Hoàn thiện cơ chế tín dụng của ngân hàng chính sách xã hội việt nam (qua khảo sát thực tiễn tại chi nhánh tỉnh bắc giang)

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRtfONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN * **• D\I HOC KTQD T THONG TIN THW VIEN JffONG LUAN AN TV LIEU Nguyen Van Cu’dng A ~ x •? r /\ A HOAN THIEN CUA NGAN HANG • CO CHE TIN DUNG • CHINH SACH XA HOI VIET NAM (QUA KHAO SAT THUC TIEN TAI CHI NHANH TfNH BAC GIANG) Chuyen nganh: Kinh te - Chinh tri LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE 7?7S NGU'Ol HU’dNG DAN KHOA HOC: Tien sy Do Thi Kim Hoa Ha noi, nam 2011 Il ' If L()I CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien cuu doc lap cua rieng toi, cac so lieu luan van la trung thuc, co nguon goc va duoc trich dan rd y r r rang De tai khong trung lap vdi bat ky cong trinh nghien cuu khoa hoc nao da duoc cong bo rp r • f w Tac gia luan van Nguyen Van Cuong MUC LUC • • DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT DANH MUC SO DO, BANG BIEU, HINH VE X X *> PHAN MO DAU Chwong 1: CO SO LY LUAN VA KINH NGHIEM THUC TIEN VE HOAN THIEN CO CHE TIN DUNG CUA NHCSXH VIET NAM 1.1 Tong quan ve NHCSXH va tin dung cua NHCSXH r 1.1.1 NHCSXH qua trinh phat trien kinh te thi trudng dinh huOng XHCN 1.1.2 Tin dung cua NHCSXH: Quan niem va dac diem 1.2 Noi dung, nhan to anh hwong va su can thiet phai hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH 16 1.2.1 Quan niem ve co che tin dung cua NHCSXH .16 1.2.2 Noi dung hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH 18 1.2.3 Cac nhan to anh hudng den co che tin dung cua NHCSXH 24 1.2.4 Su can thiet phai hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH 29 1.3 Kinh nghiem ve hoan thien co che tin dung chinh sach o mot so quoc gia tren the gioi 31 1.3.1 Tong quan ve kinh nghiem hoan thien co che tin dung chinh sach d mot so quoc gia tren the gioi 31 r r r 1.3.2 Bai hoc doi vOi viec hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH 344 Chwong 2: THUC TRANG THUC HIEN cO CHE TIN DUNG CUA NHCSXH CHI NHANH TiNH BAC GIANG 36 2.1 Khai quat tinh hinh hoat dong cua NHCSXH chi nhanh tinh Bac Giang 36 2.1.1 Tong quan ve dieu kien tu nhien, tinh hinh kinh te - xa hoi cua tinh Bac Giang 36 r 2.1.2 Khai quat ve hoat dong cua NHCSXH chi nhanh tinh Bac Giang 50 2.2 Tinh hinh thuc hien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH chi nhanh tinh Bac Giang 53 2.2.1 Ve tirdi hinh thuc hien luat phap, van ban chiini sach hoat dong tin dung 53 2.2.2 Quy trinh tin dung 56 2.2.3 Tinh hinh to chuc thuc hien cac quy dinh ve hoat dong tin dung 58 2.2.4 Tinh hinh kiem tra, giam sat hoat dong tin dung 62 2.3 Danh gia tinli hinh thurc hien co’ che tin dung cua NHCSXH chi nlihnli tinh Bao Giang 65 2.3.1 Nhung cong 65 2.3.2 Nhung ton tai, han che va nguyen nhan 69 Shwo'ng 3: PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP HOAN THIEN CO SHE TIN DU • NG SUA NHSSXH VU•E T NAM 74 3.1 Phuong hu'd’ng, mno tieu hoan thinn ou ohe tin dnng oaa NHSSXH Vint Nam 74 r r 3.1.1 Nhung thuan loi va kho khan doi voi viec hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH 74 3.1.2 Muc tieu hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH 78 3.1.3 Phuong huong hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH 811 3.2 Nhung giai phnp oha yeu hoan thinn ou ohe tin dnng oaa NHSSXH Viet Nam .85 3.2.1 Hoan thien he thong van ban phap luat, chinh sach ve tin dung cua NHCSXH 85 3.2.2 Hoan thien quy trinh tin dung 89 3.2.3 Hoan thien bo may to chuc .91 3.2.4 Da dang hoa cac phuong thuc cho vay va quan ly von vay 93 3.2.5 Nang cao nang luc cua NHCSXH ve hoat dong tin dung 93 3.2.6 Tang cudng kiem tra, giam sat hoat dong ngan hang 977 100 3.3.1 Doi voi Chinh pha 100 3.3.2 Doi voi cac Bo, nganh lien quan 100 3.3.3 Doi voi Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hoi Viet Nam 101 3.3.4 Doi voi Uy ban nhan dan, Ban dai dien Hoi dong quan tri cac cap 101 3.3.5 Doi voi chi nhanh NHCSXH truc tihuoc trung uong .102 PHAN KET LUAN 104 DANH MUS TAI LIEU THAM KHAO r X -T A DANH MUC CAC TV VIET TAT XHCN Xa hoi chu nghia NHCSXH Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hoi Viet Nam NHTM Ngan hang thuong mai NHNN Ngan hang Nha nudc UBND Uy ban nhan dan HDQT Hoi dong quan tri BDD HDQT Ban dai dien Hoi dong quan tri TK&VV tiet kiem va vay von GDP Tong san pham quoc noi KT-XH Kinh te xa hoi y y r , • a A r y • a a A r A A • DANH MUC SO DO, BANG BIEU, HINH VE I DANH MVC BANG BIEU Bang 2.1- Tang truong kinh te giai doan 2001-2005 va 2006-2010 (%/nam) 39 Bang 2.2- Co cau GDP va co cau lao dong tren dia ban tinh .40 Bang 2.3- Cac linh vuc kinh te noi troi cua tinh 44 Bang 2.4- Mot so chi tieu kinh te dang luu y cua tinh 48 Bang 2.5- Bang dien bien ty le ho ngheo tren dia ban tu nam 2006-2010 49 Bang 2.6- Ket qua huy dong von ttr nam 2006 den nam 2010 51 Bang 2.7- Ket qua hoat dong tin dung ttr nam 2006 den nam 2010 53 Bang 2.8- Chinh sach uu dai theo chuong trinh tin dung 55 II DANH MUC BIEU DO Bieu 2.1 Dien bien nguon von qua cac nam 2006-2010 52 Bieu 2.2 Tang truong du no qua cac nam 2006-2010 53 III DANH MUC HINH VE Hinh 2.1- Quy trinh tin dung cua NHCSXH 56 Hinh 2.2- Mo hinh to chuc cua NHCSXH chi nhanh tinh Bac Giang 60 I A X X /A TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN Nguyen Van Cu’d’ng HOAN THIEN CO CHE TIN DUNG CUA NGAN HANG • • CHINH SACH XA HOI VIET NAM (QUA KHAO SAT TIII C TIEN TAI CHI NHANH TINH BAC GIANG) Chuyen nganh: Kinh te - Chinh tri TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY Ha noi, nam 2011 f i PHAN MO DAU Sau gan 10 nam di vao hoat dong, tin dung cua NHCSXH da dat dune nhung qua quan trong, quy tu duoc cac nguon luc tai chinh cua Nha nude, thiet lap mot co che tai chinh phu hop va tirng budc hoan thien ban hanh dupe he thong van ban quy pham phap luat dong bo, tao hanh lang phap ly cho cac hoat dong cua NHCSXH, trd cong cu tai chinh cua cac cap chinh quyen thuc hien muc tieu phat trien KT-XH, xoa doi, giam ngheo, thuc hien cong bang xa hoi, tao nen sue manh co tinh dot pha, giup giam ngheo nhanh va ben vung Tuy nhien, qua thuc tien, co che tin dung boc 16 nhieu diem han che, chua phu hop, chua kip then, chong cheo, thieu dong bo, chua co ke hoach chien luge lau dai, chua phat huy het hieu qua nguon von tin dung uu dai cua Nha nuoc Do vay, van de dat la can phai co giai phap tiep tuc hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH de phu hop voi xu the phat trien cua dat nude Xuat phat tu yeu cau thuc te va ket qua khao sat tinh hinh to chuc trien khai thuc hien chinh sach tin dung uu dai tao chi nhanh NHCSXH tinh Bac Giang, voi mong muon giai quyet van de co y nghTa quan thiet thuc va cd tinh cap bach tren day, de tai “Hoan thien co1 che tin dung cua Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hoi Viet Nam (qua khao sat thuc tien tai chi nhanh tinh Bac Giang)’' duoc chon lam luan van thac sy Muc tieu cua luan van nghien cuu lam ro co so ly luan, tong ket thuc tien, tir de xuat cac phuong hudng, giai phap, kien nghi hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH phu hop voi muc tieu phat trien KT-XH cua Viet Nam thdi gian tdi De tai thuoc linh vuc hoan toan moi can duoc nghien cuu lam ro nham phat huy hieu qua thuc hien chinh sach tin dung uu dai cua NHCSXH Luan van sir dung tong hop cac phuong phap nghien cuu, chu yeu tap trung su dung phuong phap thong ke, phan tich du lieu hoat dong kinh te, khao sat thuc te gan voi dieu kien lich su tirng thdi ky 11 Chiro’ng CO SO LY LU AN THUC • VA KINH NGHIEM • • TIEN VE HOAN THIEN • CO CHE TIN DUNG CUA NGAN HANG CHINH SACH XA HOI VIET NAM 1.1 Tong quan ve NHCSXH va tin dung cua NHCSXH NHCSXH la mot dinh che tai chinh cua Nha nudc, hoat dong khong vi muc tieu lai nhuan; su dung cac nguon luc tai chinh Nha nudc huy dong de cho ngudi ngheo va cac ddi tuong chinh sach khac vay uu dai phuc vu san xuat kinh doanh, tao viec lam, cai thien ddi song; gop phan there hien Chuang trinh muc tieu quoc gia xoa ddi, giam ngheo va an sinh xa hoi Hoat dong tin dung cua NHCSXH chu yeu cho vay uu dai ddi vdi cac ddi tuong chinh sach Chinh phu chi dinh nham ho trp cac ddi tuong phat trien, thuc hien muc tieu giam ngheo Viec to chuc trien khai hoat dong tin dung ciia NHCSXH tuan thu co che quy dinh cua Nha nudc tin dung cua NHCSXH Co che tin dung cua NHCSXH la tong the cac moi quan he giua cac yeu to, cac nguyen tac, luat le, quy trinh bien phap hoat dong tin dung uu dai nham thuc hien cac muc tieu cua Dang va Nha nudc linh vuc phat trien KT-XH, xoa ddi, giam ngheo va dam bao an sinh xa hoi Co che dune cau tir cac yeu to: He thong cac van ban phap luat ve chinh sach tin dung cua NHCSXH, quy trinh tin dung cua NHCSXH, bo may to chuc trien khai thuc hien hoat dong tin dung va kiem tra, giam sat tin dung; nd chiu tac dong bdi cac nhan to khach quan va chu quan Ve nhan to khach quan bao gom: he thong van ban chinh sach, moi trudng KT-XH, moi trudng tu nhien, ngudi thu hudng chinh sach, su phoi hop giua cac nganh cd lien quan; ve nhan to chu quan bao gom: dac thu huy dong von, nang luc cua bo may to chuc thuc hien hoat dong tin dung va cac dieu kien khac Trong tinh hinh va dieu kien hien hoat dong cua NHCSXH dang hoi du nhung yeu to loi the de phat trien chinh sach tin dung uu dai, thuc hien va tham gia xay dung he thong chinh sach bao quat, toan dien cong tac xoa ddi giam ngheo ca nudc, quan he chat che vdi chuong trinh xay dung nong thon mdi va chien luac an sinh xa hoi den nam 2020 Do vay, van de hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH thdi gian tdi la het sue quan va can thiet, nham tap trung duac cac nguon luc tai chinh cua Nha nudc vao mot dau mdi la NHCSXH; dam bao Ill sir quan ly, phan bo ngudn von thong nhat, khong bi chong cheo, trung lap, phan tan; thong nhat chinh sach cho tirng doi tupng; tang cudng hieu qua cong tac quan ly, giam sat von vay, nang cao hieu qua su dung von vay 1.3 Kinh nghiem ve hoan thien co' che tin dung chinh sach o’ mot so quoc gia tren the gioi Ttr co so ly luan chung, nghien cuu kinh nghiem Ngan hang Grameen cua Bangladet, kinh nghiem xoa doi giam ngheo cua An Do rut bai hoc kinh nghiem tham khao, van dung cho viec hoan thien co che tin dung cua NIICSXII Viet Nam, tap trung vao noi dung: hoan thien co so phap ly, da dang hoa cac phuong thuc cho vay, nang cao chat lupng nguon nhan luc, kien toan bo may quan ly dieu hanh hoan thien va thuc hien co hieu qua co che kiem tra, giam sat Mot so diem noi bat la: Hoan thien co che tin dung phai dupe xay dung, hoan thien tren co so chien lupc phat trien on dinh, lau dai; tri va phat huy lpi the, diem manh co ban cua phuong thuc uy thac cho vay qua cac to chuc Chinh tri - xa hoi, phuong thuc cho vay da mang lai cong cho hoat dong cua NHCSXH Dong thbi tiep tuc mo rong phuong thuc cho vay nham dap ung tot hon cho cong tac quan ly nguon von cung nhu da dang hoa doi tupng thuoc dien thu hudng chinh sach tinh hinh moi; dac biet coi cong tac tuyen dung, dao tao dpi ngu can bo co pham chat dao due, co nang luc chuyen mon va tarn huyct vdi nganh Day la yeu to quan mang tinh chat quyet dinh doi vdi hoat dong cua mot to chtrc, quyet dinh sir bai viec thuc thi cac chinh sach Tang cudng quan ly von vay thong qua viec hoan thien, thuc hien tot co che kiem tra, giam sat nang cao chat lupng tin dung, giam that thoat, tham nhung va chiem dung von, phat hien nhung bat cap ve co che chinh sach, each thuc to chuc thuc hien de kip thdi kien nghi, dieu chinh giup tang cudng nang luc quan ly, hieu qua su dung von vay 95 khai cong tac can bo, tao chuyen bien manh cong tac can bo, tir cac budc tuyen dung, nhan xet danh gia dinh ky, quy hoach, bo nhiem, luan chuyen, dao A A ■> tao, boi dudng Thuc hien dieu dong, luan chuyen can bo theo quy dinh cua nganh, co bien phap kiem tra, giam sat nham phat hien, ngan ngua tieu cue, tham nhung Nang cao chat luong, ky nang tiep can cong ddng cua can bo ngan hang Chuan hoa tieu chuan vien chuc chuyen mon nghiep vu tren co so quy dinh cua Nha nude co tinh den dac thu hoat dong cua NHCSXH, dam bao phu hop vdi dieu kien thuc te tai dia phuong, phu hop vdi dac thu dia ban phuc vu chu yeu nam d khu vuc A nong thon, mien nui, vung sau, vung xa, vung dac biet khd khan Dao tao doi ngu can bo lam uy thac, can bo To TK&VV cd kien thuc cu ban ve quan ly tin dung, ky nang kiem tra giam sat, phat hien, phong ngua rui ro; tu van khach hang Hoan thien che dai ngo, dong vien khuyen khich kip thdi doi vdi can bo cd nang luc va su cong hien ddi vdi hoat dong cua NHCSXH: Nang luc va nhung cong hien cua can bo NHCSXH duoc ghi nhan kip thdi vdi cac che dai ngo phu hop thdng qua tien luong (nang luung trudc han, phu cap thu hut ); tien thudng; cu hoi phat trien; cu hoi dao tao nang cao nghiep vu, ngoai ngu, tin hoc, quan ly nha nudc ; tham quan, nghi mat nudc va nudc ngoai Cu che dai ngo phai duuc the hien nhung van ban chinh thdng, duuc cong khai rong rai tap the can bo vien chuc va duuc thuc hien triet de, nghiem tuc Ddi vdi can bo tham gia kiem nhiem bo may quan tri, dun vi nhan uy thac, ket qua cong hien duuc ghi nhan chu yeu thdng qua hinh thuc khen thudng vat chat, tinh than Thu hai, Phat huy su tham gia cua cac ddi tuemg khach hang Khach hang vay vdn NHCSXH phai la nhung doi tuung chinh sach theo dung cac quy dinh cua Nha nudc va duuc td chuc vao cac Td TK&VV Khach hang duuc vay vdn phai duuc binh xet cong khai theo cac quy dinh cua Nha nudc va duuc cac vien Td TK&VV thdng qua Cac vien cua td TK&VV giup du hudng dan viec su dung vdn vay cua cac vien duuc vay 105 dong quan tri, Ban dai dien Hoi dong quan tri cac cap, cung cd, hoan thien mo hinh quan ly, dieu hanh, nang cao chat luong dich vu uy thac; thu tu, nang cao nang luc hoat dong cua NHCSXH ve nguon nhan luc, phat huy su tham gia cua cac ddi tuong khach hang, quan ly va xu ly no rui ro, ung dung cong nghe thdng tin phuc vu cong tac khai thac, quan ly du lieu; thu tu, tang cudng kiem tra, giam sat Cac giai phap ma luan vdn dua vdi muc dich khac phuc mat han che, phu hop vdi phap luat, chinh sach va chu truong cua Dang va Nha nudc Hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH la van de ldn, lien quan den chu truong, chinh sach cua Dang, Nha nudc va pham vi nhieu nganh, tac gia da het sue cd gang nhung de tai hoan toan mdi nen khong tranh khoi cd khiem khuyet Mong rang thdi gian tdi, de tai tiep tuc duoc nghien cuu, bo sung, hoan thien de phat huy manh me hon nua nguon vdn tin dung uu dai cua Nha nudc cho vay ddi vdi ho ngheo va cac F doi tuong chinh sach khac, dap ung yeu cau qua trinh phat trien cua nen kinh X te thi trudng, dinh hudng XHCN, hoi nhap kinh te qudc te./ X 106 DANH MUC • TAI LIEU • THAM KHAO r David Begg, Stanley Fischer, Rudiger Dombusch (1995), Kinh te hoc, NXB Giao due, Ha Noi Frederich S Mishkin (1993), Tien te ngan hang va thi trudng tai chinh, NXB Khoa hoc va ky thuat, Ha Noi TS NguySn Kim Anh, Ths D6 Kim Hao (2006), Nhung kien thuc ca ban ve tin dung, phuangphap quan ly cap tin dung, Tai lieu giang day, Hoc vien Ngan hang, Ha Noi PGS TS Nguyen Nguyen Van Dinh (2008), giao trinh an sinh xa hoi, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Ha Npi PGS TS Doan Thi Thu Ha, PGS TS Nguyen Thi Ngoc Huyen (2006), Giao trinh Chinh sach kinh te - xa hoi, NXB Khoa hoc va ky thuat, Ha Noi PGS TS Phan Thi Thu Ha (2009), Giao trinh ngan hang thuang mai, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Ha Noi Hoang Xuan Que (2002), Nghiep vu Ngan hang Trung uang, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi PGS.TS Tran Thi Thu, PGS.TS Vu Hoang Ngan (2008), Quan ly ngudn nhan luc to chuc cong, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Ha Noi Bo Giao due va Dao tao (2002), Giao trinh Kinh te chinh tri Mac - Le Nin, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 10 Chinh phu (2002), Nghi dinh so 78/2002/ND-Chinhphu, 04/10/2002 ve tin dung ddi vdi ngudi ngheo va cac doi tuong chinh sach khac 11 Thu tuong Chinh phu (2002), Quyet dinh sd 131/2002/QD-TTg, 04/10/2002 ve viec Thanh lap NHCSXH Viet Nam 12 Thu tuong Chinh phu (2003), Quyet dinh sd 16/2003/QD-TTg, 22/01/2003 ve viec Phe duyet Dieu le td chuc va hoat dong cua NHCSXH Viet Nam 13 Thu tuong Chinh phu (2003), Chi thi sd 05/2003/CT-TTg, 18/03/2003 ve chi dao hoat dong cua NHCSXH 107 14 Thu tuong Chinh phu (2004), Chi thi so 09/2004/CT-TTg, 16/03/2004 ve viec nang cao nang luc va hieu qua hoat dong cua NHCSXH 15 Cue thong ke tinh Bac Giang (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010), Nien giam thong ke, NXB Thong ke 16 Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2006, 2011), Vdn kien Dai hoi dang toan quoc lan thu X, XI, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia 17 Chu tich Hoi dong quan tri NHCSXH (2003), Quyet dinh so 161/QD-HDQT 17/4/2003 ve viec ban hanh Quy che hoat dong cua Hoi dong quan tri NHCSXH; 18 Chu tich Hoi dong quan tri NHCSXH (2003), Quyet dinh so 162/QD-HDQT 17/4/2003 ve viec ban hanh Quy che hoat dong cua Ban dai dien Hoi dong quan tri NHCSXH cac cap; 19 Chu tich Hoi dong quan tri NHCSXH (2003), Quyet dinh so 783/QD-HDQT 29/7/2003 ve viec ban hanh Quy che ve to chuc va hoat dong cua To TK& VV; 20 Chu tich Hoi dong quan tri NHCSXH (2010), Vdn ban so 49/HDQT-BKS 10/6/2010 ve viec thuc hien cong tac kiem tra, giam sat cua BDD HDQT; 21 Quoc hoi nude cong hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam (2010), Luat Cac To chuc tin dung, sd 47/2010/QH12, 16/6/2010 22 NHCSXH Viet Nam (2006,2007, 2008, 2009, 2010), Bao cao tong ket nam, Ha Noi 23 NHCSXH chi nhanh tinh Bac Giang (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010), Bao cao ■> r r tong ket nam, Bac Giang 24 Tinh Uy Bac Giang (2006, 2010), Vdn kien Dai hoi Dang bo tinh XVI, XVII, NXB Bac Giang 25 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Bac Giang (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010), Bao cao tinh hinh kinh te- xa hoi cua tinh, Bac Giang 26 Vien nghien cuu quan ly kinh te trung uong (2008), Hoan thien the che kinh te thi truang dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia,NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi 108 27 Tap chi Kinh te va Phat trien (2011), Co che tin dung cua NHCSXH chi nhanh tinh Bac Giang - thuc trang va giai phap, tac gia: Nguyen Van Cudng, Lap Cao r ? hoc 18M, trudng Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan 28 NHCSXH Viet Nam, cac van ban nghiep vu tin dung 29 Cac trang website: http ://www.chinhphu.vn http ://www.bacgiang.gov.vn http ://www.mof.gov.vn http ://www.vbsp.org.vn