Phát triển dịch vụ vận tải hàng hóa quốc tế của tổng công ty đường sắt việt nam

■■ t * ST i I I i J J '■ TRIONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN DAiHQC KTQD TT.THONGTINTHUVIEN W^%WflN.TtiLIEU TRAN THI HONG BICH PHAT TRIEN DICH VV VAN TAI HANG HOA QUOC TE CUA TONG CONG TY DUONG SAT VIET NAM CHUYEN NGANH: KINH TE THE' GlOl & QUAN H$ KINH TE QU6C TE LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • Nguffi hirorig dan khoa hoc: GS.TS DO DUC BINH Ha Noi-2012 LOI CAM DOAN Toi cam doan rang, luan van Thac sy kinh te chuyen nganh Kinh te doi ngoai vdi de tai “ Phat trien dich vu van tai hang hoa quoc te cua Tong cong ty Duong sat Vietnarri" la cong trinh nghien cuu cua rieng toi Nhtrng s6 lieu su dung bai duqc chi ro nguon trich d§n tai danh muc tai lieu tham khao K6t qua nghien cuu ban luan van la trung thuc va chua duoc cong b6 bat ky cong trinh nghien cuu nao tu truoc toi Tac gia luan van Tran Thi Hong Bich MUC • LUC • Leri cam doan Danh muc chu* viet tat Danh muc bang, bieu do, so’ Tom tat luan van LO’I MC> DAU CHUONG 1: MQT SO VAN DE VE PHAT TRIEN DICH VU VAN TAI HANG HO A QUOC TE CUA DOANH NGHIEP 1.1 Dac diem dich vu van tai hang hoa quoc te .4 1.1.1 Khai niem van tai 1.1.2 Cac hinh thuc van tai quoc te 1.1.3 Dac diem van tai hang hoa quoc te 1.2 Cac chi tieu danh gia phat trien dich vu van tai hang hoa quoc te cua doanh nghiep 11 1.2.1 Khoi lupng hang hoa van chuyen: 11 1.2.2 Khoi lupng luan chuyen hang hoa 11 1.2.3 Chung loai cac mat hang van chuyen .11 1.2.4 Thi phan van tai 13 1.2.5 Doanh thu van tai 14 1.2.6 Lpi nhuan van tai 15 1.3 Cac nhan to anh hudng den phat trien dich vu van tai hang hoa quoc te cua doanh nghiep 15 1.3.1 Nhan to thuoc ve doanh nghiep 15 1.3.2 Nhan to ben ngoai 17 1.4 Kinh nghiem phat trien duong sat quoc te d Trung Quoc va bai hoc co the van dung cho Tong Cong ty Duong sat Viet Nam 21 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG PHAT TRIEN DICH VU VAN TAI HANG HOA QUOC TE CUA TONG CONG TY DUONG SAT VIET NAM 24 2.1 Thuc trang kinh doanh van tai hang hoa cua Tong Cong ty DSVN 24 2.2 Thuc trang phat trien dich vu van tai hang hoa quoc te cua Tong Cong ty DSVN 31 2.2.1 Tong quan ve cong tac Lien van dubng sat quoc te nganh DSVN 31 2.2.2 Noi dung phat trien dich vu van tai hang hoa quoc te cua Tong cong ty DSVN 37 2.2.3 Cac chi tieu danh gia ve Phat trien dich vu van tai hang hoa quoc te cua Tong Cong ty DSVN 43 2.2.4 Mot s6 bien phap Tong cong ty da ap dung de phat trien dich vu van tai hang hoa quoc te 54 2.2.5 Danh gia v6 thuc trang phat trien dich vu van tai hang hoa quoc te cua Tong Cong ty Duong sat Viet Nam 60 2.2.6 Danh gia su phu hop ve phap ly cua DSVN vdi quy dinh van tai hang hoa quoc te 63 CHUONG 3: PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN DICH VU VAN TAI HANG HOA QUOC TE CUA TONG CONG TY DSVN DEN NAM 2020 65 3.1 Ca hoi va thach thuc phat trien dich vu van tai hang hoa cua Tong Cong ty DSVN 65 3.2 Muc tieu quy hoach phat trien DSVN den 2020 va dinh hudng phat trien cac linh vuc cho nganh duong sat viet nam 66 3.2.1 Muc tieu quy hoach 66 3.2.2 Dinh hudng phat trien ve cac linh vuc cho nganh Duong sat 66 3.3 Quan diem phat trien doi voi Tong cong ty 70 3.4 Cac giai phap phat trien dich vu .71 3.5 Kien nghi 87 KET LU AN 89 DANH MIJC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 90 DANH MUC CHC VIET TAT Cac tu viet tat tieng Viet STT Nghia day du Ky hieu CBCNV Can bo cong nhan vien DN Doanh nghiep DS Duong sat DSTQ Duong sat Trung Quoc DSVN Duong sat Viet Nam GTVT Giao thong van tai LVDSQT LVQT Lien van duong sat quoc te "T • A A A A Lien van quoc te DANH MUC BANG BIEU,7 SO DO • Danh muc bang Bang 2.1: Chi6u dai cua cac dudng chinh tuyen cua mang ludi DSVN 25 Bang 2.2: Chieu dai cua cac loai dudng 25 Bang 2.3: Ket qua san xuat kinh doanh cua DSVN 2006-2010 27 < Bang 2.4: Khoi luong hang hoa van chuyen phan theo phuong tien van chuyen 28 Bang 2.5: Thi phan van tai hang hoa theo phuong tien van tai 29 Bang 2.6: Khoi luong hang hoa nhap khau giua Viet Nam - Trung Quoc 43 Bang 2.7: Khoi luong hang hoa xuat khau giua Viet Nam - Trung Quoc 43 Bang 2.8: Cac loai hang hoa nhap khau chu yeu qua ga Dong Dang 47 Bang 2.9: Cac loai hang xuat khau chu yeu qua ga Dong Dang 48 Bang 2.10: Hang hoa qua canh Trung Quoc den nude thu 48 Bang 2.11: Cac loai hang nhap khau chu yeu qua ga Lao Cai 49 Bang 2.12: Cac loai hang xuat khau chu yeu qua ga Lao Cai 50 Bang 2.13: Khoi luong luan chuyen hang hoa lien van quoc te nhap 52 giua Viet Nam - Trung Quoc 52 Bang 2.14: Khoi luong luSn chuyen hang hoa lien vSn quoc te xuat giua Viet Nam Trung Quoc 52 Bang 3.1 Danh muc quy hoach phat trien co so tang dudng sit den nam 2020 67 Danh muc bieu do, so* Bieu 2.1: Bien dong khoi luong hang hoa nhap canh 45 Bieu 2.2: Bien dong khoi luong hang hoa xuat canh 46 — TRUONG DAI HQC KINH TE QUOC DAN *** TRAN THI HONG BICH PHAT TRIEN DICH VV VAN TAI HANG HOA QUOC TE CUA TONG CONG TY DUONG SAT VIET NAM CHUYEN NGANH: KINH t£ THE' GlOl & QUAN HE KINH TE QU6C f£ TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • Ha Noi-2012 i Chuong MQT SO VAN DE VE PHAT TRIEN DICH VV VAN TAI HANG HOA QUOC TE CUA DOANH NGHIEP 1.1 Dac diem dich vu van tai hang hoa quoc te Co nhieu quan niem ve van tai Tren goc khong gian, Van tai la hoat dong nhdm thay ddi vi tri cua hang hoa, hanh khach khong gian, su thay ddi vi tri se thoa man nhu cau cua hanh khach va chu hang Trong do, van tai hang hoa quoc te la linh vuc van tai hang hoa ngoai thuang xudt nhap khau giua cac nude vdi nham muc dich phat trien kinh te, giao luu van hoa, hoc hoi kinh nghiem, hop tac cung phat trien Trong mot quoc gia co the ton tai nhieu phuong thuc van tai quoc te Moi mot phuong thuc van tai deu co dac diem rieng, co su dong gop d cac muc khac cho sir phat trien cua nen kinh te xa hoi Tap hop chung lai vdi cung dap ung nhu cau van chuyen cua xa hoi mot each toi da va tao nen he thong van tai quoc lap lai tai cac ga ky thuat noi dia nhu cac toa xe chuyen chd hang noi dia khac, hang lien v&n phai thuc hien tac nghiep chuyen tai tai ga giao tiep giua dudng sat hai nude lan can; ve mat thu tuc thuang vu, ngoai cac gia'y td chuyen chd nhu hang noi dia, hang lien van can phai co day du cac loai giay td khac theo dung quy dinh cua cac nude tham gia lien van, van don giri hang chi lap mot lan tai ga di cua dudng sat nude di theo dung mlu va so lupng quy dinh cua to chuc lien van Q r r 1.2 Cac chi tieu danh gia str phat trien dich vu van tai hang hoa quoc te cua DN * Khdi lucmg hang hoa van chuyen: la khoi luqng hang hoa (ti'nh bang tan) du kien ke hoach da thuc hien duqc mot don vi thdi gian (1 thang, quy hay nam) ii * Khoi luang luan chuyen hang hoa hay luong quay vong hang hoa (T.km) la tich so giua khoi luong hang hoa van chuyen (tan) va khoang each di chuyen cua chung khong gian (cu ly van chuyen co don vi la tan/km) * Chung loai cac mat hang van chuyen: Hang hoa la tai san cua t6 chiic, ca nhan thue DN van chuyen bang dudng sat * Thi phan van tai la ty so giua nhu cau van tai ma loai phuong tien (DN) gianh duqc so vdi tdng nhu cau van tai * Doanh thu van tai: Doanh thu van tai la so tien ma nguoi san xuat van tai thu duqc ban san pham van tai cua minh mot khoang thdi gian nhat dinh * Lai nhuan van tai 1.3 Nhan to anh huffng den phat trien dich vu van tai hang hoa qudc te cua DN Cac nhan to anh huong bao gom cac nhan to ben trong: nguon luc cong ty, co so vat chat ky thuat, trinh can bo lam cong tac, Cac nhan to ben ngoai gom: Doi thu canh tranh' Moi DN van tai deu phai chap nhan su canh tranh phuc tap cua cac DN hoat dong cac phuong thuc van tai khac va cua cac phuong tien van tai cung mot phuong thuc van tai Su canh tranh bat buoc cac DN khong ngung nang cao chat luong dich vu cua minh Nha cung cap: La cac DN, ca nhan dam bao cung ung cac yeu to can thiet cho DN va cac doi thu canh tranh de co the san xuat hang hoa dich vu nhat dinh Cac kenh phan phoi: giup cho DN to chuc tot viec tieu thu san pham hang hoa dich vu cua minh toi nguoi mua cuoi cung Day la nhung dai ly ban buon, ban le, dai ly doc quyen, cac cong ty kho van * Dieu kien cong nghe ky thuat Bao gom cac nhan to gay tac dong anh huong den cong nghe moi, sang tao san pham va co hoi thi trubng moi *Ca che chinh sach Bao gom he thong phap luat va cac van ban dudi luat, cac cong cu chinh sach cua Nha nude, td chuc bo may va co che dieu hanh cua Chinh phu va cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hoi Su tac dong cua co che chinh sach phan anh tac dong can thiep cua cac chu the quan ly vT mo toi kinh doanh cua DN 77 San - Ha Noi - Hai Phong, Con Minh - Lao Cai - Ha Noi - Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh, va vanh dai kinh td Viet - Trung vong quanh vinh Bac Bo Khi mang duong sSt xuyen A hoan chinh, ngoai hai cua khau lien van quoc te vdi Trung Qudc chung ta se co cua khau Mu Gia vdi CHDCND Lao va cua khau Loe Ninh vdi Campuchia, r cac ga cua cang Ha Long/ Cai Lan va cang Hai Phong la nhung diem tiep nhan va chuyen giao hang hoa cua DSVN vdi cac nudc Phat trien ca sd tang dudng sat cac tuyen dudng lien van phai dap ung nhu cau nudc cung nhu phu hop vdi phat trien dudng sat lien van tuong lai, dap ung cac tieu chuan qudc te (co su tham khao cac tieu chuan dac biet ve khai thac - ky thuat ap dung tren DS Trung Qudc), dam bao lien van hanh vdi cac tuyen dudng sat qudc te dac biet tai cac diem ket ndi giua cac dudng sat DSVN can dua nhung giai phap phat trien co sd tang tren co sd nghien cuu thuc trang va quy hoach phat trien dudng sat cua Viet nam va Trung Qudc, cung nhu xu hudng phat trien van tai sat thdi gian tdi - Dau tit xay dung tuyen dudng tieu chuan Ha Noi - Lao Cai Cac toa xe Trung Qudc deu la kho tieu chuan 1435mm, dd tuyen Ha Noi - Lao Cai kho dudng la 1000mm Hang hoa nhap khau qua ga deu phai chuyen tai sang toa hoac sang true, dan den lam tang chi phi van chuyen cung nhu mat nhieu thdi gian dd dong toa xe d sd giao tiep Nguon dau tu cd thd la cua nganh hoac keu goi cac phan kinh te khac tham gia cung dau tu r a - Nang cao chat luctng cau dud'ng + Uu tien tap trung nguon luc vao nang cap cac diem giam tdc gan cac khu doan lien ke cd tdc cao, nham dam bao an toan chay tau va dam bao dau tu hieu qua nang cao tdc chay tau Tranh tinh trang xen lan cac diem giam tdc khong phat huy cao nhat tdc cho phep cua ca khu doan va lam mat an toan chay tau; Cai tao binh dien tuyen, cai tao ban kinh dudng cong de nang cao tdc chay r r r A r tau; Cai tao tuyen, cai tao trac doc tuyen, tan dung dong nang du tru bang each ket hap vdi cac giai phap ve binh dien de cai tao nang cao tdc tai nhung dudng cong dudi chan doc, tao dieu kien doan tau tich luy du dong nang de tang tdc vuqt doc; 78 + Tang cuong kien true tang tren dam bao chieu day, chat luong da ba lat theo dung tieu chuan ky thuat 30 ± cm, tang cuong mat ta vet de dap ung yeu cau chay tau neu can, tang cuong nang cao toe do, tang cuong toe dp thong qua ghi theo hudng thang, thay the bang ta vet be tong cot thep du ung luc phu kien dan hoi - Xay dung them dudng ga, kho bai Khoi luong hang hoa xuat nhap qua hai cua khau Lao Cai - Son Yeu va Dong Dang - Bang Tuong d mot so thdi diem tang manh da khien cac ga tren hai tuyen dung trudc mot thuc trang khdng the tiep nhan duoc them hang neu khdng giai quyet triet de dupe mot sd han che nhu: nang luc ddn gui, nang luc thdng qua, nang luc chua cua kho bai De giai quyet cac van de neu tren phai thuc hien cac giai phap sau: + Xay dung them dudng ddn gui cac ga Lang Thip va Mau Dong la nhung ga cd 02 dudng, vdi nhung ga cd 03 dudng, cd 01 dudng xep dd hang hoa nhu Bao Ha, Vu En, Huong Canh, Phuc Yen can tap trung luong hang ve cac ga diem de dd hoac md them dudng, xay dung them 01 dudng tai ga Phu Due, Van Phu phuc vu cong tac ddn gui va dap ung nhu cau chuyen chd cang ldn phuc vu Tp Viet Tri va khu vuc phia nam cua tinh Yen Bai, keo dai dudng xep dd va lam them 01 dudng ga xe d Mau A phuc vu cong tac hai quan LVQT, khao sat dia hinh ga Lao Cai tang cuong chua xe cho ga, chuan bi quy dat de phat trien ga tuong lai Ddi vdi ga Dong Dang can chuan bi quy dat de phat trien ga tuong lai Tai ga Yen Vien can thiet xay dung dudng xep dd 15B ben canh dudng 15 de to chuc chuyen tai hang tu toa xe kho dudng 1435 mm sang toa xe kho dudng 1000 mm + Tang cuong nang luc thdng qua cac khu gian han che: ddi vdi tuyen phia Tay la khu gian Thai Van - Pho Lu, nang lire hien cd 17 ddi tau/ dem bang A X each md them ga Cau Nhd, khu gian Vu En - Am Thuong nang luc hien co 19 doi/ dem da khai thac het 19 doi/ dem, can xay dung them tai Vu En va Am Thuong mdi ga them 01 dudng don gui Giai phap lau dai nang cao nang luc tuyen 79 phia Tay la dau tu viec nan tuyen sang huu ngan song Hong va dau tu dong bo trang thiet bi van tai va thong tin hieu; + Can nghien cuu xay dung tai ga Dong Dang kho, bai hang container theo tieu chuan hien dai, tien hanh md rong them bai hang container tai ga Lao Cai Tai ga Yen Vien cai tao lai bai xep hang nang ben canh duong 15 de phuc vu hang nang; - Cai tao lai he thong thong tin tin hieu Thong tin tin hieu: thay the thiet bi the duong bang thiet bi dong duong ban tu dong tu ga Tien Kien den ga Lao Cai va tu ga Bac Giang den ga Dong Dang Nang cap trang bi tin hieu tai cac duong ngang, cac duong ngang co nguoi gac dupe trang bi thiet bi thong bao tu dong va tin hieu canh bao tu dong, cac duong ngang khong co nguoi gac phoi hop vdi cap quan ly lap dat thiet bi canh bao tu dong Tat ca cac ga dupe nang cap thiet bi lien khoa, hien dai hoa tren co sd tu dong hoa quay ghi, xay dung he thong thiet bi tin hieu tap trung dien hoa, kiem tra tinh trang doan tau va dieu khien tap trung Xay dung he thong giam sat chay tau va giam sat kiem vi tinh Trang bi he thong cap nguon chuyen dung cho tat ca cac ga, co tram bien the rieng, ket noi true tiep vdi dudng dien qudc gia Xay dung he thong thong tin vo tuyen doan tau mat dat Dd nang cao an toan chay tau, tang nang luc thong qua, nang luc chuyen cho thi giai phap nang cap he thong thong tin tin hieu la mot cac giai phap dua lai hieu qua cao neu so sanh vdi viec xay dung mdi hoac nang cap cai tao co sd tang, do giai phap nang cap h? thong thong tin tin hieu cua cac tuyen dudng lien van qudc te can dupe quan tam nhieu hon nua - Thuc hien dien hoa van tai dudng sat Dien hoa van tai dudng sat can dupe dat nhu mot khia canh chien lupc phat tridn cua Nganh van tai dudng sat, viec xac dinh tuydn dudng dien hoa can 80 dugc nghien cuu xem xet vi chi tai cac tuyen dudng co khoi luong luan chuyen ldn Ngay boi canh the gidi gia nhien lieu tang cao va xu hudng cang khan hiem nguon cung cap nhien lieu thi dien hoa nganh van tai x x x dudng sat cang phai dugc tien hanh khan truong, kinh nghiem cua dudng sat Nga r y r r cho thay chi so hieu qua kinh te (dugc bang ti le chi phi nang lugng tren gia chuyen chd) viec keo tau bang nang lugng dien, tot hon - lan so vdi hinh thuc su dung dau may diesel, dieu cd dugc la tinh hieu qua cua viec su dung cao cua nguon nang lugng dien (theo muc tieu thu rieng viec keo tau thi r \ > A tiet kiem dat dugc gan lan so vdi cac loai nang lugng khac), tdc gia nhien lieu diesel tang nhanh hon nhieu so vdi nang lugng dien va viec khai thac san xuat nhien lieu diesel du doan se giam (dieu duong nhien se anh hudng den gia cua chung) Viec tiep tuc hgc tap nghien cuu va hgp tac vdi cac dudng sat cac nudc de A ' A A phat trien cac tuyen dudng dien hoa la mot viec rat thiet thuc va viec can r r r r dudng Nganh dudng sat va cac cap quan ly quan tarn va gap rut tien hanh (4) Giaiphap phat trien phuang tien van tdi Phat trien phuong tien van tai la mot ddi hoi cap bach cua DSVN, nhat la bdi canh nhu cau van tai sat nhung nam gan day tang manh va thay ddi ca ve chat va lugng Phuong tien van tai cua nganh da phan la lac hau, dau may su dung khong nhidu nhung nhieu chung loai, gom nhieu the he san xuat khac cd ca cac loai san xu&t ttr nhung nam 1970, sd d£u may cd cdng suat nho chiem ty trgng ldn, so lugng toa xe hang dugc san xuat tu nhieu nudc khac r r > - Hap tdc, lien doanh lien ket vdi cac hang cdng nghiep che tao dau may toa r t > xe, phu tung phu kien thiet bi, to chuc sua chua vd phuc hoi nang cao chat luang a dau may toa xe theo cac tieu chuan mdi; nghien cuu cdng nghe, thiet ke cai tao, cung ung vat tu phu tung thiet bi cho dau may toa xe Day la mot hudng ma dudng sat cac nudc Ddng Au da va dang thuc hien hoan canh thieu kinh phi 81 dong mdi cac thiet bi van tai, ngoai nganh dudng sat Viet Nam cung da thuc hien cong giai phap thdi gian qua Nganh da to chuc, kiem tra, giam dinh danh gia chat lugng cac cum thiet bi, phu tung dau may toa xe; chuan hoa cac Z Z A * Z A thiet bi, cac cum thiet bi ca ban cua dau may theo hudng chi phuc hoi cac cum thiet bi cu dat dugc cac tieu chuan ky thuat; lua chon thay the cac cum thiet bi da su Z A dung lau, lac hau bang cac cum thiet bi mdi cd tinh nang ky thuat cao, dap ung nhu cau khai thac thuc te hien theo hudng dam bao tinh dong bo va tuang thich Hien mot so lugng ldn cac toa xe hang chd ly, viec dai tu, hoan cai keo dai tudi tho mot sd toa xe can tiep tuc dugc nganh quan tarn, can thiet cd su tham gia tich cue cua cac cong ty thiet ke, che tao de len phuong an kinh te keo dai thdi gian su dung cua nhung toa xe - W/r dung day chuyen sua chua ldn cac dau may ldn nude, lap rap dau may mrdc Ro rang vdi viec mua mdi hang loat dau may cd cong suat ldn 1.800 CV den 1.900 CV va ke hoach td chuc lap rap dau may theo md hinh dau may “Ddi mdi” tai Viet nam, lap rap dau may nudc la mot hudng di dung, tir day dan den viec chuyen giao cong nghe giua cac ddi tac phia Trung Qudc va Nha may xe lira Gia lam de hinh cong nghiep lap rap, che tao dau may diesel cua DSVN Tuy nhien kinh nghiem cho thay su hgp tac chi thuc su hieu qua va chac chac dugc sir ung ho cua cac cap Bo, nganh va Chinh phu giua hai nudc Xay dung day chuyen sua chua ldn cac dau may diesel truyen dong dien nudc la mot viec can thiet Hien viec sua chua ldn cac dau may cong suat ldn van phai dua sang dai tu tai Trung Qudc, viec xay dung day chuyen sua chua ldn tai Viet Nam se gop phan giam chi phi va giup Dudng Sat VN chu dong san xuat kinh doanh r a - Xay dung cac day truyen dong mdi hien dai de san xuat cac loai toa xe, f ? r r y a gia chuyen, phu tung theo cac tieu chuan qudc te nham dap ung nhu cau niede va tien tdi xuat khau 82 Trong nam 2005 -2010, DSVN dong mdi khoang 2000 toa xe hang de dap ung nhu edu chuyen chd cua nen kinh te quoc dan va thay the dan cac toa xe hang ■> co thdi gian su dung tren 30 nam Xac dinh dong mdi cac toa xe hang co the lien van hanh tren dudng sat Trung Quoc, tham gia lien van quoc te la viec phai lam can z z r thiet Viec thieu hut toa xe xep hang cua nhu cau cap xep tren dudng sat Trung a r r r Quoc md kha nang hop tac khai thac toa xe hang giua DSVN va Dudng sat Trung Quoc DSVN can tham gia Hiep dinh su dung toa xe lien van quoc te, tuan thu cac tieu chuan ky thuat dam bao lien van hanh vdi dudng sat Trung Quoc cho cac toa xe dong mdi cua DSVN Dieu tao dieu kien cho DSVN thuc hien dung cam ket ve thdi gian su dung toa xe Trung Quoc tren DSVN, giam so gid thue xe r z ' t Trung Quoc va chu dong phat trien lien van hang hoa quoc te va tuong lai co the can doi duqc thu chi viec su dung toa xe giua dudng sat hai nudc Toa xe hang Viet Nam dong can phai nghien cuu dung ket cau, vat lieu nhe hon hqp nhom thay cho vat lieu sat thep thong thudng cho ty le giua tai/ tu dat chi sd khai thac cao nhat dap ung hieu qua khai thac va phu hqp cac chi so ky thuat tieu chuan cua Trung Quoc co the tham gia lien van quoc te - Tiep tuc hup tac, keu goi cac Cong ty nwffc va nudc ngoai tham gia phat trien phuong tien van tai bang cac hinh thuc: dong mdi cac toa xe, doan tau, dua cac phuffng tien van tai de tham gia khai thac tren DSVN Viec cac Cong ty nudc va nudc ngoai tham gia phat trien van tai de dua vao khai thac tren DSVN la mot hudng di dung dan, chinh dieu ngoai viec bu dap thieu hut nguon von dau tu cho nganh ma dua lai suc manh canh tranh mdi nganh van tai dudng sat va thu hut them nguon hang on dinh lau dai cho z nganh dudng sat r r - Sd dung toi uu toa xe cua Trung Quoc khai thac tren DSVN Su dung toi uu toa xe Trung Quoc tren DSVN luon la van de quan tam cua cac cap quan ly Cac cap quan ly ap dung cac bien phap kien quyet giam ve thdi gian dong toa xe tai cac ga, nang cao nang luc giai phong toa xe, day nhanh thdi 83 gian dua hang, khong che thoi gian toa xe cap xep, han che pham vi hoat dong cua toa xe Trung Quoc Tuy nhien danh gia hieu qua cua viec su dung toa xe Trung Quoc can phai tiep tuc nghien cuu dung tren quan diem kinh te chu khong the chi dua vao cac bien phap quan ly mang tinh hanh chinh Boi vi thuc te luong hang theo toa xe Trung Quoc cho den cac ga cua DSVN (tuy theo kho duong, tuyen duong, lam lai van don hoac khong), viec to chuc dieu toa xe cap xep sau xong cho cac ga khac, hoac cho hang quay cho lai tai ga dd, hay tra rong lai cho DS Trung Quoc can duoc tinh toan cho su dung toa xe Trung Quoc co lqi nhat (5) Giaiphap phat trien cdng nghe dirdng sdt Ung dung, phat trien cac giai phap cdng nghe tien tien hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh de phat trien nganh dudng sat la dudng di ngan nhat de thuc hien cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa nganh dudng sat Phuong hudng phat trien cdng nghe cua nganh la: md rong hop tac vdi cac dudng sat cac nudc vdi cac td chuc qudc te de tranh thu cac tuu khoa hoc ky thuat, hop tac chat che vdi cac trudng dai hoc, cac vien nghien cuu va cac co sd nudc viec phat trien khoa hoc cdng nghe ung dung nganh dudng sat Thudng xuyen lien tuc, hoan thien he thdng quan ly, cac day truyen san xuat, kinh doanh theo hudng nang dong hieu qua - Phat trien cdng nghe van tdi Nghien cuu cac giai phap khoa hoc cdng nghe tang nang luc thdng qua tren ket cau tang hien cd la hudng di can thiet dieu kien von dau tu han che Can thiet tham khao kinh nghiem cua dudng sat cac nudc viec td chuc chay cac doan tau sieu dai ap dung cho mot cac khu doan cd nang luc thdng qua han che Ap dung van chuydn da phuong thuc, van chuyen hang hoa, hanh khach qua canh va lien van qudc te, van chuyen tir kho tdi kho va tir nha tdi nha, van chuyen bang container Can phai nghien cuu cdng nghe van tai de phat trien luong hang qua canh di/ den Trung Qudc qua Viet Nam thdng qua cac cang bien 84 Trong van tai hang hoa can thiet xay dung cong nghe van tai tien tien vdi viec ap dung khoa hoc cong nghe tien tien cong tac giao nhan, xep do, quan ly bai hang, chuyen cho hang hoa, giam sat viec dua hang va toan Hien tren the gidi nhieu nudc da ung dung nhung tuu mdi nhat cua khoa hoc ky thuat vao linh vuc chi huy dieu hanh chay tau vi vay ddi vdi nganh DSVN can tiep thu cong nghe tien tien vao linh vuc dieu hanh van tai cho phu hop vdi dieu kien cua Vi$t Nam va tung budc dua cong tac dieu hanh chay tau cua nudc ta tien kip vdi trinh cua dudng sat cac nudc khu vuc va tren the gidi Viec trang bi cac thiet bi giam sat va dieu khien chay tau tu dong tung budc va tien tdi toan bo, trudc mat ap dung he thdng tu dong giam sat toe chay tau va ty dong giam sat cac dudng ngang, anh bao tu dong Hoan thien he thdng ban ve qua dien thoai, internet Xay dung mdi he thdng tu dong tim hieu, cung cap thdng tin chung ve dudng sat, chi dan va bao gid tau tai cac ga, tien tdi xay dung he thdng ban ve tu dong Ap dung cac cong nghe van tai theo xu hudng tiet kiem chi phi nang luong Nang cap va hien dai hoa he thdng nha ga va trang thiet bi phuc vu, boc xep dd hang hoa Nang cap trang bi phuc vu tren cac doan tau tivi video, dien thoai, ndi mang internet, games - Phat trien edng nghe thdng tin Ung dung cong nghe thdng tin vao tat ca cac khau cac he tir ky thuat cung ung thdng tin chung ve dudng sat, thdng tin gid tau va ban ve tu dong, quan ly kinh te ky thuat, gia vat tu thiet bi tai cac he tir cu quan Tdng Cong ty den cac dun vi Thanh lap cac trung tarn cong nghe tin hoc Vdi cong nghe thdng tin tin hieu Kdt ndi hoa nhap he thdng thdng tin dudng sat vdi qudc gia, quan doi Xay dung trung tarn vien thdng dudng sat phuc vu van tai Dua cac thiet bi hien dai de khai thac tdi da cu sd vat chat ky thuat, lap dat tin hieu ban tu dong tren toan bo 85 mang duong sit Tai cac nut co chai cua duong sat ap dung tin hieu tu dong hai chieu de nang cao nang luc thong qua LSp dat he thdng canh bao tu dong va chan dudng ngang tu dong He thong giam sat tu dong dudng ngang va cac loai hinh thiet bi khac phuc vu cho dung tau tu dong, giam sat va dieu hanh chay tau trung tam (6) Gidiphap khac - Xay dung cac quy dinh thudng phat vd khuyen khich kinh te Do dac thu cua vide thue toa xe hang phuc vu cho van chuydn lien van la phi thue toa xe hang luon tang luy tien theo thdi gian va sir dung bang dong tien ngoai td manh, cho ndn can phai co cac quy dinh rieng, dac thu de giam phi sir dung toa xe va tang kha nang sinh loi cua toa xe: Tidp tuc hoan thien cac co che phat dong toa xe, tidp tuc hoan thien co che toan, xay dung mdi dinh mire ve thdi gian dong xe, luu gift xe ; Co che’ khuyen khich thudng cho cac don vi tim luong hang chieu sir dung toa xe Trung Qudc hop ly; Xay dung cac quy dinh ve phat kinh te sir dung toa xe hang Trung Qudc keo dai thdi gian chd do, chd keo , gay thiet hai ve kinh te - Gidi phap nang cao nang luc su dung dau may toa xe vd hoan thien edng tdc van tdi tai cac ga lien van qudc te + Phan bo deu luong hang ngoai thuong theo thdi gian nam, theo tung quy, tung thang (ngoai cac nguon hang theo mua vu) + Kip thdi lap va gui cac doan tau theo dung lich chay da thoa thuan + Rut ngan thdi gian quay vong dau may va toa xe, co viec phdi hop tot lich chay tau hang lien van va noi dia theo hudng giam tdi da thdi gian dong tai ga bien gidi + Kip thdi thu hoi toa xe rong sau hang va thuc day nhanh viec tra lai r r r dudng sat chu sd huu, co viec bo tri tdi hop viec tuong tac giua cac doan tau hang lien van qudc te va cac doan tau hang nudc + Hoan thien he thdng trao doi thdng tin giua cac ga bien gidi ve hang hoa va toa xe hien co va dang den gan cac ga bien gidi 86 container + Thong bao va phoi hop kiem tra cung vdi cac to chuc ngoai thuong ve chit lugng bao bi va dong goi de dam bao hang hoa qua trinh chuyen cho duoc nguyen ven, tranh viec phai kiem dinh chuyen tai r r - Gidi phap dao tao nhan lire hoat dong linh vu’e lien van quoc te Yeu to ngudi bao gid cung la yeu td quan trong su phat trien cua bat cu mot nganh nghe nao De dam bao lgi ich cho nganh DSVN qua trinh hoi nhap qudc te tuong lai, nganh phai co chien luge cu the dao tao nguon nhan luc co trinh chuyen mon vung cung nhu trinh ngoai ngu gidi Viec dao tao phai co lo trinh va chia cac giai doan cu the de luon luon cd nguon nhan luc ke can Tinh chat dac thu cua cdng tac lien van qudc te la phai tinh thdng nghiep vu chuyen mon, van dung cac van ban phap ly lien van qudc te de ap dung hieu qua nhat cdng tac san xuat kinh doanh va dieu hanh quan ly Cdng viec doi hoi mdi can bo cdng nhan vien tham gia lien van phai cd trinh chuyen mon va trinh ngoai ngu tuong ung Hien trinh ngoai ngu tieng Trung va Nga (hai ngon ngu chinh cua OSZD), tieng Anh (ngon ngu giao dich cua UIC va Hiep hoi dudng sat ASEAN) cua cac can bo cdng nhan tham gia lien van yeu Do viec td chuc hgc tap trau ddi trinh chuyen mon va ngoai ngu la mot viec can thiet, cd can bo cdng nhan vien sang hoc tap each thuc td chuc dieu hanh cdng tac lien van qudc te cua ban x r Ngay tir bay gid can phai dao tao, bd sung doi ngu chuyen gia ke can cd trinh chuyen mon va ngoai ngu theo yeu cau cua cdng tac, hoat dong chuyen trach va dam nhan cac mang chuyen mon phu trach Lam dugc viec khong chi cd lgi cho cdng tac lien van ma giam tdi da cac chi phi lien quan den cdng tac bien dich, phien dich va chi phi di lai hoi hop Mat khac doi ngu chuyen gia cd the tiep 87 can tai lieu chuyen mon, cac thong tin huu ich cua dudng sat cac nudc co the ap dung cong tac san xuat kinh doanh cua Dudng sat Viet nam - Phdi hap tdt vai cac co' quan huu quan: Hai quan, y te va cac tinh bien giai nffi co cua khau dudng sat de tao dieu kien tdt nhat cho viec phat trien van tai lien van dudng sat qudc te Cung cac co quan huu quan va Uy ban Nhan dan tinh bien gidi noi co cua khau dudng sat tao dieu kien thong thoang, don gian hoa cac thu tuc lien quan den cong tac xuat nhap khau cho cac lo hang di bang dudng sat Rut ngan thdi gian chd doi cac thu tuc lien quan den Hai quan va kiem dich tai cac ga lien van va ga bien gidi Tranh thu su ung ho cua Uy ban Nhan dan cac tinh bien gidi noi co cua khau dudng sat tao dieu kien cho viec phat trien co sd vat chat ky thuat cua cac ga, dac t r rtf r biet la gianh quy dat de phat trien cac ga lien van quoc te va cac co sd ky thuat cua dudng sat 3.5 Kien nghi 77 r r r r De phat trien lien van hang hoa dudng sat quoc te tien tdi phat trien van tai da phuong thuc, van tai container, kien nghi Bo Nganh mot so van de sau: - Tich cuc tham gia cac to chuc quoc te, quan he chat che vdi dudng sat cac nudc dac biet la dudng sat Trung Quoc va dudng sat cac nudc OSZD, ASEAN, thuc day hoat dong van tai lien van giua DSVN va Dudng sat Trung Quoc va cac nudc OSZD khac ve van chuyen hang hoa - Tiep tuc xay dung, hoan thien bo quy tac chuyen chd hang hoa nudc theo hudng tiep can vdi quy dinh lien van hang hoa dudng sat quoc te - Cac cap Bo, Nganh xay dung bo khung phap ly hoan chinh phat trien van tai hon hop, van tai da phuong thuc, van tai container - Phat trien cac dai ly van thau lien van qudc te cua dudng sat Viet nam de ho tro cho cong tac lien van hang hoa dudng sat quoc te theo hudng tu chu va kinh doanh co lai 88 - Xay dung va hoan thien chinh sach gia cuoc thuc day phat trien lien van dudng sat quoc te - Dau tu nang cap cac tuyen dudng va co sd vat chat cac ga tren tuyen lien van quoc te, dau tu xay dung mdi dam bao lien van hanh theo cac tieu chuan lien van dudng sat quoc te r r r \ - Ap dung cong nghe tien tien viec lap rap dau may d Viet nam, dong mdi toa xe dat tieu chuan quoc te, co the lien van hanh tren dudng sat Trung Quoc - Can tham gia tich cuc vao cac Hiep dinh quoc te: hiep dinh chuyen chd hon hop, hiep dinh su dung khai thac chung container loai ldn giua DSVN vdi DSTQ r \ - Chu den dao tao nguon nhan luc co du trinh chuyen mon nghiep vu, ngoai ngu, yeu nganh phuc vu cong tac lien van qudc te 89 KET LUAN • Trong boi canh hoi nhap kinh te Viet nam vao nen kinh te the gidi, trao doi thuong mai giua Viet nam vdi cac nudc cang phat trien, lien van hang hoa dudng sat qudc te da ddng gop mot phan dang ke viec thuc day su trao ddi thuong mai Khoi luong hang hoa lien van dudng sat qudc te chiem ty cang ldn khoi luong hang hoa chuyen chd cua DSVN va ddng vai tro kich cau cho su phat trien cua van tai hang hoa noi dia Do nghien cuu lien van hang hoa dudng sit qudc te, tim cac giai phap huu hieu de phat trien thi trudng van tai la viec lam can thiet de dua vao ap dung nganh dudng sat Viet nam Qua qua trinh nghien cuu va thuc te hoat dong cdng tac lien van qudc te, ket hop vdi tham khao cac tai lieu khoa hoc lien quan, tac gia luan van da dat duqc ket qua sau: •> r r ' - Tdng ket dac diem cua dich vu van tai hang hoa qudc te ndi chung va dudng sat ndi rieng ttr rut nhung yeu cau va ddi hoi cua dudng sat qudc gia gia nhap lien van dudng sat qudc te nham dat hieu qua cao nhat - Nghien cuu danh gia thuc trang chung cua dudng sat viet nam va cdng tac lien van dudng sat qudc te, cac hoat dong phat trien dich vu van tai hang hoa qudc te cua Tdng Cdng ty DSVN, phan tich cac chi tieu ve tan hang van chuyen, co cau mat hang, khoi luqng san pham van tai - Dua he thdng cac giai phap nham phat trien lien van dudng sat qudc te, bao gom: Giai phap ve co che chinh sach, giai phap ve san pham cung cap, phat trien co sd tang, phuong tien van tai, phat trien cdng nghe dudng sat Trong pham vi luan van nay, tac gia cd gang nghien cuu nhung van de cd tinh thiet thuc nham tim cac giai phap huu hieu phat trien lien van hang hoa dudng sat qudc te Mong muon sau cang co nhieu nghien cuu ve linh vuc lien van dudng sat qudc te, di sau vao nghien cu khia canh hop tac lien van vdi Dudng sat Trung Qudc va dudng sat cac nudc OSZD cung nhu dudng sat cac nudc ASEAN de phat trien tdi da tiem nang cua su hop tac lien van dudng sat qudc te, tao dong luc phat trien DSVN tuong lai 90 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • “Bao cao ve doi mdi sap xep Dudng sat Viet nam 2011 - 2015 ”, Tdng Cong ty DSVN Tran Van Binh, Tran Ngoc Minh, Bui Xuan Phong, Cao Minh Trudng r r , (2005), “Giao trinh hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh van tdi dudng sat”, Dai hoc GTVT Cac sd lieu thdng kd cua Ban v&n chuydn Tdng cdng ty Dudng sdt Viet Nam “Hiep dinh ve Quy tac toan lien van hanh khach va hang hoa qudc td” (1998), Lien hiep dudng sat Viet Nam Nguydn Van Diep, Chu Kieu Linh, Nguydn Thi Tudng Vi, Do Thi Ngoc Diep (2003), “Giao trinh Kinh te Van tdi”, Trudng Dai hoc GTVT Nguydn Huu Ha (1999), “Dieu khien chay tau tren dudng sat”, NXB Giao thdng van tai Ha Noi Nguydn Huu Ha (2001), Cong nghe van tdi hang hod vd hanh khach tren dudng sat, Giao trinh sau dai hoc, Trudng Dai hoc GTVT Ha Noi “Hiep dinh lien van hang hoa dudng sat qudc td SMGS” (1998), Nha xuat ban Giao thdng van tai Hiep dinh vd quy tac su dung toa xe lien van qudc td (1998), Lien hiep dudng sat viet nam 10 Lich su Dudng sat Viet Nam (1994), Nha xuat ban Lao dong 11 Nghien cuu chien luoc phat tridn giao thdng van tai ben vung d Viet nam VITRANSS - thang 4/2009 12 Le Quan, Nguydn Thi Hoai An (1999), “Giao trinh To chuc cong tdc lien van dudng sat qudc te”, Trudng Dai hoc GTVT 13 Le Quan (2007), “Giao trinh To chuc van chuyen hang hoa vd thuong vu tren dudng sat”, Trudng Dai hoc GTVT 14 Nien giam thdng ke Dudng sat Viet nam cac nam 2006 - 2008; 2009 - 2011 91 15 Nghi dinh thu lAn thu XXXV (Hoi nghi dubng sat bien gidi giua Bo GTVT nuoc CHXHCN Viet Nam va Bo duong sat nuoc CHND Trung Hoa lan thu 35) (2011), Nha xuSt ban GTVT 16 Quy hoach va dieu chinh quy hoach tong the phat trien giao thong van tai Duong sat Viet Nam den nam 2020, tarn nhin den nam 2030 - Bo Giao thong van tai 17 Trang web www.gso.gov.vn - Tong cue Thong ke