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IH TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN PHAM THE CUdNG rrn I iiivir a >t rani li an|1 v/a KI wi m i a \ r r quan co the nam bat cu dau dia phan Nam Phi va chi co mot nguyen tac chung la kho phai dam bao an toan hang hoa, chong chay, chong mat cap va co phong lam viec cho can bo hai quan lam viec 3.2.2 Cac kien nghi doi vdi doanh nghiep va hiep hoi •>, > r r O cap doanh nghiep, da so cac doanh nghiep nudc ta van nhieu han che can trd viec md rong hoat dong kinh doanh vdi the gidi ben ngoai, co thi trudng Nam Phi Theo cac chuyen gia kinh te, nhung han che cua doanh nghiep the hien d cac khia canh chu yeu sau: 1- Chua nam vung ve luat phap, quy dinh, thong le buon ban quoc te; 2- Thieu thong tin thi trudng; 3- Nang luc tiep can thi trudng yeu; 4- Cong nghe san xuat lac hau dan den nang suat va chat luong thap; 5- It su dung chat xam; 6- Chua tap trung diu tu cho nghien cuu phat trien; 7- Kien thuc va kinh nghiem quan ly lac hau; 8- Han che hoat dong dao tao; 9- Chua su dung rong rai cong nghe thong tin Nhung han che noi tren tat nhien cung gay kho khan khong nho cho cac doanh nghiep nudc ta muon md rong buon ban vdi thi trudng Nam Phi Nam Phi la mot thi trudng co tinh canh tranh quyet liet cao Cac nudc khu vuc nhu Trung Quoc, Thai Lan, Indonesia vdi co cau mat hang xuat khau nhin chung giong ta nhung da co mat tai Nam Phi tu trudc, it nhieu tao duoc cho dung vung •> r r •> r chac Gia ban cac san pham xuat khau cua nhung nudc cung thap hon ta, ho lai co nang luc tai chinh, cong tac tiep thi, phan phoi san pham tot hon cac doanh nghiep nudc ta, nen de dang dap ung duoc nhung yeu cau cua ddi tac Nam Phi Vi vay, de phat trien buon ban vdi khu vuc thi trudng (cung nhu vdi moi khu vuc thi trudng khac), ngoai nhung no luc dan dudng tu phia Chinh phu va cac co quan quan ly Nha nudc, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam cung phai co nhung budc di rieng cho minh De day manh xuat khiu sang thi trudng Nam Phi, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can chu y den cac van de sau: 93 3.2.2.1 Tap trung phat trien nganh hang xuat khau phu hop vai thi truong Nam Phi Thuc te cho thay, tiem nang nhap khau cua cac nudc Nam Phi rat da dang phong phu, thi chung loai mat hang ma nudc ta xuat khau sang thi trudng van don dieu, tap trung qua nhidu vao mot so nong san va hang cdng r a nghiep nhe Rieng gao, ca phe, det may va giay dep da chiem mot ty rat ldn Tuy vay, vdi mat hang gao chung ta cung chua khai thac het tiem nang cua cac thi trudng Ching han Nam Phi nhap khau chu yeu mat hang gao dd thi nudc ta lai chua the dap ung Vi vay, de tri tang trudng xuat khau on dinh sang cac nudc Nam Phi, doanh nghiep nudc ta phai chu dong phat trien nganh hang xuat khau theo hai hudng Thu nhat la phai da dang hoa san pham xuat khau, Thu hai la phai nang cao tinh canh tranh cua tung san phim xuat khau ve gia ca, mau ma, chat luong Canh tranh ve gia san pham dang la diem yeu cua cac doanh nghiep nudc ta trudc cac doi thu khu vuc dac biet la Trung Quoc, tren thi trudng Nam Phi Ben canh viec doi mdi cdng nghe, cac doanh nghiep nudc ta can chu khau thiet ke san pham, gia tang gia tri su dung cua san pham chu khong phu thuoc hoan toan vao cdng nghe san xuat, dac biet doi vdi cac nganh hang chung ta dang cd the manh xuat khau sang Nam Phi nhu nong san, hang det may, giay dep Dac biet r r < viec thiet ke mau ma va nang cao gia tri su dung cho san pham xuat khau sang Nam Phi, nhat thiet cac doanh nghiep phai nang dong, sang tao, nam bat duoc nhung yeu to ton giao, van hoa cua thi trudng ma minh hudng tdi de tao cho san pham hap dan khac biet so vdi nhung san pham canh tranh Day dang la diem yeu cua cac doanh nghiep nudc ta neu so vdi mot sd doi thu khu vuc nhu Trung Quoc hay Thai Lan Song song vdi viec dua vao thi trudng Nam Phi nhung san pham cd tinh canh tranh, cac doanh nghiep can chu y xay dung thuong hieu san pham Day la mot gia tri dac biet tao nen cho dung lau dai cho doanh nghiep tren thi trudng Thuang hieu dugc ngudi tieu dung tin nhiem se lam cho ho yen tam su 94 dung, tao thuan loi cho viec phan phoi, xam nhap nhung mang thi trudng mdi, thu hut dau tu Can phai noi them la doi vdi doanh nghiep, thuong hieu co the dem den cong, nhung cung co the la that bai Vi vay dau tu cho thuong hieu doi hoi ca ve tai chinh lan tri tue, phai duoc tinh toan chudn bi ky luong ca xay dung thuong hieu lan quang ba thuong hieu Cd thuong hieu tot chinh la mot dieu kien de phat trien kinh doanh ben vung, dac biet la d nhung thi trudng mdi me nhu Nam Phi 3.2.2.2 Day manh cong tac xuc tien thuong mai tai thi trudng Nam Phi Cong tac xuc tien thuong mai cua cac doanh nghiep nudc ta tai thi trudng Nam Phi chua duoc quan tam dung muc Mac du thdi gian qua, mot so doanh nghiep da tham gia thap tung lanh dao tai cac chuyen tham chinh thuc, hoac tu to chuc di nghien cuu thi trudng, tham gia hoi cho, trien lam quoc te td chuc tai Nam Phi nhung nhin chung cac hoat dong mang tinh tu phat va thdi vu, chua phat huy duoc hieu qua nhu mong doi Trong cong tac xuc tien thuong mai tai Nam Phi can chu y den mot sd noi dung sau: - Thu thap va xu ly thong tin Tinh trang thidu thong tin dang la trd ngai ldn viec phat trien buon ban giua nudc ta vdi Nam Phi Da sd cac doanh nghiep biet rat it ve thi trudng Nam Phi Vi vay, muon md rong buon ban sang Nam Phi, nhat thiet cac doanh nghiep phai nang cao kha nang thu thap va xu ly thong tin Nguon thong tin ldn nhat chinh la di tham nhap thuc dia Tu nhung chuyen di thuc td, cac doanh nghiep cd the tim duoc co hoi kinh doanh d thi trudng Nam Phi, tim hidu xem nguoi tieu dung sd tai can loai hang gi, sd thich va sue mua cua ho sao, nhung mat hang nao thi doanh nghiep cua minh cd the dap ung Nhung chuyen di nhu vay khong the “cudi ngua xem hoa” ma doi hoi phai mat nhieu thdi gian, cong sue va ca tien cua Khi da sang den tan noi, bang nhieu each thuc khac nhau, cac doanh nghiep phai gap cho duoc tir cac quan chuc chinh phu, cac doanh 95 nghiep cho d£n tan nguoi dan, tham chi xuong ca nhung vung xa xoi heo lanh, co nhu vay cac chuyen di moi phat huy hieu qua can luu y la nhung chuyen di tham Z A 7 nhap thuc dia khong chi dem lai thong tin ve cac co hoi xuat khau ma ca nhap khau A z Mot nguon cung cap thong tin quan la cac co quan quan ly Nha nuoc nhu Bo Cong Thuong cung voi cac don vi chuc nang Cac doanh nghiep cung phai chu dong lien lac voi cac Thuong vu, co quan dai dien cua Viet Nam o Nam Phi Ngoai ra, can theo doi sat thong tin tu Phong Thuong mai va Cong nghiep Viet Nam, tu cac Hiep hoi nganh hang Dong thoi, can khai thac cac nguOn thong tin tu nuoc ngoai nhu Dai su quan, Thuong vu Nam Phi tai Viet Nam Thong tin tren mang Internet cung cang quan De khai thac co hieu qua, doanh nghiep phai xac dinh dung nhu cau thong tin cua minh, va dung dia A A chi trang Web can tim Tuy nhien, nguon thong tin khong phai luc nao cung dang tin cay Nhin chung, nhung giao dich lan dau voi thi truong Nam Phi, doanh nghiep can tham khao y kien cua cac don vi chuc nang cua Bo Cong Thuong hoac cac Bo, nganh lien quan, hoac nho Co quan dai dien ngoai giao va thuong mai Viet Nam o nuoc so dieu tra thong tin ve doi tac Voi nhung hop dOng lon va co Z Z A tinh kha thi, doanh nghiep co the sang truc tiep nuoc so tai de gap doi tac dOng thoi ket hop tham thi truong - Quang ba san pham va thuong hieu Mac du den da co nhieu an pham gioi thieu ve dat nuoc, nguoi Viet Nam nhung van qua it an pham ve nganh hang, ve san pham xuat khau co the manh cua nuoc ta, ve thuong hieu Viet Nam duoc gioi thieu o nuoc ngoai, va o Nam Phi thi lai cang it Thoi gian toi, thong qua Thuong vu hoac co quan dai dien A ngoai giao cua Viet Nam tai Nam Phi, cac doanh nghiep can chu dong day manh A cong tac quang ba san pham va thuong hieu cua minh tren thi truong so tai nhieu hon nua, duoi nhieu hinh thuc khac nhau, cho doi tuong la cac co quan quan ly Nha nuoc cung nhu cac doanh nghiep Nam Phi Gan day, mot so doanh nghiep nuoc ta da chu dong mo trang web tren mang A Z Internet de quang cao, gioi thieu ve san pham cua minh, song so luong it va 96 chat luong chua cao, can phai duoc tang cuong hon nua Cac trang web cua doanh nghiep duoc coi nhu nhung trung tam thong tin, van phong dai dien va cua hang ban le cua doanh nghiep moi noi, moi luc Trong do, chi phi tri van phong ao rat thap neu so sanh voi chi phi cho mot van phong dai dien thuc su ngoai Doi voi thi truong xa xoi nhu Nam Phi thi cac trang web lai cang tiet kiem nhieu chi phi quang ba san pham va thuong hieu cho doanh nghiep Can luu y la doi voi nhung san pham it nhieu da tao duoc cho dung tren thi truong Nam Phi, doanh nghiep nuoc ta can som dang ky thuong hieu va cac noi dung co lien quan khac voi co quan co thim quyen cua nuoc s6 tai de tranh nhung rac roi khong can thiet ve sau - Tham du hoi cho, trien lam Nhin chung, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam deu da nhan thuc duoc tam quan cua viec tham gia cac hoi cho, trien lam quoc te Tuy nhien thuc te thoi gian qua cho thay, khong xac dinh ro muc tieu tham gia hoi cho, trien lam, chua gan muc tieu tham gia voi chinh sach mat hang va chien luoc phat trien cua doanh nghiep hoac nhung han che ve mat kinh phi nen hoat dong quang ba san pham, kiem tim doi tac thong qua tham gia hoi cho trien lam quoc te cua doanh nghiep nuoc ta nhieu bat cap, chua dat duoc hieu qua nhu mong muon Dac biet la tham gia cac hoi cho, trien lam Nam Phi thi hieu qua lai cang thap Da so lan to chuc trien lam hoac tham gia hoi cho, trien lam, chung ta chua vuot duoc tinh trang gioi thieu “cac san phim truyen thong” cua mot so doanh nghiep nhat dinh va ket thuc hoi cho, trien lam, chi ban, gioi thieu duoc mot so san pham va ky duoc mot s6 it hop d6ng De tham gia hoi cho, trien lam Nam Phi dat ket qua tot, doanh nghiep can luu y it nhat bon van de: Muc dich va doi tuong (cho doi tac hay nguoi tieu dung, de gioi thieu va ban hang hay gioi thieu va kiem tim doi tac, ); quy mo hoi cho, trien lam dinh tham gia, dia diem tham gia; nhung mat hang ma doanh nghiep tham 97 gia va; kinh phi tham gia Theo tac gia, doanh nghiep can nhan thuc day du nhung yeu to tren day thi ket qua se khac hon Co the ke mot so cuoc tri£n lam quoc te duoc td chuc thuong nien ma doanh nghiep nudc ta can quan tam nhu trien lam Saitex (Nam Phi) Khi tham gia cac trien lam, hoi cho d Nam Phi, doanh nghiep co the nho Thuong vu tai giup ve thong tin, ve cac thu tuc tham du cung nhu ho tro cac hoat dong tai chd Z Rieng ve mat kinh phi, thong qua cac hiep hoi, doanh nghiep phai biet tan dung su ho tro kinh phi tu cac chuong trinh xuc tien thuong mai quoc gia hoac dia phuong - Nghien cuu lap Trung tam thuong mai tai Nam Phi Trong Nha nudc chua md Trung tam thuong mai d Nam Phi, cac doanh nghiep nudc ta cung cd th£ tu minh md cac trung tam thuong mai, hoac cac showroom vdi quy md nho hon, de gidi thieu san pham va lam dia diem giao dich r r r Day la mot hinh thuc xuc tien thuong mai tuong doi mdi doi vdi doanh nghiep, nhung lai cd hieu qua cao neu duoc nghien cuu ky luong De md trung tam thuong mai hoac showroom d thi trudng Nam Phi, hoan canh tiem luc ve tai chinh, ve nguoi cung nhu trinh kinh nghiem cua cac doanh nghiep nudc ta chua cao, doanh nghiep nudc co the lien doanh lien ket vdi nhau, hoac hop tac vdi cac doi tac Nam Phi, hoac hop tac vdi cong dong nguoi Viet d nudc sd tai Tac gia kien nghi trudc mat doanh nghiep cd the chon Nam Phi lam dia ban thu nghiem de md trung tam thuong mai hoac showroom, vi nudc cd nen kinh te tuong doi phat trien, co sd tang tot, phap luat 6n dinh, hon nua lai cd Su quan va Thuong vu nudc ta 3.2.2.3 Tang cudng vai trd cua cac hiep hoi nganh hang va su hop tac giua cac doanh nghiep O nudc ta da xuat hien rat nhieu hiep hoi nganh hang, nhung chi vai nam gan day, kho khan sinh cang nhieu doi vdi cac doanh nghiep, cung vdi tac dong cua cac cuoc chien thuong mai quoc te, chung ta mdi nhan thuc day du va sau sac vai trd cua hiep hoi, tu viec dung giai quyet kien cao cho doanh 98 nghiep den viec dieu tiet thu hoach san pham, an dinh gia san san pham, dua cac tieu chuan ve san pham de bao ve quyen loi cho hoi vien r ? Rieng doi voi Nam Phi, cac hiep hoi can co nhung hanh dong cu the de ho tro cho doanh nghiep tham nhap thi truong Nam Phi, dac biet ddi vdi nhung nganh hang chung ta co the manh xuat khau tai thi trudng nhu gao, ca phe, det may, giay dep Chang han cac hiep hoi co the lap cac quy hd tro san xuat, ? r r r xuat khau hay quy bao hiem xuat khau cua rieng hiep hoi, co nhung co che rieng giup cho hoi vien buon ban vdi thi trudng Nam Phi Nguon von cho nhung quy nay, ngoai mot phan kinh phi Chinh phu hd tro, chu yeu se cac hoi vien dong gop, vdi mot dinh muc dong gop hang nam theo ty le tren doanh thu Cac hiep hoi cung can day manh cong tac xuc tien thuong mai tren thi trudng Nam Phi cho cac doanh nghiep, dac biet la thong qua cac chuong trinh xuc tien r thuong mai quoc gia Cac hiep hoi cung phai quan tam dong vien tinh than hop tac giua cac hoi vien Qua trinh canh tranh giua cac doanh nghiep khong co nghia la choi bo su hop tac, ma cac doanh nghiep, vdi tu each la nhung bo phan hop nen kinh te quoc r r r dan thong nhat, phai xem hop tac la bien phap quan de han che nhung mat tieu cue cua co che canh tranh Su hop tac giua cac doanh nghiep can dupe day manh van de thong tin ve cac co hoi kinh doanh, ve kinh nghiem lam an d thi trudng Nam Phi Dac biet, de tham nhap thi trudng Nam Phi giai doan dau, cac doanh nghiep can lien ket viec gop von md kho ngoai quan, md showroom, phoi hop phuong thuc hang ddi hang, dau thau xay dung hoac cac du an dau tu 99 KET LUAN Z X X Z Z Thuc day xuat khau hang hoa nham tao nguon von chu yeu cho nhap khau phuc vu cong nghiep hoa-hien dai hoa dat nuoc, vua lam chuyen dich nen kinh te theo huong cong nghiep hoa-hien dai hoa, thuc day san xuat phat trien Ben canh do, no tac dong tich cuc den viec giai quyet cong an viec lam, nang cao doi song cua nguoi lao dong, la co so de mo rong va thuc day hoat dong kinh te doi ngoai, cung nhu tao dieu kien thuan loi cho viec thuc hien cong su nghiep cong nghiep hoa-hien dai hoa dat nuoc mot cach nhanh chong Trong boi canh hang hoa xuat khau cua nuoc ta dang phai doi mat voi su canh tranh gay gat tai nhung thi truong lon va truyen thong Nhieu thi truong xuat khau lon cua ta dang dan tro nen bao hoa, nhieu hang rao bao ho ky thuat moi duoc dung len doi voi hang xuat khiu cua ta cang tro len tinh vi, phuc tap thi viec tim kiem nhung thi truong xuat khau moi tro len co y nghia hon bao gio het Nam o cuc nam cua lua dia Phi, thi truong Nam Phi voi qui mo kinh te lon r X X Z nhat chau luc, nhu cau nhap khau lon, nen kinh te thi truong hoat dong co hieu qua, moi truong phap ly cho hoat dong thuong mai minh bach, he thong ngan hang va co so tang tien tien hien dai, duoc nhieu quoc gia tren the gioi chon lam thi truong cua ngo de tham nhap vao thi truong cac nuoc chau Phi khac thuoc khu vuc phia Nam cua luc dia phi da tro thi truong day hua hen cho hang hoa xuat khau cua Viet Nam Kim ngach xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam sang thi truong Nam Phi luon gia tang voi toc nam sau cao hon nam truoc va dac biet gia tang manh giai doan 2005-2009 voi toc binh quan tren 47%/nam voi muc kim ngach nam 2009 dat nhat tu truoc toi la 378 trieu la My Hang hoa Viet Nam buoc dau da co cho dung tren thi truong nuoc dac biet la nhung mat hang xuat khau chu luc cua ta nhu giay dep, det may, gao, ca phe Tuy nhien, nhin chung tri gia kim ngach xuat khau van rat nho be so voi kim ngach nhap khau cua Nam Phi Hau Z Z het cac mat hang xuat khau cua nuoc ta thoi gian qua sang thi truong 100 Z A AZ A deu chua co dau hieu tang truong ve chat luong, chua co thuong hieu, ngheo ve chung loai, mau ma, kieu dang, chua dap ung nhu cau da dang cua khac hang Nam Phi Dieu phan ldn la kinh nghiem va trinh chuyen mon, trinh quan ly cua cac nha xay dung luat, chinh sach, cac doanh nghiep ma de khac phuc khong the mot sdm- mot chieu Tat ca dieu co anh huong khong nho tdi hoat dong Z z , •> san xuat, kinh doanh hang hoa xuat khau noi rieng, qua tac dong den nang luc canh tranh cua quoc gia, cua doanh nghiep, cua san pham, cung nhu tien trinh hoi nhap kinh te toan cau thdi gian tdi cua Viet Nam Thi trudng Nam Phi nhin chung van kha mdi me doi vdi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam, thong tin ve thi trudng mac du co nhieu nhat so cac nudc chau Phi nhung van chua duoc nhieu doanh nghiep Viet Nam quan tam dung muc Trong buon ban vdi Nam Phi hien nay, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam van chu yeu giao dich qua trung gian vi vay su phu thuoc vao cac ddi tac trung gian khien cho kim ngach xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang thi trudng tang truong khong on dinh kho du doan Cac doanh nghiep xuat khau Viet Nam han che ve moi mat; lai thieu Z Z Z z lien ket chat che vdi nhau; chua coi den viec xay dung chien luoc san xuat, kinh doanh trung va dai han, cung nhu ap dung cac tieu chuan quoc te san xuat, kinh doanh xuat nhap khau; chua tap trung dau tu cho nghien cuu va phat trien de doi mdi cong nghe, nang cao trinh cho ngudi lao dong, kha nang nghien cuu thi trudng yeu Xuat phat tu nhan thuc tren, nham gop phan thuc day xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang thi trudng Nam Phi, de tai xin de xuat mot so nhom giai phap Nhom giai phap o chp vi mo theo can sdm triin khai thuc hien cac chu truong ve phat trien quan he thuong mai vdi Nam Phi nham day manh xuat khau; Cung co khuon kho phap ly tao dieu kien cho hoat dong xuat khau sang thi trudng Nam Phi; Xem xet hinh thuc ho tro ve tai chinh cho cac doanh nghiep mot cach hop ly; Day A A manh cong tac thong tin ve thi trudng Nam Phi; Phat trien nguon nhan luc phuc vu 101 viec day manh xuat khau sang thi truong Nam Phi; Xem xet lap Trung tam Thuong mai Viet Nam tai Nam Phi cap vi mo, de tai de xuat mot so giai phap la cac doanh nghiep can chu phat trien nganh hang xuat khau phu hop voi thi trudng Nam Phi; DSy manh cong tac xuc ti6n thuong mai tai thi trudng Nam Phi Vdi de tai hy vong nhung giai phap, kien nghi dupe neu se gop phan khac phuc dupe nhung han che, nhung ton tai gay anh hudng den hoat dong xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam thdi gian qua, dong thdi se tao nhung dieu kien thuan loi de thuc day xuat khau hang hoa vao thi trudng Nam Phi TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1.1 Tidng Viet Sach Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi Dang VII, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi Dang VIII, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi Dang IX, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi DangX, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi Bui Xuan Luu (1997), Giao trinh Kinh te Ngoai thuong, NXb Giao due, Ha Noi Do Dure Dinh-Greg Mill (2007), Viet Nam va Chau Phi-Nghien cum so sanh kinh nghiem va co hoiphat trien, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi Nguyen Hum Khai (2005), Hang rao phi thue quan chinh sach thuong r r mai quoc te, Nxb Lao dong-Xa hoi, Ha Noi PGS.TS Dinh Van Thanh (2005), Rao can thuong mai quoc te, Nxb Thong ke, Ha Noi Do Thi Thom (2007), Thi truong mot so nudc Chau Phi-Co hoi doi vdi Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban khoa hoc xa hoi 10 Uy ban quoc gia ve Hop tac kinh te quoc te (2007), Cac van ban phap ly co r r ban cua To chuc thuong mai quoc te, Cdng ty in Phu Thinh, Ha Noi 11 Vu Huu Turn (1998), Giao trinh Ky thuat nghiep vu Ngoai thuong, Nxb Giao due, Ha Noi 12 TS Le Thi Anh Van (2003), Doi moi chinh sach nham thuc day xuat khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam qua trinh HNKTQT, Nxb Lao dong, Ha Noi Tap chi 13 Tap chi Nghien cuu Chau Phi va Trung Dong (2007)-So 05 va 07 14 Tap chi Nghien cuu Chau Phi va Trung Dong (2008)- So 01, 02 va 04 1.2 Tieng Anh 15 Uy ban quoc gia ve Hop tac kinh te quoc te (2006), Vietnam’s WTO Accession Documents 16 Tap chi “Development and Copperation”- So 10 va 12/2009 17 Tap chi “Development and Copperatiori'- So 6/2010
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