toan qudc ldn thu VIII, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Noi 11 De tai nghien cuu khoa hoc (2003), Canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep dudng r r sat de hoi nhap, Tong cdng ty dudng sat Viet Nam, Ha Noi 99 12 Giao trinh “Kinh te van tai dating sat", Dai hoc giao thong van tai, 1999, Ha Noi 13 TSKH Nguyen Huu Ha (1999), Marketing tong nganh dich vu van tai dating sat, Truong dai hoc giao thong van tai, Ha Noi 14 TSKH Nguyen Huu Ha (2001), Vai tro cua dich vu van tai nganh dating sat, tap chi khoa hoc cong nghe, so 8/2001 15 TSKH Nguyen Huu Ha (2003), Phaang thac dich vu van tai dating sat Viet Nam va dinh hating phat tien, hoi thao phat trien duong sat Viet Nam, Bo giao thong van tai 16 Le Duc Hao (1986), Nguyen tac xay dang gia catic van tai dating sat va kha nang ang dung vao Viet nam, Luan an PTS khoa hoc ky thuat, Dai hoc giao thong van tai, Ha Noi 17 PGS.TSKH Hoang The Hai (2000), Mot vai dinh hating cai Hen va phcU tien cong nghe phuc vu van tai dating sat Viet Nam, Ky yeu hoi thao khoa hoc: “Doi moi cong nghe hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh nganh duong sat”, Lien hiep duong sat Viet Nam 18 Vuong Dinh Khanh (1996), Ndct so giai phap nang cao hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh nganh van tai dating sat nen kinh te thi trating, Luan an PTS khoa hoc ky thuat, Dai hoc giao thong van tai, Ha Noi 19 Lien hiep duong sat Viet Nam (2002), Chien luoc phc! trien van tai dating sat Viet Nam giai doan 2010-2020, Ha Noi 20 PGS.TS Bui xuan phong (1997), Phan tich hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh van tai dating sat, Giao trinh cao hoc, Truong Dai hoc Giao thong van tai, Ha Noi 21 TS Le Quan (2007), Giao trinh to chac van chuyen hang hoa va hanh khach tien dating sat, Nxb Giao thong van tai, Ha Noi 22 TS Le Quan va KS Le The Hieu (2003), Cac giaiphap nang cao thiphan van tai dating sat Viet Nam, De tai khoa hoc cong nghe cap Bo GTVT, Ha Noi 23 TS Le Quan (2001), Nang cao chat haongphuc vu hanh khach di tau phu hop vtii nhung doi hoi giai doan mtii, Tap chi' GTVT so thang nam 2001 100 24 Thu tuong Chinh phu (2004), Chi thi cua Thu tuong Chinh phu so 49/2004/CT- TTg 27/12/2004 ve phat trien dich vu ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi nam 2006 - 20104 25 Thu tu'dng Chinh phu (2003), Q^zy^^t dinh so 34/QD - TTg thang nam 2003 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ve viec lap Tong cdng ty dudng sat Viet Nam, Nxb Giao thong van tai, Ha Noi 26 Thu tuong Chinh phu (2003), Quyet dinh so 216/QD - TTg 2/ thang 10 nam 2003 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu phe duyet dieu -e to chuc va hoat dong cua Tdng cdng ty dudng sat Viet Nam, Ha Noi 27 Thu tuong Chinh phu (2008), Quyet dinh sdl686/QD - TTg 20 thang 11 nam 2008 cua Thu tudng-'hinhphuphe duyet chien luocphat trien Giao thong van tai dudng sat Viet Nam den nam 2020 va tam nhin den nam 2050, Ha Noi 28 GS.TS Hoang Due Than (2003), Td chuc va kinh doanh tren thi ttudng hang hoa va dich vu d Viet Nam, Nxb Thong ke, Ha Noi 29 Tong eong ty dudng sat Viet Nam (2008), Tap hap cac bao cao cua dudng sat Viet Nam ve hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh, Ha Noi 30 Tong eong ty dudng sat Viet Nam (2004), Nang cao chat luang dich vu van tai dudng sat Viet Nam, De tai nghien euu, Ha Noi 31 Tong eong ty DSVN (2008), Tap hap cac bao cao cua dudng sat Viet Nam ve gia cudc van chuyen hang hoa va hanh khach bang dudng sat, Ha Noi 32 Thu tuong Chinh phu (2007), Nghi dinh cua Chinh phu so 140/2007/ND- CP thang nam 2007 ve Quy dinh chi tiet -uat twang mai ve dieu kien kinh doanh dich vu Logistics va gidi han trach nhi$m doi vdi thuang nhan kinh doanh dich vu 33 Trang Web: http://www.eliinhphu.vn/ 34 Trang Web ve plat trien Tong cdng ty dudng sat Viet Nam trip doan kinh t manh tong nudc va khu vuc: http://Baodientu.ehinhphu.vn/ 35 Trang Web Tong eong ty dudng sat Viet Nam: http://www.vr.eom.vn/ 36 Trang Web ve Tran trd vdi syphat den dudng sat Viet Nam: http://vietbao.vn/tran g-ban-doe/ 101 37 Le Trong Tuan (2001), Ban ve mdi quan he giua hanh khach vai ga, tau hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh van tdi dudng sat Tap chi GTVT, Ha Noi 38 Le Trong Tuan (2002), 77'w hieu anh hudng cua kinh te tu nhan den hoat dong kinh doanh van tdi dudng sat, Tap chi GTVT, Ha Noi 39 TS Nguyen Due Truy (2000), Ban ve thi phan van tdi dudng sat, Ky yeu hoi thao khoa hoc: “Doi moi cong nghe hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh nganh dudng sat”, Lien hiep dudng sat Viet Nam 40 KS Nguyen Van Trinh (2008), Xay dung cac chi tieu chu yeu danh gid chat luong cong tac dieu hanh van tai, Quy trinh phan tich danh gid viec thuc hien cac chi tieu, Tong cdng ty dudng sat Viet Nam, Ha Noi 41 Peter Hef (1999), Co' cau lai nghanh dudng sat Due (ban dich), Bao cao tai hoi nghi khu vuc ve doi mdi va co cau lai nganh dudng sat, Ha Noi 42 Fumitoshi Mizutani (G.S dai hoc Cobe Nhat Ban) (1999), Phuong phap tiep can cua Nhat Ban viec tu nhan hoa Nganh dudng sat (ban dich), Bao cao tai hoi nghi khu vuc ve doi mdi va co cau lai nganh dudng sat Ha Noi