Thu hút đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài ( fdi) tại tổng công ty bưu chính viễn thông thực trạng và giải pháp

in*» ■ ■ -an WZS»f- TRU'ONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN - &&& - DAI HOC KTQD TRUNG TAM TP XRQG A EbL N THU HUT DAU TUTRUC TIEP NUOc NGOAI (FDI) TAI ~ TONG CONG TY BUtJ CHINH VIEN THONG - THIJC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP Chuyen nganh: Kinh te Dau tu LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE Ngudi huting dan khoa hoc: PGS TS Nguyen Bach Nguyet DAI HOC KT0D TRUNG T ACWnS THONG TIN THO VIEN HA NOI - 2006 2130 MUC LUC Trang DANH MUC CAC TIT, THUAT NGCVIET TAT DANH MUC SO DO - BANG BIEU TOM TAT LUAN VAN MC5 DAU CHUONG 1: MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN VE DAU TUTRUC TIEP NIOC NGOAI (FDI) 1.1 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai (FDI) 1.1.1 Khai niem va dac diem cua FDI 1.1.1.1 Khai niem FDI 1.1.1.2 Dac diem FDI 1.1.2 Mot so ly thuyet ve FDI 1.1.2.1 Cac ly thuyet kinh tevi mo 1.1.2.2 Cac ly thuyet kinh tevi md 1.1.3 Cac hinh thtre FDI theo phap luat Viet Nam 1.1.3.1 Cac hinh thuc FDI theo Luat Dau tu nude ngoai 1.1.3.2 Cac hinh thuc FDI duac phep dp dung linh vuc BCVT cua Viet Nam 1.1.4 Tac dong cua FDI doi vdi nude nhan dau tu noi chung va doi vdi nganh Buu chinh Vi6n thong noi rieng 1.1.4.1 Tac dong cua FDI doi vdi nude nhan dau tu 1.1.4.2 Tac dong cua FDI doi vdi nganh Buu chinh Vien thong 1.2 Thu hut FDI 1.2.1 Tinh tat yeu canh tranh thu hut FDI 1.2.2 Cac nhan to anh hudng tdi kha nang thu hut FDI noi chung va linh vuc Buu chinh ViSn thong noi rieng 1.3 Kinh nghiem thu hut FDI cua mot so nude va bai hoc vdi Viet Nam noi chung, vdi nganh Buu chinh Vi£n thong noi rieng 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem thu hut FDI cua mot so nude 1.3.2 Bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam noi chung va cho nganh Buu chinh Vi6n thong Viet Nam noi rieng 4 7 12 12 15 16 16 21 24 24 26 37 37 42 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG THU HUT FDI TAI TONG CONG TY BUU CHINH VlfiN THONG ., 2.1 Tong quan ve Tong cong ty Buu chfnh ViOn thong 2.1.1 Qua trinh hinh va phat triOn cua Tong cong ty 2.1.2 Chur nang nhiem vu cua Tong cong ty 2.1.3 Mo hinh to chuc quan ly cua Tong cong ty 2.1.4 Ket qua hoat dong san xu£t kinh doanh cua Tong cong ty thoi gian qua 2.2 Thuc trang thu hut FDI d Tong Cong ty Buu chfnh ViOn thong 2.2.1 Tong quan ve tinh hinh thu hut FDI tai Viet Nam 221.1 Xu hitting nguon von FD1 vao Viet Nam 2.2.12 Nhting ttu noi bat cua FD1 tai Viet Nam thtii gian qua 221.3 Nhung ton tai, han che hoat dong thu hut FDI thtii gian qua 2.2.2 Thuc trang thu hut FDI tai Tong Cong ty Buu chfnh ViOn thong 2221 So litpng cac dit an va quy mo von FDI vao Tong cong ty Buu chinh Vien thOng 2.2.22 Tinh hinh thu hut FDI theo cac hinh thtic dau tu vao Tong cong ty Bitu chinh Vien thong 2.2.2.3 Tinh hinh thu hut FD1 vao cac linh vitc kinh doanh cua Tong cong ty Btu chinh Vien thong 22.2.4 Tinh hinh thu hut FD1 vao Tong cong ty Bull chinh Vien thong theo cac doi tac 2.3 Danh gia thuc trang thu hut FDI tai Tong Cong ty Buu chfnh Vien thong 2.3.1 Nhung ket qua da dat duoc va nguyen nhan 2.3.11 Nhutng ket qua da dat ducc 2.3.12 Nguyen nhan cua nhitng ket qua dat dupe 2.3.2 Nhung van de ton tai va nguyen nhan 2.321 Mot so van de ton tai cua cac dt an BCC va nguyen nhan 2.3.22 Mot so van de ton tai cua cac doanh nghiep lien doanh va nguyen nhan 47 47 47 47 48 52 55 55 55 57 61 63 63 66 81 82 84 84 84 87 88 88 93 CHUONG 3: GIAI PHAP TANG CUdNG THU HUT FDI TAI TONG CONG TY BUU CHINH VlfiN THONG ' 96 3.1 Sir can thiet phai tang cirdng thu hut FDI vao linh vuc Buu chinh Vi6n thong 96 3.2 Dinh hudng va nhu cau thu hut FDI cua Tong cong ty Buu chinh Vitin thong 97 3.2.1 Muc tieu va nhiem vu chu yeu cua Tong cong ty giai doan 2006-2010 ’ 97 3.2.2 Quan diem va dinh hudng huy dong cac ngudn von linh vuc Buu chinh Vidn thong 3.2.3 Nhu cau thu hut FDI cua Tong cong ty thdi gian tod 3.3 Ma tran SWOT hoat dong thu hut FDI cua Tong cong ty 3.4 Mot so giai phap chu yeu nhhm tang cirimg thu hut FDI cua Tong cong ty 3.4.1 Hoan thien quy hoach mang ludi BCVT 3.4.2 Giai phap v6 nang cao cong tac to chiic quan ly cua Tong cong ty viec thu hut FDI 99 100 101 105 106 107 3.4.3 Giai phap thu hut FDI theo cac hinh thuc dau tu 113 3.4.4 Mo rong thu hut FDI vao cac linh vuc kinh doanh cua Tong cong ty 117 3.4.5 Day manh tien huy dong va sir dung von dau tu cua doi tac 122 3.4.6 Giai phap cho van de thi trudng va gia san pham cac lien doanh BCVT ’ 123 3.4.7 Giai phap cho van de chuyen giao cong nghe cac du an FDI tai Tong Cong ty 124 3.4.8 Nang cao chat luong nghien cuu, dam phan ky ket cac hop dong FDI .’ ’ 126 3.4.9 To chuc tot cong tac van dong dau tu 129 3.5 Mot so kien nghi vod Nha nude nhain tang cirong thu hut FDI 130 KET LUAN 133 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO DANH MUC CAC TIT, THU AT NGC VIET TAT BC VT CNTT BCC BOT BTO BT FDI TCT TCT BCVT VNPT DTNN ICOR VMS VTI GSM USD VND KT FCR NTT WTO CP ND DA HD DN LD Biru chinh Vifen thong Cong nghe Thong tin Business Cooperation Contract - Hop dong hop tac kinh doanh Business Operate Transfer - Xay dung kinh doanh chuyen giao Business Transfer Operate - Xay dung chuyen giao kinh doanh Business Transfer - Xay dung chuyen giao Foreign Direct Investment - Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai Tong cong ty Buu chinh Vi6n thong Viet Nam Tong cong ty Buu chinh Vidn thong Viet Nam Tong cong ty Buu chinh ViSn thong Viet Nam Dau tu nude ngoai Increamental Capital Output Ratio - he so' ICOR Cong ty Thong tin di dong Cong ty Vidn thong Quoc te Cong nghe mang di dong dong la My dong Viet Nam Tap doan Vidn thong Han Quoc Tap doan Vidn thong Phap Tap doan ViSn thong Nhat Ban World Trade Organization - To chiic Thuong mai The gidi Chinh phu Nghi dinh Du an Hop dong Doanh nghiep Lien doanh DANH MUC SO DO - BANG BIEU TT Danh muc Bieu 1.1 So 2.1 Bieu 2.1 Bieu 2.2 Bieu 2.3 Bang 2.1 Bang 2.2 Bang 2.3 Bang 2.4 10 Bang 2.5 11 Bang 2.6 12 Bang 2.7 13 Bang 2.8 14 Bang 2.9 15 16 Bang 2.10 Bang 2.11 17 So 3.1 18 So 3.2 19 20 So 3.3 So 3.4 21 Bang 3.1 22 Bang 3.2 Ten so va bang bieu Trang Thue bao dien thoai cua Viet Nam giai doan 32 1991 2^(X)5 ' Mo hinh to chuc quan ly cua VNPT 49 Nguon von FDI dang ky giai doan 1998-2005 59 Co cau cac du an FDI giai doan 1998-2005 60 10 nha dau tu nudc ngoai hang dau tai Viet Nam 60 (tinh theo von dau tu) giai doan 1998-2005 Mot so chi tieu kinh doanh chu yeu cua VNPT 52 giai doan 2001 - 2005 So luong cac du an FDI va so von dang ky cua 64 chung tai VNPT Cac hinh thuc FDI cua VNPT giai doan 1988 66 2005 Von dang ky FDI theo tung hinh thuc dau tu tai 67 VNPT Von dau tu cua doi tac cac du an BCC tai 68 VNPT Tinh hinh giai ngan cua cac BCC tai VNPT 72 Tinh hinh cap giay phep cua cac lien doanh vdi 75 VNPT Hinh thuc gop von cac du an lien doanh 77 cua VNPT Tong von dau tu va ty le gop von cac lien 80 doanh cua VNPT tinh den Von FDI theo linh vuc hoat dong tai VNPT 81 Von FDI phan theo doi tac tai VNPT 82 Mo hinh Cong ty thuc hien du an truc thuoc 109 VNPT Mo hinh Cong ty thuc hien du an truc thuoc don 109 vi Mo hinh Ban dieu hanh du an cap Tong cong ty 110 Mo hinh Ban dieu hanh du an cap don vi 111 Ma tran SWOT hoat dong thu hut FDI cua 101 Tong cong ty Nhu cdu tieu thu may dien thoai cac loai nam 121 2005 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN - &&& TRAN DAO NGUYEN THU HUT DAU TUTRUC TIEP NU(3c NGOAI (FDI) TAI X A Z ~ A A TONG CONG TY BUU CHINH VIEN THONG THUC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP Chuyen nganh: Kinh te Dau tu LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY HA NOI - 2006 TOM TAT LUAN VAN PHAN MU DAU Tinh cap thiet cua de tai Nhu cau phat trien kinh te cua mot quo'c gia doi hoi quo'c gia phai biet tap trung tat ca cac nguon lire cua minh de dau tu phat trien nhung nganh kinh te duqc xem la then chot BCVT la mot nhung nganh nhu vSy, vdi muc tieu la lam nen tang keo theo su phat trien cua cac nganh kinh te khac dua dat nude di len Nguon von huy dong nude khong phai luc nao cung du de dap ung yeu cau Do vay, nhu cau tat yeu sinh la huy dong von dau tu nude ngoai co nguon von FDI Nguon von cd y nghia quan vi nd bo sung luqng von thieu hut nude Nhan there ro viec nghien cuu hoat dong dau tu true tiep nude ngoai tai TCT BCVT Viet Nam va de xuat cac giai phap nham nang cao hieu qua hoat dong thu hut von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao Tong cong ty la het sue can thiet nen toi chon de tai: "Thu hut dau tit true tiep nude ngoai (FDI) tai Tong cong ty Buu chinh Vien thong - Thue trang va giai phap" lam de tai luan van thac sy Muc dich nghien curu - Danh gia thuc trang FDI tai VNPT; Tren co sd de xuat mot so giai phap day manh hoat dong thu hut FDI tai VNPT Doi tuqng va pham vi nghien cufu - Nghien cuu hoat dong thu hut FDI tai VNPT; - Thdi gian nghien cun ke tir cd du an FDI dau tien den nam 2005 Phuong phap nghien cutu Phuong phap thong ke, phan tfch, tong hop, khai quat hoa v.v Nhung dong gop cua Luan van - He thong hoa nhung ly luan co ban ve thu hut FDI ii - Danh gia duoc thuc trang va rut cac ket luan can thiet ve viec day manh hoat dong thu hut tai Tong cong ty BCVT Viet Nam - De xuat duoc mot so giai phap chu yeu nhSm tang cudng thu hut FDI tai Tong cong ty BCVT Viet Nam Ket cau noi dung cua Luan van Luan van duoc ket cau chuong bao gom: Chuang 1: Mot so van de co ban ve dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai (FDI) Chuang 2: Thuc trang thu hut FDI tai Tong cong ty Buu chinh Vi6n thong Chuang 3: Giai phap tang cudng thu hut FDI tai Tong cong ty Buu chinh Vifin thong CHUONG1 MOT SO VAN DE UY UUAN VE DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI (FDI) 1.1 Dan tu truc tiep nudc ggoai (FDI) 1.1.1 Khai niem va dac diem caa FDI: 1.1.1.1 Khai niem FDI: FDI duoc hieu chung nhat la hoat dong dau tu dai han ma chu dau tu la ngudi nudc ngoai dua von vao mot nudc khac va tham gia truc tiep vao viec quan ly, sd dung von theo quy dinh cua luat dau tu nudc sd tai, nham muc tieu thu lai nhuan cao 1.1.1.2 Dac diem FDI > Chu DTNN duoc tham gia truc tiep vao quan he san xuat kinh doanh > Quan he dau tu FDI la quan he co muc dfch kinh doanh ro rang, loi nhuan la muc tieu cao nha't va cuoi cung cua nha dau tu > Tinh da quoc tich mot du an co nguon von FDI > Hinh thuc dau tu FDI thudng di kem vofi hoat dong chuyen giao cong nghe voi nhung noi dung, muc va hinh thuc khac 121 + Horp tac lien ket san xuat, tieu thu cac san ph^m phan mem: Gia cong san pham; Tham gia cac du an CNTT - dam nhiem tung phan viec; Hop tac nghien chu phat trien san pham moi - phat trien cac san pham rieng + Hop tac cung tham gia cac du an CNTT TCT Qua hoc hoi va chuyen giao cong nghe TCT xem xet viec yeu cau cac doi tac tham gia thau cac du an CNTT phai co hop tac vdi mot don vi TCT - Loi fch hop tac: + Tranh thu kinh nghiem va uy tin cua cac doi tac, hop tac de nghien cuu, phat trien san pham va thi trudng + Dam bao giu vung vai tro doi vdi thi trudng cong nghe thong linh vuc VT va giu vai tro quan doi vOi thi trudng CNTT nudc Day manh xuat khau san pham de tang trudng va tiep can xu hudng quoc te c Hop tac san xuat cac thiet bi dau cuoi nhi( dien thoni co dinh dien thoai di dong: Hien nay, mang dien thoai cua TCT da co gan trieu may dien thoai co dinh va tren trieu may dien thoai di dong Nhu cau tieu thu may dien thoai cac loai la rat ldn the hien qua mot so so lieu co tinh chat khai quat sau: Bang 3.2: Nhu cau tieu thu may dien thoai cac loai nam 2005 TT Chi tieu So may DT dang sfr dung dau nam 2005 May Nhu cau tieu thu may DT nam 2005 May/nam Don vi DT co dinh DT di dong Ghi chu 4.000.000 1.200.000 So may DT co dinh bao gom ca cac may mac song song 1.400.000 800.000 - Nhu cau thay the may cu May/nam 1.000.000 400.000 - Nhu cau lap dat mdi nam 2005 May/nam 400.000 400.000 Dong/may Ty VND/nam 300.000 3.000.000 420 2.40 Gia may binh quan Tong doanh so May DT co dinh sd dung bq nam, may DT di dong sd dung bq nam «188 trieu USD Nguon: Bag ke hoach, VNPT Hien nay, thi trudng van chua duoc cac nha san xua't chu y khai thac, phan ldn dien thoai dau cuoi dang su dung tai Viet Nam la may nhap 122 ngoai Hop tac lien doanh vdi nude ngoai nham san xuat va cung ca'p may dien thoai dam bao chat luomg cho ngudi tieu dung la mot hudng dau tu cd nhieu trien vong 3.4.5 Day manh tien huy dong va sir dung von dau tu cua ddi tac Tien huy dong va sir dung von dau tu cua do'i tac cd anh hudng rat ldn den hieu qua hoat dong cua cac dir an FDI Trong thdi gian vira qua, tien dau tu mot so du an BCC cua TCT khdng dam bao so vdi ke hoach de Dac biet cac du an BCC noi hat cd tien dau tu dang rat cham Tien dau tu cham anh hudng den tmh chat dong bo mang ludi va kha nang phat huy hieu qua cua cac nguon von da dau tu Day nhanh duqc tien huy dong von la van de quan ma TCT can giai quyet nham nang cao hieu qua cua cac du an Mot sd bien phap day nhanh tien huy dong va sir dung von FDI: + Xay dung co che quan ly dac thu cho cac du an FDI: Tuy Viet Nam da gia nhap WTO nhung vong nam tdi viec trien khai cac du an DTNN vin ddi hoi mot the che va co che khac vdi hoat dong dau tu bang nguon von nudc TCT nen coi cac dir an dung von nudc ngoai la cac dir an cd tinh dac thu, can cd qui che va qui trinh trien khai rieng + Xay dung qui trinh, thu tuc trien khai dau tu, dau thau ap dung cho du an dung nguon von nudc ngoai vdi cac uu dai cu the: qui trinh don gian, giam bdt cac khau can phe duyet, day nhanh tien phe duyet, tham dinh du an Cho phep cac du an FDI duqc ap dung cac hinh there dau tu va thi cong dir an ngoai te, nang cao tinh chu dong, trach nhiem cua cac don vi viec quan ly dau tu, dau thau va kinh doanh du an TCT cd the xem xet ap dung cac phuong there thuc hien dau tu khac nham tang toe thuc hien du an VI du: Phuong thtre tong thau la mot phuong thuc cd the ap dung duqc cho viec xay dung mang ludi Phuong thuc cho phep giam bdt cac dau mdi, cac du an 123 nhd, trien khai cong viec tap trung cho nha tong thau va gia tang trach nhiem cua nha thau + Nghien cuu chuyen tir co che "xin phep" hien sang co che "giam sat", cu the la: Phan quyen va trach nhiem nhieu hon cho don vi viec thuc hien dau tu, kinh doanh du an TCT chi thuc duyet ke hoach dau tu va kinh doanh hang nam cua cac du an va giao don vi chu dong thuc hien Cac budc thuc hien don vi bao cao ve TCT va TCT chi "phu quyet" trudng hop can thiet + TCT sdm can xay dung phuong an su dung cac ngudn von du cua cac du an BCC Theo danh gia hien nay, cac du an BCC noi hat se khong sir dung het ngudn vdn cam ket cac hop ddng BCC Luong vdn dau tu khong sir dung den cd the len tdi hon 200 trieu USD De nang cao hieu qua cac du an BCC noi hat nay, TCT xem xet tan dung ngudn vdn thira de dam phan, md rong hinh thdc va linh vuc hop tac Mot sd kha nang tan dung vdn: Dam phan keo dai thdi gian dau tu hien cua hop ddng tir nam len nam va tham chi len 10 nam nham tan dung vdn va hoan thien muc tieu xay dung 780.000 dudng dien thoai mdi Xay dung cac mang VT khac tai Viet Nam hoac phat trien dich vu mdi nhu dich vu Internet, dich vu gia tang tren mang Xem xet kha nang ddi tac dau tu vao cac cdng ty true thuoc cac don vi nham tang cudng nang lire hoat dong cua cac cdng ty: cdng ty thiet ke, cdng ty xay dung, cdng ty VT 3.4.6 Giai phap cho van de thi trudng va gia san pham cac lien doanh BCVT * Gidi phap ve thi trudng: Tang cudng cung cd thi trudng nudc bang each gia tang cac kenh phan phoi san pham VT hop ly, tang cudng cac hinh there quang cao, khuyen mai nham thuc day qua trinh dua san pham den ngudi tieu dung 124 Thudng xuyen to chuc cac Hoi nghi khach hang nham gia tang kha nang ban va tim hieu nhu cau mdi phat sinh cua thi trudng noi dia Mo rong pham vi tiep thi san pham tdi Buu dien dia phuong tren pham vi ca nude VNPT can phai dan cat bo co che bao tieu san pham cua cac LD tai thi trudng Viet Nam, tien tdi sir dung hinh thuc dau thau cho toan bo cac san pham can thiet Bien phap nham nang cao tinh chu dong va kha nang canh tranh cua cac LD viec tim kiem thi trudng tieu thu san pham Thuc day xuat khau, tiep thi tai thi trudng VT khu vuc, the gidi, khuyen khich doi tac nudc ngoai tiep thi, tieu thu san pham d thi trudng quo'c te Nang cao cong suat van hanh thiet bi va tri d muc hieu qua nhat dong thdi su dung he thong lao dong gian tiep d mile hop ly de tao su canh tranh cho san pham tren thi trudng va ngoai nudc * Gidi phap ve gid: Va'n de gia cua san pham cac LD vdi nudc ngoai ve VT phai duqc VNPT phoi hop ban bac vdi do'i tac nham co duqc chinh sach gia hop ly nhat Chinh sach gia can duqc xem xet theo cac hudng sau: Thu nhat: Cac LD phai tang cudng kiem soat chat che nguyen vat lieu dau vao, tranh tinh trang bi phia nudc ngoai ep gia lam tang gia ban cua san phaiin Tang cudng cong tac noi dia hoa nguyen vat lieu cd the cung cap nudc va cac nudc khu vuc, tien tdi khong bi phu thuoc vao ddi tac Thu hai: Lqi the canh tranh cua san pham cd cac yeu to dau vao thuan lqi hon so vdi khu vuc (nhan cong, chi phi san xua't, thi trudng noi dia ) Thu: ba: Gia cua san pham duqc xac lap vdi mdc lai suat vira phai, mang tinh canh tranh xet tren mat bang gia quo'c te 3.4.7 Giai phap cho van de chuyen giao edng nghe cac du an FDI tai Tong Cong ty Cac hop dong chuyen giao cong nghe thudng di kem vdi viec hinh cac LD can phai duqc lap va giam sat chat che theo cac hudng sau: 125 Thir nhat: Phai xac dinh va lira chon duoc cong nghe thich hop de thirc hien chuyen giao Cong nghe thich hap la cong nghe phu hap vdi khd nang vd trinh san xuat cua nganh BCVT Viet Nam mot giai doan xac dinh, tao dieu kien khai thac tdi da nhung lai the so sanh cua nen kinh te nudc vd dem lai hieu qua kinh te xa hoi cao Khdng phai moi cong nghe tien tien nhat deu la cong nghe thich hap Thu hai: uu tien lira chon cong nghe khong bi hoac it bi phu thuoc vao nguon nguyen vat lieu nhap khau va uu tien cong nghe ma ddi tac co kha nang bao tieu san pham san xuat tai thi trudng Viet Nam Day la gidi phap nham noi dia hod tdi da san pham san xuat nudc, tao the chu dong cho Viet Nam viec van hanh day chuyen cong nghe vd dinh hudng san pham hudng ve xua't khau Thtr ba: Lira chon dung ddi tac cung cap cong nghe Cac yeu cau lua chon doi tac bao gom: + Do'i tac phai duqc lua chon thdng qua hinh thuc dau thau quoc te Muc dich cua yeu cau nhdm giup TCT BCVT Viet Nam chon duqc cong nghe thich hop vdi gid cd phit hqp nhat Mat khac tranh viec do'i tac nudc ngoai tang gid hay dua cong nghe da loi thdi vao Viet Nam + Do'i tac phai cd lich su phat trien ro rang, cd kinh nghiem vd uy tin tren thi trudng the gidi, dac biet la linh vuc se hup tac vdi TCT + Doi tac cd du nang luc tdi chinh, nang luc cong nghe, dam bao co the cung hqp tac trien khai du an, dap Ung nhu cau von, cong nghe cua TCT 126 Cac thong tin ve doi tac co the ditcfc thu nhap qua cac td chut BC, VT Viet Nam Thu tu: Can co cac quy dinh ro rang viec rang buoc trach nhiem chuyen giao, tien chuyen giao ve cong nghe ky thuat, kinh nghiem quan ly cho TCT 3.4.8 Nang cao chat luong nghien cuu, dam phan ky ket cac hop dong FDI De ky ket duoc mot hop dong FDI, TCT phai thuc hien mot loat cac cong viec co lien quan nhu: xac dinh linh vuc can dau tu, lira chon doi tac, nghien cun tien kha thi, nghien cuu kha thi, quyet dinh dau tu va dam phan ky ket hop dong Trong thdi gian vira qua, mot so hop ddng FDI duoc ky ket co chat luong chua cao VI du nhu mot sd du an BCC du bao nhu c£u phat trien cua thi trudng chua chinh xac; chua cu the hoa duoc trach nhiem cua doi tac tung trudng hop phat sinh; Mot sd hop ddng LD chua cu the hoa tien trinh chuyen giao cong nghe cung nhu quyen lpi va nghia vu cua cac ben lien quan den hoat dong chuyen giao cong nghe Nang cao chat lupng cac hpp ddng FDI la mot yeu cau tat yeu de nang cao hieu qua hoat dong FDI tai TCT Nang cao chat lupng hpp ddng FDI dupe the hien qua viec nang cao chat lupng tat ca cac khau co lien quan FDI dupe the hien qua viec nang cao chat lupng tat ca cac khau cd lien quan a Xac dinh va luti chon dut an can FDI De lua chon du an, TCT can nghien cun, xac dinh nhu cau thi trudng san pham, dich vu BC - VT, nhu cau phat trien hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua TCT Tren co sd TCT phat hien, xac dinh cac du an can dau tu, tien hanh nghien cuu so bo timg du an vd cac mat: nhu cau vdn dau tu, nhu cau cdng nghe, kinh nghiem can cd de qua lira chon dir an can trien khai theo huong hpp tac kinh doanh hoac LD vdi cac ddi tac nuoc ngoai Cac du an FDI 127 phai dap ung dupe yeu cau la nen tang ve ky thuat, cong nghe san xuat kinh doanh cua TCT, la tien de de TCT phat trien cac hoat dong tuong tu Bude trien khai nghien cun xac dinh va lira chon du an can duoc thuc hien don gian, it ton kem Tren co sd hoat dong quan ly hang ngay, cac bp phan chtrc nang cua TCT phat hien nghien cun va de xuat cac du an cua TCT, cac don vi vien phat hien, nghien cun va de xuat cac du an pham vi cua don vi b Lita chon doi tac: Van de lira chon ddi tac la het sue quan trong viec nang cao hieu qua dau tu FDI Lua chon dung doi tac se giam bdt dupe thdi gian chuan bi du an, dam phan ky ket hop dong va la co sd de TCT co thd dat dupe nhung muc tieu da dat Cac yeu cau lua chon ddi tac: + Ddi tac cd lich sir phat trien ro rang, cd kinh nghiem va uy tin tren thi trudng the gidi, dac biet la kinh nghiem va uy tin linh vuc du kien se hop tac vdi TCT + Ddi tac cd du nang luc tai chfnh, nang luc cong nghe dam bao cd the cung hop tac trien khai du an, dap ung nhu cau von, cong nghe cua TCT + Ddi tac cd thien chf va dir kien hoat dong lau dai tai Viet Nam va sin sang md rong hop tac dieu kien cho phep + Ddi tac khong "che giau” cong nghe, cd tinh than hop tac viec chia se cac cong nghe Cac thong tin vd ddi tac dupe thu thap dua vao cac yeu cau tren va TCT cd the thu thap qua cac ngudn nhu cac to chuc BC - VT quoc te', cac ddi tac da va dang hop tac lam an cd hieu qua tai Viet Nam c Nghien ci'tu khang dinh ccfhoi ddu tit Nghien cuu khang dinh co hoi dau tu gom nhidu nghien ciiu tien kha thi va nghien cun kha thi Nghien cuu tidn kha thi la nghien cuu khai quat va cac 128 van de co anh hudng den du an dau tu nhlm loai bo cac dir an bap benh vd kha nang thu loi, giup TCT giam bdt dupe thdi gian va chi phi nghien cuu Mot so du an dau tir qui md nho, khong phuc tap thi TCT co the bo qua nghien cuu tien kha thi Nghien cuu kha thi la qua trinh di sau nghien cun khang dinh co hoi dau tu da dupe TCT lira chon co dam bao tmh kha thi hay khdng Nghien cuu tien kha thi va nghien cuu kha thi la hai qua trinh nghien cun d hai muc khac nham xac dinh rd cac van de cd lien quan den du an va anh hudng cua nd: + Mdi trudng phat trien kinh te xa hoi cd anh hudng den dir an + Nghien cun thi trudng va du bao nhu cau + Nghien cun ky thuat, cong nghe + Nghien cun ve to chuc nhan sir + Nghien cuu ve tai chinh - hieu qua dau tu Qua trinh nghien cuu khang dinh co hoi dau tu TCT cd the nghien cuu doc lap hoac cd the phoi hop vdi ddi tac, hoc hoi, tan dung kinh nghiem cua ddi tac de cung nghien cun Nang cao chat lupng qua trinh nghien cun la dieu kien quan nhat de nang cao chat lupng hop dong FDI d Dam phan ky ket hap dong FDI Sau khang dinh co hoi dau tu va quyet dinh dau tu, TCT va ddi tac se tien hanh dam phan ky ket hop dong FDI Nang cao chat lupng dam phan ky ket hop dong se dam bao loi ich cua TCT dir an Nhung nguyen tac can tuan thu dam phan ky ket hop dong + Hai ben cung hudng loi nhuan va chia se rui ro cua du an tren co sd viec hach toan khoan thu va khoan chi chung hop ly Ddi vdi cac du an BCC, cac ben tu hach toan lai, Id that cua minh, phla TCT khdng kiem soat chi phi hoat dong cua ddi tac va cung khdng chiu rang buoc bdi ti le hoan von tdi thieu cua ddi tac nua 129 + Tang cudng vai tro va trach nhiem cua ddi tac du an Cac thoa thuan ve dieu hanh dir an BCC can cu the va cho phep ddi tac tham gia co muc vao hoat dong kinh doanh cua dir an (khong true tiep dieu hanh mang ludi) Gia tang cam ket ve hd tro quan ly, cung nhu la viec ap dung cac bien phap kinh doanh tien tien + Cd quy dinh rang buoc trach nhiem cua ddi tac moi cam ket ve vdn dau tu, tien giai ngan cung nhu viec rang buoc trach nhiem chuyen giao cong nghe ky thuat, kinh nghiem quan ly cho TCT Ddi vdi mot sd dir an da duoc ky ket nhung chua that chat che TCT se phai dam phan va dieu chinh lai mot sd noi dung va cac cam ket dau tu, kinh doanh da ky theo hudng phan anh dung nhu dau tu va kha nang kinh doanh thuc te, tang them cac cam ket ve hd trp quan ly, hd tro kinh doanh; khing dinh rd trach nhiem cua ddi tac cac cam ket ve chuyen giao cong nghe 3.4.9 To chuc tot cdng tac van dong dau tir Hien nay, chung ta mdi chi chu tdi viec ban hanh va xay dung cac danh muc keu goi dau tu Nhiem vu quan cua van dong dau tu la tuyen truyen danh muc nay,dong vien va loi cuon sir quan tam cua nha DTNN vao cac danh muc Hoat dong van dong dau tu cua TCT BCVT Viet Nam yeu kem d khau tuyen truyen, dong vien mot thdi gian dai hoat dong cua nganh luon d the bi dong, thuc hien theo chi tieu ke hoach Nha nudc giao Do khong tranh khoi su thieu kinh nghiem van de van dong dau tu Quoc te, kinh phi danh cho hoat dong eo hep: Phuong tien tuyen truyen ngheo nan, tu tudng ngoi chd nha dau tu den dat van de keo dai thdi ki dau Muon thuc hien cdng tac van dong dau tu tot TCT BCVT can phai danh mot khoan chi phi nhat dinh va can cd str quan tam thoa dang tdi van de Can phai to chdc tuyen truyen tir ben ngoai, Viet Nam chua cd dieu kien thiet lap cac van phong khuyen khich dau tu tai cac trung tam kinh 130 te the gicri nhtr Thai Lan, Indonexia, Malaysia, nhung chung ta co the thong qua cac bo phan thudng vu hoac kinh te cua co quan dai dien cua co quan dai dien ngoai giao Viet Nam tai nude ngoai Hoan thien dong bo he thong van ban va co che chfnh sach quan ly cac du an DTNN noi bo TCT Dam bao phat huy tdi da noi luc cua TCT, tan dung tot cac lqi ich cua hop tac dau tu, cu the ve cac mat: nhu cau von dau tu, yeu cau chuyen giao cong nghe ky thuat va quan ly, yeu cau vd phat trien kinh doanh va hieu qua kinh te khuyen khich va tao dieu kien cho cac don vi co von DTNN chu dong tridn khai du an theo tieu chi hieu qua - dung luat Thuc hien viec xay dung co che quan ly cac hoat dong ve dau tu, kinh doanh, tai chinh, chuyen giao cong nghe theo nguyen tac chuyen tir "xin phep va trinh duyet chi tiet" sang " trinh duyet tong the hang nam va giam sat thuc hien" TCT bao luu quyen "chi dao va phu quyet" trudng hop can thiet Theo do, cac don vi thuc hien nhu sau: - Hang nam don vi xay dung va trinh TCT ke hoach ve dau tu, chuyen giao cong nghe, phat tri6n dich vu/thi trudng va kinh doanh trinh lanh dao chuyen trach phe duyet - Tren co so do, don vi phoi hop vdi ddi tac trien khai cu the theo tien dang ky Vdi mdi du an thuc hien don vi giri hd so tai lieu bao cao cho TCT Sau mot thdi gian quy dinh vi du 15 ngay, neu TCT cd y kien chap thuan hoac khong tra ldi, don vi duqc phep triSn khai thuc hien 3.5 Mot sd kien nghi vdi Nha nudc nhbm tang cudng thu hut FDI 3.5.1 Tiep tuc hoan thien cac ca che chinh sach ve FDI Thuc te hien nay, Luat Dau tu 2005 cd xu hudng coi md hon Tuy nhien, cac van ban dudi Luat cd lien quan den hoat dong FDI lai chua on dinh, cac van ban hudng dan cung chua rd rang Nhieu viec khong cd hudng din phap ly nhu sir dung phi dich vu quan ly, don gia tinh cho chuyen gia Tinh 131 trang lam cho Tong cong ty thieu co sd phap ly chic chan cho viec xay dung va ap dung cac co che quan ly phu hop cho cac du an De tang curing thu hut va trien khai thuc hien FDI, Nha nudc can tiep tuc hoan thien he thdng phap luat, cac co che, chinh sach ve FDI theo hudng: + Tiep tuc nghien cuu xay dung, dieu chinh, hoan thien he thdng phap luat lien quan den FDI, tao dieu kien thuan lqi cho hoat dong FDI phat trien theo dung dinh hudng phat trien kinh te dat nudc va phu hop vdi yeu ca chu dong hoi nhap kinh te quoc te + Thiet lap mot mat bang phap ly chung ap dung cho ca dau tu nudc va FDI nham tao lap mdi trudng on dinh, binh dang cho san xuat va kinh doanh; dong thdi ap dung mot sd qui dinh ve dieu kien dau tu va uu dai phu hop vdi timg ddi tuong, linh vuc timg thdi ky + Da dang hoa cac hinh thuc FDI de khai thac them cac kenh thu hut dau tu mdi, dong thdi md rong cac linh vuc thu hut FDI phu hop vdi cam ket qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te + Tiep tuc thuc hien lo trinh giam chi phi dau tu va tien tdi che mot gia, ap dung thdng nhat cho dau tu nudc va FDI + Ddi mdi, hoan thien chinh sach tien te lien quan den hoat dong FDI theo hudng don gian va thdng thoang hon + Tiep tuc cai each he thdng thue phii hop vdi tinh hinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua dat nudc va cam ket quo'c te theo hudng don gian hoa cac sic thue, timg budc ap dung he thdng thue chung cho ca dau tu nudc va FDI 3.4.2 Bay manh cai tien cac thu tuc hanh chinh Song song vdi qua trinh hoan thien cac qui dinh cua phap luat ddi vdi hoat dong FDI Nha nudc cung can day manh tien cac thu tuc hanh chinh theo hudng sau: + Day manh cai each hanh chinh lien quan den FDI, nghien cuu xay dung co che quan ly va to chhc theo hudng "mot ctra, mot dau mdi" Tang 132 cudng phoi hop chat che giua co quan quan ly Nha nudc d Trung uong dia phuong va nganh, phan dinh ro quyen han, trach nhiem cua tung co quan viec giai quyet cac van de phat sinh, day nhanh tien giai quyet cac thu tuc hanh chinh qua trinh cap giay phep va trien khai cac du an + Cai tien manh thu tuc hanh chinh lien quan den cac hoat dong FDI theo hudng tiep tuc don gian hoa viec cap giay phep dau tu, md rong pham vi cac du an thuoc dien dang ky cap phep dau tu Ra soat he thong cac loai giay phep, cac qui dinh lien quan den hoat dong FDI, tren co sd bai bo nhung giay phep, qui dinh khong can thiet 3.4.3 Ap dung mot so qui dinh rieng cho cac dytan FDI dac thii Cac du an FDI da mang lai cho nen kinh te nhung loi ich quan trong, hoat dong cua cac du an co mot so' dac thu nen can co mot so' qui dinh rieng de qua co the khuyen khich, tao dieu kien cho cac du an di vao hoat dong duoc nhanh chong va hieu qua Cu the la: + Thuc hien chinh sach uu dai, thuc su khuyen khich cac du an su dung cong nghe cao hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh Qua khuyen khich cac DN manh dan dau tu, trang bi nhung cong nghe tien tien nhat vao hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua DN + Nha nudc can co nhung qui dinh rieng cho hoat dong dau tu, dau thau cac du an FDI: hudng din viec trien khai cac hoat dong dau tu, da'u thau, don gia cho cac du an FDI theo hudng don gian, thuan tien va nhanh chong hon + Nha nudc can lam ro danh muc thiet bi, vat tu nudc chua san xuat duoc, tao thuan loi cho viec nhap khau thiet bi, vat tu kip thdi cho hieu 9 Z Z qua cua cac du an 133 KET LUAN Cong cuoc cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa vdi sir dong gop cua khu vuc FDI tao nhung dieu kien het sue thuan lpi cho phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua dat nudc noi chung va su phat trien cua nganh BCVT Viet Nam noi rieng Vdi su dong gop cua FDI, nganh BCVT da gat hai dupe nhung tuu dang ke Tuy nhien, vln nhidu han che ddi hoi chfnh nganh BCVT phai cai thien de cd the dap ung dupe nhu cau cua nen kinh te, dong thdi tao dieu kien de thu hut hon nua von FDI Qua nghien cuu ve ly luan FDI va thuc trang ve FDI vao nganh BCVT thdi gian qua, de tai da manh dan de xuat mot sd giai phap tir phia Nha nudc va tir phia TCT BCVT Hy vong nhung giai phap cung vdi nhung chinh sach dung dan cua Nha nudc ta ve FDI, tinh hinh FDI cua nudc ta noi chung va nganh BCVT Viet Nam noi rieng se cang dupe cai thien, phuc vu tot hon cho str nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc, vi muc tieu "Dan giau, nitac manh, xa hoi cong bang, dan chit van minh" Toi xin chan cam on su hudng din tan tinh cua Co giao PGS TS Nguydn Bach Nguyet cung cac thay co giao Bo mon Kinh te Dau tu da giup toi hoan luan van TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguydn Thi Hudng - Quan tri du an dau tit mtdc ngoai va chuyen giao cong nghe - Nha xuat ban Thong ke - 2000 PGS.TS Nguydn Bach Nguyet - TS Tir Quang Phuong - Giao trinh kinh te dau tit - Trudng dai hoc KTQD - Nha xuat ban Thong ke 2004 Nguydn Xuan Lam - Giai phap nang cao hieu qua dau tu true tiep cua nudc ngoai tai Tong cdng ty Buu chinh Vidn thong Viet Nam - Luan van thac sy PGS, TS Le The Gidi, (2004), Cac gidi phap thu hut dau tu true tiep nucrc ngoai tai Viet nam, Tap chi Kinh te va phat trien, so 87, thang 9/2004 PGS TS Nguydn thi Thu Thao - Dau tu trite tiep vao Viet Nam - Nhitng vdn de can quan tam - Tap chi Ngan hang sd nam 2004 ThS Nguyen Van Hao, Ngan hang Tokyo - Mitsubishi UF.J (2006), ' < A / Cai thien mdi trudng dau tu Viet nam hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, Tap chi Kinh te Chau A - Thai Binh Duong, so 12, thang 3/2006 ThS Nguyen Thi Ai Lien (2006), Danh gid ve tinh hinh thu hut vdn dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vao Viet nam, Tap chi Kinh te va phat trien, so 106, thang 4/2006 TS Phan Minh Ngoc (Dai hoc Kyushu, Nhat Ban) - Vien thong thdi hau WTO - VNECONOMY 15/07/2006 TS Phan Minh Ngoc (Dai hoc Kyushu, Nhat Ban) - Thi trudng thidt bi vien thong hau WTO: Cai nhin tu Trung Quoc - VNECONOMY 08/09/2006 10.Tong cong ty BC - VT Viet Nam - Bao cao Tong ket cac nam tit 2001 den 2005 77.Tong cong ty BC - VT Viet Nam - Bao cao danh gid tinh hinh hoat dong cua cac dilan BCC cua Tong cong ty 72 Tong cong ty BC - VT Viet Nam - Bao cao danh gid tinh hinh hoat dong cua cac lien doanh cua Tong cong ty 73 Tong cong ty BC - VT Viet Nam - Bao cao danh gid tinh hinh phat trien cong nghe cong nghiep cua Tong cong ty giai doan 1996 - 2005 \A.Cdc van ban lien quan den to chile vd hoat dong cua Tong edng ty Bitu chinh Vidn thdng Viet Nam - Nha xuat ban Biru dien, Tong cong ty BC VT Viet Nam-8/1997 75.Tong cong ty BC - VT Viet Nam - Chien htpc phat trien cua Tong cong ty giai doan 2000 - 2010 16 Luat Dau tir nude ngoai tai Viet Nam, nam 1988, 1990, 1992, 1996, 2000 va cac van ban hudng dan thi hanh 17 Luat Dau tu 2005 va cac nghi dinh hudng din thi hanh 18 Chinh phu (1995) - Dieu le to chile vd hoat dong cua Tong Cong ty Bilu chinh Vien thdng Viet Nam dupe phe duyet chuan tai Nghi dinh so 51/1995/ND-CP 1/8/1995 19 Chmh phu (2005) - Quyet dinh so 58/2005/QD-TTg ve viec phe duyet De an thi diem hinh tap doan Biiu chinh Vien thdng Viet Nam 20 Cac website cua Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu; Tap chi thdi bao kinh te Viet Nam www.economy.com.vn; Bao Dau tu www.vir.com.vn