Giải pháp ngăn ngừa các vụ kiện bán phá giá hàng xuất khẩu việt nam trong điều kiện hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế

TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN TRUONG THI THUY BINH I — DAI HOC KTQD TRUNGTAM THONG TIN THU VIEN GIAI PHAP NGAN NGU A CAC VU KIEN BAN PHA GIA HANG XUAT KHAU VIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP KINH TE QUOC TE Chuyen nganh: KINH TE DOI NGOAI LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • Ngudi hirong dan khoa hoc: PGS.TS Nguyen Nhu’ Binh THS A035 HA NOI - 2006 MIJC LVC Bang cltiT cdi viet tat bang Tieng An It Bang chir cdi viet tat bang Tieng Viet Danh muc cdc bang Danh muc cdc hinh Tom tat luan van Tvangt Loi mo dau Chuong 1: NHLfNG VAN DE LY LUAT CHUNG VE THE CHE CHONG BAN PHA GIA 1.1 Tong quan ve tinh hinh kien ban pha gia tren the gid’i 1.2 Hiep dinh chong ban pha gia cua WTO 1.2.1 Xac dinh viec ban pha gid 1.2.2 Xac dinh thiet hai 1.2.3 Quy truth tien hdnh dieu tra hien tuong ban pita gid 11 1.3 Luat chong ban pha gia ciia mot so niroc nhap khau hang hoa chu yeu cua Viet Nam 18 1.3.1 Luat chong ban pha gid cua Hoa Ky 18 1.3.2 Luat chong ban pha gid ciia EU 24 1.4 Kinh nghiem van dung the che chong ban pha gia ciia Trung Quoc 30 Chuong THlfC TRANG HOAT DONG XUAT KHAU CUA VIET • NAM VA MOT • SO VU• KIEN • DIEN HINH VE CHONG BAN PHA GIA DOI VOI HANG XUAT KHAU CUA VIET NAM 2.1 Thue trang chung ve hoat dong xuat khau ciia Viet Nam 35 2.1.1 Kim ngqch xuat khan 35 2.1.2 Thi trud’ng xuat khau 37 2.1.3 Cdc rdo can chuyeu doi vffi hang hod xuat khau cua Viet Nam 38 2.2 Phap lenh chong ban pha gia cua Viet Nam 39 2.2.1 Bo cue cua phdp lenh 40 2.2.2 Mot so noi dung chinh cua phdp lenh 40 2.3 Mot so vu kien dien hinh ve chong ban pha gia doi voi hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam 46 \ •z f f v y 2.3.1 Tong quan ve tinh hinh bi kien ban pita gid cua hang xuat khau Viet Nani 46 f •f y f 2.3.2 Mot so vu kien dien hinh ve chong ban pha gid ma hang F xuat khau cua Viet Nam dd gap phdi 50 2.3.2.1 Hiep hoi cac nha nuoi ca da tron My (CFA) kien cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam ban pha gia ca tra, ca basa tren thi trubng My 50 2.3.2.2 Vu kien cac doanh nghiep xuat khau Viet Nam ban pha gia san pham tom dong lanh tren thi trirong My 57 2.3.2.3 Lien minh san xuat giay da chau Au kien cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam ban pha gia giay co mu da vao thi truong EU 60 2.4 Nhan xet, danh gia va bai hoc kinh nghiem cho cac doanh nghiep xuat khau cua Viet Nam 66 F F 2.4.1.Mat lo'i cua mot nude dp dqt thue chong ban pita gid doi vdi hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam 66 2.4.2 Thiet hqi gay doi vffi cdc doanh nghiep hi coi Id ban phd gid cua Viet Nam 67 2.4.3 Bai hoc kinh nghi&m 68 Chuong GIAI PHAP NGAN NG#A CAC VU KIEN CHdNG BAN PHA GIA DOI VOI HANG XUAT KHAU VIET NAM rri !*• • A I A wm rqnO ^«a w r ■ A Trien vong hoi nhap WTO va viec ngan ngua cac vu kien chong ban pha gia cua Viet Nam 72 3.1.1 Trien vong hoi nhap WTO cua Viet Nam 72 3.1.2 Nhung kho khan cua Viet Nam viec ngan ngua cac r vu kien chong ban pha gia 80 r r r 3.2 MOt sO giai phap, kien nghi nham ngan ngua cac vu kien chOng ban pha gia dOi voi hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam 84 3.2.1 Giai phap 84 3.2.1.1 Tu phia Nha nude 84 3.2.1.2 Giai phap tu phia doanh nghiep 86 3.2.2 Kien nghi 90 Ket luan 92 Tai lieu tham khao BANG CHU CAI VIET TAT BANG TIENG ANH TU VIET TAT USDOC TIENG ANH TIENG VIET United States Department of Bo Thuong mai Hoa Ky Commerce USITC United States International Trade Commission Uy ban Thuong mai Quoc te Hoa Ky ASEAN Free Trade Agreement Khu vuc thuong mai tu ASEAN Association of South East Asean Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Nam A AFTA ASEAN GATT Nations General Agreement on Tariffs and Hiep dinh chung ve thue quan va Trade mau dich =1 CFA CEPT EU Hiep hoi cac chu trai ca nheo My Common Effective Preferential Hiep dinh uu dai thue quan co hie J Tariff luc chung European Union Lien minh chau Au Hiep hoi che bien va xuat khau VASEP USTR thuy san Viet Nam United States Trade Dai dien thuong mai My Representative APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Dien dan hup tac kinh te chau A - Cooperation Thai Binh Duong GSP General System of Prefrences He thong thue quan uu dai cap ISO International Standard He thong tieu chuan quoc te Organization ■ “OPEC MFN — ■ - ■ Organ i zat on of Petrol eum To chuc cac nuoc xuatkhauaau"' Exporting Countries lua Most Favored Nation Quy che toi hue quoc SSA Lien minh tom mien Nam Hoa Ky HACCP EC European Community Uy ban chau Au NT National Treatment Doi xu quoc gia BTA Bilateral Trade Agreement Hiep dinh Thuong mai song between the United States and phuong Viet Nam - Hoa Ky Vietnam WTO World Trade Organization To chuc thuong mai the gioi •> ' * -Z X _ * ~ BANG CHtf CAI VIET TAT BANG TIENG VIET TU VIET TAT NGHIA TIENG VIET GTTT Gia tri thong thuong SPTT San pham tuorng tn GXK Gia xuat khau GTTT* Gia ban SPTT o thi trubng nude xuat khau GXK* Gia ban SPTT eua nha nhap khau BDPG Bien pha gia DANH MUC CAC BANG Trang: Bang 1.1: So luong cac vu kien chong ban pha gia cua nhirng nudc vien WTO Bang 2.1: Cac mat hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam dat kim ngach tren ty USD 36 Bang 2.2: Thong ke cac mat hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam bi kien ban pha gia th 1994 den 12/2005 47 Bang 2.3 Kim ngach xuat khau ca tra va basa fillet dong lanh cua Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky (1996-2002) 511 Bang 2.4 Danh sach cac doanh nghiep thuy san Viet Nam bi USDOC ap thue chong ban pha gia 56 Bang 2.5 Thue pha gia ap cho cac doanh nghiep xuat khau tom Viet Nam theo quyet dinh cua DOC 59 Bang 2.6 Bang gia giay cua cac nudc Viet Nam, Trung Quoc va Braxin 65 Bang 3.1 Mudi loi ich cua he thong thuong mai WTO 75 DANH MUC CAC HtNH Trang: Hinh 1.1: So vu kien Trung Quoc ban pha gia (1995-2005) 311 Hinh 1.2: So sanh chong ban pha gia cua Trung Quoc (2000-2005) 32 Hinh 2.1: Tang truong kim ngach xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam 1995-2005 36 Hinh 2.2 San luong xuat khau ca tra va basa fillet dong lanh cua Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky (1996-2002) 511 phap chong ban pha gia thi van chua dupe sir quan tam dung muc cua cac cap lien quan A / - Thu- tir, doi vdi bien phap chdng ban pha gia thi ngoai luat A Z chdng ban pha gia, Viet Nam can hoan chinh cac luat lien quan khac cho phu hop vdi chuan quoc te Chang han, dieu tra xac dinh bien pha gia la van de rat phuc tap ve ky thuat, nhtrng quy dinh ve ke toan cd tam quan ' z ldn viec tinh toan cu the chi phi san xuat, doanh thu, loi nhuan neu r r r r r t x khong cd he thong ke toan phu hop vdi thong le quoc te thi rat kho cd the dieu tra va dira ket luan thich hop Z r - Thu nam, viec doi vdi bien phap chdng ban pha gia cung can cai thien he thong toa an Nha nhap khau cd the kien toa cac quyet dinh lien quan toi bien phap chdng ban pha gia cua co quan hanh chinh cd tham quyen Trong trirong hop Viet Nam chu dong ap dung bien phap chdng ban pha gia thi he thong toa an cua Viet Nam cd le chira du dieu kien de giai quyet z Z khieu kien nay, trudng hop Viet Nam phai doi vdi bien phap chdng ban pha gia cua doi tac khac thi Viet Nam cung chua cd kinh nghiem su dung co che kien toa de chdng lai cac quyet dinh cua co quan cd tham quyen cua ho - Thu- sau, tren thuc te chinh sach thuong mai quoc te chiu anh huong ldn boi quan he chinh tri giua cac doi tac Cac bien phap chdng ban pha gia cung khong nam ngoai le Trong trudng hop hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam bi nude ngoai dieu tra ap dung bien phap chdng ban pha gia, Viet Nam co the gay ap luc chinh tri vdi ho; nhung vdi tiem lire kinh te, quoc phong, khoa hoc ky thuat hien cd thi Viet Nam cd ap dung thi ap lire cung khong r du manh de thay doi tinh the - Thu bay, hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam bi dieu tra ban pha gia, Viet Nam phai tham du cac cuoc gap go vdi cac co quan cd tham quyen cua 83 nude ngoai de giai trinh, cung cap cac thdng tin hoac thuyet phuc ho cham dot x r r r f dieu tra, chap nhan bien phap cam ket gia hay ap dung muc thue chong ban pha gia d muc thap nhat Nhung chi phi khong nho va khong phai luc nao Viet Nam cung co du dieu kien the theo den cung mot vu kien - Thu tam, mot kho khan khac cho tdi thdi diem nay, la Viet Nam chi co the giai quyet cac tranh chap phat sinh lien quan tdi chong ban pha gia khuon kho cac hiep dinh thucmg mai song phuong Ma dac diem chung cua cac hiep dinh la khdng co quy dinh day du ve giai quyet cac tranh chap thuong mai hoac khdng co co che, co quan chuc nang rieng de giai quyet cac tranh chap lien quan tdi chong ban pha gia mot cach co hieu qua Co che giai quyet tranh chap thuong mai quoc te noi chung va chong ban pha r r r r gia noi rieng co uy tin va hieu qua nhat la co che giai quyet tranh chap cua WTO Hy vong rang nam 2006 nay, Viet Nam co the gia nhap cong WTO va khac phuc duoc kho khan neu tren - Thu chin, Viet Nam phai luu y den thuc te, la mot so nudc chua cong nhan nen kinh te cua chung ta la nen kinh te thi trudng Do vay, can nhin nhan van de tu hai khia canh Trudc het, khong co nhung tieu chi ro rang khach quan de phan biet dau la nen kinh te thi trudng va dau la nen kinh te x r x r phi thi trudng Do do, viec thua nhan mot nen kinh te la nen kinh te thi trudng hay phi thi trudng doi lai phu thuoc vao danh gia mang tinh chu quan cua tung doi tac thuong mai; va viec danh gia co the chiu anh hudng bdi quan he chinh tri Tiep den, Viet Nam dang qua trinh xay dung nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia va cho den chung ta cung chua co tong ket danh gia nao ve nen kinh te cua Viet Nam dang d dau qua trinh Neu qua trinh dieu tra ban pha gia doi vdi hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam ma doi tac chua cong nhan nen kinh te cua chung ta la nen kinh te thi 84 truong thi Viet Nam se gap bat lpi viec chung minh minh khong ban pha gia hoac ban pha gia voi bien thap 3.2 MOT SO GIAI PHAP, KIEN NGHI NHAM NGAN NGUA CAC VU KIEN CHONG BAN PHA GIA DOI VO’I HANG XUAT KHAU CUA VIET NAM 3.2.1 Giai phap Truoc xu huong cac hang rao phi thue quan cang gia tang / r z thuong mai quoc te, nguy co hang xuat khau Viet Nam bi kien ban pha gia la rat lon Voi phuong cham hoc tap kinh nghiem cua Trung Quoc: phong ngua chu khong phai tra dua doi voi cac quoc gia da hoac co the se kien Trung Quoc pha gia, tac gia xin dua mot so giai phap mang tinh ngan ngua cac vu kien chong ban pha gia doi voi hang xuat khau Viet Nam dieu kien hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 3.2.LI Td phha Nhh nu'd'c Tich circ trien khai viec dam phan song phuong, da phuong de tranh a a r thu nhieu nucc thua nhan Viet Nam la nucc co nen kinh te thi truong /a r Luat chong ban pha gia cua Lien minh chau Au, cua My cung nhu cua nhieu nuoc khac quy dinh cac nuoc khong thuc hien nen kinh te thi truong, \ r r qua trinh dieu tra mot vu kien chong ban pha gia se bi doi xu nhu sau: Gia tri thong thuong tren thi truong nuoc xuat khau hang hoa khong dupc thua nhan, ma se dupc xac dinh tren co so gia hoac gia tri san pham tinh toan nuoc thu ba (nuoc tuong tu) co nen kinh te thi truong Nhu vay, chung ta can tich cuc tuyen truyen de thay doi cach nhin cua nuoc ngoai doi voi su van hanh cua nen kinh te Viet Nam Trong cac hiep dinh song phuong va da phuong, can co dieu khoan xac dinh Viet Nam la 85 nude there hien nen kinh te thi trudng, eoi la mot noi dung quan ciia hiep dinh r Xay dung co' so’ dir lieu thdng tin ve pha gid va chdng ban pha gid x Du lieu thdng tin ve pha gia va chong ban pha gia nen dupe xay dung ca bang tieng Viet va tieng Anh Cac tinh hudng kien pha gia, cac van de lien quan can dupc chia theo nganh, theo quoc gia de ap dung va uu tien theo dac thu cua nen ngoai thuong Viet Nam Vi du, thdi gian trudc mat cac thdng tin lien quan den cac vu kien ve thuy san, det may, giay dep va khoang san can dupc uu tien thu thap Du lieu thdng tin sau xay dung xong can dupc chuyen tdi cac doanh nghiep mot each kip thdi Viec nam bat va cd day du thdng tin ve cac vu kien cung nganh cung nhu nhung lap luan cua cac ben vu kien la su chuan bi can thiet de san sang duong dau vdi cac vu kien pha gia thdi gian tdi Viet Nam Len danh muc cdc nganh hang va cdc mat hang Viet Nam co kha nang hi kien pha gid De xay dung dupc danh muc nganh hang va mat hang Viet Nam co kha nang bi kien pha gia, Chinh phu can soat theo quoc gia va theo nganh cung nhu theo tinh hinh san xuat va ngoai thuong cua Viet Nam, song khdng the tach rdi vdi thuc te ap dung co che chdng ban pha gia cua tung quoc gia Ve mat ly thuyet, Viet Nam cd the lupng hoa dupc kha nang bi ap dat thue chdng 86 ban pha gia cho moi mSt h&ng Cac yeu to nhu chi phi cua nude thu ba, muc anh huong cua cac chinh tri gia, muc gia co the bi cac doanh nghiep d cac quoc gia nhap khau an dinh la nhung thong tin can thiet phai xac dinh xay dung mo hinh du bao danh sach nganh hang va cac mat hang co kha nang bi kien pha gia r A r Hoc tap kinh nghiem cua Trung Quoc viec thiet lap mot co' che canh bao thong qua Bo Thuong mai Theo do, cac to chuc kinh doanh cua Viet Nam d nude ngoai, nhung nha nhap khau, van phong luat co the nhanh chdng phan ung vdi cac hanh vi bao ho va chdng ban pha gia 3.2.1.2 Tic phia doanh nghiep r \ phuc vu viec ling voi cac tranh chap ve ngoai thuong, co khd nang tir van cho cac doanh nghiep vd ho trot cho Chinh phu xay cac vu kien De ngan chan xu the khieu kien ban pha gia gia tang, mot viec can lam r ■> r r r r cap bach la bien cac quy tac cua mau dich quoc te va hoat dong thuong mai quoc te, to chuc de cac chuyen gia gidi, ke ca viec mdi chuyen gia nude ngoai dao tao ngiep vu cho can bo quan ly cua cac doanh nghiep va luat su hanh nghe Tren co so do, hinh nhung to chuc chuyen phuc vu viec ung r x x ' vdi cac tranh chap ve ngoai thuong, bao gom mot doi ngu luat su, ke r x < x toan, nha kinh te va chuyen gia chuyen sau ve van de nay, co nang lire lam viec rat cao thi mdi cd day du kha nang tu van cho doanh nghiep va ho tro cho Chinh phu xay nhung vu kien tuong tu if/ p z Nghien cuu, num vung luat chdng ban pha gid cua cdc nuoc noi chung, cdc nuoc phat trien noi rieng nhir My, EU; dqc biet la Hiep dinh r y p chdng ban pha gid cua WTO ve nhung quy dinh vd trinh tir thu tuc chdng ban pha gid hang nhap khau vd cdc phuong phdp xac dinh muc pha gid vd Viec nghien cuu nam vung luat chdng ban pha gia cua cac nude la rat p p quan trong, vi thuong mai quoc te hien cac nudc thudng cd xu hudng thien ve sir dung cac bien phap phi thue quan de bao ho nen san xuat ' ' ' ' nudc, dac biet la bien phap chdng ban pha gia Nam bat duoc luat chdng ban pha gia cua cac nudc, Viet Nam cd the phong ngua, ne tranh nhung tinh hudng cd the bi nudc nhap khau tao cd kien ban pha gia nham muc dich bao ho nen san xuat cua minh Ngoai cung phai nam vung Hiep dinh chdng ban p p y pha gia cua WTO, bdi la chuan muc chung cua hau het cac quoc gia tren the gidi xem xet mot nudc xuat khau cd bi coi la ban pha gia hay khong Hon nua, Viet Nam sap gia nhap WTO, Hiep dinh chdng ban pha gia cua WTO se la chuan muc giai quyet cac vu tranh chap lien quan den ban pha gia cua Viet Nam Viet Nam la vien cua WTO r _ _ Rieng voi thi truong xuat khau Ion nine My, EU- cdc thi truong md r f y p p hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam bi kien ban phd gid nhieu nhat tinh den thoi diem hien tai Cac doanh nghiep va cac Hiep hoi nganh hang cua Viet Nam can phai cd chien lupc tiep thi phu hop nham lam cho nguoi tieu dung My, EU hieu dung ve san pham cua minh, nhan thay lpi ich tir viec tieu dung san pham cua Viet Nam de tir ho se bao ve san pham cua Viet Nam bi kien ban pha gia Ben canh do, can quan tam de giu vung va cang nang cao chat luong san pham, bao bi, mau ma hang hoa, chu viec dang ky nhan hieu san pham, chap hanh nghiem chinh nhirng quy dinh phap luat cua nudc 88 ta, cung nhu cua thi trudng nudc xuat khau Ngoai cung can tan dung, van dong su ung ho cua cac nha san tu nhung nganh san xuat su dung hang nhap khau Viet Nam lam nguyen lieu dau vao (dieu se rat hieu qua tren thi trudng EU, bdi le EU la thi trudng ldn nhat doi vdi hang gia cong xuat khau cua Viet Nam, dac biet la mat hang giay dep, quan ao) Vdi thi trudng My, kha nang xuat khau hai san cua nudc ta vao thi trudng My la rat to ldn, nen cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can tiep can vdi thai nghiem tuc hon ve HACCP theo kieu My, doanh nghiep Viet Nam can phai dam bao day du cac dieu kien san xuat bao gom nha xudng, kho tang, day chuyen san xuat, may moc thiet bi, ngudi theo cac tieu chuan co ban r GMP (quy dinh san xuat tieu chuan - Good Manufacturing Procedure) va cua SSOP (quy pham ve sinh tieu chuan - Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure) Dieu cung co nghia la cac hoat dong giam sat an toan ve sinh thong qua viec kiem tra cac ho so van hanh, kiem tra hoat dong sua chua cac gidi han bi vi pham, giam sat chat che ve sinh san xuat va ve sinh ca nhan cua cong nhan tat ca cac khau san xuat va che bien deu can chu y mot r cach cao HACCP tap trung vao nguyen tac co ban khac cung trd mot thach thuc ldn doi vdi hang hoa noi chung va hang thuy san noi rieng cua Viet Nam du dinh xuat khau vao My Den mdi chi co vai chuc doanh nghiep thuy san Viet Nam dat tieu chuan HACCP, mot so qua r * r \ \ r s nho tong so cac doanh nghiep thuy san Day la van de can gap rut dieu chinh, nhat la sau da co nhung kinh nghiem thiet thuc tu cuoc chien ca catfish Coi va phat huy vai tro cua cac- Hiep hoi chuyen nganh hoac cua cac to chuc nhom san pham, tang cird'ng sw phoi hop cua cac doanh 89 nghiep de lam manh them nang luc canh tranh cung nhu du bao trudc nguy co bi kien ban pha gia cua cac doanh nghiep Viec doan ket vdi cac doanh nghiep khac Hiep hoi nganh nghe, hoac to chuc nhom san pham la rat can thiet, dieu mang lai nhung mat loi ich sau: - Thong qua Hiep hoi quy dinh hanh vi thi trudng cua cac nha xuat khau de bao ve lan nhau, khong bi nhung ngudi khac bat chet tren thuong trudng Dong thdi thong qua Hiep hoi chuyen nganh de phoi hop gia ca tren thi trudng the gidi, phong ngua tinh trang canh tranh khong lanh manh giua cac nha xuat khau, dac biet la ngan chan cac xi nghiep ban hang vdi gia qua re tao cd de gay cac vu kien - To chuc cho cac doanh nghiep nghien cuu nhung quy dinh phap ly cua nudc ngoai ve chong ban pha gia de co bien phap ne tranh hop ly Quy dinh luat ve chong ban pha gia cua cac nudc khong giong nhau, nhat la hien o mot so nudc quy dinh chua duoc hoan thien, neu co bien phap ne tranh hop ly thi se giam bdt duoc cac trudng hop khieu kien ban pha gia cua nudc ngoai - Cung cap thong tin cho cac doanh nghiep, giam bdt ton that thieu thong tin Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can thuc hien nghiem chinh nhung quy f •> dinh ve xuat khau san pham phu hop vdi nhung doi hoi va nhung dac tinh \ r cua tung thi trudng; luu tru ho su san xuat, kinh doanh, san sang ■f r chung cu de chung minh duoc su lam an dung dan cua doanh nghiep minh; tranh khong thuc hien nhung hanh dong tao cd cho phia doi tac kien tung 3.2.2- Kien nghj De cac doanh nghiep xuat khau Viet Nam co the giam bdt thiet hai, ton ' r r that trudc cac vu bi kien ban pha gia, tac gia xin dua mot so kien nghi sau: Cac doanh nghiep xuat khau Viet Nam can da dang hoa thi trudng •> r cho san pham xuat khau cua minh Viec da dang hoa thi trudng xuat khau se giam duoc rui ro kinh doanh cho cac doanh nghiep xuat khau Viet Nam Nhu chung ta da biet, trudc cac vu kien ban pha gia san pham ca tra, ca basa, tom dong lanh Viet Nam dien ra, thi trudng xuat khau chu yeu nhung san pham cua Viet Nam la My Vi vay, sau thua kien hang ngan ba nong dan vung dong bang song Cuu Long lam vao tinh canh kho khan va phai chuyen doi nganh nghe Den lam vao tinh canh ton that nang ne mat di thi trudng xuat khau chu yeu, cac doanh nghiep xuat khau ca tra, basa, tom dong lanh Viet Nam mdi voi va di khai thac nhung thi trudng xuat khau moi cho san pham cua minh Gan day la vu kien cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam ban pha gia giay co mu da tren thi trudng EU, dan den giam sut nghiem trong kim ngach xuat khau mat hang vao EU, va keo theo hang van cong nhan truc tiep san r xuat mat hang tren cung nhu cong nhan cac nganh cong nghiep phu tro e o r r bi giam luong hoac mat viec lam Thuc te tren doi hoi cac doanh nghiep Viet , , ' r r i r hang khac de san xuat, xuat khau, han che duoc tinh trang cong nhan hay ngudi nong dan mat viec hang loat, gay anh hudng ca ve mat kinh te va xa hoi ? r r r Cudi cung, de nang cao vi the cua Viet Nam tren trudng quoc te, Viet y r r Nam can khan truong nang phap lenh chdng ban pha gia luat chdng ban pha gia Khi luat chong ban pha gia duoc xay dung mot cach chi tiet, ro rang va day du, cac quoc gia khac se nhin nhan Viet Nam vdi mot thai khac, bdi neu co luat chong ban pha gia tot Viet Nam cung co the di kien cac nudc khac ve ban pha gia S3 KET LUAN e Xuat khau da dupe thira nhan la hoat dong rat co ban cua hoat dong kinh te doi ngoai, la phuong tien thuc day nen kinh te phat trien Hoat dong xuat khau cua Viet Nam dang giai doan phat trien soi dong ca ve thi trudng, chung loai mat hang, chat lirong va kim ngach xuat khau; va r r cang dong vai tro quan trong phat trien kinh te dat niroc Tuy nhien, nhtr da de cap, chinh sach bao ho mau dich cua cac niroc hien khong nhtrng khong giam bdt, ma co dau hieu tang cirdng, tinh vi va phuc tap hon Dieu da gay khong it kho khan cho viec tri va mo rong thi trirong xuat khau cua Viet Nam Cac vu kien ve chdng ban pha gia doi voi hang xuat khau Viet Nam thoi gian vua qua la nhung vi du kha dien hinh Hau qua dau tien ciia viec thua kien cac vu kien ve chdng ban pha gia doi vdi hang xuat khau Viet Nam la ty le danh thue pha gia tang cao, anh hudng toi luong xuat khau cung nhu doanh thu cua cac san pham xuat khau Viet Nam; tiep la cd the lam mat di nhung thi trudng xuat khau truyen thong cua hang xuat khau Viet Nam va nd anh hudng true tiep toi cac nganh cong nghiep phu tro, anh hudng toi cong an viec lam cua hang ngan lao dong Viet Nam De cd the han che va tranh duoc cac vu kien ve chdng ban pha gia doi vdi hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam can cd mot chinh sach dong bo d ca tam Nha nudc va doanh nghiep; phai thay doi tir each nhan thuc ve the che chdng ban pha gia doi vdi doi ngu quan ly, lanh dao cua cac doanh nghiep xuat khau, tiep phai thay doi each san xuat va each tinh gia san pham xuat khau ciia hang xuat khau Viet Nam Han che va tranh dupe cac vu kien ve chdng ban pha gia doi vdi hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam se gop phan lam yen long, tao long tin cho cac doanh 93 r r r r r nghiep xuat khau Viet Nam tiep tuc phan dau nang cao kim ngach xuat khau, r r \ r cung nhu’ chat lupng va thi trudng xuat khau thdi gian tdi, gop phan dac luc cong cuoc cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa dat nudc 94 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO PGS.TS Do Duc Binh va TS Nguyen Thuong Lang chu bien (2004), “Kinh te hoc quoc te”, nha xuat ban Khoa hoc va Ky thuat PGS.TS Nguyen Duy Bot (1998), “Thuong mai quoc te”, nha xuat ban Thong ke, Ha Noi TS Nguyen Huu Khai (2005), “Hang rao phi thue quan chinh sach thuong mai quoc te”, nha xuat ban Lao dong - Xa hoi GS.TS Nguyen Van Thuong, GS.TS Nguyen Ke Tuan (2005), “Kinh te r \ ■> r Viet Nam nam 2004, nhung van de noi bat”, nha xuat ban Ly luan Chinh tri GS.TS Nguyen Van Thuong, GS.TS Nguyen Ke Tuan (2006), “Kinh te Viet Nam nam 2005, trudc nguong cua cua WTO”, nha xuat ban Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc Dan, Ha Noi PGS.TS Nguyen Nhu Binh (2004), “Nhung van de co ban ve the che hoi nhap kinh te Quoc te”, nha xuat ban Tu Phap, Ha Noi Martin, Patrick (2003), “Trung Quoc tien trinh gia nhap WTO: Chong pha gia va tu ve”, Dien dan Viet Nam san sang gia nhap WTO to chuc tai Ha Noi thang TS Le Danh Vinh (2006), “Thuong mai Viet Nam 20 nam doi mdi va dinh hudng phat trien”, Tap chi Thuong Mai, so 1+2 L.T (2006), “Thuong mai Viet Nam nam 2005 va mot so du bao”, Tap chi Thuong mai, so 1+2 10 Trang bia, Tap chi Nghien cuu Kinh te, so 328/2005 11 T.Huyen (2005), “10 diem vupt troi cua xuat khau”, Tap chi Ngoai Thuong, so 31 91 12 Th.s Mai The Cudng (2004), so god y doi vdi Viet Nam viee su dung co che chong ban pha gia”, Tap chi Nhung van de Kinh te the gidi, so 13 Nguyen Khanh Long, Doan Van Trudng (2003), “Vu kien cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam ban pha gia san pham fillet ca tra, ca basa tren thi trudng My”, Tap chi Nghien cuu Kinh te, so 293 14 Nguyen The Nghiep (2004), “My khdi kien ban pha gia tom”, Thdi bao Kinh te, so 15 Doan Tat Thang (2004), “Mot so giai phap nham doi vdi vu kien ban pha gia tom”, Bao Dau tu, so 38 16 Doan Tat Thang (2005), “Hiep hoi da giay Viet Nam chon Indonexia lam nudc tham chieu”, Tap chi Thuong mai, so 29 17 Doan Tat Thang (2005), “Doi vdi vu kien ban pha gia giay dep vao EU”, tap chi Thuong mai, so 28 18 Doan Tat Thang (2005), “Nhung giai phap giup cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam doi vdi cac vu kien chong ban pha gia”, tap chi Thuong mai, so 10 19 Nguyen Thanh Tam (2005), “Tien trinh Viet Nam gia nhap WTO”, tap chi Thuong mai, so 44 20 Dong An (2005), “Chong ban pha gia: doanh nghiep phai san sang ung va binh tinh vuot qua”, tap chi Thuong mai, so 46 21 TS Tang Van Nghi (2005), “Nhung bat cap viec giai quyet tranh \ r r chap ban pha gia bi don la cac nudc co nen kinh te phi thi trudng”, Tap chi Kinh te Doi ngoai, so 10 z r \ 22 “USDOC 17/6 da thong bao quyet dinh cuoi cung ve vu kien ca tra, ca basa ”, VietNamnet 18/6/2003 23 “USDOC phan quyet vdi tom Viet Nam”, Vnexpress 1/12/2004 A 24./“Da giay Viet Nam se phai doi mat vdi nhieu kho khan”, Vnexpress 14/12/2005 J 9b ' 25 “EC ket thuc dieu tra doanh nghiep da giay Viet Nam”, Vnexpress 21/11/2005 26 http://www.mot.gov.vn 27 http://www.wto.com