Phát triển dịch vụ phân phối hàng hoá ở việt nam trong điều kiện hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế

TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN NGUYEN THUY HIEN PHAT TRlEN DICH VU PHAN PHOl HANG HOA d VIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE Chuyen nganh: Kinh te chinh tri LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • THONG TIN THLTVIEN Ngud’i huong dan khoa hoc: TS Trln Viet TiSn Ha Noi- 2007 LOI CAM ON Truoc het toi xin chan cam on cac thay co giao o bo mon Kinh te chinh tri, khoa Mac - Lenin Truong dai hoc kinh te quoc dan cung toan the ban be da giup toi hoan cuon luan van Toi cung xin bay to long biet on sau sic toi TS Tran Viet Tien, nguoi da tao dieu kien, giup toi rat nhieu qua trinh viet luan van Tuy tac gia da co nhieu co gang viec nghien cuu de tai luan van song chac chan luan van khong the tranh khoi nhung khiem khuyet ca ve noi dung va hinh thuc, rat mong nhan duoc nhung y kien dong gop cua ban doc Ha Noi, thang 10 nam 2007 Nguyen Thuy Hien MUC • LUC • Trang r r Danh muc cac chir viet tat •> X X Danh muc bang, bieu, thi va so’ Tom tat luan van MO DAU CHUONG1 nhuNg van de co ban ve phat trien dich vu PHAN PHOI HANG HOA O VIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE 1.1 Dich vu phan phoi hang hoa va tinh tat yeu phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa o’ Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 1.1.1 Dich vu phan phoi hang hoa va xu hudng phat trien cua dich vu phan phoi hang hoa 1.1.2 Tinh tat yeu phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa d Viet Nam 13 dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 1.2 Dac diem va nhung nhan to anh huoTig den phat trien dich 24 vu phan phoi hang hoa o’ Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 1.2.1 Dac diem phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa d Viet Nam 24 dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 1.2.2 Nhung nhan to anh hudng den phat trien dich vu phan phoi 27 hang hoa d Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 1.3 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa o’ mot 33 so niroc O / Tong quan kinh nghiem nghien cuu cua mot so nude ve phat 33 trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa 1.3.2 Cac bai hoc rut nghien cuu kinh nghiem phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa cua Thai Lan, Nhat Ban va Malaysia 38 CHlTONG II THUC TRANG DICH VU PHAN PHOI HANG HOA 40 VIET NAM 2.1 Tinh hinh phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa if Viet 40 Nam thoi gian qua 2.1.1 Dich vu ban buon 2.1.2 Dich vu ban le 41 48 r Danh gia chung ve thuc trang dich vu phan phoi hang hoa x 2.2 59 6-Viet Nam 2.2.1 Nhung tuu cua dich vu phan phoi hang hoa b Viet Nam 59 thoi gian qua 2.2.2 Nhung ton tai va nguyen nhan cua nhung ton tai phat 63 trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa cr Viet Nam thoi gian qua CHVONG III QUAN DIEM VA GIAI PHAP NHAM PHAT TRIEN 71 DICH VU• PHAN PHOI HANG HOA O VIET NAM • • TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE THCH GIAN TOil 3.1 Xu hubng phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa o' Viet 71 Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 3.2 Quan diem phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa ff Viet r r Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te x 3.3 75 r X •> X Cac giai phap nham phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa 80 o' Viet Nam thoi gian toi 3.3.1 Cac giai phap vT mo 80 3.3.2 Cac giai phap vi mo 94 KET LUAN 99 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 100 BANG CH l7 VIET TAT Xa hoi chu nghia XHCN Hiep dinh Thuong mai song phuong BTA He thong phan loai cac nganh va phan nganh CPC Cong ty trach nhiem huu han TNHH Doanh nghiep nha nude DNNN Dien dan hop tac kinh te Chau A Thai Binh Duong APEC Khu vuc mau dich tu ASEAN AFTA Thanh Ho Chi Minh TPHCM Trung tarn thuong mai TTTM Dien dan hop tac kinh te A - Au ASEM To chuc thuong mai the gidi WTO Lien minh chau Au EU DANH MUC BANG, BIEU, DO THI VA SO DO TT Ten noi dung bang, thi Mau bieu so Bang 2.1 Tong hop co cau chq tren to an quoc den nam 2006 r r Trang 42 Bang 2.2 Mang ludi cho dau moi nong san tren ca nude den nam 2006 44 Bang 2.3 Tong muc ban le hang hoa thoi ky 1996-2005 48 Bang 2.4 Tong hop cac chi tieu ve mang luoi cho tren ca nude den nam 2006 50 Bang 2.5 Do thi 2.1 Cac loai hinh phan phoi ban le cua Viet Nam hien 57 Do thi 2.2 So luong nha phan phoi hang hoa d nude ta den nam 2007 60 Do thi 2.3 Ty lao dong cac nganh cua nen kinh te den nam 2006 62 T " / Tong hop so lieu ve sieu thi tren ca nude den nam 2006 r 52 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN NGUYEN THUY HIEN PHAT TRIEN DICH VU PHAN PHOl HANG HOA VIET NAM TRONG DlEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE Chuyen nganh: Kinh te chinh tri TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • • Ha Noi - 2007 i MO DAU Su1 can thiet cua de tai: Trong nhung nam gan day, nganh dich vu phan phoi hang hoa da phat trien rdt nhanh, da co nhung dong gop to ldn vao toe tang trudng kinh te cua ca nude, tao nhieu cong an viec lam cho xa hoi Tuy nhien, dich vu phan phoi hang hoa co the duoc coi la mot nhung nganh dich vu nhay cam, co kha nang se chiu nhieu tac dong tir qua trinh md cua thi trudng khuon kho thuc hien cac cam ket cua WTO So di coi day la nganh dich vu nhay cam vi muc phat trien cua nganh dich vu d Viet Nam kha thap, nganh lai thu hut mot luc luong lao dong ldn chua qua dao tao, thuc hien hoat dong kinh doanh mot each nho le; cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh linh vuc yeu ve nhieu mat, da va dang phai dung trudc nhieu kho khan va thach thuc yeu kem nhu yeu kem ve nang luc canh tranh, trinh cong nghe, trinh quan ly, von it va ca nhung vudng mac ve moi trudng phap ly nen rat de bi ton thuong phai duong dau vdi nhung ap luc canh tranh se duoc tao tir phia cac nha dau tu nude ngoai tham gia vao linh vuc qua trinh hoi nhap Vi vay, co the noi, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, md cua thi trudng linh vuc dich vu phan phoi hang hoa se khong chi tao nhung tac dong ve mat kinh te ma tao khong it tac dong ve mat xa hoi d Viet Nam thdi gian toi Tat ca nhung kho khan vudng mac tren can phai co giai phap dong bo de thao go, chop lay nhung co hoi phat trien ma qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te qudc te dem lai Tir nhung ly tren, tac gia da chon de tai “Phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa d Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te ” lam luan van thac sy Tinh hinh nghien cuu de tai: Dich vu phan phoi hang hoa la mot linh vuc moi, dac biet la nude ta gia nhap WTO, linh vuc da sinh nhieu van de dang quan tarn, vi vay chua co nhieu de tai nghien cuu ve no, hien moi chi co mot so nghien cuu nhu: ii - “Cac giai phap phat trien he thong phan phoi hang hoa a Viet Nam boi canh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te” cua PGS.TS Le Trinh Minh Chau, Vien Nghien cuu Thuong mai, nam 2003; - Quan tri he thong phan phoi san pham cua PGS.TS Nguyen Van Thuong - NXB Thong ke 1997; - Bo Thuong mai va GTZ: danh gia ve thi truong dich vu phan phoi cua Viet Nam, thang 12/2005; - Bo Thuong mai va GTZ: du doan ve moi truong phap ly cho dich vu phan phoi d Viet Nam, thang 12/2005 Nhung nghien cuu deu co noi dung hen quan den dich vu phan phoi hang hoa, ngoai mot so cac bai viet hay nghien cuu ve dich vu phan phoi hang hoa Viet Nam d nhieu cap khac nhau, dung tren nhieu giac nghien cuu khac Tuy nhien, nghien cuu dich vu phan phoi hang hoa dudi tac dong cua viec Viet Nam md cua thi truong dich vu phan phoi khuon kho WTO la mot de tai moi can phai duoc nghien cuu, dac biet la giai doan hien nen kinh te nude ta hoi nhap cang sau, rong vao nen kinh te the giai Vi vay, nghien cuu “Phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa d Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te” dudi goc kinh te chinh tri vln la cap thiet va mang tinh thdi su Doi twang va pham vi nghien cuu - Doi tuong nghien cuu: Dich vu phan phoi hang hoa - Pham vi nghien cuu: Noi dung: Dich vu phan phoi hang hoa co noi dung rat rong, d day, luan van chi tap trung nghien cuu dich vu ban buon va dich vu ban le hang hoa tu lieu sinh hoat iii Khong gian: Luan van nghien ctru tren pham vi ca nude Thdi gian: Chu yeu tir nam 2000 den Muc tieu nghien cuu - Gop phan lam ro mot so van de ly luan ca ban cua dich vu phan phoi hang hoa; - Danh gia thuc trang phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa d Viet Nam - Lam ro nhung tac dong cua viec thuc hien cac cam ket md cua thi trudng dich vu phan phoi hang hoa cua Viet Nam khuon kho WTO De xuat cac dinh hudng to chuc va cac giai phap nham phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa d Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te PhuoTig phap nghien ciru Luan van lay chu nghia vat bien chung, chu nghia vat lich str, phuong phap logic - lich su va mot so phuung phap nghien cuu nhu: phuung phap so sanh, phuong phap thong ke, phuung phap chuyen gia, phuung phap tong hup - phan tich, bieu de lam sang to, phong phu them ly luan nham giai quyet cac nhiem vu da de Dong gop cua luan van - Lam ro them ve dich vu phan phoi hang hoa d Viet Nam; - Ly giai nhung tac dong va nhung nhan to anh hudng den phat trien dich vu phan phoi d hang hoa Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te; ' A •> - De cac giai phap tir phia nha nude, doanh nghiep nham phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa d Viet Nam thdi gian tdi Ket cau cua luan van Ngoai phan md dau va ket luan, luan van duuc ket cau gom chuung la: 89 doanh cac thi tran, thi tu, chg cung la hat nhan de phat trien cac cum, tu diem thuong mai tren cu so phat trien cac cua hang quanh khu vuc chg cac xa, chg la noi de vira phat trien cac moi lien ket ngang va lien ket doc He thong cac thi truong trung tarn bao gom phan ldn la cac san giao dich hang hoa, trung tarn thuong mai cung la mot nhung md hinh ve su lien ket ngang can dugc phat trien Do nhung han che ve von va co so vat chat, cac doanh nghiep co the lien ket vdi de cung phat trien cac trung tarn giao dich ban buon hoac trung tarn ban le Viec hoat dong kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep trung tarn tung doanh nghiep tu quyet dinh nhung cac hoat dong cd tinh chat chung (thdng tin thi trudng va gia ca, su dung va khai thac co sd vat chat ) mot Ban quan ly dam nhiem Viec phat trien cac lien ket ngang nhu vay vira tiet kiem chi phi cho tung doanh nghiep, vira tao dieu kien de phat trien cac dich vu ho trg kinh doanh nhu tai chinh, bao hiem, tu van, giao nhan hang hoa, bao bi va bao goi Mat khac, uy tin cua cac trung tarn nhu tren dugc nang cao thi viec phat trien he thdng phan phdi va tieu thu hang hoa cua doanh nghiep se mot thuan lgi Ngay nay, tren the gidi da hinh nhieu Tap doan, Hang thuong mai va la budc phat trien cao cua cac mdi lien ket ngang Lgi ich cua phat trien cac mdi lien ket ngang chu yeu dua vao sir chuyen mon hoa va lgi the ve qui md Do cac dieu kien cua phap luat chua cho phep nen chi cd mot sd Tap doan ban buon va ban le cua cac nudc dugc phep lien doanh vdi ddi tac Viet Nam de md rong cac hinh thuc ban le dudi dang sieu thi Ngoai du an thi diem cua Tap doan thuong mai va ban le qudc te Metro Cash & Carry (Due) da dugc Chinh phu cho phep dau tu khoang 150 trieu Euro de xay dung trung tarn ban hang tren ca nudc mot sd de xay dung va kinh doanh sieu thi nhu Maco (Ha Lan), Carrefour (Phap) Mot sd doanh nghiep nudc nhu Tong cong ty thuong mai Sai Gon, Lien hiep Hgp tac xa mua ban phd Hd Chi Minh da phat trien dugc mot sd sieu thj ban le hien dai va cd uy tin, hieu qua kinh doanh tang len ro ret Theo danh gia cua nhieu chuyen gia, sieu thi hien la noi tieu thu khoang 70% hang hoa san xuAt nudc 90 va la mot nhtrng noi ban le nhieu mat hang co chat luong bao dam, dich vu phuc vu khach hang chu dao Day la mot loai md hinh lien ket co nhieu trien vong phat trien tuong lai, no phu hop vdi cac loai hinh doanh nghiep thuong mai chi hoat dong mot khau (ban budn hoac ban le) nhung kinh doanh tdng hop nhieu mat hang Neu doanh nghiep tap trung vao sd it cac mat hang hoac chuyen doanh thi md hinh can phat trien se la cac lien ket doc tap doan Ben canh viec xac lap md hinh lien ket dich vu phan phdi nha nudc can cd chinh sach khuyen khich cac md hinh lien ket phat trien, mot nhung khuyen khich la khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep dau tu vao tang co sd vat chat cho nganh dich vu phan phdi hang hoa theo qui hoach, nhat la he thdng phan phdi hien dai, lam nen tang cho luu thdng hang hoa theo hudng cang van minh, hien dai Ben canh nha nudc cung can khuyen khich va ho tro cac doanh nghiep to chuc cac doan khao sat, tham quan, hoc tap kinh nghiem cua nudc ngoai ve phat trien he thdng phan phdi hang hoa hien dai va ap dung bien phap thuc day cac doanh nghiep phat trien he thdng phan phdi rieng - Khuyen khich viec xay dung he thdng phan phdi hien dai giua cac doanh nghiep nudc vdi cac nha phan phdi nudc ngoai Khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep linh vuc su dung trang thiet bi va ky thuat hien dai phan phdi, nang cao trinh cdng nghe thdng tin Khuyen khich cac nha dau tu ddi mdi cdng nghe, ddi mdi trang thiet bi cac cua hang, phat trien chudi sieu thi, phat trien theo hudng hien dai se dupe uu dai viec mien, giam thue - Khuydn khich cac doanh nghiep hoat dong linh vuc phan phdi cd lien quan thuc hien viec sat nhap, cai td lai va lien ket vdi de md rong quy md phan phdi va ap dung cdng nghe phan phdi hien dai, tu hinh nen mot sd hang, tap doan phan phdi manh de hinh cac tap doan phan phdi cd qui md ldn, tidm luc manh, du sue canh tranh vdi cac tap doan phan phdi nudc ngoai gia nhap vao thi trudng Viet Nam Xem xet viec lap Qui phat trien ket cau 91 tang thuong mai voi su tham gia dong gop cua ca nha nuoc, doanh nghiep phan phoi va nha san xuat hang hoa de tao nen moi gan ket chat che hon he thong - Khuyen khich su dung trang thiet bi va ky thuat hien dai phan phoi, nang cao trinh cong nghe thong tin Khuyen khich cac nha dau tu doi mdi cdng nghe, doi mdi trang thiet bi cac cua hang, phat trien chuoi sieu thi, phat trien theo hudng hien dai se duoc uu dai viec mien, giam thue - Doi vdi cac cac cua hang cua ho kinh doanh don le chuyen tir phan phdi truyen thdng sang phan phdi hien dai, Nha nudc cung phai cd ho tro ho nhu dao tao ky nang ban hang, quan ly phan phdi, khuyen khich lap trung tam ban buon khu vuc cac doanh nghiep ban le thiet lap, giup dd va hudng dan ho nang cap cac cua hang ban le theo md hinh hien dai, khuyen khich cac cua hang vao hoat dong kinh doanh chuoi theo phuong thuc nhuong quyen thuong mai va tu nguyen lien ket de thdng nhat mua va ban hang hoa 3.3.1.3 Thuc hien mo" cua thi trudng hiing hod va dich vu phan phdi hang hoa theo cac cam ket quoc te Md cua thi trudng hang hoa va dich vu phan phdi hang hoa vdi lo trinh da cam ket theo nguyen tac tao dan sue ep canh tranh de buoc cac doanh nghiep nudc phai day manh qua trinh doi mdi hoat dong thuong mai, day manh qua trinh lien ket, day manh qua trinh tich tu va tap trung cac nguon luc de day manh qua trinh tang trudng Mat khac, thdng qua cac chinh sach ho tro, khuyen khich phat trien, Nha nudc tao dieu kien thuan loi, giup doanh nghiep nudc tranh thu thdi gian va su dung cd hieu qua cac nguon luc cua doanh nghiep va cua xa hoi de vuon len, du kha nang hop tac va canh tranh vdi cac doanh nghiep cd von dau tu nudc ngoai da va se tham gia vao linh vuc phan phdi 3.3.1.4 Phat tridn ngudn nhan life cho dich vu phan phdi hang hoa Khai thac tdi da cac ngudn von va ngoai nudc de ho tro cho cdng tac dao tao, phat tridn ngudn nhan luc cua cac doanh nghiep hoat dong linh vuc 92 phan phoi, bd tri ngan sach tap trung theo chuong trinh de nang cap co so vat chat - ky thuat, doi mbi doi ngu giao vien va giao trinh ve linh vuc phan phoi cho mot so trubng dai hoc kinh te (thong qua Bo Giao duc va Dao tao) va cho he thong cac trubng cao dang, trung cap va day nghe truc thuoc Bo Cong Thuong (thong qua Bo Cong Thuong) de dao tao cac can bo quan tri cung van, quan tri chuoi cung ung, quan ly sieu thi, trung tam logistics, quan tri nguon tai nguyen doanh nghiep, cac nhan vien co ky nang hien dai cac khau ban hang, toan, nghiep vu kho hang Sbm dua cac trubng dat trinh cua khu vuc va theo kip xu hubng phat trien cua the gibi linh vuc phan phoi Ben canh nha nubc cung phai co cac chuong trinh ho trp dao tao nang cao nang luc cho doi ngu cong chuc quan ly nha nubc va doi ngu can bo quan ly, dieu hanh doanh nghiep linh vuc phan phoi 3.3.1.5 Thanh lajp cac hiep hoi cac nha phan phdi, ban budn, ban le, chff, sieu thi Cho tbi nubc ta co khoang gan 30 Hiep hoi doanh nghiep nganh hang r r hoat dong tren co so Quyet dinh cua Thu tubng Chinh phu so 158/QD-TTg 2/3/1999 ve viec Uy nhiem Bo Truong, Truong ban To chuc can bo Chinh phu cho phep lap Hoi Cac Hiep hoi dupc lap va hoat dong vbi cac chuc nang, nhem vu chu yeu nhu: - Tap hop cac doanh nghiep thuoc cac phan kinh te nganh nham lien ket, tao suc manh tong hpp de phat trien san xuat, kinh doanh - Thuc hien chuc nang cau noi giua cac hoi vien va cac co quan quan ly Nha nubc, bien ve co che, chinh sach cua Nha nubc tbi cac hoi vien va phan anh kien nghi cua hoi vien tbi co quan quan ly Nha nubc - Thuc hien nhiem vu thong tin, xuc tien thuong mai nham ho trp cac hoi vien mo rong thi trubng va tieu thu san pham 93 - Thuc hien cac chuc nang tu van, dao tao - Thuc hien chuc nang doi ngoai va thay mat cac vien cua Hiep hoi tham gia tranh tung quoc te Tuy thdi gian hinh va phat trien cua cac Hiep hoi nganh hang d nudc ta ngan va cac Hiep hoi bi “quoc doanh hoa” hoac “Nha nudc hoa” nhung mot so Hiep hoi da phat huy duoc vai trd cua minh hoat dong xuc tien thuong mai, md rong thi trudng va lien ket cac doanh nghiep de phat trien he thdng phan phdi hang hoa Tuy nhien, vi nhung ly chu quan va khach quan nen cac Hiep hoi chua the hien rd vai trd cua minh thoa thuan, dieu hoa qui md san xuat, gia ca, chat luong san pham va phan cong thi trudng Mot nhung nguyen nhan dan tdi tinh trang tren la Nha nudc va cac Hiep hoi chua dinh hudng rd chuc nang, nhiem vu cua Hiep hoi De phat trien duoc cac Hiep hoi, tang cudng sue manh cua mdi lien ket ngang ngoai viec xu ly mot sd van de ve chinh sach, co che va td chuc quan ly cac Hiep hoi cd the dinh hudng md hinh va noi dung hoat dong cua Hiep hoi nhu sau: - Hiep hoi la td chuc tu nguyen vdi sir tham gia cua tat ca cac phan kinh te, khong phan biet doanh nghiep nudc hay doanh nghiep co von dautu nudc ngoai - Noi dung chu yeu cua Hiep hoi la ho tro cac doanh nghiep md rong thi trudng va he thdng phan phdi hang hoa thdng qua viec cung cap thdng tin thi trudng va xuc tien thuong mai; Xay dung cac phuong hudng lien ket va hop tac san xuat va tieu thu tren co sd tu nguyen cua cac vien; Bao ve quyen loi cua cac hoi vien va phan cong trach nhiem cho cac hoi vien; la dau mdi viec phan anh cac kien nghj cua hoi vien vdi co quan quan ly Nha nudc ve qui hoach chinh sach phat tridn va dai dien cho cac hoi vien viec giai quyet nhung van de tranh chap thuong mai (dac biet la thuong mai qudc te) Tren co sd hoan thien co che td chuc, qui che hoat dong cua cac hiep hoi theo nguyen tac tu nguyen de lap cac hiep hoi cac nha phan phdi, ban buon, 94 ban le, cho, sieu thi nham giup cac hoi vien chia se kinh nghiem, trao doi thong tin, tim kidm co hoi, tao mdi lien doanh,lien ket, ho tro cong tac XTTM nudc, day manh hoat dong xay dung va quang ba thuong hieu ; dong thdi thdng qua hiep hoi dd kien nghi va tham gia vao qua trinh xay dung chinh sach cua cac co quan quan ly nha nudc 3.3.2 Cac giai phap vi md 3.3.2.1 Nang cao nhan thuc cua doanh nghiep ve hoi nhap kinh te qudc De tao su chu dong tan dung nhung co hoi va dac biet la de vuot qua nhung thach thuc cho cac chu the kinh doanh dich vu phan phdi cua Viet Nam tien trinh md cua thi trudng theo cac cam ket khuon kho WTO, Chinh phu Viet Nam can dong vai trd chu dao va tich cue viec nang cao nhan thuc va hieu z r z biet cua cac doi tuong cd lien quan linh vuc phan phdi, tap trung dac biet vao khu vuc cac doanh nghiep phan phdi va cac ho kinh doanh ca the nhd le d nudc phd bien thdng tin khdng nen chi dung lai d viec dang tai "nguyen van" nhung cam ket cac van kien gia nhap cua Viet Nam ma can cd su nghien cuu, giai thich mot each cu the, de hieu, phu hop vdi trinh tiep thu cua cac doi tuong cd lien quan trudc dua phd bien rong rai Day la mot nhung yeu to het sue quan bao dam tinh hieu qua va thiet thuc cua cdng tac tuyen truyen, phd bien va nang cao nhan thuc cong dong dan cu 95 Ngoai ra, Chinh phu cung can giao nhiem vu cho cac co quan quan ly chuyen nganh nhu Bo Thuong mai, Bo Ke hoach va dau tu, Phdng Thuong mai va Cong nghiep thuc hien nhung nghien cuu danh gia tac dong, nhung co hoi, thach thuc co the dem lai cho cac nha phan phdi nudc md cua thi trudng, thuc thi cac cam ket khuon kho WTO ve linh vuc de cung cap cho cac nha phan phdi nudc nhung thdng tin huu ich viec chu dong thich ung vdi nhtrng thay doi cd the dien Mot sd bien phap cu the nhom giai phap cd the xem xet, ap dung thdi gian tdi nhu: Nha nudc bo tri ngan sach tap trung theo chuong trinh de nang cap co sd vat chat - ky thuat, ddi mdi doi ngu giao vien va giao trinh ve linh vuc phan phdi cho cac trudng dai hoc, cao dang, trung cap va day nghe de dao tao cac can bo quan ly, cac nhan vien cd ky nang hien dai cho cac khau ban hang, toan, nghiep vu kho hang Xay dung chuong trinh dao tao phu hop va theo kip xu hudng phat trien cua the gidi linh vuc phan phdi Trien khai cac chuong trinh dao tao cho cac chu ho kinh doanh ca the ve ly thuyet va nhung ky nang co ban nhat kinh doanh ban le hien dai de cd the tiep tuc canh tranh va phat trien phan doan thi trudng cua minh 3.3.2.2 Xay diyng chien lucre va ke hoach kinh doanh Xay dung chien luoc kinh doanh hop ly la van de mang tinh song cdn nhung ddng thdi cung la diem yeu cua nhieu doanh nghiep kinh doanh linh vuc phan phdi hang hoa dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te Co sd de xay dung mot chien luoc va ke hoach kinh doanh la phan tich san pham, thi trudng, dich vu va nhom khach hang tren thi trudng muc tieu cua doanh nghiep, mudn lam duoc dieu nay, ddi hoi ban than mdi doanh nghiep phai tu dieu tra, phan tich, sang loc nhung thdng tin, sau dua tren loi the cua minh de chon mot hudng di phu hop vdi kha nang va dieu kien cua mdi doanh nghiep Khi da xay dung xong chidn luoc, kd hoach doanh nghiep can chuan bi cho minh day du co sd 96 vat chat, bdi dudng kien thuc cho can bo cong nhan vien nham trien khai tot cac muc tieu, ke hoach da dat chien luoc kinh doanh 3.3.2.3 Xay dung dao due va thuong hieu cua doanh nghiep Dao dire doanh nghiep la co so de hinh triet ly kinh doanh mang tinh nhan van cua doanh nghiep, chu den loi ich cua ngudi lao dong, loi ich chung cua toan xa hoi Doi vdi cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh linh vuc dich vu phan phdi hang hoa can phai ddi mdi nhan thuc xay dung cho minh mot triet ly kinh doanh hien dai, chuyen nghiep lau dai theo nguyen tac phat trien vi ngudi, ngudi; kinh doanh phai ton nhung gia tri truyen thdng tot dep cua dan toe; khong buon gian, ban lan; phat trien theo hudng van minh, hien dai; tang trudng di ddi vdi phat trien van hoa Khang dinh day la cong cu de nang cao canh tranh cua doanh nghiep Trong dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te, thuong hieu cang co y nghia va gia tri khach hang cang ddi hoi cao hon ve mat chat luong san pham dich vu va trach nhiem cua doanh nghiep Mat khac, vdi qua trinh hoi nhap khach hang cd nhieu co hoi de lua chon Do vay, cac doanh nghiep linh vuc dich vu phan phdi can phai xay dung thuong hieu cho minh bdi thuong hieu dang tin cay se la uu tien sd mot cua khach hang vi mua hang hoa dich vu mang thuong hieu khach hang co thd khSng dinh ngudn goc xuat xu san pham, tao tarn ly yen tarn, tin cay Do viec xay dung va phat trien thuong hieu bao gom nhung hoat dong da dang va lau dai nen can phai co nhung dieu kien nhat dinh ca ve mdi trudng kinh doanh cung nhu dieu kien noi tai cua doanh nghiep de co the tao va giu vung duoc thuong hieu cua doanh nghiep 3.3.2.4 Hien dai hoa he thong td chirc quan ly cua doanh nghiep kinh r doanh linh vuc dich vu phan phdi hang hoa Thic nhat, dp dung cong nghe hien dai 97 Nham nang cao chat luong quan ly va hoat dong cua cac doanh nghiep noi chung va cac doanh nghiep linh vuc dich vu phan phoi noi rieng, ap dung cong nghe hien dai la mot nhung doi hoi cap thiet dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Cai loi dau tien viec dua cong nghe hien dai vao quan ly la nguoi bdi no lam thay doi tu lam viec cua moi vi tri mdi doanh nghiep, ung dung mot he thdng quan ly hien dai, ban lanh dao doanh nghiep cd dupe thdng tin nhanh chong va chinh xac Cac cap quan ly cd the tdi uu hoa nang suat tai mdi cdng doan, hop ly hoa cdng viec, giam chi phi Thu hai, xay dung quan tri doanh nghiep hien dai Luat doanh nghiep nam 2005 da tao khung phap ly de xay dung quan tri doanh nghiep theo hudng hien dai Cac doanh nghiep can xem viec xay dung nen quan tri doanh nghiep cdng khai, minh bach, trudc het vi loi ich phat trien cua chinh minh dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te Cac doanh nghiep can tu doi mdi nhan thuc ve vai trd, vi tri, y nghia cua quan tri doanh nghiep doi vdi su phat trien ben vung Quan tri doanh nghiep tot thuc day nang cao hieu qua chung cua doanh nghiep; ngan ngira su lam dung quyen va nhiem vu dupe giao phuc vu loi ich rieng; thu hut dupe ngudn von va ngudn luc khac vdi chi phi thap Quan tri doanh nghiep tot doi hoi phai phan dinh vai trd, chuc nang, quyen han va qui trinh quyet dinh co cau to chuc va dieu hanh doanh nghiep theo hudng ro rang, coi su minh bach va cdng khai thdng tin hoat dong cua doanh nghiep nhat la nhung thdng tin ve tai chinh va ve cac giao dich vdi cac ben lien quan de chong tu loi gay thiet hai loi ich va lam ton hai uy tin doanh nghiep Ben canh doanh nghiep cung phai ap dung phuong phap quan ly chat luong hien dai vi chat luong cua san pham va dich vu la yeu to quan hang dau ddi vdi mdi doanh nghiep hoat dong linh vuc dich vu phan phdi hang hoa, ddng thdi la ydu td quan quyet dinh nang luc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep De 98 dam bao dich vu cung ling tot, thi phai co ngudi co trinh quan ly tot, dupe dao tao bai ban va co phuong phap quan ly chat luong hien dai Vi vay, cac doanh nghiep can chu va quan tam hon nua den viec xay dung va ap dung he thong quan ly chat lupng theo ISO de thuc su mang lai hieu qua quan ly dieu hanh, xay dung thuong hieu, nang cao sue canh tranh cua doanh nghiep khong nhung d nude ma ca tren the gidi Thu ba, ung dung thuong mai dien tu vao kinh doanh Trong boi canh nen kinh te Viet Nam cang hoi nhap sau, rong vao nen kinh te the gidi va su phat trien manh me cua cuoc each mang cdng nghe thdng tin thi cac doanh nghiep hoat dong linh vuc phan phdi hang hoa can coi thuong mai dien tu la xu the khach quan, mot giai phap htru hieu nhat nham rut ngan khoang each ve khong gian va thdi gian, md rong hop tac, quan ly dieu hanh kinh doanh nhanh chong kip thdi vdi muc chi phi hop ly nhat Vi vay, mdi doanh nghiep phai tu xay dung cho minh chien luoc va ke hoach ung dung thuong mai dien tu phu hop vdi hoan canh cua tung doanh nghiep, xay dung cho minh cac website rieng va tang cudng dau tu cho ung dung thuong mai dien tu Viec tham gia vao dung luc, dung thdi diem vdi su chuan bi day du se mang lai nhung dot pha mang tinh budc ngoat cho cdng viec kinh doanh cua mdi doanh nghiep Doanh nghiep Viet Nam thuong du viec chu dong phat trien vi ly thieu von va co sd vat chat ky thuat De giai quyet van de cac doanh nghiep can phat trien doanh nghiep minh theo hudng dai ly bang each tranh thu co so vat chat, ky thuat va von cua cac dai ly Ngoai ra, can md rong cac hinh thuc lien doanh, lien ket vdi nudc ngoai, cac tap doan, cac cdng ty da qudc gia, tranh thu uy tin va thi trudng cua ho de md rong mang phan phdi hang hoa cua minh thi trudng nudc ngoai 99 KET LUAN Can cur vao nhung van de ly luan chung va ve thuc trang cua tinh hinh phat trien dich vu phan phoi hang hoa d Viet Nam thdi gian gan day cho thay, su ton tai va phat trien cua djch vu phan phoi hang hoa la mot tat yeu khach quan phu hop vdi xu the phat trien chung cua dat nudc va xu the toan cau hoa Tren co sd do, luan van da xac dinh su can thiet phai day manh phat trien dich vu phan phdi hang a r r r hoa dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te cua nudc ta hien Luan van da phan tich danh gia thuc trang phat trien dich vu phan phdi hang hoa, chi nhung dong gop cua linh vuc vao su phat trien kinh te cua dat nuoc Trong dac biet tap trung vao phan tich nhung tac dong chu yeu Viet Nam md cua thi trudng dich vu phan phdi thuc hien cac cam ket cua Viet Nam khuon kho WTO; phan tich nhung tac dong tich cue va tieu cue anh hudng den su phat trien cua dich vu phan phdi hang hoa dieu kien nudc ta cang hoi nhap sau, rong vao nen kinh te the gidi Dong thdi, luan van cung da chi xu hudng phat trien, nhung dinh hudng va giai phap co ban nham thuc day su phat trien cua dich z x f vu phan phdi hang hoa mot each manh me hon, toan dien hon nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia cua Viet Nam cung nhu viec tiep can vdi nen kinh te khu vuc va the gidi Phat trien dich vu phan phdi hang hoa la nhan td quan cho su phat trien thuong mai Viet Nam noi chung va cua nen kinh te noi rieng Vi vay, luan van da dua cac giai phap tap trung vao viec tao mdi trudng thuan loi, khuyen khich su phat trien dich vu phan phdi dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te qudc te Viec tiep tuc hoan thien co che chinh sach va tao mdi trudng thuan loi se giup cho cac doanh nghiep linh vuc phat huy tdi da moi nguon luc, nang cao sue canh tranh, tranh thu duoc nhung dieu kien thuan loi qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te qudc te dem lai Dieu tao da cho nhung budc phat trien vung chac cua nganh thuong mai Viet Nam noi chung va nen kinh te Viet Nam noi rieng 100 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO r rri • A • A j Tieng viet Bo Thuong mai (2006) Be an phat trien thuong mai mcac 2006-2010, dinh hudng den 2020, Ha Noi, •> r Bo Thuong mai (2006) Du an quy hoach phat trien mang lucri chq toan quoc den nam 2010 va dinh hudng den 2020, Ha Noi Bo Thuong mai, Tap chi cong san (2005), Ky yeu hoi thao khoa hoc qudc gia Thuong mai Viet Nam 20 nam doi mdi, Ha Noi Bo Thuong mai va GTZ (2005) danh gid ve thi trudng dich vu phan phdi cua Viet Nam, Ha Noi A Bo Thuong mai va GTZ (2005) du doan ve mdi trudng phap ly cho dich vu r t phan phdi d Viet Nam, Ha Noi Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu va Lien Hop quoc (2005), Phat trien cac phan dich vu, chia khoa cho Viet Nam tang trudng ben vung UNDP, Ha Noi Cac Mac va Ph Angghen, toan tap, NXB chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi, 1993.tr 875 PGS.TS Le Trinh Minh Chau (2003), Cac gidiphapphat trien he thdngphan , r r r r , , A phoi hang hoa Viet Nam bdi canh hoi nhap kinh te qudc te, Vien nghien cuu Thuong mai, Ha Noi Cong hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam, 2006 Ke hoach Phat trien Kinh 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(1999), Quan tri he thdng phan phdi san pham, NXB Thong ke 19 Uy ban quoc gia va hop tac kinh te quoc te (2006) Tdi lieu ve Viet Nam gia nhap WTO, Ha Noi 20 UNCTAD (2004), Tdng cudng su tham gia cua cac nudc dang phat trien r r ' r a su nang dong va yeu to mdi cua Thuong mai the gidi: xu hudng, van de va cac chinh sach, (TD/396), UNCTAD XI Sao Paulo 21 WTO: “Bang phan nganh dich vu” (1991) WTO, Geneva, (MTN.GNS/W/120) 22 Vien Nghien cuu Thuong mai (2005), De tdi tac dong cua viec Viet Nam gia nhap WTO den hoat dong thuong mai Viet Nam Ha Noi 102 Tieng Anh 23 Athukorala, Prema-chandra, (2006) Trade Policy Reforms and the Structure of Protection in Vietnam World Economy 24 Auffret, Philippe (2003) Trade Reform in Vietnam: Opportunities with Emerging Challenges World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3076 World Bank Washington, D.C 25 Arkell J and Johnson MDC (2005), Sustainability Impact Assessment of Proposed University of Manchester, UK 26 Chui KH, Itoh M, Luo W, McGuire G Moon W and Shimoi N: (2003) “The Costs and Benefits of Distribution Services Trade Liberalization: China, Japan and Korea", Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, Group on Services, Committee on Trade and Investment 27 Centre for International Economics, (1998) Vietnam’s Trade Policies 1998, Canberra & Sydney 28 ESCAP CIEM, MOT, and UNDP, (1998) Trade Policy Analysis through a Social Accounting Matrix Bassed Computable General Equilibrium Model of Vietnam, Workshop Materials, Ha noi 1998 29 IDPM (2003) “Preliminary Overview of Potential Impacts of the Doha Agenda", Final Report 30 ISEAD (2004), East Asian Economic Perspectives: Recent Trends and Perspects For Major Asian Economies, Kitakyushu, February ISEAD (2006), East Asian Economic Perspectives: Recent Trends and Perspects For Major Asian Economies, Kitakyushu, February 32 Klein, L R and Rubin, H., (1948 - 49) ‘A constant utility index of the cost of living’, Review of Economic Studies 103 33 MPI (Ministry of Planning and Investment) and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), (2005), Services Sector Development: A Key to Viet Nam's Sustainable Growth UNDP, Hanoi 34 McDougall, R and A., Elbehri , A and Truong T.P (ed), 1998 Global Trade Assistance and Protection: The GTAP Data B 35 Julian Arkell and Michael D C Johnson SIA of WTO negotiations (2005) Final report for the Distribution services Study Institute for Developmenet Policy and Management, University of Manchester, UK