Xuất khẩu hàng hoá của việt nam sang thị trường nam mỹ

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TRUK NAM MY M LUAN VAN THAO SY KINH TE ■BHKXMKaMMOMHI TTUfoWnAI hoc kinh ris quoc dan a* £2 -a DAi HOC KTQD TT THONG TIN THUV1EN PHONG LUAN AN • Tl/ LIE U PHAM THI YEN LY ■ ■ Chuy&n nganh: Kinh t6 d6l ngoai LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE ■ ■ Ngitdi hitdng dan khoa hoc: PGS.TS NGUYEN THUdNG LANG ■ THS HA N&i - 2010 ■M MUC LUC • • DANH MUC CAC TU VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG, BIEU DO, HINH TOM TAT LUAN VAN LOI MO’DAU CHUONG KHAI QUAT VE THI TRl/ONG NAM MY VA KINH NGHIEM XUAT KHAU SANG THI TRUONG NAM MY 1.1 Mot so net ve thi trird’ng Nam My 1.1.1 Dac diem ve tir nhien - xa hoi 1.1.2 Tinh hinh phat trien kinh te 1.2 Cac yeu to anh huong den xuat khau sang thi trird’ng Nam My 1.2.1 Tinh hinh chinh tri va phap luat 1.2.2 Trinh phat trien kinh te 1.2.3 Dac diem van hoa xa hoi 1.2.4 Cac yeu to khac 12 1.3 Mot so quy dinh ve nhap khau hang hoa vao thi trudng Nam My 13 1.3.1 Quy dinh ve thue va hai quan 13 1.3.2 Cac quy dinh ve bao goi, nhan mac, xuat xu va kiem dich 17 1.4 Kinh nghiem cua Trung Quoc viec xuat khau sang thi truong Nam My va bai hoc doi voi Viet Nam 20 1.4.1 Kinh nghiem cua Trung Quoc nham thuc day xuat khau 20 1.4.2 Tinh hinh xuat khau cua Trung Quoc sang cac nuoc Nam My 23 1.4.3 Bai hoc doi voi Viet Nam 23 CHUONG THUC TRANG XUAT KHAU HANG HOA CUA VIET NAM SANG THI TRlTONG NAM MY 26 2.1 Tinh hinh xuat khau chung cua Viet Nam 26 2.1.1 Kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam 26 2.1.2 Cac mat hang xuat khau chu yeu cua Viet Nam 27 2.1.3 Cac thi trudng xuat khau chinh 28 2.2 Thirc trang xuat khau hang hoa ciia Viet Nam sang thi trudng Nani My 29 2.2.1 Tdng quan ve xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang thi trudng Nam My 29 2.2.2 Mot so thi trudng xuat khau chinh cua Viet Nam khu vuc Nam My 33 2.3 Cac chinh sach va bien phap thuc day xuat khau sang thi trudng Nam My ma Viet Nam da thuc hien 49 2.3.1 Cac chinh sach tai chinh 49 2.3.2 Chinh sach ve xue tien thuong mai 54 2.3.3 Cac bien phap thuc day xuat khau 56 2.4 Danh gia xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang thi trudng Nam My 57 2.4.1 Thanh cong 57 2.4.2 Han chd 58 2.4.3 Nguyen nhan cac han che 59 CHUONG GIAI PHAP DAY MANH XUAT KHAU HANG HOA CUA VIET NAM SANG THI TRUONG NAM MY 61 3.1 Du’ bao nhu cau thi trudng Nam My ddi voi hang hoa Viet Nam 61 3.1.2 Su can thiet xuat khau vao thi trudng Nam My 61 3.1.2 Du bao nhu cau thi trudng Nam My ddi vdi Viet Nam 63 3.2 Giai phap day manh xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam vao thi trudng Nam My 66 3.2.1 Giai phap tu phia Nha nude 66 3.2.2 Giai phap tir phia doanh nghiep 73 KET LUAN 79 DANH MUC TAI LIEU TH AM KHAO 81 DANH MUC CAC TU VIET TAT STT Nghia day dii Chu’ viet tat Tieng Anh ASEAN BTA FAO FTA GMP GSP HACCP Tieng Viet r Association of South-East Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Nam Asian Nations A Bilateral Trade Agreement Hiep dinh thuong mai song Food and Agriculture phuong To chirc luong thuc va thuc Organization pham lien hop quoc Free Trade Area Khu vuc thuong mai tu Goods manufacturing Tieu chuan chat luong gan vdi pratice quy pham san xuat Generalized systems of Preferences Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point p p Che doi uu dai thue quan cap He thong phan tich moi nguy hiem va xac djnh diem kiem soat toi han Common market of the MERCOSUR South (Mercado Comun del Thi trubng chung Nam My Sur/Tieng Tay Ban Nha) NDT Nhan dan te 10 NHNN Ngan hang nha nude 11 NTR 12 NXB 13 TBT Normal Trade Relation Quan he thuong mai binh thuong Nha xuat ban Technical Barriers to Trade Hang rao ky thuat thuong mai 14 TCVN Tieu chuan Viet Nam 15 UBND Uy ban nhan dan 16 UNASUR Union of South American Nations Lien minh cac quoc gia Nam My 17 USD United States Dollar 18 VAT Value Added Tax 19 VND 20 WB World Bank Ngan hang the gioi 21 WTO World Trade Organisation To chuc thuong mai the gioi 22 XHCN Xa hoi chu nghTa Viet Nam 23 XNK Xuat nhap khau 24 XK Xuat khau 25 XTTM Xue tien thuong mai Dong la My 7““~ Thue gia tri gia tang Viet Nam dong DANH MUC BANG, BIEU DO, HINH BANG Bang 2.1: Thuong mai Viet Nam - Achentina 2004-2009 va quy 1/2010 35 Bang 2.2: Ty trong, thu hang kirn ngach hang hoa xuat khau, nhap khau giua Viet Nam va Achentina nam 2009 va thang dau nam 2010 39 Bang 2.3: Kim ngach xuat nhap khau Viet Nam - Chi le giai doan 2004-2009 .47 BIEU DO Bieu 2.1 Kim ngach xuat khau sang thi trudng Nam My giai doan 2000-2009 31 Bieu 2.2 Phat trien ngoai thuong Viet Nam - Braxin giai doan 2000-2009 41 Bieu 3.1 Du bao kirn ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang Nam My den nam 2015 65 HINH Hinh 1.1: Ban cac quoc gia Nam My Hinh 2.1: Xuat khau cua Viet Nam giai doan 2000 - 2009 27 Hinh 2.2 Ty xuat khau cac thi trudng cua Viet Nam nam 2009 32 Hinh 2.3 Co cau cac mat hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang Achentina 38 Hinh 2.4 Co cau hang hoa xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang Braxin nam 2009 43 Hinh 2.5 Co cau hang hoa xuat khau sang Chile nam 2009.49 LO’I MO DAU Vai dien tich trai dai tren 17 trieu km2, tong dan so gan 400 trieu ngudi tong san pham quoc noi (GDP) vao khoang 2.650 ti USD, Nam My la thi trirang kha hap dan doi vdi cac doanh nghiep xuat khau Viet Nam Nhu cau tieu thu va nhap khau hang hoa tren thi trudng kha da dang Vai tai nguyen thien nhien phong phu, doi ngu lao dong tre, co dao tao, thong minh va can cu, Viet Nam co nhieu lai the canh tranh san xuat hang hoa vdi gia de cung cap cho thi trudng Nam My Mot diem thuan lai khac la cac mat hang xuat nhap khau cua moi ben co ca cau rat khac nhau, Viet Nam xuat khau nhung mat hang tieu dung ma cac quoc gia Nam My khong san xuat hoac san xuat vdi so krong it nhu cac san pham ve nong thuy san, det may, da giay Day la cac mat hang Viet Nam co lai the ve mat tu nhien va nguon nhan cong tay nghe cao gia re Cac nude Nam My xuat khau sang Viet Nam chu yeu cac mat hang nguyen lieu Tuy nhien, ben canh nhung thuan lai ca ban neu tren, Viet Nam van gap nhieu kho khan xuat khau vao thi trudng Nam My Trude het, day la mot thi trudng kha mdi doi vdi Viet Nam, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam chua co nhieu kinh nghiem va chua thuc su hieu het cac quy dinh phap luat, phong tuc tap quan thuang mai cua thi trudng Ngoai cac doanh nghiep xuat khau cua Viet Nam gap kho khan ve van tai hang hoa giao thong chua thuan tien, bat dong ngon ngu ngon ngu giao tiep Ttr nhung van de neu tren, de tai “ Xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang thi trwd'ng Nam My” duac chon de nghien cuu 11 CHUONG1 KHAI QUAT VE THI TRUONG NAM MY VA KINH NGHIEM XUAT KHAU SANG THI TRUONG NAM MY 1.1 Khai quat ve thi trudng Nam My Nam My la phan luc dia nam d phia Tay cua Nam ban cau Trai Dat thuoc chau My, bat dau tu phia nam kenh dao Panama trd xuong Dia hinh Nam My phan hoa rat rd net tu Tay sang Dong: Day Andes, trung du, va cac dong bang phia Tay Vung cung chiem phan Ion khu vuc My Latinh ngudi dan d day chu yeu sur dung tieng Tay Ban Nha va Bo Dao Nha Nam My co hau, thbi tiet on hoa, han ddi d phia nam, can nhiet ddi nong am d phia bac; nhiet trung binh 27°C mua he, 12°C mua dong Dia hinh, dat dai da dang; nui cao doc phia Tay, cao nguyen va dong bang phia Dong va Nam Dat canh tac chiem tren 10% dien tich Tai nguyen thien nhien phong phu, dat dai phi nhieu, hai phan va them luc dia rong Khu vuc Nam My cd tong dien tich 17.840.000 km2 , dan so 385,742,554 ngudi, bao gom 12 quoc gia: Achentina, Bolivia, Braxin, Chile, Colombia, Ecuado, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, Suriname (Chi tiet cu the ve dien tich, dan so cua tung quoc gia xem tai Phu luc 01) Tong khdi luong GDP cua cac nude khu vuc Nam My dat hon hai nghin ty USD (nam 2009) Cac yeu to anh huong den xuat khau sang thi trudng Nam My bao gom: Tinh hinh chinh tri va phap luat; Trinh phat trien kinh te; Dac diem van hoa xa hoi va Cac yeu to khac 1.2 Mot so quy dinh ve nhap khau hang hoa vao thi trudng Nam My Luan van tap trung vao cac quy dinh lien quan den thue va hai quan, quy dinh ve xuat xu, bao bi dong goi, kiem dich, cu the: Ve quy dinh lien quan den thue va hai quan: Cac quoc gia vien cua Mercosur (Braxin, Achentina, Uruguay, Paraguay va Venezuela ap dung chinh sach khu vuc thue quan chung theo bieu thue hai quan cua khdi Mercosur, (the MERCOSUR's Common External Tariff (CET)) CET the hien danh muc hang hoa 72 ngach xuat khau ma phai tao lap, tri va phat trien thuong hieu cua san pham tinh thien cam ddi vdi doanh nghiep va hinh anh cua qudc gia Do vai tro cua Nha nude viec quan ly va day manh hoat dong xue tidn thuong mai ddi vdi doanh nghiep cang tro nen quan Tuy nhien, thdi gian qua, hoat dong XTTM mang dim qudc gia duoc td chuc chua thue su chuyen nghiep, md nhat; qua trinh hop tac, trao ddi va chia se thdng tin giua td chuc XTTM vdi td chuc XTTM vdi cac doanh nghiep va doanh nghiep vdi doanh nghiep yeu Vi vay, cac thdng tin thuong mai tan man, thieu tinh chien luge va chieu sau; Kha nang cung ung cac dich vu nghien cuu thi trudng, tu van, phat trien san pham chua phat trien Cac hinh thue xue tien thuong mai nhu td chuc hoi cho, trien lam, khao sat thi trudng va ngoai nude, dao tao nang cao nghiep vu duoc thue hien thieu lien ket va hop tac dan den hieu qua hoat dong XTTM dem lai cho cac doanh nghiep chua cao Ddi vdi thi truong Nam My - mot thi trudng mdi cua Viet Nam, Nha nude can dua cac bien phap thiet thue de day manh xuat khau vao thi trudng thdng qua: - Nang cao chat luong thdng tin, phoi hop vdi co quan lien quan va he thdng thuong vu Viet nam d nude ngoai Cac Thuong vu cua ta tai cac nude Nam My can theo doi chat che va bao cao thudng xuyen ve tinh hinh thi trudng lien quan toi cac chinh sach tieu dung cua nude ban thi hieu tieu dung cua dan ban cac thang cuoi nam; tren co sd dua nhung quyet sach phu hop cho hoat dong xuat khau giai doan Tang cudng cong tac nghien cuu, du bao, khai thac tiem nang hop tac lien Bo, lien nganh vdi cac qudc gia Nam My nham day manh trao ddi thuong mai, tim thi trudng cho hang xuat khau cua ta, tang kim ngach xuat khau - Td chuc cac Doan xue tien thuong mai sang cac Thi trudng Nam My de nghien cuu nam bat nhu cau nhap khau, nhat la nhu cau nhap hang hoa tieu dung cuoi nam cua cac qudc gia va thdng tin kip thdi toi cac doanh nghiep xuat khau cac san pham cd lien quan (hoac td chuc cac Doan xue tien cd su tham gia cua cac doanh nghiep) 73 - Cue Xue tien thuong mai - Bo Cong Thuong co nhiem vu bien thong tin va to chuc xue tien cac hoat dong thuong mai tai thi trudng Nam My Tren ca sd chien luge tham nhap thi trudng da duac hoach dinh, Cue Xue tien thuong mai co nhiem vu xay dung Id trinh hanh dong cu the de dua duac hang hoa Viet Nam thi trudng ngoai Cue se quan ly ca sd du lieu cua Bo Cdng Thuong va giai quyet cac van de co lien quan den khia canh ky thuat nhu tao dung ca sd du lieu de truy cap, tao dung trang Web Cue Xue tien thuong mai can to chuc danh gia viec thue hien va hieu qua cac hoat dong XTTM theo tieu chi rd rang; xay dung chien luac xue tien xuat khau vdi tung thi trudng, mat hang, san pham giai doan 2011-2015, tranh to chuc trung lap gay lang phi, giam hieu qua Cue XTTM can tong hap, cap nhat ke hoach hoat dong ngan han va dai han cua cac ca quan XTTM dia phuang, lap quy hoach dia diem, xac dinh quy md va thdi gian dau tu lam ca sd cho cac bo, nganh, dia phuang va trung uong quyet dinh dau tu Ben canh la cai tien va tiep tuc nang cao hieu qua Chuang trinh XTTM qudc gia; trien khai theo chieu sau Chuang trinh thuang hieu qudc gia; tang cudng phoi hap giua cac cu quan XTTM, hiep hoi nganh hang, DN, thuang vu va ca quan dai dien ngoai giao Viet Nam d nude ngoai, cac ca quan thong tin truyen thong 3.2.2 Gidi phap ticphia doanh nghiep 3.2.2.1 Gidi phap trudc mat de day manh xuat khau vao thi truong Nam My a Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can dam bao ve sd luong cung nhu chat luong san pham nhu da cam ket hap dong xuat khau; tranh vi pham cac qui dinh ve ve sinh kiem dich; dap ung cac yeu cau ve xuat xu, nham nang cao uy tin cua ca nhan doanh nghiep va cac san pham xuat khau cua Viet Nam, gitr chu tin vdi khach hang Trong trudng hup gap kho khan lien quan den cac qui dinh mdi tu phia ddi tac nude ngoai lien quan den san pham doanh nghiep dang xuat, can phoi hop chat che vdi cac co quan quan ly nha nude nhu Bo Cong Thuong, Bo Tai chinh, Tong Cue Hai quan va cac co quan huu quan khac de duoc ho trg thao gd kho khan 74 b Tranh thu tdi da sir ho tro cua Nha nude thong qua cac chinh sach ho tro lai xuat, ho tro xuat khau de day manh xuat khau Tap trung vao khoi luong hang xuat cung nhu gia tri hang xuat khau Cac Doanh nghiep can tranh thu nam bat thdi co thuan loi de day manh xuat khau bdi canh kinh te the gidi dang dan hoi phuc tu sau khung hoang; nhu cau nhap khau cac hang hoa tieu dung, luong thuc thuc pham cua cac nude Nam My tang cao Dac biet, cac doanh nghiep xuat khau gao can dua cac bien phap cu the de nam bat thi phan xuat khau gia gao cd thd se tang rat cao giai doan tu tdi cuoi nam (Theo du doan cua cac nha xuat khau luong thuc ldn tren the gidi) c Phoi hop vdi cac Bo chu quan tham gia tich cue cong tac xuc tien thuong mai, tiep can va md rong thi trudng nham khai thac triet de nhu cau nhap khdu cua cac nude Nam My (Cac nude cd xu hudng nhap khau nhieu vao cac thang cuoi nam.) Tich cue dong gop y kien cho cac co quan hoach dinh chinh sach xuat khau Vdi cac khoan no thuoc cac hop dong xuat khau cd sir bao tro cua Chinh phu, neu can nhac thay phia ban khong cd kha nang tra no nam nay, cac Doanh nghiep kien rang buoc phia ban nhap hang cua ta tir den cuoi nam 3.2.2.2 Giai phap chien luge ddi vdi doanh nghiep de day manh xuat khau vao khu vuc Nam My a To chuc tot viec nghien cuu, md rong va phat trien thi trudng Nam My Thi trudng tieu thu la yeu to tien quyet cac doanh nghiep to chuc hoat dong san xuat, kinh doanh thi trudng chinh la noi tham dinh kha nang canh tranh cua san pham dac biet dieu kien kinh te thi trudng ngoai nude cd vi tri quyet dinh thi trudng quoc te cd the cd net tuong dong ve nhu cau, van hoa, trinh nhu thi trudng nude nhung phan ldn cac thi trudng la khac ve cac yeu to ddi cd the trai nguoc lan va thudng xuyen thay ddi Do vay viec nghien cuu, tim hieu va nam bat thi trudng the gidi de tu cd the tham nhap, 15 tri va phat trien la nhung giai phap co tinh then chot chien lucre phat trien cua cac doanh nghiep Thue hien giai phap tire cac doanh nghiep phai tim hieu cac khu vuc thi trudng Nam My vdi cac dac diem cua no de tim moi lien he giua kha nang cung cap cua minh va dac diem tieu dung cua tirng qudc gia khu vuc Trong chien lupc cac doanh nghiep phai tim hieu, nghien cuu cac qudc gia khu vuc Nam My nhung khdng dan trai ma cd tap trung, dinh hudng doanh nghiep phai nghien cuu ca cac thi trudng truyen thdng lan thi trudng mdi Dac biet phai tap trung quan tarn den cac thi trudng dung luong ldn, nhu cau tieu dung ldn, tap trung vao cac ban hang truyen thdng cd nen kinh te tuong ddi on dinh nhu: Chi Le, Brazil, Achentina, Colombia Td chuc tot cong tac tiep thi de khai thac va phat trien thi trudng, trudc het phai quan tarn den cong tac thi trudng, dat mot nhung noi dung quan trong chien lupc kinh doanh cua minh va phai cd su dau tu hoach dinh rd rang Dac biet cac doanh nghiep can phai xay dung duoc cho minh van phong dai dien tai mot sd thi trudng diem va tich cue tham gia vao cac cuoc hoi cho trien lam xue tien thuong mai va ngoai nude nham tan dung co hoi gidi thieu san pham va tim kiem ddi tac Cac van phong neu hoat dong cd hieu qua ket hop vdi he thdng tham tan thuong mai cua nha nude se cung cap dupe mot each nhanh chong, kip thdi cac thdng tin huu dung ve thi trudng cho doanh nghiep dong thdi hoat dong giao dich, dam phan cua doanh nghiep cung se dupe thuan Ipi hoa Cac doanh nghiep nhd khdng cd du kha nang lap va tri hoat dong thudng xuyen cua van phong dai dien rieng tai nude ngoai thi cd the lien ket vdi de xay dung mot van phong b Nang cao chat luong hang hoa xuat khau Cac doanh nghiep nude ta hien cd trinh cong nghe lac hau so vdi muc trung binh cua the gidi hang thap ky Ngay nay, cong nghe cang cd y nghTa 76 quyet dinh hern den nang lire canh tranh cua doanh nghiep Trong dieu kien thieu von tram trongnhu hien nay, ddi hoi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam phai nhanh chong hien dai hoa cong nghe cua minh vdi chi phi thap nhat Dieu co the thue hien theo cac hudng: - Nhap khau cac thiet bi nude ngoai, hoc tap nguyen tac thiet ke, tu thiet ke lai, cai tien cho phu hop vdi dieu kien san xuat va che tao tai Viet Nam Nhung chi tiet Viet Nam chua du sue che tao thi nhap khau cua nude ngoai - Ddi vdi cac cong nghe kho nhap hoac qua dat, cac doanh nghiep can hop tac vdi cac co quan nghien cuu khoa hoc ky thuat cung dau tu nghien cuu de thiet ke, che tao - Cac doanh nghiep can khai thac cac thong tin de di theo hudng cong nghe mdi va tim kiem su trg giup tu ben ngoai doanh nghiep - Dau tu nghien cuu ddi mdi cong nghe d mot vai khau then chot co anh hudng quyet dinh nhat - fan dung kha nang dong gop cua cac chuyen gia ky thuat cong nghe cong nghe ngudi Viet Nam d nude ngoai Hien nay, udc tinh co khoang 300.000 Viet kieu la nhung chuyen gia gidi, ky thuat vien hay cong nhan cd tay nghe cao dang lam viec khap noi tren the gidi Neu thu hut dugc nguon nhan luc co chat luong cao tren co sd khuyen khich ho dong gop cong sue xay dung nude nha thi day la nguon luc quan trong, to ldn giup cai thien hien trang cong nghe va sue canh tranh cua nen kinh te - Doanh nghiep can co dinh hudng boi dudng dao tao doi ngu nhan vien tai nang tre, gui di dao tao d cac nude phat trien bang nguon tai chinh cua doanh nghiep - Dua vao su ho trg cua co quan nha nude, trudng dai hgc, vien nghien cuu de hien dai hoa cong nghe cua minh - Doanh nghiep can coi viec hien dai hoa la mot qua trinh tich tu phat trien tu thap den cao, xac dinh muc cong nghe ma doanh nghiep can co de tao 77 san pham co uu the canh tranh tong hop Tu do, lira chon cong nghe hien dai hoa dan tung btrdc c Xay dung thuang hieu manh cho mot so mat hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam Trudc tien phai nang cao chat luong san pham cua doanh nghiep minh Bdi vdi chat luong cao san pham luon cd the tu quang cao day thuyet phuc Chi cd the cd mot thuong hieu manh tren nhung san pham tot Nhung chi cd chat luong thdi la chua du Chat luong chi la nen mong cho doanh nghiep xay dung thuong hieu tren Bdi vay, cd xay dung duoc thuang hieu manh hay khong la nhan thuc va nd luc cua mdi doanh nghiep Mdi vien doanh nghiep phai duoc trang bi nhung kien thuc co ban ve thuang hieu, vai trd, vi tri khong the thieu cua thuang hieu, nhung ky nang thuc hanh co ban ve xay dung va quang ba thuang hieu Cung can nhan thuc dung gia tri to ldn cua loai tai san vo hinh va ap dung nhung phuong phap de xac dinh gia tri Tir dat gia trj thuang hieu ca cau von cua doanh nghiep Neu xac djnh duoc gia tri, thuang hieu cd the trd dinh gia tri thuang hieu giup phan bd ngan sach marketing mot each hap ly cho tung thuang hieu cu the Xac dinh gia tri thuang hieu cung lam cho viec dieu tra ve tinh doc quyen dugc ro rang Xay dung mot thuang hieu manh khong chi cd quang cao cho san pham hoac cai ten cua cong ty ma can xay dung mot chien luge tong luc, dai hoi vdi mot tarn nhin xa Viec tham khao cac chien luge nhan hieu toan cau rat can thiet ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam, cac nhom cong ty hay hiep hoi nganh nghe hoach dinh cac chien luge nhan hieu quoc te cua minh Can hoach dinh chien luge nhan hieu d quy md quoc te tu phac thao nhung budc di dau tien: Tir viec dat ten nhan hieu, dinh nghTa san pham (product concept), cac lgi ich (product benifits), gia tri 78 (brandvalues), chien luge phan phoi hay xuat khau thi truong muc tieu va to hop phan khuc - dinh vi b quy md qudc te Doanh nghiep cung rat can chu den viec dat ten cho doanh nghiep, cho san pham Doanh nghiep phai dau tu dung muc nghien cuu tim toi sang tao tranh tinh trang dat ten mot each tien nhu cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam tung lam, phai nghi den chien luge kinh doanh lau dai de tim nhung ten phu hgp hoac doanh nghiep cung co the thue cac cong ty tu van chuyen ve lTnh vuc Hay bat dau chong lai nhung ngudi bat chudc tu luc tao thuong hieu va each su dung chung tren san pham, dich vu Cac doanh nghiep cung co the td chuc cac cuoc thi rong rai ve viec dat ten cho doanh nghiep, cho san pham, sang tao bieu tugng (logo) Day vua la hinh thue quang ba cho doanh nghiep, vua lua chon dugc nhung ten, bieu tugng doc dao, uu viet nhat De dugc phap luat bao ho tranh nhung rui ro bi xam pham thuong hieu nhu thdi gian qua, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam phai dang ky thuong hieu d nude va dac biet d nude ngoai Ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep xuat khau, dang ky thuong hieu tai thi trudng nude ngoai mang y nghTa song Viec dang ky khdng vi lgi ich trudc mat cho cac doanh nghiep: co the ban hang true tiep cho doanh nghiep nude ngoai khdng can ton kern chi phi trung gian, khdng bi cac cong ty nude ngoai lay nhan mac cua hg dat ten cho san pham cua minh, khdng bi dim gia tren thi trudng vi san pham khdng cd nhan mac, ma la lgi ich ve lau dai: tao nen mot thuong hieu uy tin, chat lugng 79 KET LUAN Xuat khau la mot hoat dong rat co ban cua hoat dong kinh te doi ngoai, la phuong tien thue day nen kinh te phat trien Ddi vdi mot nen kinh te dang phat trien nhu Viet Nam, tam quan cua viec day manh xuat khau la khong the phu nhan Ben canh viec tri moi quan he vdi cac thi trudng truyen thong, viec tim kiem cac thi trudng mdi va tiem nang la cong viec can thiet ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep xuat khau cua Viet Nam Cho den thdi diem hien tai, thi trudng Nam My la mot thi trudng mdi ddi vdi Viet Nam Den thdi diem hien tai, Viet Nam thue hien xuat khau sang hau het tat ca cac qudc gia Nam My Theo sd lieu tong hop ve xuat khau sang thi trudng Nam My (tru Guyana va Suriname), kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang thi trudng nam 2000 mdi chi dat 61,4 trieu USD Den nam 2009, xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang thi trudng Nam My da dat 549 trieu USD Dac biet, kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam vdi thj trudng ldn khu vuc la Achentina, Braxin va Chi Le tang deu qua cac nam dua tren co sd hop tac kinh te song phuong va da phuong phat vdi Viet Nam Ben canh nhung cong da dat duoc viec xuat khau hang hoa sang thi trudng nay, thue te cho thay kim ngach xuat khau chua ldn va chua xung vdi tiem nang cua hai ben Trong sd nhung han che cua viec xuat khau hang hoa Viet Nam sang thi trudng Nam My cd the ke den nhu thieu thong tin ve thi trudng, phu thuoc vao trung gian thuong mai, chi phi van tai cao hon cac nude khu vuc, cac rao can ve thue quan va phi thue quan xuat khau vao thi trudng De khac phuc cac han che neu tren va day manh xuat khau vao thi trudng Nam My, Chinh phu Viet Nam can co cac chinh sach ho tro doanh nghiep xuat khau vao thi trudng nhu: Day manh quan he hop tac toan dien vdi cac nude Nam My tren co sd cac ben deu co loi; Day manh cai each hanh chinh, xoa bo cac 80 rao can bat hop ly, tao dieu kien cho hoat dong xuat khau phat trien; Ap dung cac chinh sach tai chinh nham khuyen khich xuat khau hang hoa sang thi truong Nam My; Ho tro doanh nghiep tiep can thi truong va day manh hoat dong xuc tien thuong mai quoc gia Ben canh do, cac doanh nghiep can phoi hop chat che vdi nha nude viec thuc hien cac chinh sach va bien phap nham thuc day xuat khau vao thi trudng Cac doanh nghiep cung can chu dong tim hieu thong tin ve thi trudng, to chuc tot viec nghien cuu, md rong va phat trien thi trudng Nam My; nang cao chat luong hang hoa xuat khau va xay dung thuong hieu cua minh nham tao duoc cho dung vung chac tren thi trudng 81 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • Bo Cong thuong (2009), Bao cao tinh hinh xuat khau nam 2008, muc tieu, dinh hudng va cac bien phap day manh xuat khau nam 2009 Bo Cong Thuong (2009) Bao cao tom tat tinh hinh hoat dong cong nghiep > va thuong mai 11 thdng dau nam 2009 Bo Thuong mai (2006) De an phat trien xuat khau giai doan nam 20062010 CISDOM A (2003) Xue tien xuat khau cua Chinh phu cho cac doanh nghiep vira va nhd, Nha xuat ban lao dong xa hoi, Ha Noi 2011-2020” 20/4/2010 Thuy Duong (2007), “Vai net ve cong dong cac quoc gia Nam My”, Bao dien tir Dang Cong san Viet Nam, 5/01/2007 Dang Dinh Dao (2006), “ l ong quan ve xuat nhap khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam nam 2006 va trien vong nam 2007 ”, Thdng tin & Du bao KT - XH, (12- 12/2006) Nguyen Thi Huong (2003), Giao trinh Kinh doanh quoc te II, Nha xuat ban Lao dong - Xa hoi, Ha Noi Do Prong Khanh (2008), Nang luc canh tranh cua cac doanh nghiep xuat khau nhd va vua cua Viet Nam, Dien dan kinh te va tai chinh lan 7, 2627/02/2008 10 Do Due Binh, Nguyen Thuong Lang (2004), Giao trinh Kinh te qudc te, Nha xuat ban Lao dong - Xa hoi, Ha Noi 11 Bui Ngoc Son (2009), Nang luc xuat khau cua doanh nghiep Viet Nam dieu kien kinh te thi trudng, Nha xuat ban Thong tin va truyen thdng 12 Hoc vien Cong nghe buu chinh vien thdng (2002), Giao trinh Kinh doanh qudc te, Nha xuat ban Buu dien, Ha Noi 82 13 Phong Thuang mai va Cong nghiep Viet Nam (2006), Cam nang xuat khdu cho doanh nghiep 14 Nguyen Thiet San (2009), Kinh te Brazil hien va trien vong, Vien nghien cuu Chau My 15 Kim Thai (2008) “Argentina - canh cua vao thi truong Nam My”, Thd'i bao kinh te Viet Nam, 14/8/2008 16 Le Thi Thu (2009), Qua trinh hinh thanh, Muc dich va nguyen tac cua Khu vuc mau dich tu Chau My, Vien Nghien cuu Chau My 17 Minh Thuy (2008), " Kim ngach thuong mai Viet Nam - Braxin dat ty vao nam 2010", Tien phong, 29/8/2008 18 Nguyen Xuan Trung (2009), Tinh hinh kinh te My Latinh dau the ky XXI, Vien Nghien cuu Chau My 19 Vu Huu Turu (2006), Giao trinh Ky thuat Nghiep vu ngoai thuang, Nha xuat ban Giao due, Ha Noi 20 Thuang vu Viet Nam tai Chi Le (2008), Bao cao tinh hinh khu thuang mai tu tai Chi Le 21 Tap chi Chau My Ngay ( so 4-2003) An ninh kinh te dieu kien hien b khu vuc My Latinh 22 Tin Thuong mai (2008), Tinh hinh xuat khau sang cac thi truong Achentina, Due va Tho Nhi Ky 23 Uy ban Quoc gia ve hop tac kinh te quoc te (2006), So tay doanh nghiep APEC va nhung van de doanh nghiep can quan tarn, Nha xuat ban Van hoa thdng tin, Ha Noi 24 Paul R Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld (1996), Nhung van de ve thuang mai quoc te, Kinh te hoc qudc te - Ly thuyet va chinh sach, tap I - ban dich, Nha xuat ban Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 25 John H Jackson (2001) He thdng thuang mai the gidi - Luat va chinh sach ve cac quan he kinh te quoc te, Dich gia: Pham Viem Phuong, Huynh Van Thanh NXB Thanh Nien, Ha Noi 83 26 Bernard Hoekman, Aaditya Mattoo, Philip English (2002): Development, Trade, and the WTO - A handbook, The World Bank 'll Dominick Salvatore (1990,) International Economics, 3rd Edition Macmillan Publishing Company 28 Gujarati D., N (2003) Basic Econometrics New York 29 James R.Markusen, James R Melvin et all (1995), International Trade - Theory and Evidence, McGraw-Hill International Editions 30 Thomas L Friedman (2005) Chiec Lexus va cay d liu (The Lexus and the olive tree) Dich gia: Le Minh NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi 31 Verbreek (2004) A guide to modern Econometrics, Chichester, Wiley 32 Cac Website www.fas.usda.gov www.fao.org www.vietrade.com.vn www.mof.gov.vn www.moit.gov.vn www.mofa.gov.vn www.moi.gov.vn www.vias.com.vn www.worldbank.org www.imf.org 84 PHU LUC 1: CAC QUOC GIA NAM MY Ten qudc gia^iing1’1 Dien tich (km2) Dan so Mat dan CU’ (tren km2) Thu do, thu phu Argentina 2.766.890 39.921.833 14.3 Buenos Aires Bolivia 1.098.580 8.989.046 8.1 LaPaz Sucre121 Brasil 8.511.965 188.078.227 21.9 Brasilia Chile131 756.950 16.134.219 21.1 Santiago Colombia 1.138.910 43.593.035 37.7 Bogota Ecuador 283.560 13.547.510 47.1 Quito Quan dao Falkland (Anh Quoc) 12.173 2.967 0.24 Stanley Guyane thuoc Phap (Phap) 91.000 199.509 2.1 Cayenne Guyana 214.970 767.245 3.6 Georgetown Paraguay 406.750 6.506.464 15.6 Asuncion Peru 1.285.220 28.302.603 21.7 Lima Quan dao Nam Georgia va Nam 3.093 Sandwich (Anh) — — Grytviken Suriname 163.270 439.117 2.7 Paramaribo Uruguay 176.220 3.431.932 19.4 Montevideo Venezuela 912.050 25.730.435 27.8 Caracas Aruba (Ha Lan) 193 71.891 370.8 Oranjestad Antille thuoc Ha Lan 732 221.736 221.3 Willemstad Trinidad va Tobago 5.128 1.065.842 212.3 Port of Spain Caribe Trung My: Panama141 25.347 540.433 21.3 Panama City Tong cong 17.853.007 377.544.044 ; —7 v Ghi chu: Panama dirge coi la qudc gia xuyen (lien) luc dia Panama thuoc ve ca Trung My va Nam My Trong bang chi la so lieu cho phan Nam My, la phan nam phia dong cua kenh dao Panama (Nguon: Wikipedia.com) 85 PHU LUC 02: TiNH HiNH KINH TE CAC QUOC GIA NAM MY STT Quoc gia Brasil Tdng GDP (trieu USD) 1.552.542 Argentina Xep hang Nani My Xep hang the gidi 10 599.100 22 Colombia 336.808 29 Chile 186.733 44 Peru 164.110 48 Venezuela 153.331 52 Ecuador 56.779 70 Uruguay 32.885 90 Paraguay 29.014 96 10 Bolivia 25.892 10 102 11 Guyana 3.541 11 159 12 Suriname 2.812 12 164 A (Nguon: Wikipedia.com) PHU LUC 03: TRI GIA XUAT KHAU VIET NAM SANG CAC NUOC NAM MY GIAI DOAN 2000 - 2009 STT Ten nude 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Ac-hen-ti-na 7.3 5.3 1.4 5.7 8.7 16.6 30.8 49.8 73.7 55,87 Braxin 13.9 15.1 12.2 22.6 25 32.2 61.9 102.6 183.1 200.85 3n Chi le 10.7 9.2 10.4 10.3 22.1 30.9 46.1 46.7 68.9 18.2 Cd-ldm-bi-a 7.7 3.2 7.1 3.4 8.2 10.5 23.1 34.4 E-cu-a-do 1.7 2.5 3.5 4.6 27.8 29.3 Pa-na-ma 13.7 14.8 13.3 13.9 Pa-ra-guay 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.3 Peru 0.8 1.7 1.2 2.5 Uru-guay 1.7 1.7 0.9 3.3 5.9 4.1 10 Ve- ne-zue- la 44.7 42.9 77.9 118 164.5 133.91 6.1 8.1 12.6 16.5 35.6 25.93 0.5 3.4 9.22 6.42 1.2 11.68 1.8 19.89 8.04 L_ - - - - _ - _ - (Nguon: Tong Cue Thong ke- Bo Ke hoach va Dau tir)