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2016 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN PHAM HUONG THAO DAI HOC KTQD TRUNG TAM THONG TIN THUVIEN TANG (TONG THU HUT DAU TUTRUC TIEP Nl()( NGOAI (FDI) VAO CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM • • Chuyen nganh: QUAN TRI KINH DOANH QUOC TE LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANH Ngudi huong dan khoa hoc: PGS TS NGUYEN THI HUONG DAI HOC KXQD TRUNG SI5 THONG TIN THUVIEN Ha Noi, 2006 MUC LUC • • MO DAU CHlTONG I NHLfNG VAN DE CHUNG VE THU HUT DAU TU TRI G TIEP NU’O’C NGOAI (FDI) VA SU CAN THIET PHAI THU HUT FDI VAO CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP (KCN) VIETNAM 1.1 Dau tu’ true tiep nude ngoai 1.1.1 Khai niem 1.1.2 Dae diem cua FDI 1.1.3 Vai tro cua FDI doi vdi nude tiep nhan dau tir (nu’dc so tai) 1.2 Van de thu hut dau tu’ true tiep nude ngoai vao cac khu cong nghiep Viet nam 10 1.2.1 Khu cong nghiep 10 1.2.2 Khai niem thu hut FDI vao KCN 14 1.2.3 Nhu’ng noi dung co ban cua hoat dong thu hut FDI vao cac KCN VN 22 1.2.4 Phu’ong phap danh gia hoat dong thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam 26 1.3 Sy can thiet phai thu hut dau tu* true tiep nude ngoai vao cac Khu cong nghiep Viet nam 29 CHUONG II THUC TRANG THU HUT FDI VAO CAC KCN VIET NAM 34 2.1 Gioi thieu chung ve cac Khu cong nghiep o’ Viet nam 34 2.2 Thue trang thu hut FDI vao cac KCN o’ Viet nam 36 2.2.1 Noi dung hoat dong thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet Nam 36 2.2.2 Tinh hinh thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam 49 2.3 Phuong phap danh gia hoat dong thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam 73 2.3.1 Ty le lap day KCN 73 2.3.2 So lupng du’ an va von dau tu 75 2.3.3 Von binh quan dir an 76 2.4 Danh gia tinh hinh thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam 77 2.4.1 Nhu'ng iru diem thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam 77 2.4.2 Mot so ton tai thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam 79 2.4.3 Nguyen nhan cua nhu’ng ton tai thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam 80 CHUONG III MOT SO GIAI PHAP TANG CUONG THU HUT DAU TU TRUC TIEP NU’O’C NGOAI VAO CAC KCN GOP PHAN PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI VIET NAM 86 3.1 Du’ bao nhu cau dau tir true tiep nuoc ngoai vao cac KCN Viet nam nam (giai doan 2006-2010) 86 3.2 Quan diem va dinh huong thu hut FDI vao phat trien cac KCN cua Viet nam 86 3.2.1 Quan diem thu hut FDI vao phat trien cac KCN 86 3.2.2 Dinh hu’dng thu hut FDI vao cac KCN 88 3.3 Kinh nghiem thu hut FDI vao cac KCN cua mot so nuoc tren the gidi va bai hoc kinh nghiem doi vdi Viet nam 90 3.3.1 Dai Loan 90 3.3.2 Thai Lan 92 3.3.3 Trung Quoc 93 3.3.4 Bai hoc kinh nghiem doi vdi Viet nam viec thu hut FDI vao cac KCN 94 3.4 Mot so giai phap thu hut FDI vao cac KCN 95 3.4.1 Giai phap ve phia Chinh phu, cac Bo, nganh Trung uong 95 3.4.2 Giai phap doi vdi dia phu’ong cd KCN 108 KET LU AN 114 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 115 DANH MUC BANG DANH MUC HINH DANH MUC BANG Bang 2-1 Co1 cau dau tu nude ngoai theo nganh kinh te 51 Bang 2-2 Danh sach 10 nude dau tu hang dau vao Viet Nam 53 Bang 2-3 Danh sach 12 dia phuong thu hut FDI hang dau Viet Nam 54 Bang 2-4 Cac du' an FDI cac KCN Viet nam dirge capphep (giai doan 1998-2005) 58 Bang 2-5 Co cau dau tu nude ngoai theo nganh kinh te cac KCN Viet nam giai doan 1998-2005 61 Bang 2-6 Co cau dau tu nude ngoai theo nganh kinh te cua ca nude giai doan 1998-2005 62 Bang 2-7 Danh sach 15 nude dau tu hang dau vao cac KCN VN (giai doan 1998-2005) 65 Bang 2-8 Danh sach 15 dia phuong thu hut FDI hang dau cac KCN Viet Nam (giai doan 1998-2005) 68 Bang 2-9 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao cac KCN Viet nam theo hinh thuc ddu tu 1998-2005 71 Bang 2-10 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai ca nude theo hinh thuc dau tu 1998-2005 71 Bang 2-11 Phan loai KCN theo ty le lap day 73 DANH MUC HINH Hinh 2-1 Quy mo von binh quan cua cac du an FDI cua ca nudc va cac KCN Viet nam (giai doan 1998-2005) 58 Hinh 2-2 So sanh tong VDT FDI vao KCN va tong VDT FDI cua ca nudc theo tung nam (Giai doan 1998-2005) 60 Hinh 2-3 So sanh co cau dau tu nude ngoai theo nganh kinh te cua KCN va ca nudc giai doan 1998-2005 64 Hinh 2-4 Ty le lap day KCN tai mot so dia phuong 74 TRUONG BAI HOC KINH TE QuOc DAN PHRM HUONG THRO TANG CUdNG THU HUT HAU TU TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI (FDI) VAO CAC KHU CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM Chuyen nganh: QUAN TRI KINH DOANH QUOC TE LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANH TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • ■ Ha Noi, 2006 If 1 Tinh cap thiet cua de tai Ngay nay, xu the quoc te hoa, toan cau hoa nen kinh te the giai, thu hut dau tu- true tiep nudc ngoai la mot tat yeu khach quan Von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai la mot nhung nguon von quan cho dau tu phat trien, co tac dung thuc day chuyen dich co cau kinh te theo hudng CNH, HDH, tao dieu kien khai thac loi the so sanh, md nhieu nganh nghe, san pham moi, nang cao nang lire quan ly va trinh cong nghe, tao them nhieu viec lam va chu dong tham gia hoi nhap kinh te qudc te Nhu cau ve von FDI cua the giai hien rat ldn, nguon von cung cap chi co han; Do da dien nhung cuoc canh tranh rat quyet liet giua cac nudc nham thu hut nguon von FDI ve quoc gia minh Viet nam xay dung nen kinh te tu mot xuat phat diem qua thap nen thieu von tram va vi vay nhu cau von FDI doi vdi Viet nam lai cang trd len cap thiet Thuc hien dudng loi doi moi kinh te da dupe Dang va Nha nuoc ta khdi xudng tu Dai hoi Dang VI, tiep tuc khang dinh tai Dai hoi Dang IX "Day manh CNH, HDH xay dung nen kinh te doc lap tu chu, dua nuoc ta trd mot nudc cong nghiep ".1 Viec lira chon dudng CNH, HDH de phat trien lire lupng san xuat vira tuan tu, vira di tat, don dau va bang nhieu phuong thuc khac la rat can thiet; Trong lira chon giai phap phat trien cac Khu cong nghiep (KCN) dupe coi la phuong thuc huu hieu nhat, phu hop nhat vdi dac diem kinh te - xa hoi hien d nudc ta Nhu vay, doi vdi nudc ta thu hut von FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam la mot yeu cau buc thiet, vi mo hinh KCN chinh la noi tap hop nhung dieu kien thuan loi nhat cho cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai, lam tang tinh hap dan va kha nang canh tranh cho moi trudng dau tu Viet nam [5].Tr.24 11 Tuy nhien, sau hern 15 nam phat trien, ben canh nhung mat manh, mat tich cue la co ban, thi hoat dong thu hut von FDI vao cac khu cong nghiep d Viet nam da boc lo mot so khiem khuyet Vai nam gan day, viec thu hut dau tu vao cac KCN co chieu hudng tang chain, chua tu’ong xung vdi nang lire va yeu X X cau phat trien cac KCN theo chu truomg va dinh hudng cua Dang Yeu cau can thiet la phai danh gia that khach quan va cong bang ca ve ly luan va thuc tien tinh hinh thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao cac khu cong nghiep Viet nam thdi gian qua Chinh vi vay, em da lua chon de tai:"Tang cuong thu hut dau tu' true tiep nuo'c ngoai vao cac khu cong nghiep Viet nam" lam de tai luan van cao hoc cua minh Muc dich va nhiem vu nghien cuu tang cuong thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao cac Khu cong nghiep Viet nam X Nhiem vu cua de tai Id: Thu- nhat, he thong cac van de ly luan ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoai (FDI), khu cong nghiep (KCN), va cac van de ve thu hut FDI vao cac KCN, dong thdi khang dinh duoc sir can thiet thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam Thu- hai, phan tich va danh gia thirc trang va ket qua thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam buc tranh chung ve thu hut FDI cua ca nude Qua do, tim nhung nguyen nhan khach quan va chu quan dan den nhung ton tai thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam Thu- ba, xay dung cac quan diem, dinh hudng thu hut FDI vao cac KCN thdi gian tdi Dong thdi, rut nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem ve thu hut FDI vao cac KCN va de xuat nhung giai phap de thuc hien tot nhung dinh hudng 105 khu vuc noi chung va tung nudc vien noi rieng; tri, md rong quan he hop tac xuc tien dau tu vdi cac to chuc qudc te nhu WB, IFC, F1AS, ESCAP theo chuong trinh da thoa thuan Bdn la, nang cao chat luong thong tin, an pham, tuyen truyen dau tu Hien nay, mac du Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu da cd an pham tap chi Thong tin KCN Viet nam hang thang, cung cap kha cap nhat hoat dong cua cac KCN ca nudc, nhien van chua cd trang Web nao d cap Trung uong cung cap thong tin ve cac KCN Viet nam; Vi vay can khan truong xay dung trang Web cua tap chi KCN Viet nam tao dieu kien cung cap thong tin kip thdi, chinh xac, tiet kiem thdi gian tdi cho cac can bo cong tac tai cac ban quan ly KCN va cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai, dong thdi ket noi mang trang Web cua tap chi KCN Viet nam vdi cac Ban quan ly KCN cap tinh, cung nhu trang Web cua cac cong ty phat trien tang KCN cua ca nudc; hinh mot he thong mang thong tin chung ve KCN cua Viet nam Nam la, bd tri ngan sach phuc vu cho hoat dong van dong xuc tien dau tu Nha nudc can danh kinh phi thoa dang tu ngan sach Nha nudc cho cong tac nay, khong nen chi vao su nd luc cua doanh nghiep xay dung co sd tang KCN hoac ben nudc ngoai cac lien doanh xay dung tang KCN Sau la, nang cao hon nua nang luc va trinh cho doi ngu can bo lam cong tac xuc tien dau tu nudc ngoai vao cac KCN ca ve trinh chuyen mon, ky nang nghiep vu va trinh ngoai ngu 3.4.1.5 Hoan thien bo may quan ly Nha nudc ddi voi cac du' an FDI vao cac KCN Mot nhung giai phap quan hang dau nham tang cudng thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam la cong tac hoan thien bo may quan ly Nha nudc 106 Giai phap di vao noi dung chinh sau: • Ddi moi he thong td chuc bo may quan ly Nha nudc cac KCN Hien nay, khau quan ly Nha nudc ve KCN cdn cham dupe kien toan, mac chua hoan chinh, day van xuat hien nhung truang hap cdng chuc, can bo thoai hoa, bien chat, nhung nhieu, thieu trach nhiem vai cdng viec duoc giao gay bat binh nhan dan va lam nan long cac nha dau tu nuoc ngoai; Ben canh trach nhiem, nang luc thuc te, phuang phap cdng tac cua doi ngu cong chuc, quan he phoi hop cdng vu chua tuong xung vai yeu cau nhiem vu Do do, viec ddi mdi he thong td chirc bo may quan ly Nha nude cac KCN la rat can thiet va phai dap ung dupe nhung yeu cau chu yeu sau: - Can dupe thuc hien theo hudng tiep tuc cung cd he thong cac Ban quan ly KCN cap tinh va thuc hien mot dau mdi quan ly KCN d cap trung uong Trong dieu kien hoan canh cu the nudc ta, nen ap dung md hinh quan ly KCN dua tren cu sd uy quyen, phan cap manh cho cac dan vi ca sd, dia phuang viec thuc hien chuc nang nhiem vu quan ly Nha nudc ddi vdi KCN Gan chat han nua su chi dao cua chinh quyen dia phuong vdi BQL r r ' KCN cap tinh, nhat la giai doan dau mdi lap - Dao tao va dao tao lai dpi ngu can bo, cdng chuc lam viec BQL KCN cd du trinh do, nang luc va pham chat dao due de quan ly va dieu hanh cac cdng viec KCN tot nhat • Hoan thien ca che quan ly Nha nudc cac KCN Viec hoan thien co che quan ly Nha nudc cac KCN can thuc hien theo hudng sau: - Tiep tuc tang cudng va hoan thien co che quan ly “mot cua, tai cho” 107 quan ly KCN cho phu hpp vdi yeu cau thuc te: Thu nhat, can nhanh chong sira ddi Nghi dinh 36/CP cho phu hpp vdi tinh dac thu cua BQL KCN theo md hinh “mot cua, tai cho” tai chuong - To chuc quan ly KCN cua Quy che Thu hai, ban hanh co che tu dam bao tai chinh cho cac KCN theo hudng khoan kinh phi tai cho, tu chiu trach nhiem, vua khuyen khich su nang dong sang tao cua cac BQL cac KCN ve viec md rong xuc tien dau tu de thu hut von FDI, vua tao them nguon thu hpp ly, khuyen khich trach nhiem giua BQL va nha dau tu (kinh nghiem cua BQL KCN TP Ho Chi Minh can nhan rong) thay vi cac khoan thu dupc nop vao ngan sach Nha nudc va cac khoan chi Nha nudc dai tho nhu hien Co che se giup BQL KCN se tir chu hon cac hoat dong quan ly - Hoan thien co che phan cap uy quyen cho UBND cap tinh va cac BQL KCN cap tinh theo hudng phan cap manh cho UBND tinh va uy quyen nhieu hon nua cho cac BQL KCN cap tinh hoat dong quan ly KCN Nha nudc khong can thiep true tiep vao viec dau tu phat trien KCN tai cac vung kinh te diem, nhung vung thuan loi thu hut dau tu Von ngan sach ho tro chi dupc sir dung cho phat trien tang cua KCN dieu kien ddi vdi nhung KCN co y nghia quyet dinh den phat trien kinh te - xa hoi ca nudc va cua nhung vung co dieu kien kinh te xa hoi kho khan de tao da phat trien, thuc hien nhieu uu dai dau tu nham tang cuong kha nang thu hut FDI vao nhung vung nay, rut ngan khoang each ve phat trien kinh te - xa hoi vdi cac dia phuong khac ca nudc - Co che uy quyen can dupe thuc hien theo hudng cu the hoa, minh bach hoa de vira tao thuan loi cho cac BQL qua trinh thuc hien, vua dam bao dupc tinh thong nhat quan ly khung kho phap luat, chinh sach chung cua ca nudc - Tao co che phoi hpp an y giua cac BQL KCN cap tinh vdi cac co quan chuc nang hoat dong quan ly KCN 108 - Giai quyet co che cho thue lai dat KCN cho vua dam bao quyen loi cho cong ty phat trien tang vua tao dieu kien thuan loi cho cac doanh nghiep FDI cac KCN hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh r r r \ 3.4.1.6 Tiep tuc hoan thien cong tac quan ly cap Giay phep dau tu' KCN theo huong “mot cua, tai cho ” Tiep tuc hoan thien co che “mot cua, tai cho” thu tuc hanh chinh xet duyet tham tra, tham dinh du an dau tu Tiep tuc cai each va nang cao chat luong cua bo may quan ly lam nhiem vu cap Giay phep dau tu va phai duoc thuc hien thuong xuyen, xoa bd hoan toan co che “xin-cho”; kien quyet bai bd tinh trang cap Giay phep dau tu vuot tham quyen, chua phu hop vdi quy dinh cua phap luat tai mot sd dia phuong; ky luat nghiem khac nhung can bo, cong chuc Nha nudc cd hien tuong nhung nhieu doanh nghiep, can tro viec cap Giay phep dau tu dung thdi han cho doanh nghiep Ben canh can thuong xuyen co ke hoach soat cac du an FDI da duoc cap phep KCN de kip thdi cd bien phap hd tro doanh nghiep thao go kho khan, vudng mac qua trinh trien khai; xac dinh nhung kho khan la tu phia ban than doanh nghiep hay la tu phia cac co quan chuc nang de cd bien phap xu ly kip thdi Cong tac quan ly Nha nudc sau cap phep KCN cung dong vai trd rat quan trong, quyet dinh mot phan uy tin cua KCN, la mot bien phap thu hut nguon von FDI co sue thuyet phuc cao ddi vdi cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai 3.4.2 Giai phap doi vdi dia phuong co KCN 3.4.2.1 Xay dung chien luoc thu hut FDI vao cac KCN o’dia phuong Hien nay, cac dia phuong hau nhu chua xay dung duoc chien luge thu hut FDI vao cac KCN, ke ca nhung dia phuong kha cong hoat dong thu hut FDI vao cac KCN nhu Dong Nai, Binh Duong Tren co sd chien luge thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Bo, nganh Trung uong xay dung, ket hgp vdi 109 kha nang thuc te cua moi KCN, cac KCN co the xay dung chien luoc thu hut theo cach thuc nhu sau: Can tien hanh phan tich ma tran SWOT doi vdi moi KCN (diem manh, diem yeu, co hoi, thach thuc) boi canh chung cua dat nudc va quy hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua tinh de khai thac tot nhat nhung diem manh, co hoi cua KCN, dong thdi can co hudng giai quyet diem yeu va thach thuc Sau tien hanh phan tich ma tran SWOT, cac nha quan ly can thuc hien mot budc tiep theo: phan tich doi thu canh tranh Trudc het, la so sanh vdi cac nudc co kha nang canh tranh ve thu hut FDI khu vuc va cac KCN lan can, tim duoc nhung the manh rieng co cua KCN minh, tu mdi dua duoc muc tieu, chien luoc thu hut FDI vao KCN dung dan nhat Dong thdi, thong qua nhung phan tich co the xac dinh duoc muc tieu thu hut FDI vao cac KCN mot cach cu the qua tung giai doan r r , 3.4.2.2 Tiep tuc cat each thu tuc hanh chinh theo etc che "mot cihi, tai chh ” ve tham dinh va cap giay phep dau tu: Tiep tuc thuc hien co che phan cap, uy quyen cho cac UBND va Ban quan ly cac KCN d dia phuong, tao dieu kien cho nhung co quan thuc hien triet de co che “mot cua, tai cho” tham dinh va cap giay phep dau tu vdi vdi cac du an FDI, giup giai r ' x r quyet cong viec cho cac nha dau tu mot cach nhanh chong, thuan loi nhat Thuc hien phan dinh ro trach nhiem cua cac co quan, don vi co lien quan quan ly KCN; moi quan he phoi hop giua Ban quan ly KCN cap tinh vdi cac Sd , ban, nganh dia phuong vdi cong ty phat trien tang va doanh nghiep theo hudng vua dam bao co che mot dau moi quan ly tai Ban quan ly, vua dam bao su phoi hop chat che quan ly KCN Ban quan ly cac KCN can thudng xuyen soat cac du an co von FDI 110 da dirge cap phep KCN de co bien phap ho tro doanh nghiep kip thdi thao go nhung kho khan, vu'dng mac qua trinh trien khai; xac dinh xem nhung kho khan la tir phia ban than doanh nghiep hay la tir phia cac co quan chuc nang de co bien phap xu ly phu hop r r •? \ 3.4.2.3 Tiep tuc day manh hoat dong van dong, xuc tien dau tw cua cac KCN r y y Hien nay, hoat dong van dong, xuc tien dau tu ciia cac KCN gan nhu dien mot each tu phat, chu yeu la don vi dau tu xay dung tang KCN dung thirc hien de cho thue dat Tuy nhien, cong viec dien theo kieu “manh lam”, khong co ke hoach va ngan sach dau tu Chinh vi vay, hoat dong xuc tien dau tu cung khong lai nhieu tac dong tich cue ddi vdi hoat y ? dong thu hut FDI ciia cac KCN Trong thdi gian toi, can ddi mdi tu ciia cac KCN: Ben canh viec phoi hop tich circ vdi cac Bo, co quan Trung uong cong tac van dong, xuc tien dau tu cac KCN thi Ban quan ly KCN ddng mot vai tro quan doi vdi su cong cua hoat dong Mdi KCN can phai phoi hop chat che vdi chinh quyen dia phuong thuc hien thong nhat, chu dong cong tac van dong xuc tien dau tu vao KCN Mdi KCN nen lap mot bo phan chuyen mon co trinh nghiep vu cao lam cong tac van dong xuc tien dau tu Bo phan cd trach nhiem nghien cuu noi r / y /■ y dung va each thuc tien hanh van dong xuc tien dau tu; Chu xuc tien dau tu theo lTnh vuc, dia ban va doi tac cu the, chu thu hut FDI cua cac tap doan xuyen quoc gia; Cung cap mien phi, nhanh chong, kip thdi thong tin can thiet cho cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai den tim hieu co hoi dau tu; Xay trang Web gidi thieu ve muc tieu, dinh hudng phat trien cua KCN, cung cap thong tin chinh xac ve tinh hinh hoat dong va cac thong tin ve cac doanh nghiep dang san xuat kinh doanh KCN giup cac chu dau tu cd du thong tin can thiet de quyet dinh dau tu Ill 3.4.2.4 Phat trien va dao tao nguon nhan luc cd chat luong, co tay nghe cao cho cac KCN De dap ung nguon nhan lire cho nhu cau cua cac KCN (hien dang rat thieu r \ r \ r ve so va yeu ve chat luong) hien thi khong chi cho vao chinh sach cua Nha nu’dc ma trudc het dia phuong co KCN phai chu dong cung ung cho cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai Giai phap cu the nhu sau: - Ngay tu giai doan dau lap du an xay dung KCN can co sir phoi hop giua cac ban, nganh lien quan vdi cac chu dau tu tang de nam dupe muc tieu, co cau nganh nghe KCN, tir dua dir bao nhu cau lao dong cua cac doanh nghiep KCN de dia phuong chu dong hoac phoi hpp vdi cac doanh nghiep to chuc cac khoa dao tao lao dong Hinh Quy dao tao nghe chung cho cong tac dao tao lao dong cho cac doanh nghiep KCN tir ngan sach cua dia phuong nham giam bdt chi phi dao tao cho doanh nghiep - Thanh lap cac co sd dao tao nghe tai nhung noi du kien phat trien KCN de true tiep dao tao nghe cho nhung lao dong nong nghiep va em nhung ngudi dan co dat dupc chuyen ddi sang lam KCN, kinh phi se dupc trich til' mot phan nguon den bii cua chu dau tu tang KCN Co chinh sach khuyen khich, ho tro cho nhung doanh nghiep su dung lao dong dia phuong va dao tao tay nghe ky thuat cho nhung lao dong - Khuyen khich cac phan kinh te lap cac co sd cung ung lao dong, dam nhan nhiem vu tuyen dung lao dong tai cho va d cac dia phuong cd nguon lao dong ddi dao, dao tao va huan luyen de cung cap cho cac doanh nghiep KCN 112 3.4.2.5 Tang cuong phat trien cac nganh cdng nghiep “phu tra”, cung cap hang hoa, dich vu phuc vu KCN Sir hinh cua khu cong nghiep tai dia ph iron g chac chan se dan den sir hinh cac nhu cau khac phuc vu cho cac doanh nghiep khu cong nghiep va cho lire lupng lao dong lam viec khu cong nghiep Dieu ddi hoi dia phuvng phai co sir chuan bi de san sang dap ting nhung nhu cau thiet thuc nay, mot mat lam tang sir hap dan cua KCN ddi voi cac nha dau tu nuoc ngoai, mat khac tan dung nhu cau de da dang hoa cac loai hinh san xuat hang hoa va cung ting dich vu, tang thu nhap cho nguoi dan dia phuong Phat trien cac loai hinh san xuat san pham va dich vu, cac nganh cdng nghiep “phu tro” cung cap cho khu cdng nghiep phai dupe tinh den tu phe duyet cap phep cho khu cdng nghiep Di ddi vdi lap khu cdng nghiep, chinh quyen dia phuong cung can xay dung nhung co so tang can thiet cho viec phat trien cac hoat dong ve tinh cho khu cdng nghiep; dong thdi khuyen khich va ho tro tich cue cho sir doi cua cac co sd san xuat linh kien, dich vu bao hanh, bao dudng va ca cac hoat dong phu tro chung nhu co so nghien ciru, trien khai cdng tac thi trudng, phat trien cdng nghe, cdng tac tu van, ke hoach hoa va ca sir quan ly vi md cua Nha nudc Noi tom lai, la ca mot “he thong cac loi the” ma thieu nd viec thu hut FDI vao cac KCN hien va thdi gian tdi se gap rat nhieu kho khan Chinh quyen dia phuong se phai dinh hudng va tao dieu kien cho cac ho dan xung quanh khu cdng nghiep tham gia phat trien cac loai hinh san xuat kinh doanh hang hoa va dich vu chuyen nghiep phuc vu chu yeu nhu cau cua luc lupng lao dong lam viec khu cdng nghiep Qua trinh cd the bat dau tti viec dia phuong xay dung cac md hinh kieu mau ho gia dinh, co sd san xuat san xuat hang hoa, nhan rong dien hinh lam tang tinh da dang cung cap dich vu, tien toi tang qui md va tang dan tinh chuyen mon hoa, tung biroc 113 dam bao cung cap dau vao cho cac doanh nghiep khu cong nghiep Ben canh can tang cuong su lien ket chat che giua cac doanh nghiep o KCN va cac doanh nghiep “ve tinh” thuc hien gia cong o ben ngoai KCN Tom lai, tu nhung ly luan chung ve thu hut FDI vao cac KCN da duoc khai quat tu chuong I va nhung phan tich ve thuc trang hoat dong thu hut FD1 vao cac KCN Viet nam thdi gian qua (giai doan 1998-2005) chuong II Di vao Chuang III, sau dua du bao ve nhu cau thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam nam tdi va mot sd nhung quan diem va dinh hudng thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam cua Nha nudc, kinh nghiem thu hut FDI cua mot so nudc khu vuc, tac gia xin manh dan dua giai phap co ban nham tang cudng thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam thdi gian tdi Do la hai nhom giai phap Nhom giai phap ve phia Chinh phu, cac Bo, nganh Trung uong bao gom cac giai phap: Xay dung chien luoc thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam, Hoan thien moi trudng dau tu cac KCN, Xac dinh nhung linh vuc/san pham can thu hut FDI vao cac KCN va xac dinh cac ddi tac dau tu chien luoc cho cac linh vuc, san pham do, Day manh hoat dong xuc tien, thu hut FDI, Hoan thien bo may QLNN ddi vdi cac du an FDI vao KCN, Tiep tuc hoan thien cong tac quan ly cap GPDT cac KCN theo hudng “mot cua, tai chd”; Va nhom giai phap ddi vdi dia phuong co KCN: Xay dung chien luoc thu hut FDI vao cac KCN dia phuong, Tiep tuc cai cach thu tuc hanh chinh theo co che “mot cua, tai cho”, Tiep tuc day manh hoat dong van dong xuc tien dau tu cua cac KCN, Phat trien va dao tao nguon nhan luc co chat luong, co tay nghe cao cac KCN, Tang cudng phat trien cac nganh cong nghiep “phu tro”, cung cap hang hoa, dich vu phuc vu KCN 114 KET LUAN r a r Nham thuc hien dudng loi ddi mcri kinh te theo hudng CNH, HDH da duac Dang vd Nha nudc ta khdi xuong tu Dai hoi Dang lan VI vd tiep tuc khang dinh cac ky Dai hoi sau dieu kien nen kinh te dang d r r r xuat phat thap, viec lua chon gidi phap thu hut nguon von dau tu true tiep r nudc ngoai vao cac KCN cua Viet nam la mot chu truang dung dan cua Dang aza r r r vd Nha nudc ta vd co y nghia rat quan ddi vdi su phat trien kinh te - xa hoi noi chung vd tung dia phuong cd nudc Tir cho den nay, Dang vd Nha nudc ta luon nhat quan chit truong "phat trien tung budc vd nang cao hieu qua cac khu cong nghiep" Tuy nhien ben canh nhung cong da dat duoc, van cdn ton tai nhieu van de ve mat ly luan ciing nhu thuc tien xung quanh van de thu hut FDI vao KCN cdn duoc nghien cun tie hinh vd phat trien den mot each tong the, toan dien Vdi mong muon tim hieu nhung ton tai nham > r \ r de duoc mot sd gidi phap tang cudng thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vao cac KCN tai Viet nam, Luan van da hoan nhirng nhiem vu sau day: Mot Id, Tong ket mot sd van de ly luan co ban ve thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vao KCN Hai la, Phan tich thuc trang thu hut FDI vao cac KCN Viet nam thdi gian qua Qua danh gid duoc thuc trang thu hut FDI cd ve uu diem, nhung ton tai can khac phuc; nguyen nhan khach quan, chu quan de khac phuc nhung ton tai Ba la, De xuat mot sd gidi phap co ban phii hop vdi tinh hinh thuc te nham tang cudng thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vao cac KCN, gop phan phat trien kinh te - xa hoi d Viet nam A Tuy nhien khuon kho luan van thac sy vd thdi gian cd han, de tai chi di vao phan tich nhung van de noi com tinh hinh thu hut FDI vao cac KCN vd de xuat mot sd giai phap co ban hoan thien co che, chinh sach quan ly Nha nudc, thuc hien thu hut FDI vao KCN mot each hieu qua 115 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Huang (2001), "Giao trinh Kinh doanh qudc te", tap I, NXB Thdng ke, Ha noi PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Huong (2004), "Giao trinh Quan tri du an va doanh nghiep co vdn dau tu nudc ngoai", tap II, NXB Thong ke, Ha noi Quoc hoi nuoc CHXHCN Viet nam, Luat dau tu, so 59/2005/QH11 29/11/2005 Chinh phu, Nghi dinh 36/CP 24 thang nam 1997 ve ban hanh Quy r r r che Khu cdng nghiep, Khu che xuat, Khu cdng nghe cao Dang cong san Viet nam (2001), "Vdn kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan qudc lan thu IX", NXB Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha noi Tran Xuan Tung (2005), “Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai d Viet nam, thuc trang va giaiphap”, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha noi TS Nguyen Trong Xuan (2002)-Vien kinh te hoc, “Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vdi cdng cuoc cdng nghiep hod, hien dai hoa d Viet nam ”, NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha noi Du an xuc tien dau tu cua Hoa Ky vao Viet nam - Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu z \ < o (2005), “Ky thuat xuc tien dau /zr”,NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha noi Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu (2003), "Tdi lieu tong ket tinh hinh hoat dong cac KCN,KCX nam 2002 va phuang hudng phat trien thdi gian tdi", Vung Tau 10 Thoi bao kinh te Sai Gon (2002) "Ky yeu KCN, KCX Viet nam 2002", NXB TP Ho Chi Minh, TP Ho Chi Minh 116 11 Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu (2004) '"Phat trien KCN, KCX d cac tinh phia Bac Nhung van de ly luan va thuc tien", Ky yeu hoi thao khoa hoc, Thanh Hoa 12 Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu (2004) "Phat trien KCN, KCX d Viet nam r r r r r x e tien trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te", Ky yeu hoi thao khoa hoc, Dong Nai 13 GS.TS Hoang Ngoc Hoa (2005), "KCN,KCX doi vo’i su phat trien ben vung d Viet nam - Thuc trang va giai phap", Tap chi Kinh te va Phat trien, Ha noi 14 Hoi dong nhan dan TP Ha noi (2002), "Bao cao tinh hinh phat trien cac KCN tren dia ban Ha noi", Ha noi 15 Doan Duy Khuong (2002), “Mot so giaiphap day manhphat trien KCN, KCX”, Luan an Tien sy kinh te 16 Tran Hong Ky (2001), “Gidi phap hoan thien chinh sach phat trien KCN, KCX d Viet nam ”, Luan van Thac sy kinh te 17 GS.TS Nguyen Thanh Do (2003), " Phat trien khu vuc kinh te co von dau tu nudc ngoai, KCN, KCX d Viet nam", Tap chi Kinh te va Phat trien, Ha noi 18 PGS.TS Le The Gidi (2004), " Cac gidi phap thu hut dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai tai Viet nam", Tap chi Kinh te va Phat trien, Ha noi 19 PGS.TS Ngo Hudng (2004), " Cac KCN, KCX qua trinh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc", Tap chi Cong san, Ha noi 20 Trung Duc (2004), " Chua hinh cac KCN mui nhon", Internet 21 PGS.TS Phuong Ngoc Thach (2003), " Thu hut dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai d Viet nam: ton tai va kien nghi", Tap chi Phat trien kinh te, Ha noi 117 22 TS Vu Anh Tuan (2004), " Phat trien KCN, KCX nhung van de dat ra”, Tap chi Phat trien kinh te, Ha noi 23 Vneconomy cap nhat (2005), "Phat trien KCN tai Viet nam: cuoc lot xac mdi”, Ha noi 24 Vinanet cap nhat (2005), "Trien vong dau tu vao cac KCN, KCXden nam 2010”, Ha noi r \ r 25 Ngo Van Diem, (2000), "May suy nghi ve chien lucre phat trien khu edng nghiep ”, Tap chi Thong tin KCN thang 9/2000 26 Nguyen Ngoc Phuc (2001), "KCN, KCX qua chang dudng 10 nam phat trien”, Tap chi Thong tin KCN thang 1/2001 27 Minh Hue (2001), “Cdng tac xuc tien dau tu tinh hinh mdi”, Tap chi Thong tin KCN 2/2001 28 Thanh Giang (2002), "Md hinh nao cho ca quan quan ly KCN dia phuang? ”, Tap chi Thong tin KCN 1/2002 29 Le Cong Quynh (2002), "To chuc quan ly KCN d Dai Loan, Thdi Lan vd Inddnexia”, Tap chi Thong tin KCN 4/2002 30 Minh Hue "Cac KCN, KCX Viet nam - mot nam nhin lai”, Tap chi Thong tin KCN 1/2003 31 Tham khao nuoc ngoai, "Phat trien KCN d Ddi Loan ”, Tap chi Thong tin KCN 3/2004 32 Tran Ngoc Hung, “Thuc trang va mot so dinh huong phat trien cac KCN o Viet nam”, Tap chi Thong tin KCN 8,9/2004 33 Le Timg Son, "Xu hudng da dang hod cac loai hinh phat trien KCN thdi ky 2005-2010”,Tap chi Thong tin KCN 1/2005 118 r 34 Le Van Hoc, “Dinh hudngphat trien cac KCN Viet nam den nam 2010”, Tap chi Thong tin KCN 5/2005 35 Minh Ngoc, “Tang cudng thu hut cac du an cdng nghiep ky thuat cao day manh su nghiep CNH, HDH dat nudc ”, Tap chi thong tin KCN 8/2005 36 Vu Quoc Huy, “Nhung chuyen bien uu dai dau tu vao KCN, KCXd Viet nam ”, Tap chi Thong tin KCN 10/2005 37 Le Van Hoc, “Vai trd cua KCN su nghiep CNH, HDH”, Tap chi Thong tin KCN 12/2005 38 Vu Qudc Huy, “Mot sd tieu chi danh gid KCN d Viet nam”,Toy) chi Thong tin KCN 1/2006 39 Tran Ngoc Hung, “Ddi mdi va tang cuong cdng tdc xuc tien dau tu vao cac KCN”, Tap chi Thong tin KCN 2/2006 40 Dang cong san Viet nam (1996), "Vdn kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan qudc ldn thu VIII”, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha noi 41 Bo Ke hoach va Dau tir (2006), 15 nam (1991-2006) xay dung va phat trien cac KCN, KCXd Vietnam, ky yeu hoi thao khoa hoc, Long An 42 Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu- (2006), Bao cao tong ket 15 nam xay dung va phat trien KCN, KCX d Viet nam, Long An 43 Vu quan ly KCN, KCX-Bo KH&DT (2004), Toan canh kinh te Viet nam - Khu cdng nghiep va khu che xuat, Ha noi 44 PGS.TS Ngo Thang Loi (2006), Anh hudng cua chinh sach doi vdi phat trien ben vung cac KCN d Viet nam, NXB Chinh tri qudc gia 45 Dang cong san Viet nam (1991), "Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan qudc lan thu VIT\ NXB Sy that, Ha noi 119 1/C Tieng Anh 46 Martinus Nijhoff (1990), Foreign Direct Investment in the 90’s 47 UNCTAD (2000), World Investment Report, New york and Geneve 48 UNCTAD (2001), World Investment Report, New york and Geneve 49 UNCTAD (2002), World Investment Report, New york and Geneve 50 UNCTAD (2003), World Investment Report, New york and Geneve 51 World Bank - IFC - MPI (2004), Vietnam business forum, (6), Ha noi
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