Đầu tư phát triển kinh tế tỉnh hà giang thực trạng và giải pháp

TRtfdNG DAI HOC KINH Tfi' QUOC DAN ’ -///'• r ■.’( ? 'nioNG i hiONG LUANA> r CAN THI* XUAN SINH M DAU TIT PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TINH HA GIANG: THUG TRANG VA GIAI PHAP CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH TE DAU TU LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • W aw NgUo’i hUo’ng dSn khoa hoc: PGS.TS PHAM VAN HUNG HA NOI, NAM 2011 — - — —_ _ IT I.OI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien cuu cua rieng toi Cac ket qua, ket luan neu luan van la trung thuc va chua dirge cong bo bat cu cong trinh khoa hoc nao Cac so lieu, tai lieu tham khao dirge trich dan co nguon goc ro rang Tac gia luan van Can Thi Xuan Sinh MUC • LUC • LCfl CAM DOAN DANH MUC BANG VA HINH VE TOM TAT LUAN VAN LCXI M€> DAU CHUONG 1: LY LUAN CHUNG VE DAU TU PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TREN DIA BAN TiNH 1.1 Khai niem, dac diem va vai tro cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh 1.1.1 Khai niem ve dau tu phat trien tren dia ban tinh 1.1.2 Dac diem cua hoat dong dong dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh 1.1.3 Vai tro cua dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh 1.1.4 Noi dung dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh 12 1.2 Nguon von cho hoat dong dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh 16 1.2.1 Nguon von nha nude .16 1.2.2 Nguon von cua dan cu va tu nhan 18 1.2.3 Nguon von dau tu nude ngoai 18 1.3 Cac chi tieu danh gia ket qua va hieu qua cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh 19 1.3.1 Chi tieu danh gia ket qua cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh 19 1.3.2 Chi tieu danh gia hieu qua cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh 22 1.4 Cac nhan to anh hudng den hoat dong dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh 25 1.4.1 Cac yeu to kinh te vi mo chu yeu anh hudng den hoat dong dau tu phat trien 25 1.4.2 Moi trudng chinh tri, luat phap 27 1.4.3 Moi trudng van hoa, xa hoi 28 1.4.4 Moi trudng tu nhien va nguon tai nguyen thien nhien co the khai thac cho viec thuc hien du an 28 1.5 Kinh nghiem dau tu phat trien kinh te cua cua tinh Lao Cai 29 CHUONG 2: THUC TRANG DAU TV PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TINH HA GIANG GIAI DOAN 2004-2009 35 2.1 Dac diem tyr nhien, kinh te - xa hoi chu yeu anh hudng den hoat dong dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang 35 2.1.1 Dieu kien ve tu nhien 35 2.1.2 Dac diem kinh te - xa hoi 40 2.2 Thue trang dau tu phat trien kinh te tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2004-2009 42 2.2.1 Tinh hinh thuc hien quy mo vdn dau tu phat trien tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang 44 2.2.2 Von dau tu phat trien phan theo nguon von 47 2.2.3 Tinh hinh dau tu phat trien kinh te phan theo noi dung 53 2.3 Danh gia thuc trang dau tu phat trien kinh te tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2004- 2009 67 2.3.1 Nhung ket qua dat duoc 67 2.3.2 Mot so han che va nguyen nhan 83 CHUONG 3: MOT SO GIAI PHAP CHU YEU NHAM TANG CLONG DAU TU PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TiNH HA GIANG GIAI DOAN 2010 - 2015 88 2015 88 3.1.1 Quan diem phat trien kinh te xa hoi 88 3.1.2 Muc tieu phat trien kinh te xa hoi 88 3.1.3 Dinh hudng dau tu 90 3.2 Phan tich SWOT ve dau tu phat trien kinh te tinh Ha Giang 91 3.3 Mot so giai phap chu yeu de tang cudng dau tu phat trien kinh te tinh Ha Giang den nam 2015 93 3.3.1 Tang cudng thu hut cac nguon von dau tu, dam bao tiem luc tai chinh cho dau tu phat trien 93 3.3.2 Tao moi trudng thuan loi cho cac phan kinh te dau tu phat trien 95 3.3.3 Dieu chinh co cau dau tu hop ly, thuc day co cau kinh te chuyen dich theo hudng cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa 97 3.3.4 Nang cao chat luong cong tac quan ly hoat dong dau tu 104 KET LUAN 107 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO DANH MUC BANG VA HINH VE BANG Bang 2.1: Von dau tu thuc hien tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2004-2009 45 Bang 2.2: Von va co cau von dau tu phat trien phan theo nguon huy dong giai doan 2004-2009 47 Bang 2.3: Thuc hien von dau tu phat trien - chi tiet phan theo nguon von giai doan 2004-2009 49 Bang 2.4: Von va co cau nguon von dau tu phat trien co so tang tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2004-2009 54 Bang 2.5 : Von va co cau von dau tu phat trien phan theo nganh kinh te tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2004-2009 57 Bang 2.6: Tong hop von dau tu cho Chuang trinh muc tieu giao due va y te (giai doan 2004-2009) 65 Bang 2.7: Gia tri tai san co dinh huy dong va dau tu dai han moi tang phan theo nganh kinh te tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang (giai doan 2004-2009) 68 Bang 2.8 : Muc tang GDP va GO tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2004-200971 Bang 2.9: Muc tang cua gia tri san xuat va muc tang cua tong san pham quoc noi so vdi toan bo von dau tu phat huy tac dung ky nghien cuu 72 Bang 2.10: Muc tang cua tdng san pham quoc noi so vdi toan bo vdn dau tu phat huy tac dung ky nghien cuu 72 Bang 2.11: He so ICOR tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2004-2009 73 Bang 2.12 Thu nhap quoc dan va Thu nhap quoc dan binh quan cua 74 tinh Ha Giang (giai doan 2004-2009) 74 Bang 2.13: Tong san pham theo gia thuc te phan theo khu vuc kinh te tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang - giai doan (2004-2009) 75 Bang 2.14: Thu ngan sach nha nude tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang (giai doan 2004 - 2009) 77 Bang 2.15: Sd lao dong co viec lam dau tu va so lao dong co viec lam tinh tren mot don vi von dau tu phat huy tac dung ky nghien cuu 80 Bang 3.1: Du bao mot so chi tieu kinh te tinh Ha Giang den nam 2015 91 HINH Hinh 2.1: Quy mo von dau tu phat trien kinh te Ha Giang (2004 2(^(^S?) 455 Hinh 2.2: Co cau von ddu tu phat trien phan theo nguon huy dong giai doan 2004-2009 48 Hinh 2.3: Co cau von dau tu nha nudc cua tinh Ha Giang (2004-2009) 499 Hinh 2.4: Co cau von ngoai quoc doanh tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang (2004-2009) 52 Hinh 2.5 : Co cau von dau tu phat trien phan theo nganh kinh te tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2004-2009 64 Hinh 2.6: Co cau tong san pham theo gia thuc te phan theo khu vuc kinh te tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang - giai doan (2004-2009) 76 i CHtfONG 1: LY LUAN CHUNG VE DAU TU* PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TREN DIA BAN TINH 1.1 Khai niem, dac diem va vai tro cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh 1.1.1 Khai niem ve dau tie phat trien tren dia ban tinh Cung nhu dau tu phat trien kinh te noi chung, dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh la bo phan co ban cua dau tu, la viec chi dung von hien tai de tien hanh cac hoat dong nham lam tang them hoac tao nhung tai san vat chat va tai san tri tue, gia tang nang luc san xuat, tao them viec lam va vi muc tieu phat trien cua tinh 1.1.2 Dac diem cua hoat dong dong dau tie phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh - Quy mo tien von, vat tu, lao dong can thiet thudng rat ldn - Thai ky dau tu keo dai - Thai gian van hanh cac ket qua dau tu keo dai - Dau tu phat trien kinh tren dia ban tinh la hoat dong co rui ro cao 1.1.3 Vai tro cua dau tie phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh r \ r r 1.1.3.1 Dau tu phat trien tac dong den toe tang trudng va phat trien kinh te tinh Tang quy mo von dau tu va su dung von dau tu hap ly la nhung nhan to rat quan gop phan nang cao hieu qua dau tu, tang nang suat nhan to tong hap, tac dong den viec chuyen dich co cau kinh te theo hudng cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa, nang cao sue canh tranh cua dia phuong do, nang cao chat luang tang trudng kinh te cua dia phuong 1.1.3.2 Dau tuphat trien tac dong den chuyen dich co cau kinh te cac tinh Dau tu gop phan lam chuyen dich co cau kinh te phu hap qui luat va chien r r luge phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua dia phuong ttrng thdi ky, tao su can doi mdi giua cac nganh, vung, phat huy noi luc van coi yeu to ngoai luc a r 1.1.3.3 Tac dong cua dau tuphat trien den khoa hoc va cong nghe cac tinh Xuat phat tu nen cong nghiep lac hau, nen kinh te kern phat trien, cong nghe la trung tarn cua cong nghiep hoa Dau tu la dieu kien tien quyet cua su phat trien va ii tang cudng kha nang cong nghe cua tinh A ? \ r 1.1.3.4 Dau tu phat trien gop phan cai thien ddi song dan cu tren dia ban tinh Dau tu phat trien gop phan thuc hien muc tieu xoa ddi giam ngheo, tao viec lam, phat trien co so tang, cai thien dieu kien song d cac ngudi dan d vung ngheo, vung sau, vung xa, phat trien nguon nhan luc 1.1.4 Noi dung dau tut phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh Do dieu kien dia ly, tai nguyen thien nhien hay nguon nhan luc khien moi tinh hay moi dia phuong noi rieng deu co nhtrng lpi the va kho khan rieng Noi dung dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh nghien cuu luan van gom: - Dau tu phat trien cu so tang - Dau tu phat trien nganh nong, lam, ngu nghiep - Dau tu phat trien nganh cong nghiep - Dau tu phat trien nganh thuong mai, du lich va dich vu - Dau tu cho cac chuung trinh muc tieu xa hoi 1.2 Nguon von cho hoat dong dau tu* phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh Nguon von dau tu phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh duuc phan ba loai sau: - Nguon von cua nha nude dau tu tren dia ban tinh - Nguon von cua dan cu va tu nhan dau tu tren dia ban tinh - Nguon von dau tu nude ngoai tren dia ban tinh Trong khuon kho de tai nay, ta nghien curu hai loai von dau tu nude ngoai chu yeu sau: Nguon von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai va Von vien tru phat trien chinh thuc 1.3 Cac chi tieu danh gia ket qua va hieu qua cua hoat dong dau tu- phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh 1.3.1 Chi tieu danh gid ket qua cua hoat dong dau tic phat trien kinh te tren dia ban tinh - Khdi luung von dau tu thuc hien: - Tai san co dinh huy dong va nang luc san xuat phuc vu tang them 95 chung khoan, phat trien thi truong cd phieu, trai phieu nham thay doi each tich tru von nhan roi dan cu Cho phep khau hao nhanh de tai dau tu san xuat, tang them von dau tu cho doanh nghiep cung la de tinh tang cac khoan thu cho dau tu phat trien kinh te Nguon von vay: Khuyen khich phat trien va nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua cac to chuc tin dung tren dia ban, tao thi truong von phat trien ben vung Ap dung chinh sach ho trq tai chinh, thong qua lai suat va tin dung, hudng luong von chay vao cac linh vuc can uu tien Tinh can chu dong dua cac chinh sach uu dai dau tu da duqc ban hanh nhu hd trq doanh nghiep tiep can nguon von, ho trq kinh phi dao tao nguoi lao dong va chu doanh nghiep gan hon vdi doanh nghiep Nguon von tu khu vuc dan cu: Da dang hoa cac hinh thuc va cong cu huy dong vdn de cho moi nguoi dan o bat cu noi dau, thoi diem nao, cung co nhung co hoi thuan tien de dua dong von vao phat trien kinh te Khuyen khich su dung tai san ca nhan, thuc hien chd toan gui tien o mot noi va rut o bat cu noi nao, co vay chung ta mdi dua duqc nguon von dudi dang cat giu vao luu thong Ngoai ra, tinh cdn ban hanh cac chinh sach khuyen khich tu nhan nudc tu dau tu hoac gop vdi tinh xay dung va kinh doanh cac cong trinh ket cau tang kinh td- xa hoi, khuyen khich cac ho gia dinh o cac vung nong thon, von vao san xuat kinh doanh, tren co so khai thac the manh cua tung vung Mat khac can nang cao nhan thuc cho tat ca moi nguoi y thuc duqc vai tro cua viec huy dong v6n dau tu Nhan thuc duqc ro rang tang cuong dau tu va nang cao hieu qua su dung von dau tu de dam bao mot su phat trien nhanh, ben vung, dua nen kinh te cua tinh cang phat trien 3.3.2 Tao mdi thuan h/i cho cac phan kinh td ctau twphat trien De tang cudng dau tu phat trien, tinh can thuc hien tot cai cach hanh chinh va cac chinh sach thu hut dau tu Khuyen khich, bao ve quyen lqi hqp phap va binh dang cua cac nha dau tu, cac don vi kinh te Hinh cac hiep hoi doanh nghiep de bo sung, ho trq hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh, tao suc manh ve nang 96 luc tai chinh, cong nghe va thi trudng Khuyen khich cac hinh thuc lien ket lien doanh san xuat giua cac phan kinh nuoc va ngoai nuoc vao phat trien san xuat kinh doanh tinh Ho tro va tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep doi hoat dong tu xay dung co ban sang san xuat cong nghiep, nong nghiep va dich vu Tao diSu kien cho cac phan kinh te dau tu vung nguyen lieu, dao tao nghe, nhan nghe, cay nghe de phat trien cac nganh nghe san xuat tieu thu cong nghiep Giup do, huong dan phat trien manh mo hinh kinh te ho, kinh te trang trai, kinh te hop tac xa chan nuoi, trot, san xuat tieu thu cong nghiep, che bien, tieu thu san pham va dich vu phuc vu san xuat, ddi song, nhat la vung nong thon; xay dung phat trien cac mo hinh xoa doi, giam ngheo gan voi mo hinh san xuat co phan cong lao dong, hinh cac ho, cac don vi san xuat hang hoa tap trung, quy mo hop ly, co thi trudng on dinh Hoat dong dau tu phat trien chiu tac dong khong nho boi cac co che, chinh sach, do, de ndng cao chat luong hoat dong dau tu thi he thong chinh sach kinh te noi chung va chinh sach dau tu noi rieng phai dam bao su dong bo va hop ly Vi vay, can tiep tuc soat, hoan thien cac co che, chinh sach - Thuc hien nghiem tuc va quyet liet cai cach hanh chinh, truoc het la cai cach thu tuc hanh chinh Tinh cdn tiep tuc thuc hien phan cap manh ve quan ly Nha nuoc, dam bao thdng nhat, toan dien, dong bo, hieu qua Tang cudng cong tac huong dan, kiem tra viec thuc hien phan cap, nang cao tinh chu dong, nang dong, sang tao va dam nghi, dam lam va dam chiu trach nhiem cua co so Dam bao su phoi hop chat che giua cac cap, cac nganh thuc hien nhiem vu Doi moi can ban tac phong, le loi lam viec cua doi ngu can bo cong chuc, vien chuc nha nuoc, dam bao hoat dong theo luat Nang cao vai tro, trach nhiem cua ngudi dung dau Day manh ung dung va lien ket cong nghe thong tin cac co quan, don vi Xay dung “Van phong dien tu”, “Mot cua dien tu” de hien dai hoa, nang cao hieu qua hanh chinh cong 97 - Chu dong nghien cuu, xay dung, bo sung va hoan thien cac co che chinh sach mot cach kip thoi va hieu qua Bo sung hoan thien co che chinh sach thu hut dau tu phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, nhat la chinh sach thu hut phat trien kinh te cua khau, cac khu, cum cong nghiep, cac nha may che bien sau cac loai san pham hang hoa; chinh sach dac thu phat trien vung cao, vung dong luc; chinh sach phat trien nguon nhan luc, thu hut nhan tai, chuyen gia, can bo khoa hoc - cong nghe Tiep tuc thuc hien chinh sach ho trp tu ngan sach dia phuong de dao tao nghe cho nguoi lao dong, dao tao chuyen mon, nghiep vu cho can bo cac cap, cac nganh Ban hanh chinh sach hO trp chuyen dOi lao dong nong nghiep sang cac nganh nghe khac; chinh sach uu dai, ho trp chuyen giao cong nghe moi, tien tien; chinh sach thu hut dau tu phat trien ket cau tang, cac san pham phuc vu phat trien dich vu, du lich; bo sung, hoan thien cac chinh sach cong, khuyen nong, khuyen lam 3.3.3 Diilu chinh cu chu dtiu tit hop ly, thuc day cu c&u kinh te chuyen dich theo hudng cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa Giai phap quan de co cau kinh te chuyen dich theo huong cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa chinh la dieu chinh co cau dau tu Nhu ta da biet, co cau dau tu hop ly la co cau dau tu phu hop voi quy luat khach quan, cac dieu kien kinh te xa hoi cua tung co so, nganh, vung va toan nen kinh te, co tac dong tich cuc den viec doi moi co cau kinh te theo huong cang hop ly hon, khai thac va su dung hop ly cac nguon luc nuoc, dap ung nhu cau cua hoi nhap, phu hop voi xu the kinh te, chinh tri cua the gioi va cua khu vuc Co cau dau tu can dupc dieu chinh theo huong: Tiep tuc tap trung von dau tu cho nganh cong nghiep theo dinh huong chuyen dich co cau cua nganh cong nghiep; dau tu hop ly cho nganh nong nghiep, dam bao an ninh luong thuc va chuyen manh sang san xuat hang hoa voi cay trong, vat nuoi co hieu qua cao; quan tam dau tu tao toc tang truong nhanh cho nganh dich vu; chu dau tu ket cau tang, doi moi khoa hoc cong nghe, phat trien nguon nhan luc; co su ket hpp cua nguon von ngan sach nha nuoc voi cac nguon von khac cua xa hoi dau tu 98 phat trien de chuyen dich ca cau dau tu Do vay, de ca cau kinh te chuyen dich theo huong cong nghiep hoa - hien dai hoa thi can phai co nhung bien phap dieu chinh ca cau dau tu nhu sau X AX yr 3.3.3.I Dieu chinh ca cau dau tir theo nguon von yr x r r y - Ngudn von ngan sach: dieu chinh ca cau von dau tu tu ngan sach nha nuoc theo huong tang cubng dau tu ca sd tang kinh te true tiep phuc vu san xuat, kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep Nguon von ngan sach nha nuoc van la chu yeu cho phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua tinh Ha Giang Trong thbi gian toi, ben canh dau tu ca sd tang kinh te xa hoi, tinh danh mot nguon von lon ho trp dau tu cac du an diem, co y nghia quan doi voi su phat trien kinh te cua tinh, bao gom: Tap trung xay dung thi xa Ha Giang theo tieu chi thi loai II va xay dung thi tran Viet Quang (huyen Bac Quang) ve cac dieu kien vat chat de tung buoc trd thi xa; xay dung cac xa trung tam huyen ly thi tran va cac xa co dieu kien thi tu; uu tien dau tu xay dung trung tam huyen ly Quang Binh va cac xa, r r y r phubng, thi tran moi dupc lap Hoan dau tu cai tao nang cap quoc lo (doan thi xa Ha giang - Cua khau Thanh Thuy), dubng noi quoc lo 4c voi 4D Ho trp dau tu tang cac khu kinh te, khu cong nghiep nhu: xay dung tang ky thuat khu cong nghiep Binh Vang, cum cong nghiep Nam Quang, hoan chinh quy hoach chi tiet cum cong nghiep Thuan Hoa, Tung Ba, Minh San yr r - Ngudn von cua cac doanh nghiep: tinh chu truong khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep dau tu vao cac nganh cong nghiep che bien va du lich Ben canh do, tinh can to chuc phoi hop voi cac to chuc tin dung tao dieu kien uu dai ve tin dung de doanh nghiep tang cubng dau tu theo chieu sau voi day chuyen may moc thiet bi hien dai, gop phan lam tang nang suat va chat lupng cua san pham va tu tang kha nang canh tranh cua san pham va doanh nghiep tren thi trubng r r yr Doi vdi von cua dan cir va ho gia dinh: Tan dung nguon von cua dan cu cho dau tu cac nganh san xuat kinh doanh co kha nang thu hoi von nhanh va sinh lpi cao nhu dau tu cho vung nguyen lieu che bien, tieu thu cong nghiep 99 3.3.3.2 Dieu chinh co cau dau tu theo nganh kinh te - Nguon von dau tu cho nganh nong nghiep: tap trung phat trien nong nghiep toan dien, ben vung theo hudng san xuat hang hoa ldn, tang nang suat, chat luong va hieu qua, chuyen dich co cau noi bo nganh theo hudng tang ty chan nuoi va cay cong nghiep, chu tdi che bien nong san thuc pham, dam bao on dinh va an loan luong thuc, phat trien gan vdi thi ngudi tieu thu san pham Cu the nhu sau: + Phat trien san xuat nong nghiep theo loi the cua tung vung, tap trung day manh dau tu tham canh cay luong thuc, ap dung tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat vao san xuat, tang dien tich gieo cac loai giong mdi cd nang suat cao vao san xuat dai tra Phat trien vung ngo hang hoa phuc vu cho xuat khau va che bien thuc an gia sue Tiep tuc day manh phat trien cay che, xac dinh la cay xoa ddi - giam ngheo va la cay cd san pham xuat khau chu luc Tang dien tich ddng thdi nang cao nang suat va chat luong tao thi trudng tieu thu on dinh cho san pham + Phat trien manh cay dau tuong d cac vung cd dieu kien phu hop, hinh vung san xuat hang hoa tap trung Phat trien cay an qua cd mui, cd cui d vung thap, tang nhanh dien tich cam sach benh, tang them dien tich cay an qua on ddi d vung cao + Day manh phat trien chan nuoi theo hudng san xuat hang hoa, tap trung vao cac loai gia sue an cd: trau, bo, de Duy tri va phat trien dan ong mat Day manh phat trien thuy san doi vdi cac san pham cd gia tri kinh te cao Tiep tuc thuc hien tot cong tac mdi, giao khoan, khoanh nuoi bao ve rung, thuc hien phu xanh dat ddi nui troc, nang cao gia tri kinh te tu rung, phat trien rirng ket hop vdi viec giai quyet tot chat dat, nguyen lieu lam nha cho dan va bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai - Ngudn vdn dau tu cho nganh cong nghiep: Han che va khong khuyen khich khai thac va xuat khau tho cac ngudn tai nguyen khoang san Uu tien dau tu cho phat trien cong nghiep - tieu thu cong nghiep, tap trung chu yeu vao san xuat vat lieu xay dung, khai thac che bien khoang san, che bien che, xay dung cac nha may bao quan va che bien hoa qua, thuc an gia sue va cac nong - lam san khac vdi quy 100 mo vua va nhd, dap ung nhu cau tieu dung va xuat khau Khong gia han giay phep doi vdi cac co sd dang san xuat; khong cap phep doi vdi nhung co sd dang ky mdi ve san xuat vat lieu nung tru cac du an co cong nghe tien tien Dong thdi tinh can co chinh sach ho tro ve von, chinh sach uu dai hoac mien giam thue doi vdi cac don vi dau tu xay dung mdi co sd san xuat kinh doanh Dac biet la doi vdi cac du an co cong nghe hien dai, nham khuyen khich cac to chuc, ca nhan dau tu xay dung mdi co sd san xuat tien tien de dan thay the cac co sd san xuat lac hau Tiep tuc huy dong hieu qua suc dan ket hop vdi su ho tro cua Nha.nudc de phat trien giao thong nong thon va xay dung cac cong trinh thuy loi, kien co hoa kenh muong va tang cudng xay dung cac tram the, md rong mang ldi dien - Nguon von dau tu vao nganh dich vu: tap trung dau tu phat trien du lich sinh thai, xay dung cac khu vui choi, khuyen khich va tao dieu kien thuan loi cho cac phan kinh te, moi doi tuong tham gia dau tu phat trien thuong mai, dich vu, du lich va tao co che thong thoang cho linh vuc phat trien Phat huy the manh kinh te cua khau, day manh kim ngach xuat nhap khau hang hoa qua cac cua khau, phat trien manh cac cho bien gidi Trong nganh du lich, can tap trung khai thac loi the ve dieu kien tu nhien, phong canh thien nhien va net van hoa doc dao cua cac dan toc Dong thdi huy dong cac nguon luc de phat trien toan dien ve dich vu, du lich vdi hinh thuc vua dau tu vua khai thac; day manh phat trien da dang hoa cac loai hinh dich vu, du lich gan du lich vdi hoat dong dich vu nhu le hoi van hoa, le hoi truyen thong > r r \ 3.3.3.3 Tap trung dau tir nang cao so litcrng va chat luang ngudn nhan luc cho phat trien Nguon nhan luc la mot yeu to quan trong su phat trien cua moi quoc gia noi chung cung nhu chat luong hoat dong cua cac du an dau tu noi rieng Neu chi co von ma khong co ngudi thi nguon von cung trd nen vo nghia Do vay, can phai tap trung dao tao, bdi duang nang cao chat luang va su dung hap ly ngudn nhan luc cho dau tu phat trien Nguon nhan luc cho dau tu phat trien tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang thieu ca ve so luong va chat luong Doi ngu ngudi lao dong co trinh thap, thieu can bo co 101 chuyen mon, trach nhiem va kha nang quan li Do vay, de cho hoat dong dau tu phat trien co hieu qua, tinh Ha Giang can phai: Truoc het, tinh can de ke hoach, chinh sach giao duc va dao tao chu vao viec dao tao doi ngu cong nhan ky thuat, nhung nguoi truc tiep tham gia san xuat Ben canh do, tien hanh dao tao, dao tao lai doi ngu can bo quan ly bang cac khoa huan luyen ngan hoac dai tai cac truong, trung tam dao tao hay tai chinh cac doanh nghiep Ngoai tinh can ban hanh cac che do, chinh sach nham thu hut nguon lao dong co trinh cao, kinh nghiem den cong tac va lam viec lau dai cho tinh Cu the: Hang nam mo cac lop dao tao, boi duong nang cao trinh chuyen mon, ly luan chinh tri cho can bo, dac biet la can bo cap xa; co chinh sach thu hut va dao tao doi ngu can bo khoa hoc ky thuat co trinh cao, cong tac lau dai o vung cao Thuc hien tot cong tac quy hoach, luan chuyen can bo giua cac cap, cac nganh, cac dia phuong tinh Phat trien mang luoi truong lop hoc mot cach dong bo, thuc hien tach truong (noi co dieu kien) de hoan thien cap hoc theo luat giao duc Kien co hoa truong, lop hoc gan voi chuan hoa, hien dai hoa, xay dung truong chuan quoc gia Xay dung truong trung hoc co so noi tru o cac cum xa bien gioi; xay dung truong mot so truong trung hoc thong chat luong cao Vu tien dau tu xay dung cac truong mam non cong lap o cac vung III, khuyen khich phat trien cac truong lop mam non tu thuc o thi xa Ha Giang va cac thi tran co dieu kien Thuc hien tot chinh sach cu tuyen tao nguon, tang cuong lien ket dao tao, boi duong giua cac truong day nghe va cac co so dao tao va ngoai nuoc Co chinh sach ho tro, giup do, tao dieu kien ve kinh te cho em dan toc thieu so hoc tai cac truong chuyen nghiep cua tinh Dau tu nang cap truong day nghe cua tinh dat chuan truong trung cap nghe, xay dung mot so trung tam day nghe tai cac huyen dong dan cu nhu: Bac Quang, Vi Xuyen va cac cum huyen Mo rong quy mo dao tao lai, dao tao tai cho, dao tao tap trung tai xa, huyen, dao tao ngan han, dai han Co chinh sach thu hut giao vien day nghe tu cac tinh mien xuoi den cong tac tai cac co so day nghe cua tinh va cua cac 102 huyen thi; uu tien lao dong la ngudi dan toc thieu so vao hoc cac trudng day y ? r r r Boi dudng phat trien nguon nhan luc tai dia phuong, gan vdi sap xep, bo tri, phan cong va dao tao lai can bo cho phu hop Ket hop chat che giua dao tao theo dia chi vdi thu hut tuyen dung de phat trien doi ngu can bo khoa hoc - cong nghe, bao dam ca ve so luong, chat luong va co ty le phu hop vdi cac nganh, linh vuc, dia phuong Vu tien dau tu tu ngan sach cho cong tac dao tao, boi dudng can bo, cong chuc lao dong Tang cudng dau tu cho cac trudng day nghe va co chinh sach uu dai, khuyen khich doi vdi doi tuong di hoc de sau tot nghiep co the quay ve phuc vu cho cua tinh Lam tot cac khau cong tac can bo, coi su dung can bo co duc co tai, co nang luc thuc tien tham gia tich cuc vao su nghiep xay dung va phat trien cua tinh Coi phat trien nguon nhan luc chat luong cao tu cac trudng thong, tren co sd phat huy hieu qua dao tao cua trudng chuyen va cac trudng chuyen nghiep Tang cudng viec phan cap quan ly to chuc bo may va can bo, cong chuc gan vdi viec sap xep, kien toan, nang cao nang luc dieu hanh cua chinh quyen cac cap, xay dung he thong chinh tri sach, vung manh Tang cudng tinh chu dong, sang tao va tu chiu trach nhiem cua tung to chuc, ca nhan thuc thi nhiem vu To chuc tot viec tiep dan va giai quyet don thu khieu nai, to cao cua cong dan Tang cudng cong tac kiem tra, tra, dau tranh co hieu qua cac hanh vi cua quyen, tham nhung, lang phi, nhung nhieu dan va cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat can bo cong chuc cac cap, cac nganh; thuc hien tot cuoc van dong xay dung chinh don Dang va Phap lenh cong chuc vien chuc Kien quyet xu ly nghiem minh, dung phap luat cac can bo va don vi co vi pham, thoai hoa bien chat, co hoi, co 103 quan didm va hanh dong trai voi chu truong duong loi cua Dang, chinh sach phap luat cua Nha nude Ngoai ra, Tinh edn tang cudng dau tu cho dich vu y te, van hoa the thao de nang cao ca tri luc va the luc cho luc luong lao dong Cung co va hoan thien mang luoi y td co sd ca vd vat chdt, trang thidt bi va can bo Cd chinh sach dau tu thich hop, dam bao kinh phi cho hoat dong thuong xuyen cua tram y td xa Ket hop quan dan y bao ve, cham soc va nang cao sue khoe nhan dan Xay dung phong trao thd due thd thao qudn chung, xay dung xa hoi va gia dinh the thao Phat dong sau rong phong trao "khoe de xay dung va bao ve To quoc” va cuoc van dong “toan dung dai sdng vdn hoa 3.3.3.4 Tang cuang dau tu ung dung tien bo khoa hoc — cong nghe tien tien, hien dai de nang cao chat luang va gid tri san pham, dam bao moi truang Cung vdi viec chu dau tu mdi, dau tu md rong can uu tien dau tu chieu sau, ung dung khoa hoc cong nghe mdi, phat huy nang luc san xuat hien cd va nang cao nang luc canh tranh, phat trien thi trudng cua cac san pham cong nghiep Gan phat trien khoa hoc, cong nghe vdi san xuat, day manh viec ung dung tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe mdi vao cac nganh san xuat va dich vu Tang cudng dau tu kinh phi cho cong tac nghien cuu khoa hoc va ung dung dai tra nhung tien bo khoa hoc vao san xuat; Lua chon cac cay, giong mdi cd nang suat chat luong tot, hieu qua kinh td cao, phu hop vdi dieu kien tir nhien va kha nang cua tinh; tich cue ung dung va nhan rong cac mo hinh chuyen dich co cau cay trong, vat nuoi hieu qua; xay dung mot mo hinh san xuat nong nghiep sach, chat luong cao, uu tien ung dung va chuyen giao khoa hoc cong nghe cong nghiep che bien nong lam san thuc pham To chuc tot viec cung ung giong, tang cudng cong tac khuyen ndng khuyen cong, khuyen lam, khuyen ngu dua ky thuat mdi vao san xuAt, dac biet la phat trien cac loai cay, dac san Cac co sd san xuat cong nghiep, thu cong nghiep dam bao thiet bi, cong nghe phu hop, tien tidn nang cao chdt luong, hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh 104 X Phat trien manh nguon nhan lire cho khoa hoc, cong nghe; su dung co hieu qua doi ngu can bo khoa hoc ky thuat va co chinh sach thu hut can bo khoa hoc, doanh nhan, nghe nhan gidi ve cong tac tai Tinh, chinh sach uu dai cho cac doanh nghiep dau tu ap dung cac cong nghe mdi, tien tien vao san xuat; Tang cudng cac bien phap kiem soat nhiem mdi trudng, huy dong su tham gia dong gop cua cong dong dan cu, doanh nghiep va cd chinh sach uu dai viec huy dong vdn dau tu linh vuc bao ve mdi trudng; dong thdi nang cao trach nhiem, tang cudng su phoi hop giua cac cap, cac nganh, cac don vi san xuat kinh doanh, dich vu viec bao ve va giam thieu o nhiem mdi trudng, bao dam giu can bang sinh thai, bao dam phat trien kinh te - xa hoi ben vtrng x r 3.3.4 Nang cao chat luong cong tac quan ly hoat dong dau tic Nhung nam qua, cong tac quan ly dau tu tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang cdn buong long dan den hieu qua cua cac du an dau tu cdn thap Do vay, de tang cudng hieu qua cua dau tu phat trien thdi gian tdi tinh can phai dao tao lai doi ngu can bo ve hoach dinh chinh sach, chien luuc dau tu, cd kien thuc ve tham dinh va quan ly du an dau tu Can phai cd bien phap xur ly nghiem minh cac can bo, td chuc hay ca nhan khong lam tron trach nhiem, va cd hanh vi sai pham quan ly dau tu va xay dung, quy hoach, thiet ke, thi cong, giam sat xay dung r r y t r Ke hoach dau tu duoc du tinh hang nam dua tren ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi va quy hoach nganh, quy hoach vung cua tinh vdi muc tieu huy dong tdi da X X r X nguon luc va ngoai tinh Tinh can day manh ke hoach hoa dau tu theo cac chuong trinh du an va phai dam bao su phat trien can ddi giua cac nganh, vung tinh tranh dau tu dan trai va khong dung tam diem Ngudn vdn Nha nudc se la ngudn luc cu ban va quan nhat doi vdi viec dau tu xay dung cu sd tang cua tinh Mot nhung han che hien cua tinh Ha Giang la nang luc tu van cdn yeu kem Do vay cong tac lap du an can dac biet chu den chat luong du an va cac chi tieu dua Cac chi tieu can gan vdi phan tich nhung bien dong cd the xay tuong lai de tranh tinh trang phat sinh, dieu chinh qua nhieu gay mat thdi gian va lang phi ngudn luc Cac cu quan quan ly nha nudc cung can don doc qua trinh lap du an cho dung vdi tien du dinh bo vdn, tranh trudng hop da den han 105 cam ket dau tu ma bao cao xin cap phep dau tu chua duoc lap xong nhu mot so du an thai gian qua To chuc cong tac dau thau cong khai, minh bach va tuan thu theo cac quy trinh cua luat dau thau Can tang cuang hinh thuc dau thau canh tranh rong rai, han che chi dinh thau de cac doanh nghiep co ca hoi tham gia vao qua trinh quan ly va thuc hien dau tu Tuy nhien, nang luc nha thau can phai duoc lua chon ky cang Doi vdi nha thau thi cong thi nang luc tai chinh dong vai tro quan vi neu khong huy dong du so von nhu cac nha thau thuang cam ket cho cong trinh de bi dinh tre, keo dai Khi tuyen chon nha thau, muon cong trinh duoc dam bao thi ca quan tu van tuyen chon nha thau, cac nha tuyen chon phai co nang luc chuyen mdn, phai thuc su cong tam va phai chiu hoan toan trach nhiem cua minh trudc phap luat Khong nen chon nha thau khong co du nang luc chuyen mon Doi vdi cac du an doi hoi phai khao sat thiet ke nhu khao sat dia chat, khao sat thuy van, khao sat ve van hoa vung dan cu ma cong trinh du dinh dat tai thi phai khao sat chat che, tranh tinh trang cong trinh xay dung xong di vao su dung mot thai gian thi bi hu hong, khong dam bao chat luong cac yeu td dia chat, thai tiet, thuy van khong phu hop Doi vdi cac cong trinh dac thu nhu thiet ke thi cong cac cong trinh xay dung, cac cong trinh my thuat, tuong dai, nghia trang thi phai nghien cuu ky luang ve dia diem dat du an, thiet -ke phai duoc xem xet tu nhieu goc do, nhieu khia canh, nen to chuc cac cuoc thi de tuyen chon nhung phuang an toi uu cho cong trinh Lam duoc dieu se tranh duoc that thoat von dau tu cong tac khao sat thiet ke Cac cong trinh dau tu vao linh vuc van hoa - xa hoi phai duoc nghien cuu ky, phai tao duoc su tranh dua cong tac dau thau tuyen chon thi mdi chon duoc nha thau phu hop, dap ung duoc yeu cau de Chi phi khao sat thiet ke cac cong trinh phai duoc dam bao Tranh tinh trang nhu d cac du an trudc chi phi khao sat thiet ke cao da bd qua hoac khao sat, thiet ke qua loa dan den cong trinh dau tu xong chat luong khong dam bao, lam that thoat mot luong von dau tu ldn cua Nha nudc Cong tac tham dinh du an thuoc ve trach nhiem cua ca quan quan ly hoat dong dau tu tren dia ban Tuy nhien van xay tinh trang nhung nhieu, gay kho khan tai 106 mot so so, ban, nganh Do do, cac co quan quan ly nha nuoc tham gia vao qua trinh tham dinh du an can co su lien ket va tao dieu kien de du an nhanh chong duoc cap phep neu dap ung day du yeu cau cua don vi tham dinh Mot thuc te hien la nang luc cua cac can bo tham dinh du an tai cac co quan han che, kha nang du r a a r ? bao yeu Vi vay, can boi duong va tang cudng dao tao doi voi cac can bo tham dinh de du an di vao trien khai khong gap phai nhieu kho khan, vudng mac qua trinh lap va tham dinh du an khong sat gay Day nhanh cong tac giai phong mat bang, can phai xay dung phuong an giai phong mat bang cu the sau khau lap du an Chu dau tu phai don doc nha thau thuc hien dung tien thi cong, giai quyet cac phat sinh qua trinh thi cong nhanh chong va phoi hop vdi cac co quan chuyen mon Cac chu dau tu can chu dong hon nua cong tac quan ly, khong y lai vao doanh nghiep ma phai ket hop vdi cac co quan nha nudc qua trinh quan ly thuc hien dau tu Can cung co nang cao nang luc cua cac Ban quan ly du an, dam bao dap ung yeu cau hoan nhiem vu dupe chu dau tu giao Tinh can phai tiep tuc co them cac hudng dan thong nhat khau toan giua Tai chinh va Kho bac tren dia ban tinh quyet toan vdn dau tu Td chuc cac ldp tap huan nang cao nghiep vu quan ly du an, quyet toan vdn cho can bo cua cac Ban quan ly du an, chu dau tu Khac phuc tinh trang don toan cuoi nam, cac chu dau tu, cac don vi thi cong phai tien hanh nghiem thu, lap hd so toan co khoi luong hoan gui co quan cap phat vdn, khong cho den hoan toan bo cong trinh mdi nghiem thu, lap hd so toan Den du an di vao van hanh, cac co quan quan ly Nha nudc can tien hanh theo ddi, danh gia ket qua hoat dong cua du an dau tu dac biet la tac dong mdi trudng cua du an 107 KET LUA • N Dudi su lanh dao tap trung, toan dien cua Dang bo tinh Ha Giang, ket cau tang, nhat la tang thiet yeu khong ngung duoc dau tu, xay dung tren co so nang dong, sang tao; huy dong, long ghep, su dung hieu qua nguon von dau tu, dac biet la thuc hien tot phuong cham “Nha nudc va nhan dan cung lam” de xay dung ket cau ting nong thon, chinh trang thi Vdi nhung chinh sach cu the, phu hop dieu kien thuc te cua tung vung, tung linh vuc, cong tac xoa doi giam ngheo, tao viec lam cho ngudi lao dong dat duoc nhieu qua dang khich le Thong qua cac chinh sach, du an dau tu, chuong trinh muc tieu Quoc gia, su ho tro cua cac to chuc kinh te - xa hoi, ca nhan va ngoai tinh, su no luc cua ngudi dan nhieu ho ngheo duoc xoa nha tam, xay dung be nudc an, cac cong trinh ve sinh, vay von khong lai phat trien san xuat, tung budc cai thien, nang cao chat luong cuoc song Ben canh tuu dat duoc cdn ton tai nhung han che: Tuy toc tang truong cao nhung chua b£n vung, chua tuong xung vdi tiem nang, loi the; nguon thu ngan sach tu san xuat, kinh doanh, dich vu cdn thap; su chuyen dich co cau kinh te cung nhu noi bo tung nganh kinh te, co cau lao dong chua cao; chua hinh duoc cac vung san xuat hang hoa ldn, hang hoa xuat khau chua manh; viec dau tu xay dung ket cau tang van cdn tinh trang dan trai, chu yeu dua vao ngan sach Nha nudc Chat luong dao tao nghe, thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi cdn qua thap so vdi binh quan chung cua ca nudc; cong tac xoa doi giam ngheo chua ben vung, ty le ho can ngheo ldn, nguy co tai ngheo cao, cdn xay tinh trang doi giap hat o mot bo phan dan cu Nguyen nhan cua tinh trang tren xuat phat diem nen kinh te - xa hoi cua tinh thap, dieu kien tu nhien kho khan, dia hinh chia cat manh, dan cu song phan tan, thudng xuyen bi thiet hai thien tai Cong tac lanh dao, chi dao, to chuc thuc hien co luc, co noi chua kip thdi, quyet liet, thieu sau sat, thieu toan dien o mot sd khau, linh vuc, doi luc cdn nang tich De Ha Giang co the thoat khoi tinh trang kem phat trien, tinh can can biet khai 108 thac the manh, tiem nang bang nhung giai phap dung huong, phu hop vdi dieu kien cu the cua tung vung, mien, tung thdi diem Tu dinh hudng do, nhieu nhom giai phap duoc de nhu: Khai thac toi da, phat huy hieu qua su dung cac nguon noi luc, gan vdi thuc hien tot co che thu hut dau tu Tang cudng gidi thieu, quang ba tiem nang, the manh cua dia phuong di doi r y r r vdi day manh cac hoat dong xuc tien dau tu, xuc tien thuong mai - du lich; khuyen khich phat trien cac phan kinh te, van dung linh hoat co che, chinh sach khuyen khich ho tro dau tu, day manh cai cach thu tuc hanh chinh dau tu Dam bao ve so luong, nang cao chat luong nguon nhan luc cho phat trien; day manh ung dung tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe san xuat va ddi song; thuc hien nghiem tuc, quyet liet cong tac cai cach hanh chinh, trudc het la cai cach thu tuc hanh chinh; chu dong nghien cuu xay dung, bo sung, hoan thien co che, chinh sach mot cach kip thdi, hieu qua; phat huy manh me vai tro lanh dao cua cac cap uy Dang, su chi dao, dieu hanh kip thdi, quyet liet, co hieu luc, hieu qua cua chinh quyen cac cap Nhung giai phap ket hop vdi su doan ket, chung suc, dong long cua can bo cac cap va nhan dan, hy vong nhung nam tdi Ha Giang tiep tuc gat hai duoc nhung cong dau tu phat trien, gop phan lam chuyen dich co cau nen kinh te theo hudng tich cuc, thoat khoi tinh trang cua mot tinh dac biet kho khan, kem phat trien va dong gop vao su phat trien chung cua ca nudc Xin chan cam on cac thay co Khoa Dau tu - Trudng Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc Dan, So Ke hoach Dau tu, Cuc thOng ke tinh Ha Giang, va va dac biet la su hudng dan tan tinh cua thay giao PGS.TS Pham Van Hung da giup em qua trinh nghien cuu, hoan luan van Luan van khong the tranh khoi thieu sot, em rat mong nhan duoc su dong gop cua cac thay co TAI LIEU THAM KHAO PGS.TS Nguyen Bach Nguyet, TS Tu Quang Phuong (chu bien) nam 2007, Giao trinh Kinh te Dau tu - NXB Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc Dan PGS.TS Nguyen Bach Nguyet, Giao trinh Lap Du an Dau tu, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc Dan, 2008 Cuc Thong ke Ha Giang (2009), Nien giam thong ke 2009, Nha in Cong ty co phan in Ha Giang Cuc Thong ke Ha Giang (2005), Nien giam thong ke 2005, Nha in Cong ty co phan in Ha Giang Dang bo tinh Ha Giang, Nghi quyet Dai hoi Dai bieu Dang bo tinh lan thu XV (nhiem ky 2010-2015) Uy Ban Nhan Dan tinh Ha Giang: Bao cao thuc hien ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi nam 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 So Cong thuong tinh Ha Giang, Bao cao Ket qua thuc hien nhiem vu nam 2009 va phuong huong nhiem vu nam 2010 nganh Cong Thuong Ha Giang So Nong nghiep va phat trien nong thon tinh Ha Giang, Nganh nong nghiep & phat trien nong thon Ha Giang, phat huy tiem nang va the manh So Ke hoach va dau tu tinh Ha Giang, Dong von da phat huy hieu qua 10 Trang cong thong tin dien tu tinh Ha Giang: http://www.hagiang.gov.vn 11 Mot so trang thong tin dien tu khac: Bao Ha Giang http://www.baohagiang.vn So Cong thuong http://congthuonghagiang.gov.vn 12 Mot so tai lieu khac