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MUC • LUC • Danh muc cac chir viet tat Danh muc bang bieu Danh muc bieu va so1 Tom tat luan van LO’I MO DAU CHUONG 1: TONG QUAN NHUNG NGHIEN CUU LIEN QUAN DEN DE TAI .2 CHUONG 2: LY LUAN CHUNG VE DAU TU CONG 2.1 Nhung van de ly luan chung 2.1.1 Mot so khai niem 2.1.2 Vai tro cua dau tu cong doi vdi phat trien kinh te xa hoi 10 2.1.3 Dac diem cua dau tu cong 12 2.1.4 Noi dung dau tu cong 13 2.2 Nguon von dau tu’ cong 14 2.2.1 Khai niem: 14 2.2.2 Cac nguon von dau tu cong 14 2.3 Phan loai dau tir cong 15 2.4 Quan ly dau tucong * 15 2.4.1 Khai niem 15 2.4.2 Noi dung va co che quan ly nha nuoc ve dau tu cong 16 2.5 Ket qua va hieu qua hoat dong dau tu- cong 20 2.5.1 Ket qua hoat dong dau tu cong 20 2.5.2 Hieu qua hoat dong dau tu cong 22 2.6 Nhan to anh huong den dau tu- cong 28 2.6.1 Nhan to anh huong tdi huy dong von dau to cong 28 2.6.2 Nhan to anh huong toi hieu qua sir dung von dau tu cong 29 CHUONG 3: THUC TRANG DAU TU CONG TREN DIA • • • BAN THANH PHO HA NOI GIAI DOAN 2006-2011 32 3.1 Khai quat ve dieu kien tir nhien, kinh te-xa hoi Thanh co anh huong toi hoat dong dau tir cong 32 3.2 Quy mo va co’ cau thu chi ngan sach 37 3.3 Nguon von chi cho dau tu’ cong ciia Ha Noi 40 3.3.1 Co cau dau tu cong theo nguon von dau tu 40 3.3.2 Cau cua von dau tu XDCB co nguon goc Nha nunc 41 3.4 Thue trang dau tu’ cong tren dia ban Ha Noi 43 3.4.1 Quy mo von dau tu cong cua Ha Noi 43 3.4.2 Dau tu cong theo ITnh vuc 44 3.4.3 Dau tu edng theo nganh kinh te 45 3.4.4 Mot so du an dien hinh ve lang phi dau tu cua Ha Noi 56 3.5 Noi dung quan ly va co’ che quan ly dau tu cong d’ Ha Noi 61 3.5.1 Cac van ban phap ly lien quan den dau tu cong 61 3.5.2 Phan bo von va thuc hien ke hoach 62 3.5.3 Quan ly von dau tu 62 3.6 Danh gia thuc trang hoat dong dau tir cong tren dia ban Thanh Ha Noi .64 3.6.1 Ket qua va hieu qua dat duoc ‘ 64 3.6.2 Han che va nguyen nhan 76 CHUONG 4: MOT VA SU DUNG • SO GIAI PHAP NHAM HUY DONG • • HIEU QUA NGUON VON DAU TU CONG TREN DIA BAN TP HA NOI 82 4.1 Dinh huong phat trien kinh te-xa hoi cua thu Ha Noi den nanr 2020 va tarn nhin den nam 2030 82 4.1.1 Lpi the, co hoi va thach thuc .82 4.1.2 Dinh huong va muc tieu phat trien kinh te xa hoi Thanh Ha Noi thoi gian toi .” 84 4.2 Dinh huong doi voi hoat dong dau tu’ cong thoi gian toi 88 4.3 Mot so giai phap co' ban nham huy dong va sir dung hieu qua hoat dong dau tu’ cong tren dia ban Ha Noi 89 4.3.1 Giai phap ve huy dong von 90 4.3.2 Giai phap ve su dung von dau tu 91 4.3.3 Giai phap ve tang cuong cong tac quan ly dau tu cong 95 4.3.4 Mot so giai phap khac 97 4.4 Mot so kien nghi 98 KET LUAN 101 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 102 DANH MUC CAC CHU’ VIET TAT CNH-HDH : Cdng nghiep hoa - Hien dai hoa CSHT : Ca so tang DNNN : Doanh nghiep Nha nuoc DTPT : Dau tu phat trien FDI : Vdn dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai GDP : Tong san pham quoc noi GO : Gia tri san xuat GPMB : Giai phong mat bang NNNT : Nong nghiep nong thon NSNN : Ngan sach Nha nuoc NXB : Nha xuat ban ODA : Von ho tro dau tu phat trien SNA : He thOng tai khoan Quoc gia TP : Thanh TSCD : Tai san co dinh VA : Gia tri tang them WB : Ngan hang the gioi XDCB : Xay dung ca ban DANH MUC BANG BIEU Bang so 2.1: Quy mo, chi so phat trien Thu - Chi NSNN va co cau chi NSNN dia phuong 38 Bang so 2.2: So sanh von dau tu tir NSNN dia phuong so voi tong vdn dau tu toan xa hoi 39 Bang so 2.3: Quy mo va co cau von dau tu cong cua Ha Noi giai doan 2006-2011 43 Bang so 2.4: Quy mo va Co cau dau tu cong chia theo nganh kinh te 46 Bang so 2.5: Dau tu cong cho phat trien tang giai doan 2006-2011 49 Bang so 2.6: Tong hop khdi luong von dau tu thuc hien giai doan 2006-2011 64 Bang so 2.7: Gia tri TSCD huy dong giai doan 2006-2011 65 Bang so 2.8: Mot so ket qua chu yeu phan anh nang luc phuc vu tang them dau tu cong cua Ha Noi 66 Bang so 2.9: Diem PCI cua Ha Noi sau md rong 70 Bang so 2.10: Mot so ket qua dat dupe cua Thanh Ha Noi giai doan 20062011 73 Bang so 2.11: Mot so chi tieu hieu qua tai chinh 74 DANH MUC BIEU DO VA SO DO Bieu 2.1: Tong san pham nude (GDP) theo khu vuc kinh te 2006 - 2011 33 Bieu 2.2: Toe tang trirdng GDP theo khu vuc kinh te 2006 - 2011 34 Bieu dd 2.3: Co cau dau tu cong theo nguon vdn dau tu 41 Bieu dd 2.4: Cau vdn dau tu XDCB co nguon goc Nha nude giai doan 2006-2011 42 Bieu dd 2.5: Co cau dau tu cong cho cac linh vuc giai doan 2006-2011 45 Bieu dd 2.6: Ty dau tu cong cho nong nghiep 48 Bieu dd 2.7: Dau tu cong cho giao due giai doan 2006-2011 53 Bieu 2.8: Dau tu cong cho y te giai doan 2006-2011 55 Bieu 2.9: Dau tu cong cho linh vuc Quan ly Nha nude An ninh quoc phong giai doan 2006-2011 56 Bieu 2.10: Co cau toan von XDCB 57 Bieu dd 2.11: Toe tang GDP Thanh Ha Noi va khu vuc Nha nude giai doan 2006-2011 69 So 1: Cac quan he uy thac-dai dien dau tu cong 17 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN k k k VU Htru TAI DAU TU CONG TREN DIA BAN THANH PHO HA NOI • • GIAI DOAN 2006-2020 Chuyen nganh: Kinh te dau tu’ TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • • Ha Noi, • Nam 2012 It i CHUONG 1: TONG QUAN NHUNG NGHIEN CUU LIEN QUAN DEN DE TAI 1.1 Tinh cap thiet cua de tai - Cong tac xay dung ke hoach phat trien kinh te xa hoi tren dia ban nhieu bat cap - Cong tac dau tir hien van bat cap nhtr: chat luong cong tac quy hoach yeu; quan ly long leo nguon von rat co han nhung tren thuc te thi dau tu lai dan trai, hieu qua dau tir thap tinh trang that thoat lang phi dang dien het sue phirc tap; chi phi giai phong mat bang cao; tinh trang thieu von dau tu dan den dir an phai dirng hoan, gian tien nhieu dan den thdi gian dau tu keo dai; cac nguon von da da dang hon trudc nhung van edn han che su ket hop giua nha nude vdi tu nhan; viec phan bo nguon von van edn mang nang tinh “xin- cho" giira cac quan huyen vdi Thanh pho; nang lire quan ly von kern; v.v Xuat phat tir nhung van de thuc te tren nen toi chon de tai: “Dau tir edng tren dia ban phd Ha Noi giai doan 2006-2020"' lam de tai Luan van Thac si kinh te chuyen nganh Kinh te Dau tu vdi hy vong dua cac giai phap de huy dong va su dung von mot each hieu qua nhat cho Thanh phd thdi gian tdi 1.2 Doi tuong nghien ciru va ph am vi nghien cun - Doi tuong nghien ciru: nguon von dau tu thuoc Ngan sach TP Ha Noi - Pham vi nghien cuu: giai doan tir 2006 - 2011 tren co sd dua nhung giai phap nham huy dong va su dung cd hieu qua cac nguon von dau tu cong tren dia ban Thanh 1.3 Phuong phap nghien cuu De tai su dung phep bien chirng vat, phuong phap mo ta, phuong phap logic, phuong phap thong ke phuong phap tong hop so sanh va phan tich nguyen nhan Dac biet chu tdi phuong phap thu thap so lieu dieu tra khao sat thuc te tai cac don vi nhat la cac BQL du an 1.4 Nhung dong gop cua luan van - He thong hoa van de ly luan dau tu cong - Phan anh thuc trang dau tu cong tren dia ban; - De xuat mot so giai phap nham huy dong, quan ly va sir dung hieu qua nguon von dau tu cong thdi gian tdi ii CHUONG 2: LY LUAN CHUNG VE DAU TU CONG r a 2.1 Nhung van de ly luan chung 2.1.1 Khai niem Dau tu cong la dau tu bang nguon von nha nude theo qui dinh cua phap luat hien hanh, bao gom: Von ngan sach nha nude; Vdn tin dung Nha nude bao lanh; Vdn tin dung dau tu phat trien cua Nha nude; Vdn dau tu phat trien cua cac DNNN va cac vdn khac nha nude quan ly nham tao cac hang hoa cong cong cd tinh chat sir dung lau dai 2.1.2 Vai tro cua dau tir cong ddi voi phat trien kinh te xa hoi Ket cau tang dong vai tro dac biet quan doi vdi str phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua mot quoc gia tao dong lire cho su phat trien He thong ket cau tang phat trien dong bo, hien dai se thuc day tang trudng kinh te nang cao nang suat hieu qua cua nen kinh te va gop phan giai quyet cac van de xa hoi 2.1.3 Dac diem cua dau tw edng - Chu sd huu khong phai la mot ca nhan tap the hay to chuc ma la Nha nude - Nguon vdn cua dau tu cong: nguon hinh chu yeu la tu thue va tich luy tir cac hoat dong kinh te cua khu vuc Nha nude - Nguon vdn cua dau tu cong thudng duoc dau tu phuc vu muc dich xa hoi nen ket qua cua hoat dong dau tu kho nhan thay duoc - Do rui ro cua hoat dong nay, thdi gian dau tu keo dai thudng cao trinh quan ly yeu kern, nguon vdn giai ngan chain - Nguon vdn NNSN la doi tuong de bi loi dung, tham nhung nhieu nhat va cung de bi that thoat lang phi nhat 2.1.4 Noi dung dau tw edng Dau tu vao cac chuong trinh muc tieu dir an phat trien ket cau tang ky thuat, kinh te, xa hoi moi trudng, quoc phong an ninh; cac du an dau tu khong cd dieu kien xa hoi hoa thuoc cac linh vuc kinh te van hoa xa hoi y te, khoa hoc, giao due dao tao va cac linh vuc khac Va dau tu vao cac chuong trinh muc tieu du an dau tu cong khac theo quyet dinh cua Chinh phii 2.2 Nguon vdn dau tu1 cong 2.2.1 Khai niem: Nguon vdn dau tu cong chinh la nguon ngan sach Nha nude hoac cd nguon goc tir ngan sach 2.2.2 Cac nguon vdn dau tir cong Nguon vdn ngan sach nha nude; Trai phieu Chinh phu; Vdn tin dung Nha nude bao lanh; Vdn tin dung dau tu phat trien cua nha nude; Nguon vdn dau tu cua 88 pham, te nan xa hoi Xay dung Ha Noi tro khu vuc phong thu vung chac r > 4.2 Dinh hirdng dC)i vdi hoat dong dau tir cong tI'onthdi gian tdi a) Ddi vdi tang dau tu phat trien ca sd lang - Hoat dong dau tu phat trien giao thong cau duong: Phat trien giao thong phuc vu cho nhu cau phat trien kinh te-xa hoi cua thu va cac vung xung quanh Giai quyet ach tac giao thong vdi xay dung co so tang dong bo, ben vung lau dai Nhanh chong dau tu xay dung cac tuyen van tai cong cong khoi luong ldn nhu duong sat tren cao, tau dien ngam + Cai tao, mo rong cac quoc lo hudng tam hien tai len duong co den lan xe co gidi, gom: quoc lo 1A; quoc lo 6; quoc lo 32;qudc lo 2; quoc lo + Xay dung cac duong cao toc song hanh vdi cac quoc lo co luu luong ldn, cac duong vanh dai lien vung + Mo rong, ket hop xay dung mdi cac truc chinh thi cua Thu bao gom duong Le Van Luong keo dai, duong keo dai + Nang cap, mo rong cac ben xe doi ngoai, mang ludi cac diem xe va bai xe cong cong, ben xe tai cac thi ve tinh, thi tran - He thong cap thoat nudc: Muc tieu phan dau den nam 2020, ve co ban tat ca dan cu duoc cap nudc hop ve sinh, binh quan cap nudc thi dat 150 180 lit/nguoi.ngay.dem Nang cao chat luong va nang luc quan ly mang ludi cap nudc Giam ty le that thoat, that thu nudc sach xuong khoang 24-26% vao nam 2020 Hoan giai doan - Du an thoat nudc nham cai thien moi truong Ha Noi cho khu vuc noi Ha Noi cu (luu vuc song Lu, song Set, song Kim Nguu va song To Lich) Cai tao cac tuyen song, muong thoat nudc khu vuc noi Trien khai du an thoat nudc luu vuc song Nhue, du an thoat nudc cho khu vuc phat trien thi nam giua luu vuc Huu Nhue va Ta Day b) Ddi vdi hoat dong dau tu phat trien giao due - Duy tri cap tieu hoc va trung hoc co so dung tudi, tien tdi cap giao duc bac trung hoc Xay dung nha truong phd thdng du dieu kien de thuc hien muc tieu giao duc toan dien tri, duc, the, my; ngan chan va tien tdi giam thieu va xoa bo cac te nan xa hoi phat sinh truong hoc Tang cuong cong tac hudng nghiep Khuyen khich phat trien cac co so giao duc - dao tao theo mo hinh cung ung dich vu trinh cao, chat luong cao - - Nang cap cac trung tam day nghe du dieu kien cua truong Trung cap nghe truong Trung cap nghe de dao tao nguon nhan luc 89 Cac chi' tieu phat trien co ban den nam 2020: + Ty le hoc buoi/ngay: Tieu hoc dat tren 90%; THCS dat tren 50% + Ty le trudng dat chuan quoc gia 65-70% + 100% trudng hoc kien co hoa, tien dan hien dai hoa + 100% xa, phudng, thi tran co Trung tam hoc tap cong dong - Tiep tuc xay dung, nhan rong cac trudng chat luong cao o tat ca cac bac hoc, cap hoc Xay dung mot so trudng thong dat trinh khu vuc va quoc te - Uu tien dau tu phat trien mang luoi trudng, lop tai khu vuc nong thon, mien nui, cac dia ban gap nhieu kho khan Tung buoc giam su chenh lech ve dieu kien co so vat chat va trinh giao vien giua cac trudng thong - Day manh xa hoi hoa giao duc - dao tao, phat trien dich vu giao duc - dao tao trinh do, chat luong cao theo nhu cau xa hoi c) Ddi vdi hoat dong dau tir phat trien y te Phat trien he thong y te hoan chinh, vua cap vua chuyen sau nham dap ung tot nhu cau cham soc va bao ve sue khde nhan dan Thu Ha Noi, khu vuc phu can Phan dau den nam 2015 dat ty le 20 giudng benh/10.000 dan ( ke ca benh vien tuyen Trung uong la 34-35 giudng benh/ 10.000 dan) va khoang 25 giudng benh/10.000 dan nam 2020 (ke ca benh vien tuyen Trung uong la 41-42 giudng benh/10.000 dan) Cung co nang cap toan bo he thong y te co so tren dia ban dam bao dap ung thuan tien, nhanh chong voi chat luong dich vu tot nhat moi nhu cau cham soc suc khde thiet yeu cua ngudi dan ve kham chua benh, phong benh, phong dich d) Dinh hudng ve vOn ngan sach De dam bao phat trien theo dinh huong nhu tren, du kien nhu cau von dau tu toan xa hoi cua Ha Noi khoang 1.400-1.500 nghin ty dong thdi ky 201 1-2015 va khoang 2.500-2.600 nghin ty dong thdi ky 2016-2020 Ve co cau dau tu theo nguon von, du kien dau tu tu ngan sach Nha nuoc se giam dan theo tung giai doan (giai doan 2011-2015 la 18% va giai doan 2016-2020 la 16%) 4.3 Mot so giai phap co’ ban nham huy dong va snr dung hieu g ua hoat dong dau tu cong tren dia ban Ha Nsi De nang cao hieu qua hoat dong dau tu cong-cua Ha Noi thdi gian toi mot so giai phap chu yeu can duoc nghien cuu trien khai nhu sau: 90 A 4.3.1 Giai phap ve liuy dong vdn r Ngudn von dau tu cong (bao gom ca von ODA), ca tu ngan sach Trung uong va ngan sach Thanh danh chu yeu cho phat trien ket cau tang kinh te va xa hoi Do nhu cau von rat lon nhu da noi d tren nen du kien von dau tu cong se chi dap ung duoc khoang 16-18% nhu cau von dau tu theo tung giai doan De nang cao hieu qua nguon von dau tu tu ngan sach nha nuoc Thanh can co nhung giai phap nham tang ty le tich luy tu noi bo nen kinh te cua pho, tiep tuc tri toc tang trudng cao va co cac bien phap khuyen khich tiet kiem cho dau tu phat trien Ngoai ra: - Keu goi Trung uong dau tu vao cac cong trinh ket cau tang lon cua mang luoi giao thong, thuy loi, benh vien, trudng dai hoc, cac cong trinh ket cau tang quy mo vung tren dia ban Du kien nguon von dau tu tu ngan sach Trung uong dap ung 7-8% nhu cau von dau tu tren dja ban Thu - Tiep tuc tranh thu cac nguon tai tro ODA, NGO (ho tro cua cac to chuc phi Chinh phu), tap trung vao linh vuc xay dung ket cau tang ky thuat, bao ve moi trudng nhu he thong cap nuoc, thoat nuoc va xu ly nuoc thai, xu ly chat thai ran - Tang cudng khuyen khich cac ca nhan bo von de cung nha nuoc xay dung co sd tang nhu giao thong, thuy loi, cac cong trinh phuc vu cong cong, cac khu vui choi, giai tri, - Tang cudng cong tac thu - chi ngan sach tren dia ban cho co hieu qua nhat Day nhanh qua trinh tich luy noi bo, thuc hien tiet kiem san xuat va tieu lung Tap trung khai thac cac nguon thu tren dia ban, thuc hien thu dung, thu du, hu kip thdi, chong that thu thue cua nha nuoc - Nghien cuu trien khai phuong thuc phat hanh trai phieu thi, trai phieu ong trinh de thu hut von dau tu doi voi cac du an co sd tang quan trong; su ung Quy dau tu phat trien Thanh phoi hop cung voi cac to chuc tin dung thuc ien cac hinh thuc cho vay hop von doi voi cac du an phat trien san xuat-kinh Danh cua khu vuc kinh te tu nhan hoat dong cac nganh, linh vuc mui nhon tien phat trien Nang cao hieu qua dau tu chong lang phi that thoat dau tu tu ngan ch Nha nuoc Thuc hien long ghep cac nguon von cua cac Chuong trinh quoc gia, c du an ho tro cua quoc te de tao suc manh tong hop cua cac nguon von va nang d hieu qua von dau tu - Su dung hieu qua dat dai thong qua viec xay dung tot quy hoach su dung 91 dat; cdng khai, minh bach quy hoach sd dung dat, quy dat Tao quy dat “sach” (da den bu, giai phong mat bang) de dau gia quyen sd dung dat, tao nguon thu de phat trien mang luoi ket cau tang va cac cdng trinh phuc loi xa hoi Kien quyet thu hoi cac dien tich mat dat, mat nuoc de khdng hoac sd dung khdng hieu qua da giao cho cac co quan, to chuc, doanh nghiep truoc day de cho cac nha dau tu khac thue - Can thong nhat xay dung co che huy dong nguon luc cho du an dau tu cdng theo nguyen tac chia se: + Chia se ve loi ich giua nha nuoc voi nha dau tu; + Chia se ve rui ro giua nha nuoc voi nha dau tu; + Chia se ve trach nhiem giua nha nuoc voi nha dau tu Chi nao xay dung duoc mot co che minh bach ve loi ich; rui ro va trach nhiem thi moi co the huy dong duoc von Chung ta khdng so thieu von, co co che khuyen khich, minh bach de dau tu co hieu qua thuc su thi nha dau tu se tim den 4.3.2 Giai phap ve sir dung vdn dautir De sd dung hieu qua von dau tu cdng Ha Noi can thuc hien dong bo cac giai phap td khau chuan bi thuc hien du an den du an hoan a) Giai phap ve cong tac quy hoqch ke hoach hoa dir an dau tic cong - Sau Ha Noi da co quy hoach chung xay dung Thu dd den nam 2020, tam nhin 2030 thi Ha Noi can phai co quy hoach chi tiet tdng vung, tdng khu vuc nhat la cdng tac quy hoach xay dung, coi cdng tac quy hoach xay dung phai di truoc mot buoc tranh trung cheo, chap va, hieu qua dau tu thap gom: quy hoach xay dung vung, quy hoach xay dung dd thi va ndng thdn, quy hoach chi tiet, quy hoach xay dung chuyen nganh (giao thdng, dien, nuoc, ) De nang cao chat luong cdng tac quy hoach xay dung truoc het can phai xac dinh ro trach nhiem, nghia vu va co che phoi hop giua cac Sd, ban, nganh chuc nang cua Thanh Cdng khai lay y kien dong gop cua quan chung nhan dan tang cudng cdng tac tra, kiem tra viec chap hanh quy hoach, kien quyet xd ly cac trudng hop vi pham - Day manh cdng tac lap, soat, dieu chinh, nang cao chat luong cac quy hoach de dam bao tinh dong bo, phu hop voi quy hoach tong the phat trien kinh te xa hoi - - Nang cao chat luong cdng tac lap ke hoach vdn dau tu: chi lap bo tri von cho cac du an nam quy hoach xay dung duoc phe duyet, du dieu kien trien 92 khai thi cong xay lap dong thoi bd tri vdn phai sat vdi tien dir an tranh tinh trang bd tri vdn xa ddi muc tieu dir an tranh tinh trang tao khoi luong dd dang, chain dua cdng trinh vao sir dung, u dong vdn chain phat huy hieu qua Ke hoach vdn dau tu phai duoc thuc hien tir ngan sach Thanh phd den quan huyen xa phuong tren co sd ngudn vdn va theo hudng xuat phat tir nhu cau vdn dau tu tu cap co sd nham dam bao tinh thdng nhat tir Thanh phd den xa phuong ket hop vdi chu truong day manh phan cap quan ly dau tu hoat dong dau tu cdng Dong thdi phat huy vai tro quan ly Nha nudc cdng tac thanh, kiem tra viec thuc hien ke hoach vdn da duoc phe duyet Ke hoach vdn phai kha thi thi ke hoach sir dung vdn mdi thuc hien duoc Ddi vdi ke hoach hoa vdn dau tu vdi muc tieu dau tu tap trung phuc vu nhu cau phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua Thanh phd Can cu vao muc tieu phat trien kinh te ma chu yeu tap trung dau tu xay dung cac cdng trinh tang, cdng trinh diem tac dong true tiep den tang trudng va phat trien kinh te Chap hanh nghiem tuc quy dinh bd tri vdn cdng trinh nhom C la khdng qua nam, nhom B khdng qua nam Do dieu kien NSNN han che nen khau lap ke hoach vdn dau tu can theo hudng tam diem, sap xep theo thu tu uu tien vdi phuong chain dau tu den dau dua vao khai thac den dd b) Hoan thien cdng tac chuan bi dau tic va gidi phong mat bang *) Ddi vdi cdng tac chuan bi dau tu: - Ngoai nhung quy dinh da cd ve lap, tham dinh va phe duyet dir an thi can phai cd nhung quy dinh rd trach nhiem nhung ngudi dung dau cac td chuc nhu chu dau tu nha thau, don vi tu van, - Ke hoach vdn xay dung vdn cho du an can phai tri va nghiem chinh chap hanh; ke hoach chuan bi dau tu thuoc du an cdng hang nam can cd mot che bat buoc phai bd tri du vdn chuan bi dau tu nam ke hoach cho du an *) Ddi vdi cdng tac GPMB: -1 loan thien chinh sach den bii GPMB theo mot sd nguyen tac: + Viec den bu tai san de GPMB phai dam bao hai hoa loi ich nha nudc va td chuc, ca nhan cd lien quan + Ddi vdi cac du an phai thuc hien tai dinh cu thi phai dam bao cho d mdi bang hoac tdt hon cho d cu va phai tao dieu kien de ho cd diroc cdng an viec lam, on dinh ddi song noi d mdi + Ddi vdi gia dat den bu: cac cap chinh quyen ban hanh khung gia dat den bu 93 de ap dung thong nhat cho cac dir an dau tu tren dia ban Ngoai cung can ap dung he so cho tung khu vuc de tranh tinh trang khu vuc ben duoc den bu vdi gia cao nhung ben thi lai thap - Doi vdi cac du an cd cong tac den bu GPMB ldn thi can xay dung phuong an rieng va duoc phe duyet ddng thdi vdi phe duyet du an dau tu - Thanh lap co quan tham dinh gia den bu de thuc hien cong viec xac dinh gia den bu trudng hop hai ben khdng thoa thuan duoc gia den bu c) Nang cao chat lito'ng cong tac tu vdn lap bao cao dau tu, lap du an dau tu va tham dinh du an dau tu Chat luong cong tac tu van quyet dinh chat luong ho so dir an dau tu va anh hudng den toan bo qua trinh trien khai thuc hien du an dau tu De nang cao chat luong cong tac tu van khac phuc nhung han che hien tuong xay thdi gian qua doi vdi hoat dong dau tu cong ma nguyen nhan cong tac tu van, Thanh phd can phai thuc hien mot sd giai phap sau: - Don vi tu van phai duoc to chuc lai theo hudng chuyen mon hoa, chuyen nghiep hoa nang cao trinh chuyen mon nghiep vu, trau doi kinh nghiem doi ngu can bo tu van giam sat va tham dinh du an - Viec lira chon tu van phai tuan thu quy dinh cua Nha nudc, nen to chuc tuyen chon theo quy chuan (dau thau tuyen chon tu van) va chu dau tu phai chiu trach nhiem trudc phap luat ve nhung thiet hai viec lua chon don vi tu van khdng du dieu kien gay - Tang cudng cong tac tra kiem tra hoat dong cua cac to chirc tu van dac biet la tu van xay dung va cd nhung bien phap xu ly kip thdi theo quy dinh cua phap luat d) Nang cao chat luang quan ly thi edng cong trinh Nham nang cao hieu qua su dung vdn dau tu cong giai doan to chuc thi cong xay dung cong trinh thi trudc het can phai tuan thu chap hanh nghiem tuc cac quy dinh cua Nha nudc ve quan ly hoat dong dau tu xay dung Luat xay dung va cac quy dinh khac cd lien quan Tiep theo phai nang cao chat luong tham dinh dir an dau tu tham dinh dd an thiet ke (thiet ke co sd thiet ke ky thuat) can bo tham dinh phai cd trinh chuyen mon nghiep vu cao cd dao due nghe nghiep khdng duoc xay cac sai sot ve khdi luong ket cau dinh muc don gia, Cong tac thi cong phai thuc hien theo dung quy trinh quy pham cua phap luat va ke hoach da duoc duyet: thuc hien nghiem tuc viec giam sat cong trinh 94 giam sat chu dau tu giam sat thi cong xay lap Cac cong trinh phai treo bien thong bao don vi thi cong chu dau tu de nhan dan biet va tham gia giam sat Thuc hien nghiem tuc quy trinh quy dinh ve nghiem thu giai doan hang muc va nghiem thu cong trinh dua vao su dung phai co y kien cua cac ben co lien quan Neu qua trinh nghiep phat sinh van de can xu ly thi phai thuc hien theo quy dinh cua phap luat Thuc hien cong tac bao hanh bao tri tu cdng trinh de dam bao chat luong hieu qua su dung cong trinh Tang cudng trach nhiem cua chu dau tu viec quan ly chat luong cong trinh xay dung chong tinh trang tuyen chon nha thau nang luc kem dau thau hinh thuc va bo thau gia thap de duoc xay dung cong trinh co su co xay thi chu dau tu dung ngoai cuoc; cham dut tinh trang mua thau ban thau thong thau gian doi viec chung nhan khoi luong va chat luong cong trinh Dong thdi cung phai tang cudng cong tac quan ly nha nude ve chat luong cong trinh cung co va kien toan bo may quan ly; day manh cong tac tra kiem tra xay dung tren dia ban tang cudng doi ngu can bo tra xay dung ca ve so luong va chat luong; xu ly nghiem minh cac to chuc ca nhan vi pham nguyen tac quan ly xay dung co ban gay that thoat lang phi von dau tu NSNN e) Day nhanh tien giai ngan, nang cao chat twang quyet toan von thin tit Cong tac quyet toan von dau tu can phai co su phoi hop chat che dong bo giua co quan cap phat von toan vdn va don vi chu dau tu Ban quan ly du an viec kiem tra doi chieu xac nhan so lieu von dau tu da cap phat toan cho cong trinh Dong thdi nang cao y thuc trach nhiem cua don vi nhan thau viec cung chu dau tu giai quyet dut diem cac van de ton tai theo hop dong da ky ket trudc hoan thien ho so quyet toan Den thang hang nam nhung du an khong giai ngan von dau tu se dieu chuyen von yeu cau chu dau tu manh dan cat hop dong vdi nhung nha thau yeu nang luc khong dap ung duoc yeu cau nhu da cam ket Khong thuc hien che cap phat- toan tam ung cho ke hoach nhung nam sau gia tri khoi luong hoan thuoc nam ke hoach chua duoc cap phatthanh toan von nhu hien Quy dinh thong nhat doi vdi tat ca cac du an nam thuc hien ke hoach co gia tri khoi luong theo tung phan hoan co thiet ke co ke hoach nam co bien ban nghiem thu giua chu dau tu va to chuc nhan thau 95 theo hop dong da ky ket se dupe cap phat toan von dau tir Khi co khoi luong hoan du dieu kien cap phat von ma chu dau tir va cac td chuc nhan thau cd tinh khdng lam thu tuc cap phat- toan se bi phat 4.3.3 Gidi phap ve tang cudng cdng tac quan ly dau tu- cdng a) Ve bd may to chuc va can bo Ddi mdi cdng tac quan ly can bo, cdng chuc phu hop vdi qua trinh phat trien kinh te xa hoi Xac dinh co cau can bo cdng chuc hop ly gan vdi chuc nang nhiem vu cac co quan hanh chinh don vi sir nghiep Hoan thien che tuyen dung can bo cdng chuc, thuc hien quy che mdi ve danh gia khen thudng, ky luat ddi vdi can bo cdng chuc noi chung cd lTnh vuc dau tu XDCB noi rieng Cai each tien luong va cac che chinh sach dai ngo ddi vdi cdng chirc, cai each he thdng thang bang luong tren co sd xem xet tinh chat va dac diem lao dong cua cac loai can bo cdng chuc Sira ddi bd sung cac quy dinh ve che phu cap ngoai luong; ban hanh va thirc hien che tien thudng ddi vdi can bo hoan xuat sac nhiem vu Dao tao bdi dudng lai can bo cdng chuc, td chuc lai he thdng co sd dao tao; ket hop dao tao chinh quy vdi cac hinh thuc dao tao khac, khuyen khich can bo cdng chuc tir hoc cd sir giup cua Nha nudc Ddi mdi bo may quan ly tai chinh theo hudng chat lupng hieu luc va hieu qua hoan thien hoat dong giam sat tai chinh Day manh cai each hanh chinh cdng, tang cudng ky luat chap hanh, su dung NSNN qua ho so + Tiep tuc cai each thu tuc hanh chinh cac khau cac cdng doan qua trinh tridn khai thu tuc ddu tu XDCB; tap trung vao mot sd khau: quy hoach tham dinh phe duyet du an dau tu - Cai each bo may hanh chinh: Ra soat lam rd chuc nang nhiem vu cua cac co quan hanh chinh nha nudc, sap xep lai bo may hanh chinh; tach chuc nang quan ly kinh doanh khoi chuc nang quan ly nha nudc cua cac Sd de cac Sd tap trung vao 96 nhiem vu quan ly nha nudc - Xay dung, cung co doi ngu can bo cong chuc hanh chinh: tap trung boi duong, giao duc ve dao duc phong cach, ky nang, nghiep vu cho doi ngu can bo cong chuc; xay dung quy che quan ly dao tao, boi duong can bo cong chuc, bao dam noi dung thiet thuc, dong bo giua dao tao va su dung Nang cao nang luc cua he thong quan ly dau tu tu den quan huyen, xa phuong c) Day manh phan cap, uy quyen quan ly dau tic va cay dung Ve nguyen tac phan cap quan ly dau tu: Moi la, thuc hien phan cap quan ly dau tu tren co so gan lien vdi phan cap ngan sach va phan cap nhiem vu phat trien kinh te xa hoi, gan phan cap vdi nhiem vu chi XDCB vdi phan cap nguon thu ngan sach cho cac cap Phai lay xuat phat diem tu tu phan cap quan ly nha nudc theo chuc nang nhiem vu cua cac cap chinh quyen ma trudc het la nhiem vu quan ly phat trien kinh te xa hoi, an ninh quoc phdng giua cac nganh, cac cap de nghien cuu de xuat phan cap ngan sach va phan cap quan ly dau tu xay dung Thu hai, thuc hien uy quyen cho cac co quan chuyen mon thuc hien mot so noi dung, cong viec cua UBND cac cap Tuy nhien tranh khuynh hudng uy quyen tran lan de dan den tinh trang phan tan, dan trai va quan ly kem gay that thoat, lang phi dau tu Thu ba, phan cap quan ly dau tu XDCB cho chinh quyen cac cap phai vua dam bao mo rong quyen chu dong cho cap dudi, vua dam bao su quan ly chat che va su dung dong von cho hieu qua; dam bao ngan sach tap trung cua giu vai trd chu dao Viec phan cap chi dau tu XDCB phai tren co so ket hop quan ly nganh vdi quan ly theo lanh tho gan nhiem vu dau tu vdi quan ly, su dung va khai thac sau dau tu Mot sd giai pl dp cu the nhu' sau: - Tang cuong thuc hien cong tac giam sat danh gia dau tu Phan cong, phan cap va xac dinh ro trach nhiem giua cac So, nganh, quan huyen va chu dau tu viec thuc hien giam sat, danh gia dau tu va dinh ky bao cao giam sat danh gia dau tu theo quy dinh - Thuc hien phan cap gan vdi tang cuong cong tac kiem tra, kiem soat de phdng ngua, phat hien va kip thoi uon nan nhung lech lac, sai pham qua trinh thuc hien dau tu Thuc hien tra kip thoi, dot xuat theo yeu cau cua UBND nham giam bdt nhung sai sot dau-tu - Viec cac du an dung von NSNN: nguoi quyet dinh dau tu chi duoc quyet dinh dau tu da ro nguon von dau tu cho du an va pham vi can doi ngan 97 sach cap minh Doi vdi nhung du an can co su ho tro tir ngan sach cap tren phai co y kien thoa thuan bang van ban cua co quan cap tren - Thanh can co che phan dinh ro vi tri cua nhung ngudi quan ly du an, tach bach rd chuc nang quan ly du an vdi chuc nang la ngudi dung dau cac co quan don vi, khong de mot ngudi kiem nhiem nhieu vi tri d nhieu linh vuc khac d) Nang cao chat luong cdng tac kiem tra, tra sir dung vdn dau tie cdng - Xac dinh rd trach nhiem cua cac ben viec trien khai cdng tac kiem tra, tra su dung vdn Muc dich cua cdng tac la kiem tra, ngan ngira chan chinh cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat cua don vi, ca nhan cd lien quan - Cdng tac kiem tra tra phai duoc thuc hien thudng xuyen va toan dien suot qua trinh thuc hien du an dau tu qua tat ca cac khau va tat ca cac doi tuong lien quan den du an, dong thdi ket hop vdi viec kiem tra dot xuat de dam bao tinh khach quan Ngoai ra, cung can phai khuyen khich phat huy cdng tac giam sat cong dong va cdng khai tai chinh dau tu, gop phan quan trong viec phat hien nhung viec lam gay that thoat lang phi tai san Nha nudc va lam giam hieu qua dau tu cua du an 4.3.4 Mot so giai phap khac a) Do ngudn vdn cd han nen can phai rd soat cat, giam hoac gian tien nhung dir an chua can thiet tap trung vdn cho nhung cdng trinh diem, cdng trinh mang tinh cap bach, cdng trinh cd tinh chat lan toa de tao dieu kien cho vung phat trien Kien quyet loai bd nhung du an khdng co tinh kha thi khdng hieu qua de giam thieu lang phi muc thap nhat Ngoai cung can bd tri ngudn vdn cho du an mot each tinh gon, tranh tinh trang du an duoc bd tri qua nhieu ngudn gay phuc tap cho viec theo doi va cap phat dieu chinh ke hoach b) Tdng cudng cdng tac hoi dudng, dao tao can bo lam cdng tac quan ly dau tu, quan ly tai chinh du an dau tu cdng Trong viec nang cao trinh chuyen mon, nghiep vu cua doi ngu can bo lam cdng tac quan ly truoc mat edn tap trung vao mot sd giai phap sau: - Cd chidn luge dao tao chi tidt va dao tao lai doi ngu can bo quan ly Nha nude linh vuc cho phu hop vdi doi hoi thuc tien - Cdn khuydn khich va phat trien doi ngu tu vdn, giam sat thiet ke cd trinh theo hudng chuyen nghiep hoa, chuyen mon hoa theo the manh cua tung ngudi va su dung can bo thdng qua hinh thirc thi tuyen 98 - Cong tac dao tao can bd can phai thirc hien thudng xuyen, cap nhat kidn thuc mdi ve quan ly dir an, dau tu xay dung cdng trinh dap ung duoc yeu cau cdng viec c) Tao ca sa day manh cdng tac xa hoi hoa dau tw bat ngudn tic cdng tac dau tw XDCB tic ngan sach Trong thdi gian qua phd da manh dan giao ddt cho cac doanh nghiep dau tu cac tuyen dudng mdi duoc ket hop xay dung cac cdng trinh kinh doanh doc hai ben dudng tao canh quan kien true va ve mat thi duoc ddi mdi tang them co sd vat chat, thuc day nganh kinh doanh dich vu phat trien sau se thu duoc thue gop phan tang thu cho ngan sach Cd co che khuyen khich, ho tro cac doanh nghiep van tai dau tu vao giao thdng cdng cong (xe buyt) tao lan song dau tu vao linh vuc cdng cong, giam ganh nang ngan sach dau tu nhung van phat huy duoc hieu qua kinh te hieu qua xa hoi d) Day nhanh tien dw an: De thuc day tien thuc hien cac dir an, chung ta edn tap trung vao viec giai quyet nhung vudng mac khau GPMB: nang cao chat luong tu van tham dinh, phe duyet cac noi dung cua du an va vai tro trach nhiem cua chu ddu tu Giai phap cu the, can tap trung vao cdng tac GPMB; nang cao chat lupng tu van va tham dinh, phe duyet cac noi dung cua dir an, e) Day manh ling dung cdng nghe thdng tin quan ly noi chung va quan ly cac du an dau tu cdng noi rieng Tang cudng dau tu co so vat chat cdng nghe thdng tin (phan cung phan mem), nang cao trinh tin hoc cho doi ngu can bo cdng chuc Ket noi mang cac co quan don vi cua toan phd de phuc vu cdng tac cap nhat, cung cap thdng tin khai thac sir dung tai nguyen thdng tin chung dap ung yeu cau nhiem vu quan ly f) Chu dong phat hien tieu ctcc, tham nhung, lang phi dau tw cdng, kien quyet xic ly triet de cac sai pham xay g) Thwc hien nghiem che khen thwang, ky luat viec thuc hien chi tieu ke hoach giao Viec thirc hien cac chi tieu kinh te xa hoi vdi chi tieu dau tu XDCB (trien khai cdng tac chuan bi dau tu dam bao tien va giai ngan cac du an thuc hien theo kd hoach hoan tdt cdng tac quyet toan, ) la can cu danh gia thi dua cua cac don vi 4.4 Mot so kien nghi De gop phan trien khai thang loi Nghi quyet sd 11-NQ/TW cua Bo Chinh tri ve phat trien Thu dd Ha Noi sdm dua Ha Noi tro trung tam kinh te-xa hoi, 99 dau tau kinh te co tac dong lan toa doi vdi khu vuc ddng bang Song Hong, kinh de nghi Chinh phu va cac Bo nganh: - Chinh phu can sua doi cac noi dung phap luat, chinh sach ve dau tu, xay dung Viec sua doi cac noi dung khong ddng bo, thieu nhat quan, bo sung cac noi dung cdn thieu; sua doi cac quy dinh bat cap, chua ro rang lien quan den thu tuc dau tu, xay dung va kinh doanh la rat can thiet Sua doi Luat Xay dung, Luat Dau tu, Luat Dat dai, va cac thong tu lien quan theo hudng nhat quan, tranh chong cheo Chinh phu can sdm hoan thien va trinh du thao Luat Dau tu cong de Quoc hoi thong qua, lam co sd cho viec quan ly thuc hien qua trinh dau tu duoc thong nhat, ddng bo, tu khau lap ke hoach, chuong trinh du an dau tu den qua trinh thuc hien va nghiem thu, ban giao dua du an vao khai thac va su dung - Co che chinh sach can phai ddng bo va co tinh on dinh; tang cudng tinh khach quan cong tac giam dinh dau tu va co bien phap tich cuc giup nha thau viec quyet toan - Sdm trien khai va day nhanh tien cac cong trinh diem va ket cau tang lien tinh, quoc te nhu dudng cao toc Ha Noi - Hai Phdng; dudng cao toc Ha Noi - Lao Cai; dau tu md rong san bay Noi Bai; xay dung khu cong nghe cao Hoa Lac, - Cho phep Ha Noi chu dong huy dong cac nguon von de dau tu ket cau tang vdi muc huy dong toi da bang 70% du toan dau tu XDCB duoc Hoi ddng nhan dan Thanh quyet dinh hang nam (khong ke cac khoan chi tu ngudn Trung uong bo sung va khoan chi ma Trung uong uy quyen) - U’u tien dau tu ngan sach Trung uong nham tao budc dot pha xay dung co sd tang cac khu cong nghe cao khu cong nghiep cong nghe thong tin va cac Trudng Dai hoc - Thi diem giao cho Thanh lam chu dau tu truc tiep quan ly, dieu hanh cac du an dau tu tu ngan sach trung uong tren dia ban Thanh theo Trung uong thuc hien bo sung co muc tieu cho ngan sach dia phuong de trien khai thuc hien theo phe duyet cua trung uong khong cap von qua cac Bo, nganh trung uong nhu hien - Doi vdi nganh thong ke, can phai tach bach ro cac ngudn von chia theo nganh kinh te nhat la cac ngudn von co ngudn goc mang tinh chat cong 100 Doi vdi Uy ban nhan dan Thanh va cac co' quan chuc nang: - Tiep tuc xay dung chien luoc huy dong nguon luc cho dau tu phat trien, dac biet chu chien luoc huy dong va su dung von dau tu phu hop vdi quy hoach phat trien tong the thu den nam 2030 Muon vay, Thanh phO phai cu the hoa mo hinh phat trien Thu theo quy hoach tong the - Day nhanh tien quy hoach chi tiet va ban giao qui hoach chi tiet thi cho cac quan huyen quan ly - De nghi Uy ban nhan dan chi dao cac co quan chuc nang thudng xuyen giao ban dinh ky de nam bat duoc tinh hinh thuc hien dau tu cua cac BQL; hang nam to chuc cac ldp boi dudng nghiep vu lien quan den quan ly du an dau tu cua nha nudc; nghien cuu quy dinh bat buoc doi vdi viec hudng dan, chuyen giao tri thuc quan ly su dung cong trinh dau tu doi vdi cac doi tuong thu hudng va cac doi tuong co lien quan van hanh ket qua dau tu./ 101 KET LUAN Ket qua thirc hien nhung nam qua cho thay de co duoc Ha Noi nhir hien phai ke den sir dong gop khong nhd tir ngudn vdn ngan sach nha nudc Khdng chi gop phan lam tang GDP cua Ha Noi noi rieng va cua ca nudc noi chung ma gop phan giai quyet nhieu van de dan sinh, tao them nhieu cdng an viec lam cho ngudi lao dong, nang cao muc song cua ngudi dan Ha Noi; cai thien he thdng giao thdng, co sd vat chat md cho Ha Noi nhieu co hoi phat trien hon nua De Ha Noi trd mot Thanh phd dich vu-cong nghiep phat trien manh hon nua va thuc hien duoc cac muc tieu dat thi van de quan nhat la can cd nhung chinh sach, bien phap thu hut va su dung hieu qua ngudn vdn dau tu tir ngan sach nha nudc Thirc te nhung nam qua hieu qua ngudn vdn ngan sach vao cac nganh chua tuong xirng vdi nhu cau phat trien cua xa hoi Ngudn vdn ngan sach nha nudc cd vai trd quan trong viec dinh hudng va dau tu phat trien cho cac lTnh vuc quan ddi vdi su phat trien chung cua toan bo nen kinh te Trude nhung thach thuc rat gay gat va canh tranh quyet liet nhat la bdi sir nghien cuu, xem xet mot each nghiem tuc den co che, chinh sach, va viec thuc hien trien khai cac hoat dong dau tu phat trien sir dung vdn ngan sach tren dia ban phd Tir dd dua duoc nhung quyet sach phu hop va dung dan dua hoat dong dau tu noi rieng va hoat dong phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua phd noi chung len mot tam cao mdi Dd cung chinh la van de ma de tai quan tam 102 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • Vu Tuan Anh Nguyen Quang Thai (2011), Dau tir cong: Thirc trang va i ca cau, NXB Tu dien Bach Khoa Do Gioan Hao Bai giang dau tir edng Ky yeu hoi thao (2012) Dau tir edng, na cong: Thirc trang va khuyen ghi Ngo Thang Loi - TS Phan Thi Nhiem (2009), Giao trinh kinh te phat rien, NXB Lao dong - Xa hoi Nguyen Bach Nguyet, PGS.TS Tir Quang Phuong (2010), Giao trinh Kinh te dau tir, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan Nien giam Thanh phd Ha Noi cac nam 2008, 2009, 2010 2011 Nien giam Tong cue Thong ke cac nam 2008 2009, 2010, 2011 Sach Ket qua dieu tra doanh nghiep nam 2006-2010 So Ke hoach va dau tu Ha Noi, Cong thong tin dien tu, http://hapi.gov.vn 10 Nguyen Dire Thanh (2012) Bao cao thirdng nien kinh te 2012 - Doi dien thdeh thirc tai ca cau kinh te, NXB Dai hoc quoc gia Ha Noi 11 Su Dinh Thanh - TS Bui Thi Mai Hoai (2009), Ly thuyet Tai chinh cong, NXB Dai hoc Qudc gia TP Ho Chi Minh 12 Ths Pham Minh Hoa Cue Quan ly cong san - Bo Tai chinh Kinh te va Du bao “Nang cao hieu qua dau tu phat trien bang ngudn vdn ngan sach Nha nudc” 13 Thu tudng Chinh phu (2011), Quyet dinh sd: 1081/QD-TTg 06 thdng nam 2011 ve viec "Phe duyet Quy hoach tong the phat trien kinh te - xa hoi phd Ha Noi den nam 2020, dinh hirang den nam 2030 14 Bao dien tu: www.tapchitaichinh.vn 15 Website cua Bao dien tu Dai doan ket: www.daidoanket.vn 16 Website cua Bao dien tu Tien Phong: www.tienphong.vn 17 Website cua bao dien tu: vnexpress.net 18 Website cua Cong ty Chinh phu truyen thong VN: www.cafef.vn 19 Website cua Cong ty CP truyen thdng da phuong tien: www.vtc.vn
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