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THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY ALLAIN ANJELO F CANDELARIA FARMERS’ AWARENESS ON THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND CROP PRODUCTION I[.]
THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY ALLAIN ANJELO F CANDELARIA FARMERS’ AWARENESS ON THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND CROP PRODUCTION IN SINILOAN, LAGUNA, PHILIPPINES BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode Major Faculty Batch : Full-time : Environmental Science and Management : International Programs Office : 2013 - 2017 Thai Nguyen, 2017 Luan van DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name Allain Anjelo F Candelaria Student ID DTN1454290059 Farmer Awareness on the Effect of Pesticides on the Thesis Title Environment and Crop Production in Siniloan, Laguna, Philippines Supervisors Ms Liberata Capilos Mr Do Tuan Tung Abstract: This study aims to determine the level of awareness of farmers on the effect of pesticide on environment and crop production in Siniloan, Laguna, Philippines The study was conducted by giving survey questionnaires to 120 farmers in the vicinity of Siniloan, Laguna, Philippines The statistical tools used in the study were frequency, percentages, verbal interpretation and weighted mean Results of the study showed that 64% of the respondents are slightly aware on the effects of the pesticides on the environment and crop production Moreover, results also illustrated that it is the supervisory departments (e.g., local department of agriculture sector, municipal agriculture officer) in Siniloan, Laguna, Philippines affect and influence the respondents’ awareness through conducting trainings, seminars and free consultation regarding the effect of pesticides in environment and crop production Lastly, the respondents are not absolutely welcome to accept additional knowledge regarding the effects of pesticide in environment and crop production Keywords: Number of Pages Date of Submission Awareness, Pesticides, Environmental Effects, Farmers, Negative Effects, Handling Pesticides 34 November 2017 Supervisor's Signature i Luan van ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author would like to extend his greetings and profound gratitude to those who supported and prayed for him for the success of the study He would also like to express his grateful acknowledgement to the following who have contributed a lot to the accomplishment of the study For the God Almighty who always watch the author even if there are so many challenges that the author encountered His parents Mr Allan Candelaria and Mrs Belenda Candelaria for their moral support and dedications for him For the guidance on what he was doing as well For the well care help they have given With their intensifying encouragement to persuade him to accomplish this study Without their parental, spiritual Financial, and moral support, this work could have not been made possible; His siblings Jeruz Allen Candelaria and Julius Rafael Candelaria, CPA for their help which makes the research successful and their endless love & support for the researcher; Mrs Liberata Capilos, his adviser for being there always, when the researcher needed guidance, and committed her valuable time and effort for the completion of the study; Mr Do Tuan Tung, his supervisor mentor, for giving him additional knowledge, with those additional information based on the study’s completion, worthy indication, ii Luan van comments and most of all, for helping him in problems that the researcher encountered, with those additional information based on the study’s completion; Dr Robert C Agatep, as his statistician and his godfather as well, for the lessons and knowledge he shares with the gratitude approach, and also for the willingness to help the researcher to finish the study iii Luan van TABLE OF CONTENT PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and rationale 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Research questions and hypothesis 1.3.1 Research Questions 1.3.2 Hypothesis 1.4 Limitations PART II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 An Overview of Pesticides 2.2 Benefits of Pesticides 2.3 Effects of Pesticides in Agriculture 2.4 Impact on Humans 2.5 Impact on Environment 12 2.5.1 Surface Water Contamination 12 2.5.2 Ground Water Contamination 13 2.5.3 Soil Contamination 14 PART III MATERIALS AND METHODS 16 3.1 Design 16 3.2 Tools and instruments 16 3.3 Sampling Design 17 3.3 Respondents 17 3.4 Time frame and locale 17 3.5 Data gathering procedures 17 3.6 Data analysis 18 iv Luan van PART IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 20 4.1 Age 20 4.2 Gender 21 4.3 Educational Attainment 21 4.4 Level of Awareness 22 4.5 Factors affecting the level of the respondents’ awareness 23 4.6 Level of acceptance for the additional awareness 24 PART V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION 26 5.1 Summary of Findings 26 5.2 Conclusion 27 5.3 Recommendations 27 REFERENCES 30 APPENDICES v Luan van LIST OF TABLES Table Statistical Tools for Interpretation of Data 18a Table Level of awareness on the effects of pesticide 19 Table Level of acceptance of the additional awareness regarding the effects of pesticide 19 Table Distribution of respondents in terms of age 20 Table Distribution of respondents in terms of gender 21 Table Distribution of respondents in terms of educational attainment 22 Table Level of Awareness on the effects of pesticide 23 Table Factors affecting the level of the respondents’ awareness 24 Table Level of acceptance of the additional awareness 25 vi Luan van LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CAF : Census of Agriculture and Fisheries NAP : National Action Plan PhilMech : Philippine Center for Post-harvest Development and Mechanization PSA : Philippine Statistics Authority UPLB-AMDP : University of the Philippines Los Banos (Agricultural Mechanization Development Program) WHO : World Health Organization vii Luan van PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and rationale At present, the Filipino people is currently facing numerous environmental issues which include environmental pollution, global warming, overpopulation, natural resources depletion and waste disposal (Datukon, 2016) Infrastructure developments are resulting in resource depletion and environmental destruction Modern technologies used in the engineering and manufacturing industry have a major impact on our life in past few years Due to the rapid changes in the engineering and manufacturing industry have been drastic changes in the environment In this regard, it was stated by Rinkesh (2016) that pollution hit number one in the significant current environmental issues Pollution, as defined by Merriam-Webster, is the action of polluting especially by environmental contamination with man-made waste Man-made waste pollutants can threaten human health and compromise the natural ecosystem and environment Manmade pollution is generally a byproduct of human actions such as consumption, waste disposal, industrial production, transportation and energy generation Pollution can occur in air, water, soil, and radioactive (Kwak, 2017) Asio (2010) stated that soil degradation (i.e., soil pollution) is one of the most serious ecological problems in the Philippines Asio also added that the National Action Plan (NAP) for 2004 to 2010 identified soil degradation as a major threat to food security in the country NAP reported that about 5.2 million hectares are seriously degraded resulting to 30 to 50% reduction in soil productivity Soil degradation is defined as the Luan van process which lowers the current or future capacity of the soil to produce goods or services (Asio, 2010) According to National Pesticide Information Center, soil can be degraded and the community of organisms living in the soil can be damaged by misuse or over use of pesticides Pesticides, as defined by World Health Organization (WHO), are chemical compounds that are used to kill pests, including insects, rodents, fungi and unwanted plants (weeds) Pesticides are used in agriculture to kill pests that damage crops By its very nature, pesticides are potentially toxic to other organisms, including humans, and need to be used safely and disposed of properly Pesticides present the group of chemicals that are purposely applied to the environment with aim to suppress plant and animal pests and to protect agricultural and industrial products However, the majority of pesticides is not specifically targeting the pest only and during their application they also affect the non-target plants and animals Repeated application of pesticides may lead to loss of biodiversity Many pesticides are not easily degradable, they persist in soil, leach to groundwater and surface water and contaminate wide environment Depending on their chemical properties they can enter the organism, bioaccumulate in food chains and consequently influence also human health Overall, intensive pesticide application results in several negative effects in the environment that cannot be ignored (Pesticide Action Network – Europe (August 2010) Environmental effects of pesticides An impression of recent scientific literature) Based on the foregoing, the proponent of the study wanted to determine if the farmers within Siniloan, Laguna, Philippines has enough awareness on the effects of pesticides in the environment Being able to determine their (farmers) level of awareness Luan van ... effects of pesticides on the environment and crop production in Siniloan, Laguna, Philippines? -What are the factors affecting the level of farmers’ awareness on the effects of pesticides on the environment. .. environment and crop production 1.2 Objectives This study was conducted to determine the farmers’ awareness on the effects of pesticides on the environment and crop production in Siniloan, Laguna,. .. determine the level of awareness of farmers on the effect of pesticide on environment and crop production in Siniloan, Laguna, Philippines The study was conducted by giving survey questionnaires